What you need to know about whooping cough in children Says the pediatrician. Symptoms of whooping cough in children under one year old and older: the first signs and methods of treatment at home Video: Whooping cough infection, symptoms, the importance of vaccination

Whooping cough is a dangerous disease that often occurs in childhood. To avoid a threat to the health and life of the child, parents must be able to identify early symptoms and signs of the disease and consult a doctor in a timely manner. Important are the preventive measures that prevent infection of the child.

What is whooping cough

Whooping cough is an infectious disease that affects the upper respiratory tract. The severe course of the disease in children under the age of six months can lead to severe complications. Whooping cough can be transmitted by sneezing, coughing, talking, the causative agent is a stick - Bordetella pertussis. A special analysis will help to identify it. During its life cycle, it releases a special toxin into the blood. It irritates the mucous membranes of the bronchi and larynx, causing a barking, dry, catarrhal cough. Outside the body, the bacterium quickly dies.

Outbreaks of the disease are observed in autumn and winter. The disease is transmitted only through direct contact, you can get infected through coughing. Once in the respiratory tract, covered with ciliated epithelium, the bacterium begins to multiply rapidly on the mucous membranes of the bronchi, lungs and larynx. It is very important to diagnose whooping cough in children in time - symptoms and treatment can be individual.

Humans have no immunity to this disease. Even after a person has been ill with whooping cough, antibodies remain in the body for only 5 years. Immunity is not lifelong, there is a risk of reinfection. Vaccination is a good protective measure against the spread of whooping cough. When a vaccinated person is infected, the disease proceeds in an erased form and the risk of death is significantly reduced. On average, the resolution period is 95 - 120 days, for this reason the disease is sometimes also called the "hundred-day cough".

Whooping cough - symptoms in children

The most characteristic symptom is the appearance of an unproductive, spasmodic cough, which has the character of an attack. The incubation period of the disease is from 7 to 30 days. The symptoms of whooping cough in a child develop gradually and at the initial stage are very similar to the manifestations of acute respiratory infections. Parents, unaware of the diagnosis, continue to take the baby to the garden, but the first 5-12 days the child's cough is contagious, and the virus is quickly transmitted to others.

The disease is especially dangerous in children up to a year. If a baby under the age of six months falls ill, he is subject to immediate hospitalization. Adults rarely get sick with a "hundred-day cough". At risk are infants, children from one to five years old and adolescents. In order to recognize the disease in time, you need to know how whooping cough manifests itself in children. When whooping cough starts, the symptoms are the same as with a cold:

• The patient complains of chills, muscle and headache, general weakness.
• There is swelling of the mucosa and the appearance of a slight runny nose.
• Zev has a red color, the skin is pale.
• The temperature rises, tachycardia appears - a rapid heartbeat.
• A person becomes lethargic, appetite disappears.

As the disease progresses, the paroxysmal stage begins. Dry cough, spasmodic form joins. It is not treatable with antitussives. You need to know how to distinguish the signs of whooping cough in a child from a common cold in order to start targeted treatment on time.

Temperature

A characteristic feature of this insidious disease is the presence of a low temperature. This is the first sure sign of a dangerous disease. The temperature in whooping cough rarely reaches 38 ° C and never rises above. If you see a number greater than 38 on the thermometer, this is not contagious whooping cough, but a common cold, bronchitis or pneumonia. But only a doctor makes an accurate diagnosis.

Cough

How to identify whooping cough in a child - by the presence of a characteristic cough. It begins to appear only two weeks after the onset of the first symptoms. Cough gradually increases, becomes more intense and frequent. Seizures are especially frequent at night, they interfere with the child's sleep, cause hypoxia. The attack consists of several cough shocks and a long whistling breath. There can be from 3 to 45 such cases per day, they end with the release of a small amount of glassy sputum or vomiting.

Dangerous cough for babies. In children of 6 months during an attack, respiratory arrest is possible, which can even lead to death. It is very important that during the illness the baby is in a medical facility where he can be helped immediately. Such severe attacks of coughing cause hemorrhages on the mucous membranes. Capillaries burst in the eyes, on the baby's neck, hematomas occur.

Treatment of whooping cough in children

Parapertussis does not cause a large percentage of mortality and severe consequences in children, only due to mandatory vaccinations and the introduction of quarantine in children's institutions. After diagnosing the disease, the doctor prescribes therapy. The following medicines are used for treatment:

• antitussive drugs of central action based on codeine;
• antibiotics;
• prebiotics and probiotics;
• vitamins;
• expectorants and mucolytics;
• antihistamines.

How to treat whooping cough, and what drugs to take - only the attending physician decides. The task of parents is to ensure proper care for the baby and timely medication in the required dosage. It is very important! But parents, too, can contribute to a speedy recovery. In the fight against infection, walks, bright picture books, toys, fun, everything that can distract the baby, are very effective.

Antibiotics

Antibiotics are widely used to treat whooping cough in children. The earlier the disease is diagnosed, the more effective antibiotic therapy will be. When the child is in the hospital, intramuscular injection of ceftriaxone is effective. During home quarantine, antibiotics are prescribed in the form of syrups. The most effective of them are based on amoxicillin, azithromycin or 2-3 generation cephalosporins. The course can last 5-10 days.

Treatment of whooping cough in children at home

If the child is more than a year old or the disease is not severe, whooping cough in children can be treated at home. Infants or children with a severe course of the disease are determined in the hospital. First of all, you need to provide the patient with fresh air and optimal humidity (40-60%) in the room. If the weather is good outside and the baby is no longer contagious, walk a lot. Stick to your doctor's orders - this is very important. In this state, any nervous shocks are contraindicated. Respond calmly to coughing. Increase the influx of positive emotions - offer a game, entertain the baby.

Folk remedies

Folk remedies for whooping cough in children can effectively deal with symptoms, reduce the duration and cure the disease:

• Variations of warm milk with cocoa butter, butter, honey can alleviate a cough well.
• Rub the chest with badger or goat fat - this will restore microcirculation in the bronchial area.
• Give the patient a back massage, this contributes to the effective discharge of sputum.
• It is useful to carry out inhalation using a nebulizer or a warm-moist way.
• Let the baby breathe over potatoes, a decoction of eucalyptus, calendula.
• For internal use, you can brew linden, chamomile, plantain - these herbs contribute to the rapid removal of toxins from the body.

