Deviation of the nasal septum. Treatment without surgery folk remedies, conservative, laser. How to align the nasal septum without surgery? Deviated septum treatment

Recently, cases of curvature of the cartilaginous septum of the nose in Russians have become more frequent.
Many ENT doctors note that people are more likely to complain of difficulty in nasal breathing (especially in the autumn-winter season), unpleasant aching pain in the nose, radiating to the back of the head, swelling of the sinuses and other manifestations associated with pathology.

Nasal breathing is a very important process for the human body, which allows you to warm and moisten the air entering the lungs, filter it and saturate it with oxygen.

With difficulty in nasal breathing, this result cannot be achieved: severe pain and discomfort will not allow a person to breathe through the nose for a long time, ultimately, he will switch to mouth breathing, which is dangerous with potential hyperventilation.

Is it possible to eliminate the deformation of the nasal septum in the safest possible way?

Is it possible to correct this defect inoperably, that is, with the use of folk remedies? And how can the symptoms of this disease be alleviated?

Reasons for violation

In childhood, these manifestations are practically invisible, but in the puberty period, when a teenager experiences rapid growth and restructuring of the body, unpleasant pains in the nose begin, interfering with proper breathing and causing an acute feeling of discomfort.

The main causes of this disease can be divided into three groups:

physiological, when the curvature of the cartilaginous membrane occurs due to a genetic predisposition to impaired growth of the cranial bones;
traumatic, when the deformation occurs after a severe injury;
compensatory, when the disease is only a manifestation of another disorder.

The first group includes such reasons as the uneven growth of the bones of the skull, which is characteristic of many modern adolescents, and leading to the fact that the shape and size of the nasal septum change to an abnormal development of the vomeronasal organ responsible for smell.

The second group includes mechanical damage resulting from injuries.

This reason is typical for teenage boys and men who take part in martial arts, fighting sports, and also who enter into fights.

Also, deformation of the septum can occur after a fracture and improper fusion of the nasal cartilage and bones.

The third group is also very common. The development of this anomaly can be affected by a constant runny nose, tumors in one of the nostrils or polyps, as well as hypertrophy of the turbinates.

Signs of deformity of the septum

Many patients are negligent in solving the problem of nasal septal deformity due to the fact that they consider it “not serious”.

However, it can lead to a number of unpleasant symptoms and even diseases of the internal organs:

Types of pathology

ENT doctors have compiled a classification of types of septal curvature: a deformed membrane can take the form of a spike, ridge, or a combination of these types, be S- or C-shaped.

On the page: opian methods of treating inflammation of the sinuses with folk methods.

The curvature can be unilateral, affecting one sinus, or bilateral, appear in the front or back of the nose, in the vertical or horizontal part.

Even a slight curvature contributes to the effect of a swirl of air entering the nasal cavity, which provokes pain and makes breathing difficult.

Curvature symptoms

How to identify the symptoms of this disease before going to the doctor? There are generally accepted signs:

Difficulty in nasal breathing, discomfort when inhaling.
Chronic runny nose (symptoms described).
Allergic reactions.
Severe headaches of a permanent nature.
Severe dryness or, conversely, nasal congestion with protective mucus.
Bleeding due to mucosal irritation.
Night snoring, otherwise.
Frequent infections, including acute respiratory infections, manifested by a runny nose and how.
Deformation of the nose, changing its contours.
Strong fatigue.

Setting the diagnosis

If there is no certainty that it is the deformation of the nasal septum that is determined by the symptoms, then it makes sense to turn to the help of diagnostic methods.

In modern clinics, all types of diagnostics are widely used - from a simple external examination to posterior rhinoscopy.

Visual inspection. The easiest and fastest way to medically determine the presence of a curvature of the membrane.
First, the doctor evaluates the contours of the nose.
Secondly, the breathing assessment procedure allows for an accurate diagnosis..

To do this, you need to pinch one nostril with your finger, and bring a cotton swab dipped in an odorous substance or thread to the other. The doctor evaluates the fluctuations of the nostrils, as well as the sharpness of the sense of smell (read about the reasons for the loss at the address). If there are violations of oscillations and a decrease in the perception of odors, then it is possible to determine the curvature of the septum with an accuracy of 90%.
Anterior rhinoscopy. This is a method of examining the mucosa with the help of special instruments - nasal dilators or small bellied probes.
Posterior rhinoscopy - differs from the above method only in that a spatula with a mirror is used for examination, and the doctor himself assesses the condition of the nasopharynx from the choanal side.

Methods of non-surgical treatment

So far, no definite answer has been given by doctors to this question.

Of course, most doctors will say that it is better to give preference to rhinoplasty or laser surgery than to experiment with folk remedies.

However, the cost of operations and their effectiveness, which is not always achieved, deter most patients.

What is the best therapy

Let's try to figure out which is better - home treatment or surgery, what are the advantages and disadvantages of both methods of treatment?

Surgical intervention

The nasal septum is a thin, extremely fragile organ, consisting of cartilage and bone, which is a membrane. It is almost impossible to straighten it by mechanical reduction or massage.

You can also perform septoplasty using video endoscopic equipment, which allows you to simplify and speed up the operation as much as possible.

The operation is performed under local anesthesia, all instruments are sterilized, and surgeons perform their work with maximum precision.

folk methods.

A deviated septum causes severe discomfort to patients and makes it difficult to breathe properly through the nasal cavity.

That is why they are looking for the most rational way to solve this problem, for example, traditional medicine.

They do not help to radically correct the shape of the nose, but reduce the symptoms of the disease, improve nasal breathing and eliminate swollen areas, relieve headaches and help relieve discomfort in the sinuses.

They can be divided into several types:

Let's take a look at how these methods work.

Treatment with special devices

As practice has shown, special ultrasonic devices help to remove unpleasant symptoms.

These include "Vitafon", which produces a vibroacoustic effect on the affected area, "Fairy", "Atmos Antirhinitis", etc.

The “Nebulizer” apparatus, which is written in detail, designed to treat the respiratory system, effectively helps with a runny nose.

Procedures with these devices should be carried out strictly according to the instructions attached to them. For example, for the treatment of the nose, "Vitafon" should be applied to the sinuses in mode 2 for 10 minutes.

Treatment with folk remedies

You can relieve swelling due to the curvature of the nasal septum with the help of therapeutic massage. To do this, you need a cream based on propolis, which is applied to the area of \u200b\u200bthe cheeks close to the nose.

It must be massaged into the skin and performed on the sinus area with constant circular movements. It is effective to carry out this procedure in the evening.

They help relieve the symptoms of curvature of the “dunk-spit” exercise.

To do this, warm filtered water is diluted in a cup with a pinch of sea salt. The resulting solution should be drawn in first with one nostril, then with the other, held a little in the nasopharynx, and then sharply “spit out”.

If you repeat the procedure several times in a row, it will completely relieve the unpleasant pain, and its regular implementation will become better prevention of rhinitis.

Essential oils of eucalyptus, fir and vetiver are the best helpers in the fight against swelling of the sinuses.

For procedures with them, you should literally add a drop of one of the oils to a cup of water and moisten a round cotton pad in it, after which the wet pads are pressed against the sinus area and left for 10 minutes. The procedure should be done every day in the morning and evening..

Even ordinary black tea can effectively relieve pain and tightness in the sinuses. To do this, strong black tea is brewed (at least 3 teaspoons per 0.5 liters of boiling water), and the patient then breathes through his nose over a bowl of hot liquid.

In order for the tea not to cool, you should cover yourself with a large towel.

Drops of beetroot juice or sea buckthorn oil will help improve the condition of the mucosa and relieve pain symptoms.

But there is one warning: in no case should you rinse your nose with an enema: this can lead to inflammation of the Eustachian tube and even more discomfort.

Treatment with breathing techniques

Breathing exercises are incredibly effective for relieving discomfort in the nasal cavity.

Thanks to the correct execution technique, it is possible to achieve the removal of edema, the restoration of the functioning of the mucosa, and the relief of nasal breathing.

The body should be relaxed, hands in a prayerful gesture.

This exercise is performed every day in the morning and in the evening for 10 sets.

It will also be effective to take frequent breaths through the nose, the so-called “sips”, drawing in small portions of air, and then exhale deeply. This exercise can be done an unlimited number of approaches.

Instead of a conclusion

The curvature of the nasal septum occurs for many reasons and, at times, it is not possible to correct this defect, even in an operable way.

But you can relieve pain and discomfort, reduce the risk of a runny nose or headaches by using folk remedies. The age-old wisdom that made it possible to select the best of these folk remedies will help you effectively cope with the task of relieving discomfort with minimal financial losses.

While watching the video we offer, you will learn the details of laser treatment for a deviated septum.

1293 04/01/2019 6 min.

A deviated septum is a common nuisance that interferes with normal breathing. An ideally straight septum does not exist, but in most cases the septum is slightly curved, due to which it does not cause discomfort. If the nasal septum has a severe S-shaped curvature, it can create a permanent “stuffy nose” effect. The most common solution to the problem is surgery, that is, rhinoplasty.

But this is not always possible, since such an operation is quite expensive, and at the same time it has many contraindications. In this case, resort to conservative methods of leveling the partition. Such methods do not lead to a radical straightening of the septum, but can relieve symptoms that create discomfort. For this, special breathing exercises, massage and medications are used.

What is a curvature of the nasal septum - the definition of the disease

The nasal septum is the thinnest membrane that separates the nasal cavity into 2 nostrils, left and right. It consists of thin cartilage and internal bone. In the case of problems with the nasal septum, it is the cartilaginous part of the septum that is curved. There are 2 main types of deviated septum:

C-shaped;
S-shaped.

