The best nootropic. Modern view on nootropics: a list of the best drugs with proven effectiveness. Nootropics for children

They are a group of psychotropic drugs that can increase the resistance of the human nervous system. They help to quickly solve the problem with injuries, oxygen starvation, poisoning, strong physical exertion, and insomnia.

How do nootropics enhance the capabilities of the brain?

Drugs of this type directly affect various functions of the brain, bring them into activity and make the mind and memory processes work. These medications can facilitate the interaction of both hemispheres and the main centers that are located on the cerebral cortex. To achieve the desired effect, nootropics perform the following actions:

• stabilization of cell membranes;
• increased glucose utilization;
• elimination of oxidation processes;
• activation of the formation of proteins and ATP.

What are the disadvantages of using nootropics?

Such drugs do not pose a serious threat to the human body, since they do not affect any important functions. But at the same time, they have a number of contraindications and side effects that you should definitely study before using drugs.

Prohibited states when taking nootropics include:

• age up to three years;
• problems with the endocrine system;
• allergic reactions to the component composition;
• severe renal failure;
• the period of gestation or breastfeeding.

As for side effects, they are quite rare, since most patients tolerate these medications well. In some situations, the following reactions occur:

• drowsiness throughout the day;
• allergies;
• a sharp change in blood pressure;
• dyspeptic pathologies;
• nervousness.

Top 20 best nootropics. List of drugs by effectiveness

A fairly effective and completely safe remedy can have a beneficial effect on the brain, improving blood circulation and its activity.

This drug does not dilate blood vessels, makes the neuromuscular connection stronger and utilizes glucose.

Another advantage of the nootropic is its positive effect on the learning process and improving the memorization of information.

As for the shortcomings, buyers highlight only one nuance - the effect is not noticed immediately, but only after a couple of weeks from the moment you start taking the drug.

2. Phenotropil

Tablets have anti-amnestic properties, improve mood and increase the resistance of the human body to stressful conditions.

They are prescribed by specialists in case of depression, convulsive conditions, chronic alcoholism, as well as neurotic problems. The drug is famous for its ability to improve vision and facilitate the learning process. In addition, it replenishes energy reserves in the consumer's body.

In addition to contraindications to the use of the nootropic, it has another disadvantage - you can buy it only with a doctor's prescription.

3. Combitropil

The product, sold in the form of capsules, contains cinnarizine and piracetam, which ensures its increased effectiveness.

It has not only nootropic, but also a vasodilating effect.

Among the negative qualities, only caution is noted when taking the drug for a long time, as side effects may appear.

4. Biotredin

A drug that improves memory, concentration and attention, helps reduce the craving for alcohol, and also eliminates headaches of any type. It is also important in the exchange of nucleic acids, as it improves it almost instantly.

Patients also like the remedy for increasing clarity in consciousness, discovering the hidden capabilities of the brain, the state of wakefulness and increasing vitality.

The disadvantages include the incompatibility of the drug with other antipsychotic pills, as well as an additional contraindication - hypersensitivity to vitamin B.

5. Calcium hopantenate

This remedy carries out its beneficial effect on the brain thanks to the main active substance, which is hopantenic acid.

The nootropic has anticonvulsant and analgesic properties, helps improve concentration and memory, and also speeds up blood flow in the brain. It does not contain toxic elements and is well tolerated by the body.

The negative sides include the increased effect of sedative pills and a prescription from a doctor upon purchase.

The excellent corrector of blood circulation in the brain is liked by both doctors and patients for its high efficiency and ability to improve mental activity in a short time.

The downside is the fact that when prescribing the drug intravenously, it must be administered slowly, which not every person can do on their own.

A drug with analgesic, nootropic and tranquilizing effects improves metabolic processes in tissues, copes well with mental disorders and helps reduce anxiety.

Moreover, the tool helps to increase the resistance of the human brain to oxygen starvation and the adverse effects of toxins.