Video

Attention! The information presented in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and give recommendations for treatment based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

Whooping cough is included in the list of dangerous childhood diseases is not accidental, because still more than a million children die from an insidious disease every year. The worst thing is that a disease that can be cured with a common antibiotic turns out to be fatal for newborns and babies under the age of one. The sad statistics is due to the fact that the disease is difficult to detect at its early stage, which is why complete information about the disease is so important for parents. How the disease begins, what symptoms makes itself felt, what helps to cure it, and what is the prevention of a dangerous disease - the current topics of our review.

General information about whooping cough

The disease is provoked by a bacterium with the Latin name Bordetella pertussis, which has a specific effect. Whooping cough is transmitted by airborne droplets through coughing in close contact with a sick person and refers to childhood diseases, however, there have been cases of infection with the disease among the adult population - often it is an adult who becomes the culprit in infecting a child with whooping cough.

How long does it take for an infection to hit the body? Whooping cough has a short lifespan and can only be passed on to another person from a short distance. Close contact, unfortunately, guarantees 100% infection.

If the baby is contagious, but no one knows about it yet, and the child continues to attend kindergarten, then he will easily provoke whooping cough in children from his group. Unvaccinated children are especially at risk.

Getting into the bronchi and trachea, Bordetella pertussis clings with its villi to the ciliated epithelium of these organs and begins its harmful effect. The cough center, located in the brain, is constantly irritated, the amount of viscous mucus increases. In addition, the bacterium releases toxins that continue their irritant action even after the wand itself is killed.

Doctors have established that the problem of a long cure for the disease is not in the infection of the respiratory organs, but in the irritating effect of the cough center. With such a clinical picture, the methods of treating a viral type of cough and its whooping cough counterpart are fundamentally different. An illness in an acute infectious form is difficult, poses a particular danger to the health of newborns and babies up to a year old. A serious picture of the disease emerges in unvaccinated children. When the body is not ready or it has nothing to oppose an insidious infection, the disease can last up to 3 months.

What are the symptoms of whooping cough?

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The incubation period of the disease is 7-14 days - the period during which the whooping cough bacterium colonizes the mucous membrane of the respiratory organs, begins to multiply and provokes the supply of irritating signals to the brain. The cough center responds to irritation with the strongest bouts of coughing, lasting about 3 months. Doctors call whooping cough the "hundred-day cough."

Associated symptoms

Since the disease is infectious in nature, it is not expressed by one cough. The disease is accompanied by other symptoms:

• temperature rise to 38 degrees;
• mild sore throat;
• runny nose;
• dry cough.

The symptoms are very similar to a cold, so a pediatrician's consultation is necessary. Diagnosis is based on the examination of the child, tests, the nature of the cough, which show the doctor a clear picture, as a result, he will be able to accurately build the treatment. Early therapeutic action is especially important for infants, who find it very difficult to endure spasmodic attacks.

Whooping cough is easily confused with the common cold, so the diagnosis should only be made by a specialist.

Specific features of whooping cough

Cough with whooping cough has specific manifestations. With each attack, you can see how the intensity of the cough increases, acquiring a spasmodic character. By the way, in vaccinated babies, the process is easier. To recognize the cause of a cough, its specific differences, shown in the video, help. An unpleasant process looks like this:

• Cough push. It is formed on exhalation, causing the child to cough violently, preventing him from taking a breath.
• Reprise - a deep breath, accompanied by a whistle. A whistling sound is formed at the time of spasm of the glottis. The narrow children's larynx contributes to the pronounced severity of the whistling sound.
• Blueness or redness of the face. It arises due to a lack of air blocked by coughing attacks: blood rushes or vice versa poorly enters the skin, the body reacts by changing their color.
• Mucus discharge or vomiting. A strong and prolonged attack of coughing ends with vomiting, along with which viscous mucus may come out.
• acute phase. It occurs after a 10-day increase in coughing attacks. For two weeks, the symptoms remain unchanged, expressed in constant bouts of coughing and general malaise. Then begins a slow mitigation and reduction in the time of attacks.

The break between attacks gives the baby a rest, and he behaves as usual: he walks, plays, communicates cheerfully. However, the number of attacks varies depending on the severity of the disease, which is clearly shown by photos of sick children. One child may cough up to 20 times a day, while another may have 40-50 attacks a day. With such intensity, the baby noticeably gets tired, his behavior changes, he becomes lethargic and irritable.

Coughing with whooping cough literally exhausts the child, but the rest of the time he can feel quite normal

What are the stages of the disease?

After classifying studies, doctors deduced and described three stages of whooping cough. Here are their detailed specifications:

1. Catarrhal. The stage is accompanied by cough, runny nose and temperature rise to 37.5-37.7 degrees (rarely). The nature of the cough is unproductive, dry, with frequent attacks. The catarrhal phase lasts up to 2-3 weeks. Symptoms are unclear, so the doctor can define it as bronchitis or acute respiratory infections. Most cases of infection occur in the catarrhal stage due to its mild course. The probability of getting infected in close contact with the patient is 100%.
2. Paroxysmal cough occurs after the symptoms of the usual acute respiratory infections disappear. Cough acquires an obsessive form, causes a spasmodic reaction. An experienced pediatrician without additional research accurately diagnoses whooping cough at this stage, but a blood test must be passed. It should be noted that at this stage, whooping cough in a vaccinated child is milder or takes a short time, during which the doctor does not have time to make a diagnosis.
3. Recovery. The period when the intensity of seizures noticeably decreases, they pass more easily, the general condition of the child improves. Treatment does not stop, but the risk of complications recedes.

What are the complications of whooping cough?

Even an experienced doctor cannot speed up the recovery process for whooping cough, but the right treatment can significantly alleviate the course of the disease and eliminate unwanted complications. The greatest danger from whooping cough threatens the smallest patients - newborns and children up to 6 months. Whooping cough can lead to respiratory arrest in infants. Pneumonia is a common consequence of whooping cough.

A rise in temperature at a certain period of the disease may indicate a deterioration in the child's condition.

Parents of a baby with whooping cough should carefully monitor his health and pay attention to the following signs:

• unexpected deterioration of the child's condition;
• rise in temperature in the 2nd week of illness;
• rapid breathing, coughing fits last longer and become more intense.

With such obvious changes in the condition of the child, especially the baby, it is necessary to immediately hospitalize him and take tests. The baby will spend a little time in the hospital, but this will be enough for the doctor to observe the acute period and, based on the blood and sputum tests obtained, stabilize the child's condition with medication.