The methods of treating the problem in both cases are exactly the same. A deviated septum can affect one or both nostrils, or it can be in the front or back of the nose.

Deviated septum is not always a pathology requiring treatment.

It is necessary to treat the curvature of the nasal septum only when it causes real trouble. Only an otolaryngologist should decide on the need to correct this defect.

Causes

Very often, only an ENT doctor can make a diagnosis of "curvature of the nasal septum". The main causes of a deviated septum can be:

Violation of proper growth. Occurs in children during the period of active growth in the case when the bone and cartilaginous part of the septum grow at different rates. As a result, a natural change in the shape of the nasal septum occurs.
Pathological neoplasms in the nose. Polyps or - this is a common cause of deformity of the nasal septum in children. The cartilaginous part of the nasal septum is very pliable, which leads to its deviation from the vertical.
Injury. This is the most common cause of deviated septum in adults. Sports, an active lifestyle and tourism are the most common causes of deformation, which causes a lot of trouble.

Even an imperceptible pathology of the nasal septum can lead to a large number of painful consequences.

Symptoms of deviated septum in the nose

Even a slight curvature of the nasal septum can lead to minor, that is, "blurred" manifestations of the disease. The most common symptom of a deviated septum is naturally difficult breathing through the nose. There are additional signs to suspect this problem. It could be:

Dryness in the nose;
Noisy breathing;
Snore;
Chronic inflammation of the sinuses (sinusitis, frontal sinusitis,);
Chronic inflammation of the middle ear;
The development of allergic diseases;
Feeling of discomfort in the nose;
sneezing;

Most of these signs may indicate that there is even a slight curvature of the septum in the nose. Any breathing problems, especially during physical exertion in combination with the other symptoms listed above, is a reason to consult an otolaryngologist.

It is the ENT doctor who determines the degree of curvature of the nasal septum and the need for treatment in each case.

Possible Complications

In most cases, a slight deviated septum in the nose is not a cause for concern at all. But if problems have already arisen, and after an examination by an ENT doctor, treatment is recommended, then you should not “drag out” this. Persistent problems with nasal breathing due to a defect in the nasal septum can lead to heart and lung disease.

Particular attention should be paid to nasal septal defects in children. In the future, this can lead to serious health problems and even impaired intellectual development.

Painful symptoms with a deviated septum in the nose appear rather slowly. The main symptom - leads to chronic "oxygen starvation", which gradually affects the work of the whole organism. If this problem is congenital or developed in early childhood, it can lead to the development of the so-called "adenoid face". Other complications arising from the deformation of the septum can be:

Persistent headaches;
Dizziness;
Intermittent breathing;
Dyspnea;
Dizziness.

In young children, this problem can lead to developmental disorders such as:

Violation of the proper functioning of the brain;
"Adenoid face" (puffy, pale, with a constantly parted mouth);
Fast fatiguability;
Inability to play sports and lead an active lifestyle;
Low immunity;
Lethargy, constant weakness;
Emergence.

In order to prevent the manifestation of all these problems in the future, it is necessary to correct this defect as early as possible. This is not always a surgical correction, since conservative methods can also be quite effective.

Treatment without surgery

Most often, to solve the problem with the curvature of the nasal septum, the otolaryngologist will recommend surgical correction. You shouldn't be afraid of this. Since modern methods of laser correction of the cartilaginous part of the nasal septum are quite safe. But there are situations when surgical treatment is impossible due to medical contraindications, and the problem must be solved.

Only an ENT doctor should determine the specific method of treatment after a detailed diagnosis.

In this case, conservative methods of treatment are prescribed. In most cases, they do not solve the problem radically, but allow you to get rid of unpleasant symptoms. Contraindications to such an operation are:

Age over 65;
Diabetes mellitus of any type;
The age of the child is up to 15 years;
Chronic heart or lung disease;
Any oncological diseases;
Any severe infection;
Any bleeding disorder.

Senoplasty - laser correction of the nasal septum

Another possible limitation for surgical correction is the age of 48 years, when the operation is performed only with serious indications. In this case, conservative treatment is used to solve the problem with the health limitation condition.

In a medical way

The main function of medications in this case is to restore the natural functions of the nasal mucosa. This helps to restore full nasal breathing, as well as relieve swelling of the nasal passages. Complete elimination of unwanted symptoms allows you to get rid of additional problems associated with the curvature of the nasal septum.

Only an otolaryngologist should select drug therapy for the treatment of a deviated septum.

To relieve unpleasant symptoms, the doctor may prescribe medications such as:

Vasoconstrictor drops. Such effective and safe drugs as Naphthyzin, Noxprey or Farmazolin help to effectively relieve swelling;
Preparations based on purified sea water. There are many sprays and "nasal douches" to relieve unpleasant dryness of the nasal mucosa. It can be Aquamaris, Physiomer, Salin, which additionally help to cleanse the mucous membrane of harmful microorganisms.
Kromoglin. Sprays based on cromoglycic acid help to cope with allergic rhinitis in combination with a deviated nasal septum.

Comprehensive treatment with these drugs allows you to get rid of the unpleasant feeling of "stuffy nose" and other problems caused by the curvature of the nasal septum. Additionally, they contribute to the formation of local immunity, which relieves endless colds and SARS.

Folk remedies

There are no home remedies with proven effectiveness, with which you can get rid of a deviated septum, does not exist. The only remedy that can be used to moisturize the edematous mucosa and effectively cleanse secretions and pathogens is this.

You should not experiment with home treatment when it comes to a nasal septal defect in a small child.

To do this, dissolve 1 teaspoon of salt in a glass of warm water. After that, washing is carried out according to the blow-spit system. The essence of the method is that the saline solution is gently drawn through the nostril into the oral cavity, after which it is spit out. This procedure is carried out separately for each nostril.

Prevention

Since the curvature of the nasal septum occurs as a result of its incorrect formation during the period of active growth or injury, there are no guaranteed methods of prevention. At the same time, there are simple recommendations, the observance of which will reduce the likelihood of such a problem:

It is worth treating any inflammatory diseases in the nasopharynx in a timely manner, especially in children. This will help prevent the appearance of adenoids, which can lead to gradual deformation of the cartilaginous part of the septum.
Taking precautions when playing sports or outdoor activities. This will help reduce the risk of injury to the nose.

If the problem still arises, you should be patient and solve it as soon as possible. This will help you avoid a lot of trouble in the future.

Video

This video will tell you why you need to fix a deviated septum.

conclusions

The curvature of the nasal cartilage can be both congenital and acquired. Congenital deformity of the nose is extremely rare, since the nasal cartilage in an infant is almost perfectly straight. Subsequently, it can be bent due to various reasons, which leads to many diseases, such as permanent or. It is not always possible to independently determine whether there is a deformation of the nasal septum or not.

Therefore, very often a perfectly smooth externally nose can have a deformed septum deep inside. In most cases, surgical correction is recommended to correct this defect. If this is not possible for well-defined medical reasons, resort to conservative methods of treatment. Most often, they are aimed at getting rid of unwanted symptoms that prevent you from leading an active lifestyle.

How to treat a deviated septum without surgery. What medicines to use?

The human nose has a complex internal structure, the main function of which is the redistribution of the "primary" air flow into the lungs and the removal of the "secondary" flow from them.

The nasal septum is one of the most important parts of this structure, consisting of three segments, developing independently of each other, but then fused together, dividing the nose into two equal parts - right and left.

However, a number of reasons can cause a pathology in which a deviated nasal septum overlaps one side of the nose, which causes:

bad breath;
loss of smell;
nosebleeds;
headaches, etc.

The reasons

After the diagnosis is made, the question arises - is it possible to treat the nasal septum without surgery. Before making a decision, doctors clarify what exactly caused this pathology.

Factors causing pathology of the nasal septum can be both physiological and pathological:

Physiological factors that lead to the need for nasal septum treatment without surgery just two:

Genetically determined dysplasia of the skull bones
Aging causing changes in bone structure throughout the body

Pathological causes are:

Nose injury
Formations (benign and malignant) in the nasal cavity
Uneven development of the nasal turbinates (when one develops normally and the other is too large)
Curvature caused by persistent respiratory problems that cause the person to try to breathe through one side of the nose

Click: Nasal septum laser treatment

Treatment

Having found out the cause of the pathology, doctors determine whether it is possible to correct the curvature of the nasal septum without surgery, that is, they begin treatment by eradicating the very cause that led to the disease.

Usually we are talking about two pathologies:

Neoplasm in the nasal cavity - the primary task of doctors is to remove the tumor; and after the neoplasm is removed, treatment of the deviated septum without surgery is possible.
Permanent nasal congestion - since this phenomenon is caused by an allergic reaction of the patient to any allergen (dust, microbes, etc.), accordingly, the treatment is mainly aimed at combating allergies.

Drug therapy

When treating a deviated septum without surgery, the same set of pharmacological agents is prescribed, and these are:

Decongestants (naphthyzine, tizin, nazol, etc.) are drugs that reduce swelling of the nasal tissues, when using which the respiratory tracts are open on both sides.

Decongestants are available as tablets or nasal spray. However, it should be remembered that long-term use of such sprays causes dependence, expressed in the fact that as soon as a person stops using them, the symptoms become even more severe than before the start of treatment. In addition, these drugs can lead to side effects such as:

nervousness;
increase in blood pressure;
tachycardia.

Antihistamines (suprastin, tavegil, claritin, etc.) are drugs that prevent allergic attacks, including runny nose and obstruction. There are also possible side (unwanted) effects, such as:

drowsiness;
uncoordinated actions;
Bad mood.