As for the disadvantages of this drug, they all come down only to the main side effects and contraindications.

The remedy in the form of drops stimulates the energy processes of the brain and increases its resistance to various stresses and hypoxia.

It is absorbed quite quickly, does not affect the hormonal background and does not harm health. It is also worth noting the neurometabolic effect of the nootropic, which is pronounced even in the case of taking drops in minimal doses.

The downside is irritation of the nasal mucosa if you use the remedy for too long.

9. Acephen

The composition is good in that it helps to improve the blood supply to the brain, eliminate depression, activate cognitive activity, and also develop the body's resistance to lack of oxygen and toxic effects. It also has an antihypoxic effect and calms the nervous system.

Speaking about the shortcomings of the remedy, it is worth mentioning not only the need for a prescription from a doctor upon purchase, but also the fact that in patients with schizophrenia taking this drug, hallucinations begin to appear more often and their duration increases.

10. Cogitum

This type of nootropic gained popularity due to the relief of the condition of patients with cerebral palsy, the restoration of the nervous system, as well as the ability to take not only with water, but also with other drinks.

Its negative quality is hyperactivity or excessive tearfulness in children taking the drug, although such phenomena are rarely observed.

11. Glycine

Well-known soothing pills are famous for being allowed to be taken by both adults and children.

In addition, they are available without a prescription and are affordable for everyone. The tool calms the nerves, makes cognitive functions work, activates thought processes and speeds up memorization.

In addition, its components quickly penetrate the tissues, so it does not take long to wait for a positive effect.

12. Vinpocetine

An excellent nootropic is designed to dilate blood vessels and improve microcirculation, which makes it effective. It provides the brain tissues with the necessary nutrients and oxygen.

Moreover, this remedy lowers blood pressure, bringing it back to normal, and also thins the blood.

The drug even has an antioxidant effect.

13. Phenibut

This drug plays an important role in stimulating the brain.

It normalizes blood circulation, improves night sleep, eliminates daytime sleepiness, has an antioxidant property, and also has a beneficial effect on memory and concentration. In addition, tablets help improve the emotional stability of the central nervous system.

The only drawback of this drug is the fact that it cannot be purchased without a prescription.

A drug with antidepressant and anti-anxiety properties strengthens the human nervous system and improves memory. It is well tolerated by both adults and children, so this drug is used more often in pediatrics and for the elderly.

This nootropic is quite effective and does not cause any particular harm to health, if you follow the contraindications and do not ignore the doctor's recommendations.

Among the shortcomings, experts note the fact that in the case of severe disorders of the nervous system, the drug has no effect.

15. Cerebrolysin

A high-quality nootropic helps to bring the brain into activity, returns the “foot emphasis” and makes it possible to accelerate the development of mental activity in children. In addition, it improves speech skills.

The disadvantage is the appearance of convulsions as a result of an incorrect injection.

16. Piracetam

This drug is not in vain included in the list of leaders.

It is prescribed specifically for the treatment of memory problems, intellectual disabilities, as well as psycho-organic syndrome, which entails frequent dizziness.

The main advantage of this remedy is the sensitive functioning of the brain after administration.

In the case of an increase in the dosage indicated in the instructions, a change in the physiological state is possible (from excessive agitation to severe drowsiness and vice versa), which is the main disadvantage.

17. Pantogam

Nootropic gently affects the nervous system and is allowed for use by adults and children.

In the first case, tablets are prescribed, in the second - syrup. It helps the body cope with a decrease in mental performance, as well as schizophrenia.

Side effects when taking it are extremely rare.

18. Cortexin

An excellent drug without side reactions is famous for its low toxicity and the absence of disadvantages, with the exception of high cost.

Tablets effectively fight against circulatory disorders of the brain, epileptic seizures and reduced learning ability.

This nootropic is usually prescribed for children.

19. Picamilon

A drug with sufficiently powerful anti-aggregate, antioxidant and tranquilizing properties helps to increase brain performance in a short time.