It is important for parents not to miss the disturbing moments and to provide professional assistance to their treasure in time.

What are the treatments for whooping cough?

Most young patients with whooping cough are treated at home. The hospital is indicated for severe cases of the disease. Therapeutic measures consist of taking medications, but in the first place in the fight against the disease is to provide the child with conditions that help relieve coughing fits. Parents must:

• air the room more often and walk with the child on the street;
• maintain the level of air humidity;
• feed the baby in fractional portions, following the balance of nutrition in vitamins and other useful elements;
• protect the baby from stressful situations;
• muffle the sound, dim the light so as not to irritate the little patient;
• distract from coughing fits with a new cartoon or toy.

As you can see, the actions will not require incredible efforts from the parents, but they will make it much easier for the baby to suffer from an obsessive illness. Peace, affection, the interest of mom and dad in a speedy recovery will help your little treasure to endure coughing attacks morally more calmly. Attaching whooping cough does not give up its positions for a long time, so it is doubly important to be attentive to the physical discomforts of the child.

The use of folk remedies

Whooping cough has been known for a long time, it has sad statistics, especially in past centuries, when many babies died from the disease. Naturally, the healers of the past looked for means of dealing with it, tried to treat small patients with various herbal tinctures, decoctions, juices. We will tell you about folk remedies that have long been used to treat whooping cough. Parents can use them to mitigate seizures:

• calamus and honey;
• nettle or radish juice;
• infusion of clover;
• a mixture of ginger juice, almond oil and onion juice.

When choosing a folk remedy, make sure that your child is not allergic to it. When using inhalations with herbal ingredients, irritation from a dry cough can be reduced - the main thing is that the medicines are sprayed at high humidity (in the bathroom or using a humidifier). Well relieve cough nebulizer inhalation with mineral water.

Antibiotic treatment

The bacterial nature of whooping cough requires the mandatory use of antibiotics. Note that with the help of antibiotics, coughing attacks at the catarrhal stage of the disease are significantly stopped. Medicines help prevent the onset of a sharp exacerbation of the disease in the form of a paroxysmal cough.

Doctors note the resistance of the bacterium Bordetella pertussis to the penicillin series of antibiotics. "Augmentin", "Amoxiclav", "Flemoklav Solutab" are useless in the fight against whooping cough, it is recommended to use Erythromycin (we recommend reading:). The drug gives a quick improvement effect.

It must be borne in mind that not every antibiotic is suitable for the treatment of whooping cough.

Antibiotic treatment, started in the acute period, when the cough goes into a spasmodic phase, continues. The therapy is aimed at making the child non-infectious for other children, since antibiotics can no longer affect the cough center of the brain. The drugs are taken strictly according to the plan prescribed by the doctor: according to the exact time, period and doses. Parents should control this process, avoiding major deviations from the admission schedule.

Cough medicines

An obsessive cough gives the child physical and psychological discomfort. The kid begins to act up, refuses to eat, is afraid of the onset of coughing fits.

Antitussive drugs that suppress the cough reflex help to reduce annoying phenomena. Pharmacies offer them in a wide range. If you consider it necessary, use drugs such as Glycodin, Sinekod, Codelac Neo, Codeine, Panatus (we recommend reading:).

We draw the attention of parents that cough medicines may contain addictive narcotic components. They are potentially harmful to a small organism, can cause undesirable consequences. For infants, cough medicines are used with the permission and under the constant supervision of the local pediatrician, in limited or strictly calculated doses.

The medication must be taken under the supervision of a physician.

Mucolytics and expectorants

Indicated in the treatment of cough during viral infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, tracheitis. In whooping cough, they are prescribed to reduce complications in order to prevent the onset of pneumonia or chronic bronchitis in children and adults. They work to liquefy sputum and remove it from the respiratory system. Although they do not relieve coughing spells, they are useful in controlling whooping cough.

homeopathic therapy

Homeopathy offers its own methods of dealing with the disease, based on the use of natural ingredients. Good for vaccinated kids. In the catarrhal stage of whooping-cough, Nux vomica 3 or Pulsatilla 3 is given to the child. If a fever appears during the catarrhal period of the disease, the child can drink Aconite 3, which helps to lower the temperature, relieve headaches, remove the symptoms of irritability and a feeling of general malaise. Take the remedy 2-3 drops every 2 hours.

How to carry out prevention?

The main preventive weapon against whooping cough is the timely vaccination of the child. Dr. Komarovsky explains that the vaccine does not give a 100% guarantee against the disease, but it reduces the risks that may arise if the disease is advanced or the baby's body was weakened before the onset of the disease. The history of the disease shows that, until the invention of the vaccine, it ranked first among childhood ailments leading to death.

Many infectious diseases are dangerous because they can cause complications that spread to other organs and systems, such as whooping cough in children. Symptoms of this disease are difficult to recognize immediately, and treatment must be specific.

Whooping cough in children (symptoms and treatment are well studied in medicine) occurs due to infection by airborne droplets. Communication with an infected child is enough for this. But if the contact child has been vaccinated, then the likelihood of developing the disease is small.

The infection itself occurs when talking, coughing or sneezing. In this case, droplets of saliva are released into the surrounding space, and infectious pathogens located in the droplets of saliva - they are bordetella petrussis - are transferred over fairly long distances.

The vital activity of the pertussis pathogen irritates the cilia of the epithelium, and the brain gives a signal to cough. The "hundred-day cough" characteristic of the disease begins, which continues throughout the entire duration of this disease.

Whooping cough forms

All varieties of whooping cough can be combined into typical, antipical (erased) forms and bacteriocarrier:

In addition to those listed above, there are two more forms of the disease - erased and asymptomatic. They are antique and do not differ in pronounced features.

First signs

Whooping cough in children (symptoms and treatment are determined at diagnosis) is important to diagnose in time, because. the disease is disguised as an acute respiratory disease or a common cold.

At first they appear:

• mild discomfort,
• runny nose,
• temperature,
• headache,
• beginning cough.

This period lasts 2 weeks.

Then there are some signs that are characteristic of whooping cough:

• redness of the eyes and throat,
• sneezing,
• weak cough,
• violation of rhythmic breathing, in the form of short-term stops.