Click: Causes of deviated septum

Therefore, these drugs are categorically not recommended for drivers, machinists, pilots, etc.

Nasal steroid sprays (flixonase, aldecine, amaves, etc.) - reduce the inflammatory process in the nasal passages, as a result of which the airways "open" and the person begins to breathe freely. To achieve the greatest effect, these drugs should be taken for one to two weeks (depending on the doctor's recommendation).

Note. If, after a certain period, the treatment of the curvature of the nasal septum without surgery is not successful, the issue of surgical care for this patient is decided.

A deviated septum is a very common condition. In fact, a perfectly flat nasal septum is a big exception. But its deformities are not always regarded as a pathology and in most cases do not need treatment.

If the curvature of the nasal septum is expressed strongly enough, then it can lead to a number of complications. In this case, they say about the presence of the disease. Treatment by an otorhinolaryngologist (ENT doctor) is indicated.

According to statistics, the curvature of the nasal septum practically does not occur in childhood. The peak of detection occurs in adolescents aged 13-18 years - a period when there is a rapid growth of the body.

nose anatomy

nasal cavity- the beginning of the respiratory system. Once in the nasal cavity, the air then enters the nasopharynx, from there - into the larynx, trachea, bronchial system, and, finally, into the pulmonary alveoli, where gas exchange occurs between air and blood.

The structure of the nose:

nostrils- inlets through which air enters the nasal cavity;
elementary department of the nasal cavity - a space that is divided into the right and left halves by a vertical nasal septum;
nasal passages - located posterior to the initial section of the nasal cavity, there are lower, middle and upper nasal passages, which are respectively limited to the upper, middle and lower nasal concha;
choanae - two openings through which the nasal cavity communicates with the nasopharynx.

The walls of the nasal cavity:

Anterior superior wall formed by the bones of the skull (process of the upper jaw, nasal bones) and nasal cartilages.
Inferior wall - floor of the nasal cavity, - formed by the palatine processes of the upper jaws (hard, or bone, palate), as well as the soft palate.
Lateral walls of the nasal cavity formed mainly by the ethmoid bone.
Nasal septum, which divides the nasal cavity in half, is formed in the back by the vomer, and in the front by cartilage.

The inside of the nasal cavity is lined mucous membrane. It is richly supplied with blood and secretes a large amount of mucus. In the region of the upper nasal passage in the mucosa there are many sensitive nerve receptors - this region is called the olfactory region.

nasal turbinates- bone formations that are located in the back of the nasal cavity and divide it into three nasal passages - upper, middle and lower. The superior and middle nasal conchas are processes of the ethmoid bone. The inferior nasal concha is an independent small bone.

The nasal passages communicate with the paranasal sinuses:

superior nasal passage communicates with the posterior ethmoid sinuses and the sinus located in the sphenoid bone.
middle nasal passage communicates with the anterior and middle ethmoid sinuses, with the maxillary sinuses (sinuses located in the bodies of the maxillary bones).

In the ethmoid bone there are many small cavities - sinuses, which are usually divided into three groups: posterior, middle and anterior.

The sphenoid bone is located at the base of the skull and is practically invisible from the outside. She has a body in the form of a cube, from which "wings" extend to the sides. Inside the body is an air cavity - the sphenoid sinus.

Functions of the nasal cavity:

conduction of air into the nasopharynx and larynx;
moistening the air with the secretion of glands located in the mucous membrane;
warming the air flow - the venous plexus located under the mucosa is responsible for this function;
protection of the respiratory tract from mechanical irritants: hairs and mucus in the nose trap dust particles and bring them out;
protection against infection: nasal mucus traps pathogens and removes them from the nasal cavity, has bactericidal qualities;
The olfactory region of the nasal cavity is responsible for the reception (perception) of odors.

The main function of the nasal septum is the correct distribution of air flows between the right and left halves of the nasal cavity. The significance of this mechanism was established in a series of studies using magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography.

The nasal septum divides the inhaled air into two equal streams, which ensures their linear movement along the respiratory tract. Optimal conditions are achieved for the nasal cavity to perform its functions (warming, cleansing, humidifying the air). If the configuration of the nasal septum is violated, these functions are also violated.

In a newborn baby, the nasal septum is always straight and even. It is still difficult to distinguish between the bone and cartilaginous parts in it: almost all of it is cartilage, in which there are several foci of ossification. Gradually, they turn into bones and grow together. Violation of this process leads to the occurrence of curvature of the nasal septum. The initial causes of emerging violations are not always possible to accurately establish.

Causes of deviated septum

Classification of the causes of the curvature of the nasal septum

Physiological causes: associated with heredity and dysplasia of the skull bones.	Traumatic causes	Compensatory reasons: the nasal septum is deformed due to the presence of other pathological formations in the nasal cavity.***
Uneven growth of the skull. The human skull consists of the facial and cerebral sections. The facial skull is formed from the upper and lower jaws, zygomatic, palatine bones, etc. The medulla of the skull is represented by the frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones. If uneven growth of the facial and cerebral parts of the skull is noted, then the dimensions of the nasal cavity also change. It becomes "cramped" for the nasal septum. As a result, the latter has to bend.	According to statistics, deviated septum is more common in teenage boys and men. This is the contingent among which injuries of the skull and face are most common. As a result of a strong blow, the nasal bones are displaced. It can lead to curvature of the nasal septum, even if it is minor. The most severe deformities are caused by improper fusion of the bones of the nose after a fracture.	Hypertrophy(overdevelopment) of one of the turbinates. The enlarged shell puts pressure on the nasal septum and causes it to shift.
Uneven growth of the skull. The human skull consists of the facial and cerebral sections. The facial skull is formed from the upper and lower jaws, zygomatic, palatine bones, etc. The medulla of the skull is the frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, ethmoid, sphenoid bones. If uneven growth of the facial and cerebral parts of the skull is noted, then the dimensions of the nasal cavity also change. It becomes "cramped" for the nasal septum. As a result, the latter has to bend.		Polyps and tumors of the nasal mucosa. If they reach a sufficiently large size, they disrupt the breathing of one nostril. Deforming, the nasal septum tries to compensate for this condition.
Excessive development of the rudiment of Jacobson's organ. This cause of the curvature of the nasal septum is extremely rare. Jacobson's organ is developed in reptiles, which, with the help of it, are able to literally “taste the air”. A person has only its rudiment, represented by a cluster of nerve formations behind the olfactory region. If this rudiment is developed excessively, then it limits the space for the growth of the nasal septum, a curvature occurs.		Persistent stuffiness of one side of the nose. The curvature of the nasal septum in this case is an attempt to adapt to breathing through one nostril, to make it more complete.

*** In this case, it is often difficult to figure out whether the violation of nasal breathing is the cause of the curvature of the nasal septum, or its consequence.

Disorders that occur when the nasal septum is deviated

Difficulty in nasal breathing

Pathological mechanisms that lead to difficulty in nasal breathing when the nasal septum is deviated:

Narrowing of the nasal passage on the side of the convexity of the septum. A decrease in the volume of space on one side leads to difficulty in passing the air flow up to the complete inability to breathe through one nostril.
Violation of air dynamics inside the nasal cavity. Normally, during inhalation, the air in the nose rises and passes through the middle and partially upper nasal passage. During exhalation, it goes into the lower nasal passage. With a curvature of the nasal septum, a violation of the air flow even through one nasal passage leads to difficulty breathing. Despite the fact that the other two nasal passages on the same side may have a normal lumen.
Narrowing of the nasal passage and respiratory failure on the side of the concavity of the deformed nasal septum. Often, the symptoms here are even more pronounced than on the side of the bulge. As a result of the expansion of the nasal passage, compensatory hypertrophy (growth) of the turbinates occurs. Over time, they become so large that they begin to make breathing difficult.
The reaction of nerve endings (receptors) of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity. Normally, the air flow in the nose is uniform. When the nasal septum is deviated, turbulence occurs in it. They irritate sensitive receptors located in the mucous membrane. A reflex protective reaction occurs: the vessels of the mucosa expand, its edema occurs, and a large amount of mucus is released.
Suction of the wing of the nose to the septum. This is often noted in the curvature of the septum in the front. The wing of the nose constantly adjoins the septum tightly, as a result, the passage of air is sharply hampered.

Changes in the nasal mucosa

Normally, the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity produces a certain amount of mucus, which moisturizes the air and performs protective functions. On the surface of epithelial cells are cilia. They constantly make movements, thanks to which dust and other small particles are removed from the nose.

As a result of turbulence, the air in the nasal cavity constantly hits the mucous membrane in a certain place. Here it thickens, epithelial cells lose cilia. Protective functions are violated, the process of cleansing the mucosa from foreign particles and mucus. The secreted mucus dries up, forming crusts.

The mucous membrane of the nasal cavity becomes more vulnerable to pathogens.
Rhinitis develops - runny nose, constant nasal congestion.

Oxygen starvation of organs and tissues

The supply of sufficient oxygen to the lungs and blood largely depends on how free nasal breathing is. When the nasal septum is deviated, gas exchange in the pulmonary alveoli is disturbed. There is a general oxygen starvation of the body.

Mouth breathing

Nasal breathing for humans is the only normal. If it is violated as a result of the curvature of the nasal septum, oral breathing is activated. It is inferior in many respects.

Disadvantages of mouth breathing:

Not moistened and not warmed air enters the lungs: as a result, gas exchange in the alveoli is not carried out as efficiently as during nasal breathing. Less oxygen enters the blood.
The protective properties of nasal mucus are switched off from work. The likelihood of developing a respiratory infection increases.
Mouth breathing can eventually lead to adenoiditis - inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsil.