If the examination is carried out by an experienced doctor, then at this stage he will be able to make the correct diagnosis, and it will be possible to begin adequate treatment of the disease earlier. It is at this time that the disease is quickly transmitted from the patient to a healthy person.

whooping cough symptoms

Whooping cough in children - the symptoms and treatment of the child's parents should be determined first - it is especially dangerous under the age of 1 year. What are the typical symptoms for this age are listed below.

The first symptom, which is almost imperceptible, is a cough.. It becomes imperceptible because children at this age cough little, and they do not have bouts of wheezing cough. This is typical for the first stage of the development of the disease.

In the second stage of whooping cough, the child has difficulty breathing. At the same time, the general condition worsens. At the third stage, breathing may simply stop.

A runny nose is the second main symptom of whooping cough in children. But often it is simply ignored. However, a runny nose is a harbinger of a cough. Temperature- the third symptom of this dangerous disease. It rises gradually, and no medicines help bring it down. In combination with the first two symptoms, the temperature can cause dangerous complications, one of which is pneumonia.

In older children, the disease develops according to a similar scenario, there is a "hundred-day" cough. After the death of the whooping cough, recovery begins.

Periods

The typical form of whooping cough is determined by several periods of the course of the disease.

These include:

• incubation;
• catarrhal;
• spasmodic;
• permission, or reverse development.

Incubation period occurs after contact with a virus carrier, when the child has already become infected, but so far this cannot be understood. Meanwhile, the virus is already beginning to take root in the body. It takes 2 to 14 days (average 5 to 8 days).

catarrhal period replaces the incubation one and lasts from 7 to 21 days (on average 10 to 18 days). This time is characterized by the appearance of a mild cough that resembles a cold.

After a few days, the cough intensifies and acquires an obsessive paroxysmal character at night and before bedtime. Subfebrile temperature appears, which does not subside when taking antipyretic drugs. This is the beginning of the second period.

Spasmodic period begins with the appearance of a characteristic paroxysmal cough, which is characterized by rapidly changing exhaled shocks during inhalation, and by a reprise during exhalation. When coughing, sputum is released, vomiting is possible.

This is a typical whooping cough, which is dangerous for children because it can stop breathing. There is swelling of the face and eyelids. This period lasts 3-4 weeks and is the most dangerous time period.

Regression period, permits. After 3-4 weeks, the spasmodic (whooping cough) cough ends. Starts the reverse recovery process. The pertussis bacillus dies, the temperature returns, the cough becomes normal. The child continues to cough out of habit until he recovers completely. This period takes 2-3 weeks.

Erased forms in vaccinated children

Considering the types of whooping cough, antipical forms are always mentioned, among which the erased one stands out. It is believed that no vaccination can save you from whooping cough. But nowadays babies need to get their first vaccination at 3 months.

And up to 4 years, the baby should receive 3 vaccinations with a minimum interval of 30 days. In addition, 6-12 months after the third vaccination, it is necessary to do a one-time revaccination with the DTP vaccine.

If this did not happen before the age of 4, then it is carried out with the ADS vaccine - for children 4-6 years old (without the pertussis component) or ADS-m (with a reduced number of antigens) - for children over 6 years old.

Children who have been vaccinated after 5 years of age lose their protective properties and may be infected with whooping cough from communication with a virus carrier. But they will no longer tolerate the severe form of whooping cough. They are attacked by an erased form of infection. With this form, there is no choking spasmodic cough, and the disease proceeds quickly and without complications.

Which doctor to contact

If you feel unwell, you should visit a pediatrician. The doctor will ask if there was any contact with coughing or with whooping cough. Listen to the lungs and ask for a blood test. Also, the child may be referred to an ENT for consultation or to an infectious disease specialist.

ENT examine the throat and the condition of the mucous membrane of the larynx and pharynx. In the presence of swelling of the mucosa and hemorrhages, as well as a slight mucopurulent exudate, the presence of a bacterial bacillus will be determined.

Based on the results of the examination and conversation, the infectious disease specialist is able to make a presumptive diagnosis. He is more likely to order additional tests.

Diagnostics

After a consultation and examination of the patient by doctors, the diagnosis and conclusion are established by an infectious disease specialist and a pediatrician. One of the main symptoms in the diagnosis is a paroxysmal specific cough. But to obtain a complete picture of the disease, it is necessary to conduct a number of laboratory studies.

These include:

1. Bacteriological examination of a smear of mucus from the pharynx and nose with the release of whooping cough. To do this, use the collection of sputum when coughing. The second method of sampling is using a smear from the pharyngeal mucosa in the morning on an empty stomach or 2-3 hours after eating. Both materials are placed in a nutrient medium and, through laboratory tests, a picture is obtained of the presence of the pathogen - whooping cough. The results are ready in 5-7 days.
2. Serological tests used for later collection of samples for the determination of antibodies to whooping cough. Their main goal is to detect immunoglobulins lgM in blood and lgA in mucus. These bodies are viable for several months after the disease. Within a month, lgG immunoglobulin is formed, which persists for several years and can give an answer about whether the patient had whooping cough before.
3. General blood analysis makes it possible to determine the increase in the number of leukocytes and lymphocytes with normal ESR. This method is called hematological.

There are a number of laboratory research methods in the diagnosis of whooping cough, including express methods.

First aid for whooping cough

First of all, it is necessary, if not to completely stop the cough, then try to reduce its strength and consequences, ensuring that it will proceed in a milder form, and the disease will not progress. To do this, you need to destroy the whooping cough bacillus Bordetella.

This pathogen does not show any reaction to antibiotics other than erythromycin. It should be used during the catarrhal period, only then, after 3-4 days of taking the medicine, the causative agent of the infection will be completely destroyed. But the cough, despite the fact that the mucosal irritant has been destroyed, will still continue.

To relieve a cough, you should:

• monitor the microclimate in the room, achieving humidity up to 50% and air temperature 15-16 degrees;
• take walks with a sick child in the fresh air;
• plant the patient during coughing fits, if he was lying - it is easier to endure attacks;
• distract children by any means, without reminding them of coughing: these are new toys, new books, new cartoons.

How to speed up recovery

If a child falls ill, the task of parents is to help him endure this serious illness and speed up his recovery.