Nerve disorders

With the curvature of the nasal septum, constant irritation of the nasal mucosa occurs. This leads to complications that are reflex in nature.

Reflex disorders in the curvature of the nasal septum:

Bronchial asthma- there is a kind of disease, the main cause of which is a neuropsychic imbalance.
spasms of the larynx, manifested in the form of short attacks of suffocation.
Convulsive epileptic seizures.
Reflex sneezing and coughing.
Dysmenorrhea in women- Violation of the frequency and duration of menstruation.
Disorders of the eyes, heart and other organs.

Violations from neighboring organs

Eustachian tube and middle ear disorders. The nasal cavity passes into the nasopharynx, on the mucous membrane of which there are pharyngeal openings of the auditory, or Eustachian, tubes on the right and left. The Eustachian tube connects the nasopharynx with the middle ear cavity (the tympanic cavity, which contains the auditory bones: anvil, stirrup, hammer). A chronic inflammatory process as a result of the curvature of the nasal septum leads to the fact that mucus and infectious agents can enter the auditory tube and tympanic cavity.
Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses - sinusitis. A direct connection between the curvature of the nasal septum and the development of inflammatory processes in the paranasal sinuses has been proven. Such patients often develop sinusitis (inflammation of the mucous membrane of the maxillary or maxillary sinus) and frontal sinusitis (inflammation of the frontal sinus).
Inflammation of the lacrimal ducts and lacrimal sac. The tear that is produced by the lacrimal glands normally flows into the nasal cavity through the nasolacrimal canal. It can serve as a route for the spread of infection.

Types of curvature of the nasal septum:

deviated nasal septum
crest
a combination of two or three types of curvature

Varieties of the actual curvature of the nasal septum:

in vertical or horizontal plane
in the anterior or posterior part of the nasal septum
one-sided and two-sided
with the capture of the cartilaginous part of the septum (there are so-called dislocations of the cartilage when it is separated from the bone), the vertical plate of the ethmoid bone (forms the anterior part of the bony nasal septum) or the vomer (forms the back of the nasal septum)
S-shaped, C-shaped, in relation to the bone crest of the upper jaw.

More often there are curvature of the nasal septum in the anterior part. Less commonly, the coulter located behind is captured. The rear edge of the coulter is almost always exactly vertical.

Ridges and spikes are usually located on the upper or lower edge of the opener. They can have different lengths, they are directed in different directions. Sometimes they protrude into the mucous membrane on the opposite side. Most often, spikes and ridges consist only of bone tissue. Sometimes their tops can be represented by cartilage.

But even a slight curvature of the septum in the anterior part can create air turbulence, which then intensifies and significantly disrupts nasal breathing.

Symptoms of a deviated septum

Complaints that are presented at the doctor's appointment by patients with a deviated nasal septum:

Difficulty in nasal breathing. The symptom can be in varying degrees: from a slight violation to the complete inability to breathe through the nose (in this case, the patient breathes through the mouth). However, the absence of this complaint is not a sign that the curvature of the nasal septum is also absent. If the deformation occurred at a young age, then the body can compensate for it for some time. The patient does not complain of difficulty in nasal breathing. If the nasal cavity is large, then there are no difficulties either.
Chronic rhinitis - runny nose. It manifests itself in the form of nasal congestion, constant mucous secretions. Sometimes the patient does not go to the doctor for a long time, because he believes that he has frequent colds, and the whole point is to reduce immunity.
allergic reactions. The changes that occur in the nasal cavity as a result of the curvature of the nasal septum are always accompanied over time by a violation of local defense mechanisms and immunity. This is manifested not only in a decrease in resistance to infections, but also in the appearance of allergic reactions. Allergic rhinitis is a common problem among individuals with a deviated septum. Chronic rhinitis is betrayal- a condition against which bronchial asthma often develops. The patient complains to the doctor that nasal congestion and discharge occur mainly during contact with an allergen, for example, pollen from certain plants.
Headache. A spike, ridge, or deviated nasal septum may come into contact with the nasal mucosa and exert pressure on it. Constant irritation of nerve receptors leads to the development of reflex headaches.
Dryness in the nose, discomfort and discomfort during nasal breathing. A symptom that develops as a result of prolonged irritation and inflammation in the nasal cavity.
Nosebleeds. They are also the result of irritation of the mucous membrane. On the side where there is a bulge on the nasal septum, the mucous membrane is very thinned. Even with a slight impact, it is easily damaged.
Snoring at night as a result of nasal obstruction.
Increased fatigue, decreased performance, decreased resistance to physical exertion. These symptoms are associated with impaired nasal breathing and insufficient oxygen supply to the blood from the lungs.
Frequent infections that occur with symptoms of acute respiratory infections (runny nose, cough, sneezing), fever.
Symptoms of chronic inflammation of the pharynx and larynx: perspiration, dryness and sore throat, cough.
Symptoms of inflammation in the middle ear: pain, hearing loss.
Violation of the shape of the nose. This symptom is typical for the curvature of the nasal septum of traumatic origin.
In severe cases, the patient and his relatives note periodic convulsive epileptic seizures, visual impairment, heart pain and increased blood pressure, shortness of breath and other symptoms. They can also be associated with deformities of the nasal septum.
Deterioration of memory, thinking, absent-mindedness. Schoolchildren with deviated nasal septum have reduced school performance over time.

Diagnostics of the curvature of the nasal septum

Diagnosis of curvature of the nasal septum by an ENT doctor includes an external examination, rhinoscopy, - the appointment of additional tests and laboratory tests.

Visual inspection

Assess the appearance of the patient's nose. With a traumatic curvature of the nasal septum, it is changed.

Nasal breathing is assessed separately for the right and left nostrils. The patient is asked to close the left nostril with a finger, and a piece of cotton wool or thread is brought to the right. Look at its oscillation during inhalation and exhalation. Then the manipulation is repeated for the left nostril.

To assess the sense of smell, one nostril is also clamped, and a piece of cotton wool soaked in a solution of an odorous substance is brought to the second. The patient is asked to take a breath and name the smell. Usually, when the nasal septum is deviated, the sense of smell is reduced, on one or both sides.

Rhinoscopy

Rhinoscopy– examination of the nasal cavity with the help of special tools.
There are anterior and posterior rhinoscopy. Anterior rhinoscopy is most commonly performed. Back - according to indications.

How is an anterior rhinoscopy performed?

Anterior rhinoscopy is performed using a special nasal dilator (see picture).
The doctor asks the patient to slightly raise his head, lifts his nose tip and inserts the instrument into the nostril. Using a button probe (see picture), the otolaryngologist can better examine the nasal cavity and assess the consistency of the formations inside.
Anterior rhinoscopy is performed separately for each nostril.

Disorders that can be distinguished from a deviated septum during anterior rhinoscopy:

polyps mucous membrane
hematomas- hemorrhages under the mucous membrane, which, reaching large sizes, can make nasal breathing difficult
tumors in the nasal cavity
abscess- an abscess.

If anterior rhinoscopy is difficult due to severe swelling of the nasal mucosa, the doctor first instills a 0.1% solution of adrenaline into the patient's nostrils. It constricts the blood vessels and makes the nostrils free for inspection.

How is posterior rhinoscopy performed?

Posterior rhinoscopy is an examination of the nasopharynx and nasal cavity from the choanal side. To do this, the doctor asks the patient to open his mouth, moves his tongue with a spatula and inserts a special mirror into the nasopharynx.

Additional instrumental studies in the curvature of the nasal septum

Study	Indications
Skull x-ray	assessment of the condition of the paranasal sinuses; detection of anomalies from the bones of the skull; identification of existing deformities after a nose injury.
CT scan	Identification of ridges and spikes that are located in the back of the nasal septum and are not visible during rhinoscopy.
Endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity It is carried out using a rhinoscope - a thin probe, at the end of which there is a miniature video camera. It is inserted into the nostril and pushed a little deeper. Most patients tolerate the study well. Local anesthesia of the nasal mucosa is performed using anesthetic sprays.	Identification of formations in the nasal cavity that are inaccessible for examination during anterior and posterior rhinoscopy.

Laboratory research methods for curvature of the nasal septum

Type of study	Purpose
General blood analysis	General clinical routine study, which allows you to identify signs of the inflammatory process.
Appointed only for special indications:
Bacteriological examination of nasal swabs and secreted mucus.	Identification of the infectious process and the appointment of rational antibiotic therapy.
Cytological examination of smears and mucus from the nose	Suspicion of an oncological process.
Allergy tests and immunological blood tests.	Deviation of the nasal septum, complicated by an allergic condition. Allergen detection.

Treatment of deviated septum

Deviated septum is treated surgically. The main type of surgery that is performed in most cases is septoplasty.

Indications for surgery for deformities of the nasal septum:

Obstruction of nasal breathing on one or both sides. Surgical intervention is absolutely indicated, provided that the difficulty in breathing is caused precisely by the deformation of the nasal septum.
Chronic rhinitis- inflammation of the nasal mucosa.
Otitis and eustachitis (inflammation of the middle ear and the auditory, or Eustachian, tube), the initial cause of which is a violation of the shape of the nasal septum.
Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses (sinusitis): sinusitis, ethmoiditis (inflammation of the cells of the ethmoid bone). Surgery is indicated if these complications are caused by a deviated septum.
Frequent recurring headaches.
External cosmetic defects. Sometimes, in rare cases, after fractures, the back of the nose is simultaneously aligned and septoplasty is performed.

Contraindications to septoplasty for deviated septum:

old age. With age, respiratory failure due to the curvature of the nasal septum is partially compensated. Therefore, the symptoms of the disease become less pronounced. In older people, atrophy of the nasal mucosa occurs, so the operation is difficult, the risk of complications is high.
Violation of blood clotting. For example, septoplasty is contraindicated in people with hemophilia.
Severe diseases of the cardiovascular system.
Diabetes.
Mental illness.
Malignant tumors.
severe infections.
The general serious condition of the patient.
For children and persons over 48 years of age, the operation can be performed, but the indications for it at this age are narrowed.

Preparation for septoplasty

The primary diagnosis of a deviated septum is usually established by an otolaryngologist in a clinic. If the doctor considers that surgical intervention is necessary, then he writes out a referral to the patient to the hospital.

In the emergency department, the patient is examined and the date of hospitalization is set. Prior to this, it is necessary to pass a standard set of tests. This can be done at a local clinic.

A couple of weeks before the upcoming operation, the patient should give up bad habits, avoid hypothermia and infections. It is necessary to cure bad teeth and eliminate other foci of inflammation in the body.

During the operation, a large amount of blood can be lost due to the fact that the nasal mucosa is richly supplied with blood. For women, it is better to plan the operation 2 weeks after menstruation.

An additional examination may be scheduled before the operation in the hospital. If the intervention is planned under general anesthesia, then on the day of the procedure, you should not eat or drink in the morning. In an hour, the patient is given premedication - medications are administered that help prepare the body for anesthesia.

Surgery for deviated nasal septum

Septoplasty(nasal septoplasty) can be performed under general or local anesthesia. In children, only general anesthesia is used. The patient is placed on the operating table in the supine position.

Surgical intervention does not involve incisions on the face - access is through the nostril. The surgeon dissects the mucous membrane, separates it from the nasal septum, makes a plastic surgery and sutures it.

After the operation, turundas (tampons) soaked in a solution of a hemostatic (hemostatic) drug are placed in the nose. The patient must wear them during the day.

Today, it is widely practiced to install silicone splints in the nose, which help the new septum to maintain the desired shape.

The curvature of the nasal septum in some cases is combined with the asymmetry of the ethmoid bone, a change in the shape and size of the turbinates. These disorders must also be corrected during the operation.

Endoscopic laser septoplasty

Modern technique of surgical correction of deviated nasal septum.

Advantages of laser septoplasty:

minimal tissue trauma;
blood loss during surgery is minimized;
the laser has antiseptic properties;
rehabilitation measures in the postoperative period are minimized.

Postoperative period

Within 1 - 2 days after surgery, the patient is forced to wear turundas in his nose. This causes discomfort, as nasal breathing becomes impossible during this time.

On the 2nd - 4th day, nasal breathing is restored completely.

After the operation, the otolaryngologist regularly examines the patient, removes dry crusts from the nose, rinses with saline or sea salt solution, and conducts a nasal shower.

If in the postoperative period the patient is concerned about pain, then analgesics (painkillers) are prescribed.

Antibiotic therapy is prescribed to prevent infectious complications.

After the patient is discharged from the hospital, he is observed for a month by an ENT doctor in the clinic.

The most common complications after septoplasty surgery:

formation of large hematomas(hemorrhage) under the mucous membrane;
nosebleeds;
perforation of the nasal septum- the formation of a hole, a defect in it;
submucosal abscess formation- abscess;
purulent sinusitis;
nose deformity- most often there is a retraction of his back as a result of the fact that the surgeon performed a resection of the septum too high.

Can a deviated septum be treated without surgery?

To combat the symptoms of complications of the curvature of the nasal septum, vasoconstrictor drops, antibiotics, sprays, and nasal lavages are used. These methods bring temporary relief, but they are not able to eliminate the cause of the problem. It is possible to get rid of it completely and prevent further progression only with the help of surgical intervention.

Is it possible to prevent deviated septum?

The causes of disruption of the growth of the nasal septum and its deformation can not always be identified. Therefore, at the moment there is no effective prevention of the disease.

How does a deviated septum manifest in children? What are the treatments?

Deviated septum is less common in children than in adults. However, this anatomical feature can seriously impair the child's breathing, causing oxygen starvation, and causing a delay in physical development.

Causes of deviated septum in children:

Injuries during childbirth;
Blow on one side of the nose;
Discrepancy between the growth rates of the bone and cartilage of the nose in adolescence.

Signs of pathology. Outwardly, the changes may not be visible and both sides of the nose appear symmetrical. On examination, the doctor discovers that the child has one side of the nose narrowed, and the air in it practically does not circulate. This is accompanied by swelling of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, which gradually loses its protective properties. Due to a decrease in local immunity, the child suffers from prolonged colds and otitis media.

Symptoms of a deviated septum in children:

Respiratory failure on the affected side. Parents note that periodically one nostril is completely blocked. In some cases, because of this, the child only sleeps on one side in order to optimize breathing.
Prolonged or chronic colds . Frequent sinusitis and sinusitis are associated with increased susceptibility of mucous membranes to infection. Hypertrophied (overgrown and thickened) mucosa is the basis for the formation of a polyp - an outgrowth that blocks the nasal passage.
Frequent tonsils (adenoids), which can cause snoring and coughing.
Headache - a sign that the central nervous system is deficient in oxygen.
Smell disturbance. It develops gradually and is associated with damage to sensitive receptors on the nasal mucosa.

Treatment of deviated septum in children. Not all children with a deviated nasal septum need treatment. Correction of the defect is necessary if the child's breathing is significantly impaired, and there is evidence that the curvature leads to frequent otitis media and sinusitis.

Conservative therapy(treatment without surgery for deviated septum) is the main focus in children under 15 years of age. Its purpose is to restore impaired breathing and the functions of the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract.

intranasal glucocorticosteroids (Mometasone, Fluticasone, Beclomethasone) eliminate allergic rhinitis and drug rhinitis caused by prolonged use of vasoconstrictor drops. Use once a day, preferably in the morning.
Cromons . Cromoglin - cromoglycic acid in the form of a spray is used to treat allergic rhinitis 4 times a day.
Antibacterial drugs (Isofra, Polidex, Bioparox) - topical application of antibiotics stops the growth and reproduction of bacteria on the mucous membrane and in the sinuses.
Sprays mucolytics - (Sinuforte, Rinofluimucil) are used to thin mucus and facilitate its removal from the sinuses.
Moisturizing sprays - (Salin, Aqua-Maris) moisturize the mucous membrane, cleanse it of microorganisms, and help strengthen local immunity.
Vasoconstrictor drops and sprays - (Naphthyzin, Farmazolin, Knoxprey). Narrow blood vessels, reducing swelling of the mucosa, restore nasal breathing. Drops reduce swelling of the tissues of the nose, increasing the lumen through which air passes.

Surgical treatment of deviated nasal septum in children. In childhood, they try to avoid surgery, fearing that it may affect the formation of the nose in the future. Doctors recommend postponing surgery until the age of 15-16. The earliest age of patients is 6 years. Surgery is resorted to when it is not possible to restore nasal breathing by other methods.

The operation is preceded by a thorough examination, blood and urine tests, X-ray or tomography, endoscopic examination, cardiography.

Choice of anesthesia depends on the age of the child and the extent of the operation. As a rule, children under 5 years of age need general anesthesia. For children of school age, the operation is performed under local anesthesia.

essence of the operation. The surgeon makes an incision inside the nose. On the one hand, it separates the mucous sheet from the cartilage. The cartilage itself is then separated from the bone and adjusted. If necessary, bone defects are corrected: spikes, growths, bone ridges, and a space is formed for cartilage installation. In conclusion, the surgeon returns the cartilage, perichondrium and mucous membrane to its place, after which it sutures the wound.

In some cases, when the cartilaginous part of the septum is thinned and unable to support the shape of the nose, there is a risk of subsidence of the nose or drooping of its tip. In this case, cartilage fragments are attached to a special polydioxane mesh, which serves as a support for them. The mesh is not felt by the patient and dissolves on its own after about a year. During this time, the cartilaginous septum restores its density and can independently maintain the shape of the nose.

The procedure itself lasts 30-45 minutes. It is quite unpleasant, but painless due to anesthesia. After the operation, you will have to spend 1-2 days in the hospital. At this time, the medical staff should make sure that the recovery is going according to plan, and there is no risk of complications.

Laser treatment of deviated septum. Due to the fact that in children the curvature mainly occurs in the cartilaginous part, the best option is endoscopic laser surgery. They are practically bloodless and less traumatic. The laser heats the cartilage to a temperature of 70 degrees, after which the cartilage becomes plastic, and it is aligned. Special tampons are inserted into the nasal passages, which give the septum the correct shape. However, this treatment has been practiced for only a few years, so there is no data on how heating can affect the condition of the cartilage in the future.

Another option for laser plastic surgery is a traditional operation, which is performed using a laser scalpel. This reduces blood loss and minimizes the risk of developing infectious complications. In addition, the laser tool damages nerve fibers less, so the child suffers less pain in the postoperative period.

Laser surgeries have a significant drawback - they are performed only in large medical centers and their cost often exceeds $1,000.

What is the cost of surgery for deviated septum?

The operation to straighten the nasal septum can be done for free. To do this, you need to contact the clinic at the place of residence, where the doctor will give a referral to the hospital. In the ENT department, you will be put on a waiting list and after the examination, the operation will be performed free of charge, within the framework of compulsory medical insurance (compulsory health insurance). However, in this case, there may be costs for anesthesia and medicines necessary for the operation. Both highly experienced and highly qualified surgeons and novice doctors work in city and district hospitals. This must be taken into account when choosing a specialist who will perform the operation, since the result of treatment largely depends on the work of the surgeon.