To do this, you need to follow a few simple tips:

• Provide bed rest. Maximum peace is needed.
• Notify the kindergarten or school about the illness so that quarantine measures can be taken. This will help to avoid the disease of children and to identify the diseased at an early stage.
• Observe the drinking regime. It is necessary to ensure the restoration of the water balance in the body, which is disturbed by spasmodic coughing and possible vomiting. You can drink water and herbal weak tea.
• Provide sparing microclimate. This means maintaining comfortable conditions (humidity and temperature) in the room so that the disease proceeds more easily.
• Take care of the child and show attention to him.

Drug treatment of whooping cough in children

Whooping cough in children (symptoms and treatment needs to be considered in particular) should be treated with antibiotics. This series of drugs has the ability to stop cough attacks at the catarrhal stage of the disease.

Only one antibiotic is capable of completely destroying the pathogen. It is erythromycin - it is able to suppress the whooping cough virus, after which she dies, but a cough remains, which is no longer bacterial in nature, but reflex.

The drugs are taken according to the plan prescribed by the doctor.

Cough preparations

Whooping cough coughing exhausts and frightens the child. When the next attack approaches, he begins to act up, refuses food and simply behaves unpredictably. In this case, it is recommended to take cough medicines: Glycodin, Sinekod, Codelac Neo, Codeine, Panatus.

However, it is necessary to give such drugs clearly in accordance with the recommended dosages, because. it was found that many of them in their composition have a certain percentage of any drug or components that include narcotic substances. There is a risk of getting used to them.

Expectorants

With whooping cough, they are used so as not to get bronchitis, tracheitis or pneumonia as a complication. The doctor will offer the patient drugs, including Flavamed, Ambroxol, Prospan, Lazolvan, Gedelix.

Caution should be taken with vegetable syrups that can cause allergies or have no positive effect. It is necessary to select drugs individually for each patient.

homeopathic therapy

Homeopathic therapy helps vaccinated children. In the catarrhal stages of whooping cough, Nux vomica 3 or Pulsatilla 3 is given to children. The first remedy is used for dry coughs and the second for sputum.

If fever appears during the catarrhal period, then you can drink Aconite 3, which lowers the temperature, relieves headaches, irritability and general malaise. 2-3 cap. the drug is taken every 2 hours.

Folk remedies

With symptoms of whooping cough in children, traditional medicine offers several effective and affordable treatment recipes:

Features of the daily routine

Here are some tips to help ease your cough:

• Create a microclimate in the room that will be comfortable for the child. This is a temperature regime within 15 degrees of heat. In this case, the humidity of the air should be from 30% to 50%. This condition must be met, even if you have to dress the baby warmer.

• During a coughing fit, make sure that the child is in a sitting position.
• It is impossible to create prerequisites for fear of the next bout of coughing. Such a cough has a psycho-neurological basis and under the influence of stress can constantly increase. You need to distract the baby from such thoughts in your favorite ways.
• They create a calm and quiet atmosphere.
• They switch to a new sparing diet, eat in small portions, but more often.
• Often carry out wet cleaning of the premises. It is necessary to exclude the presence of dust in the air.
• Spend as much time as possible outside with minimal contact with healthy children.

How to eat right with whooping cough

Diet in case of illness can differ significantly from the daily diet. With a fit of coughing, the vomiting center is irritated and vomiting is possible. To avoid this during meals, you have to switch to more frequent feeding in smaller portions. Products that can cause mechanical and chemical irritation of the pharyngeal mucosa and esophagus are excluded.

With whooping cough, you must adhere to the principles of building a diet:

1. To avoid all kinds of negative moments when eating (coughing fits, poor appetite, etc.), it is necessary to increase the number of meals up to 7-10 times, with a decrease in the intervals between feedings to 3; 2.5; 2 hours.
2. Reduce by ½ serving for each feeding; at lunch, the meal is divided into two stages. In severe forms of the disease, breakfast, afternoon tea and dinner are divided in the same way.

With this diet, the child is shown liquid and semi-liquid dishes:

• soups,
• porridge,
• steam cutlets,
• juices,
• vegetable broths,
• eggs,
• milk,
• puréed boiled meat.

Being an opponent of the use of antibiotics as a prophylaxis, the doctor unequivocally recommends the use of erythromycin for prophylactic purposes. Taking an antibiotic before the onset of a cough helps to prevent the development of attacks and prevent the occurrence of complications.

When treating whooping cough, the doctor advises to pay special attention to creating conditions that will make it easier for children to endure coughing attacks, and to calm the child. He also advises changing the diet of a sick child in accordance with the principles described above.

Whooping cough complications

After an illness or directly during an illness, dangerous complications can appear. These are the consequences of untimely treatment or failure to fully comply with all the instructions of the attending physician.

Here are the complications that whooping cough can cause:

• violations of the rhythm of breathing;
• disorders of cerebral circulation;
• bronchitis;
• pneumonia;
• bleeding;
• pulmonary heart;
• hemorrhages;
• encephalopathy.

Against the background of coughing attacks are possible:

• rupture of the eardrum;
• prolapse of the rectal mucosa;
• the formation of hernias of the anterior abdominal wall;
• convulsive syndrome;
• epileptic seizures
• disturbances in the work of the central nervous system and cardiovascular system.

Doctors recommend vaccinating children against whooping cough to avoid severe forms of the disease, and prophylaxis with atnibiotics at the initial stage of the disease. In children who have identified the symptoms of whooping cough in the first hours and started treatment correctly, complications are extremely rare.

Video about whooping cough in children, its symptoms and treatments

Dr. Komarovsky about whooping cough:

Pertussis symptoms and treatments:

I-Yulya, mine received both the ab in the initial period, the elder and the small on the 4th day of the onset of coughing, the middle one on the third week of coughing, and homeopathy, but they still cough, the small one with reprisals, without vomiting, the older vaccinated coughs until the face turns red, blood vessels burst in eyes, he has a month from the first symptoms, the middle one just thumps, everyone has a different cough, but yes, from irritation of the cough center during physical exertion, laughter, crying, overexcitation.
Now they don’t get anything, I’ll start giving vitamins from Aicherb tomorrow, plus moisturizing at home, we walk a lot. We go to the village for the weekend, they cough an order of magnitude less there. And we already have the fifth cold in less than 2 months. Pikovit with prebiotics does not help, next week I will get a bunch of immuno-vitamins with iherb, maybe it will become easier with them. And every cold brings back a whooping cough...
Almost 3 months have passed since the onset of the disease, but still reprises, coughing to vomiting and again suffocating at night.
Girls, they wrote about homeopathy here, what do they drink in such cases? Some lists for whooping cough are huge, but basically everything is designed for the first three periods of the disease, and in our country it seems like it’s not a disease anymore, but just irritated cough centers.
At the peak of the disease, they tried drozera and carbo vegetated - I didn’t notice the effect at all, now I decided to try them again, so I think, what else can I buy? I'm Julia
I'm all right about antibiotics, your quote is proof of that. We literally just went through this. I would not experiment with all sorts of azithromycins, but gave sumamed - this is the original azithromycin. Lenkosik
and there are reprises - a whistle on the breath? I'm Julia
We have just about the same picture, the only cough is mainly during the day, it is almost absent at night Lenkosik dry cough - not necessarily whooping cough, whooping cough, in addition to dry cough, also has characteristic symptoms. The onset of the disease without fever or with a slight increase, at first just like an orvi, then a cough, the strength of which increases every day, then begins to take on a paroxysmal character, increases at night, the child chokes on sputum, suffocates, during coughing often ends with vomiting. Inhalation occurs with a whistle. But, if the child is vaccinated, the symptoms, of course, can be erased.
As for antibiotics, Lexa1888 is not quite right.
Here is a quote from the doctor who consulted me

Sumamed is also azithromycin, only expensive. You can buy azithromycin for 30 rubles, in a beautiful package, in capsules, I don’t think that it is worse than sumamed. Well, other macrolides are possible. But, I looked, your suprax, indeed, is from another group. Lexa1888
Thank you very much for the answer! I will do so. Lenkosik
Whooping cough microbes are killed only by sumamed (azithromycin)!!! Suprax can be given so that there are no complications in the form of pneumonia. But then you still have to give sumamed if whooping cough is confirmed. So, give sumamed better right away, and then look! Good night! girls tell me please, is supraks prescribed for whooping cough? can anyone appoint him? there is a suspicion that my daughter has this muck, the cough is dry for 5 days, nothing helps with antitussives, today we were at the pediatrician, of course she didn’t tell us anything about whooping cough, but for the first time she wrote us a blood test, she had never been prescribed for ORS in PC before, and wanted to prescribe sumamed, but because we had suprax at home, I asked him maybe, well, she didn’t seem to insist on sumamed, it didn’t even occur to me to read about whooping cough in sibmama until the moment. that it could be him, and now doubts have crept in that it’s not ODS at all I-Yulya
Thank you! Girls, if everything is ok in time, the antibody test should be positive in case of whooping cough.
If there was a meeting with whooping cough, but the result is negative, then either there is still a short time, or AB therapy was started on time, and the bacteria was nailed, so that the antibodies did not have time to develop, but then it’s generally not correct to talk about whooping cough and immunity, turns out no.
It is a pity that in vitro analysis is not quantitative, there may be antibodies, but in a very small amount.
Lexa1888
If I were you, after some time I passed on G (just consult with an infectious disease specialist or an in vitro doctor, they connect exactly when).
Those who take quantitative tests (maybe you will find a laboratory) usually look at the dynamics, and already decide whether to vaccinate in the future or not. Lexa1888, of course, yes, antibodies show the Motherland
But there is definitely no point in taking a swab from the throat, we have already drunk 2 antibiotics, the stick could have died already. And antibodies precisely show whether the organism met with this bacillus or not?! Lexa1888, my nephew did not show an analysis from invitro, but a second positive throat swab came, the first with a difference of a day was also negative, plus their pediatrician, who was literate in OAC, immediately determined Mamulka Dashulka
Strange, I have the following information: It is advisable to conduct a laboratory test to determine the level of antibodies of the IgG and IgM classes from the third week after the onset of symptoms.

Reading 14 min. Views 740 Posted on 03/06/2018

Whooping cough is an infectious disease characterized by a whooping cough. Often, the course of the disease with complications, especially in young children, led to chronic inflammatory processes in the lungs and neurological disorders. But after such as vaccination against this disease became planned, the course of the disease began to pass much easier and with virtually no complications.

Etiology and epidemiology

The causative agent of whooping cough is a stick containing endotoxin and other components. Lymphocytes in this disease increase dramatically. However, the pathogen outside the body of an infected person quickly dies. Therefore, the likelihood of infection through various objects or toys is very low.

A sick person is contagious for 25-30 days, and in some cases up to two months. You can get infected by communicating with the patient, especially when he coughs. Most often, whooping cough gets sick at a younger preschool age.

The pathogen persists in the nasopharynx for 35-42 days. Endotoxin, which is produced by the pathogen stick, causes a persistent and severe cough, which is convulsive in nature. This is due to the emergence of a set of closely spaced and physiologically active elements of the central nervous system. Coughing attacks occur due to the fact that there are factors that irritate the bronchi, such as dust, other viruses, and air pollution. Even after a full recovery, after a few months, whooping cough can start again if you get sick with the flu, pneumonia, or measles.

Clinical picture

From the moment of infection to the appearance of the first signs of the disease, it takes from 5 to 14 days. All the time while the child is sick with whooping cough can be divided into three stages: catarrhal, spasmodic and resolution period.

The catarrhal stage lasts 10-14 days. There is a mild, unobtrusive cough. The child is energetic and has a good appetite. Sometimes there is a runny nose and a slight fever. Over time, it starts to increase.

The spasmodic stage lasts 14-21 days. This stage is characterized by bouts of coughing. The attack begins unexpectedly, the child coughs hysterically, after which there is a convulsive breath due to spasm of the larynx. After this, the attack, which is called a reprise, can again be repeated. In a severe course of the disease, there may be several such reprises. During these attacks, the child's face becomes crimson, the veins in the neck swell, blood vessels burst in the eyes, tears and saliva flow. After an attack, the child coughs up sputum, vomiting is possible. These attacks also happen at night.

During this stage, the face and eyelids of the child swell. Hemorrhages may occur in the eyes. The child has intermittent dry and wet rales. As a result of a lack of oxygen during a cough, tachycardia may occur. As a result, blood pressure rises.

The resolution period lasts 7-21 days. The number of reprises and their severity decreases, vomiting stops. Gradually pass all the symptoms of the disease. The illness can last from 5 to 12 weeks.

Whooping cough occurs in mild, moderate or severe forms. Its severity can be judged by the frequency and duration of reprises at the height of the disease.

Complications

Complications occur due to damage to the bronchi and lungs in all patients and can cause pneumonia and obstructive bronchitis. In such cases, the patient's health worsens, the temperature rises, and coughing attacks intensify.