In private ENT clinics and medical centers where highly qualified specialists operate (surgeons of the highest category and professors), the price of surgery for deviated nasal septum depends on the qualifications of the doctor. So, the operation, together with a preliminary examination, anesthesia and stay in a 1-2-bed ward, will cost 300-700 USD.

Price of laser surgery in private clinics it comes from 500 to 2000 USD. Laser treatment of nasal septal curvature is a bloodless and low-traumatic method, after which the patient can return to a normal lifestyle almost immediately. However, it has one significant drawback - laser septoplasty can only be used if the cause of respiratory failure is the curvature of the cartilage of the nasal septum. In adults, this happens very rarely. In them, cartilage deformations in 90% of cases are combined with bone growths, and in this case the laser will not be enough.

The cost of radio wave septoplasty comes to 1000 USD Instead of a scalpel, a high-frequency radio wave beam is used, which vaporizes soft tissue cells like a laser. The radio wave scalpel coagulates the vessels, preventing bleeding and has a bactericidal effect. According to the method, this intervention is no different from a traditional operation, and the same surgical instruments are used to correct cartilage and bone.

Aesthetic correction deviated nasal septum (rhinoplasty) costs from 600 to 4000 USD, depending on the clinic and the extent of the operation. Plastic surgeries are not included in the list of CHI, so they are paid in all medical institutions.

How does it feel after surgery for a deviated nasal septum?

The patient's feelings after surgery on a deviated nasal septum depend on the drugs that were used for anesthesia and the degree of intervention. So, a person who had the cartilaginous part of the septum corrected under local anesthesia will endure the postoperative period much easier than a patient who had to undergo surgery on the bone structures of the nose under anesthesia.

When to see a doctor:

rebleeding;
severe pain in the nose 5-7 days after surgery;
temperature rise;
purulent discharge from the nose.

Tell your doctor about all health problems - this will help you take timely measures and prevent possible complications.

A deviated septum is a deviation in which the septum moves to one or both sides of the nasal midline. Deviated septum, the symptoms of which give a better idea of what this condition is, is quite common, moreover, its perfectly even parameters are extremely rare. This, in turn, allows us to assert that, up to certain manifestations, the deformation does not belong to the category of pathologies.

general description

Considering that from the above-mentioned feature, on the basis of which the curvature of the nasal septum can be considered practically as a normal condition, the treatment of such a deformation is simply not necessary, again, in most cases. Meanwhile, as you know, there are exceptions to all the rules, and in this case, the exceptions are in such an influence of the altered state of the nasal septum, in which treatment is simply indispensable. This is due, in particular, to a number of factors that negatively affect the quality of life of the patient and his general well-being. It is these factors and symptoms, in which it becomes clear that there is a specific problem associated specifically with the state of interest to us, will be discussed in our article.

So, to begin with, let's dwell on what the nasal septum is, what the functions of the nose are, and what, in fact, the functions of the nasal septum that interests us are. The nasal septum is an anatomical formation, concentrated in the very middle of the nasal cavity, it is it that ensures its division into two identical parts, the left and, accordingly, the right. The nasal septum itself also has its own structure. So, it similarly includes two parts, one of these parts is concentrated in the nasal cavity (in its very depths), that is, behind, the other part is concentrated in front. The part located in front is a cartilaginous structure, when carried along the back of the nose with a finger, it can be easily felt, thereby determining its pliability and elasticity. The cartilaginous part is most often affected when it is injured.

The nasal cavity itself is the initial section in our respiratory system. When air enters the nasal cavity, it ends up in the nasopharynx, then goes to the larynx, followed by the trachea and, accordingly, into the bronchial system. The further path of air continues to the pulmonary alveoli, in which processes are carried out that are directly related to gas exchange, in which, as the reader probably knows, air with blood is involved.

Returning to a more detailed structure of the nose, let's highlight its main departments:

nostrils - are inlets that allow oxygen to pass directly into the nasal cavity;
nasal cavity: initial department - this department is a space divided in two, this division, as already noted, is carried out due to the nasal septum, located here in a vertical position;
nasal passages - they are concentrated from the initial section in the nasal cavity posteriorly, are divided into upper, middle and lower nasal passages, they are limited to the lower, middle and upper nasal concha in the same order as their location;
choanae - are two such openings, due to which the communication of the nasal cavity with the nasopharynx is provided.

The nasal cavity also consists of several types of walls, we list them below:

anteroposterior wall - this wall is formed by nasal cartilage and skull bones (nasal bones and process in the region of the upper jaw);
lower wall - this wall is the bottom of the nasal cavity, it is formed due to the soft palate and palatine processes in the region of the upper jaw (bone / hard palate);
lateral walls - such walls are formed for the most part due to the ethmoid bone;
nasal septum - due to it, the nasal cavity is divided in half, from the front it is formed by cartilage, from the back by the vomer.

The inner surface of the nose is lined with mucous, which, in turn, is subject to an abundant blood supply, in addition, it also releases a significant amount of mucous discharge. Nerve receptors, which have a significant degree of sensitivity, are concentrated on the side of the upper nasal passage, it is this area that is olfactory.

In the structure of the nose, there are also nasal conchas. They are bone formations concentrated from the back of the nasal cavity, they also divide the nasal cavity into nasal passages (lower, middle, upper). The lower shell is a small and independent bone, the middle and upper ones look like processes emanating from the ethmoid bone.

The communication of the nasal passages occurs with the paranasal sinuses. So, the upper nasal passage is directly connected with the sinus, concentrated in the region of the sphenoid bone and with the posterior sinuses, concentrated in the region of the ethmoid bone. The communication of the middle nasal passage occurs with the middle and anterior ethmoid sinuses, as well as with the sinuses concentrated in the maxillary bones - this is nothing more than the maxillary sinuses.

The ethmoid bone has many small-sized cavities in the form of sinuses (anterior sinuses, middle and anterior sinuses). The sphenoid bone, which we single out in the text, is located directly at the base of the skull; it is practically not visible from the outside. The body of this bone resembles a cube with "wings" extending to the sides. In the very body of this bone there is an air cavity, which acts as the sphenoid sinus.

Now let's dwell on what functions the nose and nasal sinus perform, which is directly related to it. In particular, the functions of the nose include the following:

conducting air to the nasopharynx and larynx;
providing humidification of the incoming air due to the secretion of glands concentrated in the nasal mucosa;
heating the air flow - this function is assigned to the venous plexus, concentrated in the area under the mucosa;
providing protection for the respiratory tract, which they require against the background of exposure to various forms of mechanical irritants (mucus and hairs in the nasal cavity ensure the retention of dust particles and their subsequent removal to the outside);
providing protection against infectious effects (again, nasal mucus ensures the retention of various pathogens and their subsequent removal from the nasal cavity, in addition, this mucus also has bactericidal properties);
odor perception (this function is provided by the corresponding (olfactory) cavity).

With regard to the function assigned to the nasal septum, it in particular consists in ensuring the correct distribution of air flows for both halves of the nasal cavity. In other words, the nasal septum separates the air we inhale into two identical streams, which, in turn, provides the possibility of a linear movement of these streams through the respiratory tract. Due to this separation, the nasal cavity functions under optimal conditions for this (that is, with warmed, cleaned and humidified air entering it). Similarly, it can be understood that the deformation of the nasal septum causes a violation of these functions.

Remarkably, in newborn children, the nasal septum is in that ideal state in which in other cases it is considered something of a kind of fantasy - that is, it is both even and straight. It is still difficult to distinguish where the cartilage is located, where the bone tissue is in it, because it almost completely looks like cartilage with only a few areas of ossification. Over time, there is a transformation into bones, which is also accompanied by their splicing with each other. As a result of the violations that accompany these processes, the nasal septum begins to curve. In some cases, it is difficult to establish the initial reasons for such changes.

When identifying the age group with this pathological change, it can be noted that the curvature of the nasal septum is diagnosed extremely rarely in early childhood, mainly the period of deformity development occurs at the age of 13-18 years. According to some data, it is also known that in men, a curvature of the nasal septum is diagnosed three times more often than in women.

Features of the pathogenesis of the curvature of the nasal septum

Most often, the curvature of the nasal septum is accompanied by a disorder of nasal breathing, which may be associated with a violation against the background of deformation, both on one side of the nasal passages, and on both at the same time. Such a violation is caused not only by the narrowing of the nasal cavities that has developed as a result of the curvature, but also by the fact that the air flow does not pass correctly, its turbulence is formed and areas with low pressure are formed.

Due to pathological impulses following from the mucosal receptors towards the central nervous system, a response occurs to the nasal vasomotors, the correct blood circulation is therefore subject to disruption, the nasal conchas swell, the nasal lumen narrows. It is also a well-known fact that during normally occurring processes during inhalation, the air current, in accordance with physical laws, does not follow along the lower nasal passage, along the shortest path for this, but in an arcuate manner, that is, at first it rises high up to the area of the middle shell , even higher, and finally follows down to the choanal region. When exhaling, the current follows along the lower nasal passage.

Taking into account such ways of air movement and breathing patterns, with narrowing of the nasal lumen against the background of a curvature of the septum, the middle sections of the nose, provided that the lower section is free, the forced direction of the air flow during inhalation along an unusual channel is caused, that is, the air flow is directed through the lower nasal passage. Similar difficulties arise when the region of the lower nasal passage is narrowed on exhalation. Given this, provided that the middle or lower nasal passage is free, the possibility of developing a nasal breathing disorder is also excluded.

It should be noted that the disorder of nasal breathing is also caused by the relationship of the curvature of the septum and shells. It is known that the curvature of the septum is often accompanied by thickening (hypertrophy) of the shells, which is defined as compensatory hypertrophy, in addition, hyperplasia of the ethmoid labyrinth develops. Sometimes the curvature of the nasal septum is accompanied by hypertrophy of the shells from the posterior ends, mainly the lower ones, this is already detected with the appropriate diagnostic method (this is rhinoscopy).

The changes listed above explain the fact that the curvature of the septum to one of the sides leads to difficulty in breathing on both sides at once, moreover, sometimes patients even complain that breathing is more difficult not from the side of the overlap of the septum, but from the side of its concavity.

It is noteworthy that in frequent cases it happens that the deviated septum diagnosed in youth manifests itself as the corresponding clinical symptoms much later, sometimes it even happens that such symptoms appear already in old age. This is due to the addition of certain diseases of the nose, its paranasal sinuses and the general type of concomitant disorders (disturbances in the functioning of the lungs, disorders of the cardiovascular system, etc.), against the background of which it is increasingly difficult for the patient to overcome resistance from the nasal passages that have undergone narrowing.

Septal curvature can also cause the development of reflex neuroses in patients, caused by irritation of the nerve endings of the nasal mucosa. This is especially true of the spines and ridges, which in some cases cut quite deeply into the shells. Irritations can provoke reflex changes, both in the nose and in neighboring or distant organs. Rhinogenic reflex disorders, that is, disorders of the indicated nature of occurrence, consist in the development of bronchial asthma, eye diseases, laryngeal spasms, headaches and other conditions (we will highlight them in more detail below, in the corresponding section of our article).

Deviated septum: causes

One of the main reasons that provokes the curvature of the nasal septum is trauma to the nose. The frequency of occurrence of this deformation in men only confirms this fact, because men (in particular boys, adolescents, young people) are many times more likely to experience injury in this area compared to women. Even more rare is the variant in which the cause of the curvature of the nasal septum lies in the overdeveloped rudiment of the Jacobson's organ, located in the region of the anterior-lower part of the nasal septum.

In general, there are three types of causes that provoke the curvature of the nasal septum:

Physiological distortion. This type of septal curvature is mostly found in children and adolescents. Such a curvature is caused by a factor of discrepancy between the cartilaginous and bone parts of the nasal septum.
compensatory curvature. This type of curvature develops due to long-term irritation of the nasal septum due to a foreign body, a polyp formed in the nasal cavity, the impact of a thickened nasal concha, etc.
Traumatic curvature. This type of curvature, as the name implies, is caused by an injury that provoked nosebleeds and a sudden disruption of nasal breathing. In frequent cases, the curvature of the nasal septum is preceded by a fracture of the nose.

Deviated septum: types

There are the following main types of curvature:

direct curvature of the nasal septum;
crest;
mixed curvature, combining 2 or 3 of the listed variants of curvature.

Actually, the curvature of the nasal septum can manifest itself in the following varieties:

curvature in the horizontal plane or in the vertical plane;
unilateral curvature or bilateral curvature;
curvature localized from the front of the septum or curvature localized from the back;
a curvature in which a certain section of the septum is captured (for example, dislocation of the cartilage with its separation from the bone), with the capture of the vertical plate of the ethmoid bone region (with the formation of the anterior part of the bony section of the septum), with the capture of the vomer (with the formation of the back of the septum).

Mostly, such curvature of the nasal septum is diagnosed, in which it is concentrated from the front. The capture of the opener, which is localized behind, occurs less frequently. Almost always, its rear edge is in a vertically precise position. Spikes and ridges, as a rule, are located from the lower or upper edge of the coulter, they can have a different direction and different lengths. Mostly the basis of the ridges and spikes is bone tissue, in some cases, cartilage may be at the base of their top.

Deviated septum: symptoms

In one way or another, the symptoms of a curvature of the nasal septum are manifested in almost all people. Meanwhile, for most of them, these symptoms do not bring any discomfort or discomfort, and therefore special treatment is not required to eliminate such a deformity.
Let's single out those main symptoms of a curvature of the nasal septum, which most often disturb patients.

Difficulty in nasal breathing. This symptom in the consideration of the deformation we are considering is practically its main manifestation. The degree of manifestation of it can be different, ranging from a slight violation of breathing and ending with the absolute impossibility of breathing through the nose (that is, the patient in this case breathes only through the mouth). Meanwhile, despite the fact that this symptom is the main manifestation of the curvature of the nasal septum, this does not at all indicate that its absence excludes the curvature. Here, as already noted, a pattern of the development of the disease may appear after some time, that is, when diagnosed in youth, symptoms are noted at a later age, which is determined by the compensatory abilities of the body until a certain time. There are no complaints about difficulty in nasal breathing during this period. In general, respiratory failure can either be moderate or completely absent (which we have already identified, the patient breathes through the mouth). It should be noted that if a person has a large nasal cavity, then even a pronounced curvature of the nasal septum may be accompanied by the absence of a symptom in the form of a violation of nasal breathing - this feature allows you to compensate for the permeability of air passing through the nasal cavity when breathing. In other words, if the nose breathes well, this does not at all indicate the absence of a curvature of the nasal septum as such.
Chronic runny nose (rhinitis). In this case, patients are worried about a constantly stuffy nose, which is also accompanied by constant mucous discharge. In some cases, this is accompanied by a complete disregard by the patient of the need to visit a doctor, which he writes off, in particular, for frequent colds and weak immunity.
Chronic sinusitis, sinusitis, ethmoiditis.
Snore. Night snoring (and snoring in general) is also one of the nasal breathing disorders.
Allergic reactions. Those changes that are relevant for the nasal cavity against the background of the condition caused by the curvature of the nasal septum are in any case associated with a violation of the immune system, as well as with a violation of the functions of local defense mechanisms. The manifestations caused by this factor are not only a decrease in the overall resistance of the body to the effects of infections on it, but also in the development of allergic reactions in patients. A fairly common problem among patients with a deviated nasal septum is allergic rhinitis, and in itself it is pre-asthma - that is, a condition that precedes the development of bronchial asthma in the future. First of all, complaints about nasal congestion appear, and the patient himself notes that this is accompanied by contact with a certain substance, already considered as an allergen (pollen, animal hair, etc.).
Dryness of the nasal cavity.
Decreased performance, increased fatigue, low resistance to any type of physical activity. The listed symptoms are directly related to the dysfunction of nasal breathing, as well as to the accompanying insufficient supply of oxygen to the blood through the lungs.
Susceptibility to infection. Infections manifest themselves with symptoms inherent in acute respiratory infections (cough, runny nose, fever, sneezing).
Violation of thinking, memory, absent-mindedness. There is also a connection with the insufficient supply of oxygen to the blood, which subsequently affects the functions of the brain and central nervous system.
Symptoms accompanying the inflammatory process in the middle ear (hearing loss, pain).
Symptoms accompanying the chronic course of the inflammatory process in the larynx and pharynx (cough, dry throat, sore throat, sore throat).
epileptic seizures. This manifestation accompanies a severe form of deviated nasal septum; as additional manifestations, pain in the heart, blurred vision, shortness of breath, high blood pressure, etc. can be added to convulsive seizures.
Changing the shape of the nose. Traumatic curvature of the nasal septum (cartilage fracture, dislocation) is accompanied by a change in the shape of the nose itself, the displacement, as is clear, occurs to the left or right. This, as already noted, may be accompanied by a fracture of the bones of the nose. Without adequate treatment for these types of conditions, cartilage fusion does not work as it should.

The curvature of the nasal septum in children also has some features. So, it can be either congenital or acquired, that is, it develops in the process of labor, after it. The main signs, on the basis of which we can assume the relevance of the curvature of the nasal septum in this case, are breathing through the mouth (the mouth is constantly ajar), frequent detection of rhinitis, frequent nosebleeds, snoring during sleep. In addition to the curvature of the nasal septum, based on the manifestation of the listed symptoms, one can also assume the relevance of adenoids in a child.

Deviated septum: comorbidities

Complications of the curvature of the nasal septum can be quite diverse. For example, it has been proven that a violation of nasal breathing causes the development of changes in the blood and in the vascular system of the body, in the genital area. In addition, the patient's body becomes more prone to hypothermia and various kinds of influences from the external environment and negative factors in it in particular.

Now let's dwell on those disorders that occur with changes provoked by the curvature of the nasal septum, and let's start with the most basic part of the symptoms, that is, with difficulty in nasal breathing. Among the pathological mechanisms that provoke a violation of nasal breathing against the background of a curvature of the nasal septum, we highlight the following:

Change in the nasal passage (its narrowing) from the side of the area where the septum has a convex shape. Due to the reduction of space on one of the sides, it leads to corresponding difficulties accompanying the passage of air, which, as already noted, can make it completely impossible to breathe through the nostrils on this side.
The development of disorders associated with the dynamics of air directly inside the nasal cavity. Normal breathing is accompanied by a rise in air during inhalation upwards with its subsequent passage along the middle nasal passage, as well as along the upper passage (partially). When exhaling, the air is directed, again, normally, to the lower nasal passage. If the septum is curved, then the air flow, respectively, is disturbed, which is why breathing is disturbed in one of the nasal passages. This feature is relevant even if the lumen on the same side of the other two nasal passages is in a normal state.
Narrowing of the space of the nasal passage, as well as a violation of nasal breathing on the side in which concavity has formed against the background of deformation of the nasal septum. Here, which has also already been noted, the symptoms can manifest themselves in an even more pronounced form than from the side of the bulge formed against the background of deformation. The expansion of the nasal passage leads to the development of compensatory growth of the turbinates, which over time become so large that they cause the corresponding difficulties in breathing.
The development of a reaction from the nerve endings in the nasal mucosa. The air flow in the absence of any pathologies and changes in the nasal cavity is uniform in itself, but if we are talking about the curvature of the nasal septum, then the formation of turbulences is already accompanied by the passage of air. Because of them, nerve endings are subject to irritation - receptors concentrated in the nasal mucosa. This, in turn, causes the formation of an appropriate protective reaction, which consists in the expansion of the vessels of the mucosa, the development of puffiness in it and the appearance of mucus in significant volumes.
Suction to the nasal septum of the wing of the nose. This feature is manifested quite often as a result of the curvature of the nasal septum from the side of its anterior part. Due to the dense and constant adjoining of the wing of the nose to the nasal septum, the passage of air is significantly hindered.