From the side of the central nervous system, encephalopathy can be observed. Sometimes during a convulsive cough, a child may lose consciousness for a long time and hypoxia occurs. For this reason, mental disorders and further development of the child may occur.

Quite rare are complications such as umbilical hernia, convulsions.

Treatment and prevention

The hospital treats newborns or patients with complications of the disease. If the disease goes away without complications, then you can undergo a course of treatment at home.

To alleviate coughing attacks, you need to walk as much as possible in the fresh air and ventilate the room where the patient is located. Good for wet cleaning. After bouts of vomiting, the child is supplemented.

Antibiotics are used at the first manifestations of a cough. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed for complications such as pneumonia and encephalopathy.

Prevention is through vaccination. The vaccine is mixed and is called DPT - whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus.

In most cases, if a child has been vaccinated, then even if he becomes ill, he easily tolerates the disease. At risk are infants who have not yet been vaccinated. That is why it is so important to get your child vaccinated on time.

It should be remembered that for infants and newborns it is impossible to resort to medicinal substances.

Whooping cough treatment folk remedies

We will analyze how to treat whooping cough in children with the help of traditional medicine:

1. Garlic mix.
   Garlic juice, mixed with pork internal fat (lard), rubbed into the skin of the neck and chest with whooping cough.
2. Healing mixture.
   1 tsp fresh black radish juice mixed with 1 tsp. honey and add salt on the tip of a knife.
   Take this portion throughout the day for 3 doses.
3. Nettle juice.
   Fresh juice from nettle grass is recommended to take 1 tsp. 3 times a day for whooping cough.
4. Sugar solution.
   Take 1 tbsp. l. sugar and melt in a frying pan over a fire.
   When the sugar turns brown, remove from heat and pour 100 ml of boiling water into it. Mix the composition well until the burnt sugar dissolves in water.
   Give children 1 tsp. 3-4 times a day and at night, before going to bed.
   This remedy can also be taken by adults when coughing.
5. Cabbage compresses.
   Take the right amount of cabbage leaves, dip them for 1-2 minutes. into boiling water, then spread with honey and apply on the chest and back. Tie and wear a tight-fitting T-shirt. Compress to do at night.
   In the morning, there will be almost nothing left of the sheets - it will be absorbed into the skin, providing a healing effect. It is necessary to do 3-5 such procedures.
6. Mumiyo.
   It is recommended to take 0.2-0.3 g of mumiyo mixed with milk, or with cow fat and honey on an empty stomach and in the evening before going to bed (at a ratio of 1:20), and also lubricate the surfaces of the inflamed area of ​​the nostrils and throat at night with the same composition through a tampon.
7. Garlic and onion inhalation.
   Grate garlic and onions into a plate on a fine grater, cover yourself with a blanket, close your eyes and breathe for 10-15 minutes. alternately by mouth and nose 3-4 times a day.
8. Inhalation from pine buds.
   For inhalation, take 1 tsp. pine buds and pour 100 ml of water, put on low heat and inhale the vapors for 5-7 minutes. through a horn made of thick clean paper.
   Such inhalations are used for coughing, bronchitis, whooping cough.
9. Blueberry extract.
   Pour 8 g of crushed blue cyanosis roots with 200 ml of boiling water, cook until the liquid has evaporated to half.
   Take 1 tsp. 3 times a day as an expectorant, sedative and analgesic for respiratory diseases, especially chronic ones.
10. Healing mixture.
    Mix bee honey with butter in equal quantities.
    For whooping cough, give the child 1 tsp. 3-4 times a day.

infusions

1. Infusion of thyme.
   1 st. l. dry chopped thyme herb brew 200 ml of boiling water, leave warm for 5 hours and strain.
   Take 2-3 tbsp. l. 3-4 times a day before meals; give small children 1-2 tsp. 3-4 times a day.
2. Infusion of wild rosemary.
   1 tsp crushed herb wild rosemary pour 400 ml of chilled boiled water. Insist in a thermos for 8 hours, strain.
   Drink 100 ml 4 times a day for cough, whooping cough.
   

   Remember! The plant is poisonous! Overdose can cause inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa.

3. Nettle infusion.
   1 st. l. dry crushed nettle leaves brew 200 ml of boiling water, leave warm for 1 hour, strain.
   Take 1 tbsp. l. 3-4 times a day before meals.
4. Infusion of violets.
   2 g of crushed herb fragrant violets brew 200 ml of boiling water, insist in a thermos for 2 hours, strain.
   Take 1 tbsp. l. every 2 hours during the day, and with a bag of grass, while it is still warm, cover the upper part of the child’s chest and bandage it so that something like a warming compress is obtained (the duration of the compress is 1-1.5 hours).
   Compress to do in the morning and in the evening (at night).
   For a child aged 7-10 years, give 2-3 tbsp. l. infusion.
   It is very useful to sweeten the infusion with honey; infusion should be taken only in the form of heat.
   
5. Dill infusion.
   1 tsp fragrant dill seeds brew 200 ml of boiling water, leave warm for 1 hour, add 2 tbsp. l. honey, strain.
   Drink warm infusion of 100 ml during the day every 1-1.5 hours.
6. Plantain infusion.
   1 st. l. dry chopped plantain leaves brew 200 ml of boiling water, leave for 15 minutes, strain.
   Drink warm 3 times a day before meals.
   School-age children - 1 des. l.
   Preschoolers - 1 tsp. as an expectorant.
7. Infusion of knotweed.
   3 tsp chopped herb knotweed brew 400 ml of boiling water, leave warm for 2 hours, strain.
   Drink 100 ml 2-3 times a day before meals.
8. Shandra infusion.
   1 st. l. dry chopped herb shandra ordinary brew 200 ml of boiling water, leave for 30 minutes. and strain.
   Drink 50 ml 4 times a day.
9. Infusion of oregano.
   1 st. l. dry crushed herb oregano brew 200 ml of boiling water, leave warm for 1 hour, strain.
   Drink 50 ml 4 times a day for 20 minutes. before meals with whooping cough, bronchitis.
10. Currant infusion.
    1 st. l. blackcurrant berries brew 200 ml of boiling water, leave warm for 2 hours.
    Drink 100 ml 3-4 times a day with sugar to taste, with sore throat, whooping cough, hoarseness.
11. Infusion of clover.
    1 st. l. dry crushed red clover flowers, brew 200 ml of boiling water, leave warm for 1 hour, strain.
    Drink 50 ml 4 times a day for 20 minutes. before meals.
12. Althea infusion.
    1 tsp crushed marshmallow flowers (mallow, marshmallow) brew 200 ml of boiling water, leave for 1-2 hours, strain.
    Take 1 tsp. 3 times a day in a warm form as an expectorant.