Changes in the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity against the background of the curvature of the nasal septum

A number of changes also occur in the nasal mucosa, we will dwell on them in more detail. So, for example, in the normal state of the nasal cavity of the mucosa, a certain amount of mucus is produced in it, due to which, in turn, humidification of the air is provided, as well as the performance of protective functions. The surface of the epithelial cells has cilia, which, in turn, are in constant motion, due to which dust and various small particles are retained when they are subsequently removed from the nose.

The turbulences of the air flow that occur during the curvature of the nasal septum lead to the fact that this flow in a certain part of the nasal cavity begins to constantly hit the mucous membrane. In this area, its thickening subsequently occurs, which is accompanied by the loss of cilia by epithelial cells. This, as the reader can understand, leads to a violation of the protective functions, as well as to the fact that the process of cleaning from dust and small particles of the mucosa is also disrupted. The mucus, when excreted, begins to dry out, which is why crusts form. Thus, the nasal mucosa becomes more vulnerable to exposure to various microorganisms. At the same time, rhinitis develops - a condition that manifests itself in the form of constant nasal congestion and runny nose.

The development of oxygen starvation in tissues and organs against the background of the curvature of the nasal septum

It is from the normal course of the processes accompanying nasal breathing that it depends on whether a sufficient amount of oxygen will enter the lungs, and then into the blood. If the nasal septum is curved, then there is a violation of gas exchange in the alveoli of the lungs, which, in turn, leads to the development of a general form of oxygen starvation, which affects the whole body.

Deviated septum: mouth breathing and its accompanying shortcomings

As you know, nasal breathing is the only normal form of breathing. If nasal breathing is disturbed, which is relevant for the altered state of the nasal septum against the background of curvature, then another, compensatory form of it is activated - oral breathing. Considering that in itself it is no longer normal, then, as you can understand, it also has a number of corresponding shortcomings, we will highlight them below:

When breathing through the mouth, the lungs receive air that has not gone through the “procedure” of warming and moistening it, as happens when breathing through the nose. This, in turn, excludes sufficient efficiency of gas exchange in the pulmonary alveoli as such. As a result, the blood is insufficiently saturated with oxygen, which is why the whole organism “suffers” in the future.
Mouth breathing is accompanied by a "turn off" of those protective functions that are reserved for the nasal cavity and for the mucus in it in particular. This, in turn, dictates an increased risk of systemic development of respiratory infections for a patient with a deviated nasal septum and mouth breathing.
The development of adenoiditis is another risk that is relevant for patients with mouth breathing. This disease is accompanied by inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsils.

Deviated septum: nerve disorders

Due to the curvature of the nasal septum, the nasal mucosa is in a constantly irritated state, which, in turn, leads to complications of the reflex nature of the occurrence, and some of them may even seem somewhat unexpected to the reader. We highlight these violations below:

Headache;
reflex cough, sneezing;
Spasms of the larynx (this kind of condition manifests itself in the form of short-term attacks of suffocation);
Bronchial asthma (a disease in one of its varieties can manifest itself precisely because of a neuropsychic imbalance that is relevant for the patient);
epileptic seizures;
Dysmenorrhea (this disorder is relevant for women, it consists in a violation of the duration and frequency of menstruation);
Violations associated with vision, as well as disorders associated with the work of the heart and other internal organs.

Deviated septum: violations relevant to neighboring organs

We will also dwell on violations associated with neighboring organs in a little more detail below.

Ears. In particular, in this case, there are violations that manifest themselves in the region of the middle ear and Eustachian tube. When considering the location of the nasal cavity, it can be seen that it passes to the nasopharynx, and its mucous membrane, in turn, has the pharyngeal openings of the Eustachian (auditory) tubes on the left and right sides. The Eustachian tube connects the nasopharynx and the middle ear cavity. The middle ear cavity is the tympanic cavity, which includes the auditory bones such as the malleus, stirrup, and incus. Against the background of chronic inflammation that develops when the nasal septum is deviated, mucus, as well as those infectious agents that have not been removed from the nasal cavity due to corresponding disturbances in the functioning of the receptors, can easily end up in the auditory tube and in the tympanic cavity.
Nose. In this case, the indicated area of the lesion undergoes the development of an inflammatory process in it in the region of the paranasal sinuses, this pathology has the corresponding name, most likely known to the reader -. In the context of considering the connection between inflammatory processes from the side of the paranasal sinuses and the curvature of the nasal septum, it can be indicated that it is scientifically proven. Patients in whom such a relationship is revealed quite often suffer from the development of (a disease accompanied by inflammation of the frontal sinus region) and (a disease accompanied by inflammation of the mucous membrane of the maxillary (intramaxillary) sinus).
Eyes. On this point, in particular, the lacrimal sac and lacrimal ducts “suffer”. Formed due to the functions of the lacrimal glands, the tear in the normal state is directed through the nasolacrimal canal to the nasal cavity. With a pathological curvature of the nasal septum, such a channel can act as a path through which the infection will spread.

Diagnosis

A doctor can often diagnose a deviated septum only on the basis of an external examination. Here, in particular, they detect scoliosis of the nose, as well as displacement of the tip. Meanwhile, rhinoscopy is considered as the main diagnostic method. As part of its implementation with a curved septum, asymmetry is especially distinguished in the comparison of the nasal cavities, in which one of the halves of the nasal cavity along its entire length or in a specific part of it has a greater width than in a similar section of the other nasal cavity. In addition, on one side, as part of this diagnostic method, the nasal conchas are clearly visible, while on the other side they are either worse or not visible at all.

A detailed examination, as well as an accurate determination of the localization of protrusions and bends in the nasal septum, including the features of their nature, is carried out with a thorough re-lubrication of the nasal septum and shell using a solution of cocaine (5%) in combination with adrenaline. Only on the basis of the implementation of this measure, one can subsequently get an idea about the configuration features of the septum and lateral nasal walls, after which the issue of the need for surgical intervention can already be resolved.

Rhinoscopy can be anterior and posterior; with anterior rhinoscopy, it is advisable to supplement it with posterior rhinoscopy, due to which the features of the bends located in the vomer region (from the side of its posterior section) can be determined, and hypertrophy of the shells (their posterior ends) and mucous membranes are also revealed.

Carrying out an X-ray examination is uninformative in terms of deformation of the nasal septum. Meanwhile, it may be needed if there is a need to determine the state relevant for the area of the paranasal sinuses.

Treatment

Given that the deviated septum is a purely anatomical pathology, any type of conservative methods of influence (the use of tablets, vasoconstrictor drugs and drops, breathing exercises, folk remedies, etc.) determine insignificant effectiveness in improving the condition of patients, and in some cases even its complete absence. Therefore, the manifestation of symptoms associated with the condition of a deviated nasal septum requires surgical treatment. Endoscopic septoplasty is considered as the main method of such an impact.

Such an operation does not require any incisions on the face, and the external shape of the nose is not subject to changes during its implementation - the effect is through the nostril, with a dissection of the mucous membrane, with its subsequent separation from the nasal septum, plastic surgery and suturing. The duration of septoplasty is about half an hour to an hour of time; general or local form of anesthesia can be used for it. The completion of the operation is accompanied by the installation of silicone plates (splints) in the patient's nasal cavity, as well as gauze swabs, they are removed the very next day after the operation.

Based on this, it can be understood that in a hospital for an operation to correct the curvature of the nasal septum, you will need to spend a day. Within five to seven days from the date of the operation, you will additionally need to visit a doctor for special dressings, due to which the possibility of accelerating healing is allowed, and the formation of adhesions is also prevented.

Septoplasty can also be performed using a laser, this method of exposure is modern and has a number of advantages. Among the latter, we can designate the minimum degree of trauma, the minimum degree of blood loss, as well as the antiseptic effect provided by the laser, and the minimum of rehabilitation measures within the postoperative period. As the main disadvantage that the laser exposure method has, it can be distinguished that laser septoplasty does not eliminate all forms of deformities, this is especially true when the bone part of the nasal septum is damaged.

In general, septoplasty (in one form or another) may be accompanied by the development of a number of complications. They may include the following:

the formation of volumetric hematomas under the mucosa;
development of purulent sinusitis;
the appearance of nosebleeds;
the formation of an abscess (abscess) in the area under the mucosa;
nasal deformity (this complication is mainly accompanied by a retraction of the back of the nose due to too high a resection);
perforation of the septum (the appearance of a defect in it, a hole).

If symptoms appear that indicate a curvature of the nasal septum, it is necessary to contact an otolaryngologist; in addition, you may need to consult a plastic surgeon.