Collection infusions

1. Collection infusion No. 1.
   Take 1 des. l. roots of elecampane and spring primrose, leaves of coltsfoot.
   Brew the crushed mixture with 400 ml of boiling water, insist in a thermos for 3 hours, strain.
   Drink 100 ml 3-4 times a day.
2. Collection infusion No. 2.
   Take in equal parts the grass of tricolor violet and round-leaved sundew, common fennel fruits and large plantain leaves.
   1 st. l. crushed mixture, brew 200 ml of boiling water, leave for 30 minutes and strain.
   Drink 70 ml 3-4 times a day with a convulsive cough.
3. Collection infusion No. 3.
   
   Take 1 tbsp. l. mullein scepter flowers, thyme herb, coltsfoot leaves, marshmallow leaves and flowers.
   Brew the crushed collection mixture with 400 ml of boiling water, leave for 4 hours, strain.
   Children under 1 year old give 1 tsp. 4-5 times a day; children 2-3 years old - 1 des. l.; children 4-7 years old - 1 tbsp. l. 4-5 times a day for 30 minutes. before meals.

Decoctions

1. Primrose decoction.
   1 tsp crushed spring primrose roots pour 200 ml of boiling water and boil over low heat for 10 minutes, leave warm for 30 minutes, strain.
   Take 1 tbsp. l. 3-4 times a day.
2. Decoction of elecampane.
   1 st. l. chopped elecampane rhizomes, pour 400 ml of water, bring to a boil and boil for 15 minutes. over low heat, insist until cool and strain.
   Take 2 tbsp. l. every hour during the day.
   

   Remember, elecampane is contraindicated in kidney disease!

3. Sunflower decoction.
   Clean sunflower seeds. Roast the grains and grind well in a mortar.
   Mix in 400 ml of water 1 tbsp. l. honey and add 2 tbsp. l. crushed grains. Then boil over low heat until the composition is reduced to 200 ml, cool and strain.
   Take 1-2 tbsp. l. per day for 15-20 days.
4. Poppy decoction.
   A decoction of poppy flowers in milk is recommended to be taken for whooping cough several times a day without dosage.
5. Decoction of plantain.
   1 st. l. dry chopped plantain leaves pour 1 liter of boiling water, boil for 10 minutes. over low heat, insist twenty-four hours and strain.
   Take 1 tbsp. l. 3 times a day for 15-20 minutes. before meals.
6. Decoction of acacia.
   Dry the flowers of white acacia collected in spring.
   Boil them in fresh milk with the addition of honey to taste and drink before dinner as tea without dosage.
7. A decoction of figs.
   Take 2-3 crushed fruits (fresh or dry) of figs and pour 300 ml of milk, boil under the lid for 30 minutes on very low heat.
   Give the decoction to drink to children during the day without dosage.
8. Decoction of garlic.
   For whooping cough, it is recommended to take 5 cloves of medium-sized garlic, finely crush and pour 200 ml of milk, then boil for 5-7 minutes. and chill.
   Give the child to drink during the day in a warm form in small sips.
9. Violet decoction.
   2 g of chopped herb fragrant violet pour 200 ml of boiling water, boil for 2 minutes, leave for 1 hour, strain.
   A child with whooping cough should be given a decoction of 1 tbsp. l. every 2 hours during the day.
   Cover the upper part of the child's chest with warm cake of grass and bandage it to make a kind of warm compress. The duration of the compress is 1-1.5 hours.
   These procedures are done in the morning and in the evening at night. With this treatment, cough ceases to torment the child.
   A child aged 7-10 years for 3 days, take 2-3 tbsp. l. decoction. The decoction can be sweetened with honey and drunk warm.
   

   Remember! An overdose can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and an itchy rash.

10. Thyme decoction.
    10 g of chopped thyme herb (thyme) pour 100 ml of boiling water. Boil until the liquid has reduced to half the volume. Then add 1 tsp. honey per 200 ml of extract.
    Give a patient with whooping cough 1 tsp. 3 times a day.

Collection decoctions

1. Decoction collection No. 1.
   Take equal parts of pine buds, large plantain leaves and coltsfoot.
   4 tsp crushed mixture, pour 200 ml of cold water, leave for 2 hours, and then boil in a water bath for 5 minutes, leave until cool and strain.
   Drink 70 ml 3 times a day.
2. Collection decoction No. 2.
   Take in equal parts the fruits and fennel ordinary, flax seeds and thyme grass (thyme).
   4 tsp crushed mixture, pour 200 ml of cold water, leave for 2 hours, and then boil over low heat for 5-6 minutes, strain.
   Drink 50 ml 4 times a day.
3. Decoction collection No. 3.
   Take in equal parts the fruits of common anise and fragrant dill, herb knotweed and thyme, licorice root.
   4 tsp crushed mixture pour 300 ml of cold water, leave for 2 hours, bring to a boil and boil for 2-3 minutes. Let stand until cool and strain.
   Drink 100 ml 3 times a day for 30 minutes. before meals. This collection gives a good effect.
4. Decoction of set No. 4.
   Take 500 g of chopped onion and mix with 400 g of sugar and 50 g of honey.
   Pour the mixture with 1 liter of water. Then cook on low heat for 3 hours, insist until cool and strain.
   Pour the broth into a bottle, cork and store in a cool dark place.
   Take 1 tbsp. l. 4-6 times a day for cough, bronchitis, whooping cough.
5. Collection decoction No. 5.
   
   Take 1 tbsp. l. herbs eryngium flat-leaved, 2 tbsp. l. herbs of thyme, coltsfoot, lemon balm and "cones" of common hop; 3 art. l. common heather grass.
   3 art. l. crushed mixture, pour 400 ml of water, bring to a boil and boil for 5 minutes, leave for 1 hour, strain.
   Take for children:
   • up to 1 year - 1 tsp. 4-5 times a day;
   • 1-4 years old - 2 tsp each;
   • 5-6 years - 1 tbsp. l. 3-4 times a day.