It perfectly regulates the mental powers and calms the nerves.

20. Pramiracetam

The list of leaders is completed by a remedy that belongs to the category of racetams.

It has a positive effect on intelligence, concentration and memory. As for side effects, they appear very rarely when taking these pills, moreover, they are poorly expressed.

It also has a great effect on the cognitive capabilities of the brain, which is a considerable advantage.

Remember, self-medication is dangerous, consult a doctor for advice on the use of any medications.

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The modern rhythm of life is easily unsettling. Large loads at work, study negatively affect the state of the nervous system. To improve performance, there are special drugs that stimulate the human body and increase productivity. Nootropic drugs have been created for people who have had traumatic brain injury and stroke. But, often, they are prescribed to healthy people to improve brain function and relieve stress on the nervous system. We have compiled a rating of the best new generation nootropics that deserve respect and trust. .

The best nootropic drugs without additional effects

Nootropil is the best new generation nootropic drug, which is most often prescribed to patients experiencing memory problems. It stimulates certain parts of the brain and improves its activity. Nootropil is sold both in tablets and in solution for intravenous administration. Doctors recommend the use of a nootropic drug, not only for medical reasons, but also as a preventive measure, especially in those moments when the level of stress is very high. It does not dilate blood vessels, which is very good for teenagers and students who plan to improve brain activity during exams.

Pros:

• Can be used for increased mental stress. For example, during exams, when stress and brain activity have the maximum effect on the nervous system;
• Protects brain cells from hypoxia;
• Can be given to students
• Reduces stress levels, increases concentration and attention levels.

Minuses:

• Do not apply to people with renal insufficiency and after a cerebral hemorrhage;
• Improvements begin to be felt only after two weeks of use.

Speaking in official language, Cavinton (Vinpocetine) is in the category of drugs that improve blood circulation in the brain. But in terms of its chemical composition, it is also one of the best new generation nootropics. The medicine can be used for a wide range of diseases, as well as in preventive measures to increase brain activity.

Pros:

• Reduces stress levels and improves brain activity;
• Can be used to improve concentration:
• Sold in tablets and liquid form.

Minuses:

• For older people with heart rhythm disturbances, it is not recommended.

Pantogam is the best new generation nootropic drug developed on the basis of herbs. It has a positive effect on brain activity, improves thought processes and allows you to concentrate. The manufacturer claims that Pantogam is suitable even for children, especially schoolchildren during the exams. Doctors also recommend this nootropic for people who are under stress and at the level of nervous exhaustion.

Pros:

• Effective drug;
• Suitable for children;
• Based on herbs.

Minuses:

• Do not use for kidney problems, pregnant and breastfeeding mothers.

The best new generation nootropic Semax will appeal to buyers who do not like to swallow pills, and even more so, inject the drug intravenously. It is instilled into the nose and acts on proteins that interact with the nervous system. The drug begins to act immediately, immediately after the introduction, an improvement in concentration is felt and the level of stress decreases. Semax is the best nootropic drug developed according to the most modern requirements.

Pros:

• Convenient input method;
• Effective for 24 hours after a single injection.

Minuses:

• Do not use during pregnancy and lactation, and also not recommended for people suffering from acute psychosis.

What are new generation nootropic drugs and how do they differ from other drugs of this group, what active ingredients do they contain and for what diseases and disorders are they indicated, the rules for using nootropics.

Nootropic drugs of the new generation are the means that are responsible for stimulating the brain and its work, protecting nervous reactions. The list of new drugs in this group is quite large. As a rule, these are complex substances that consist of the nootropic component itself, as well as a number of additional ingredients, such as amino acids, antioxidants, vitamins, which improve the functioning of brain cells.

Features and types of new generation nootropics

Nootropics in various forms have been used by people since ancient times. The simplest and very first known nootropic is choline. The substance contains eggs, meat, fish, seafood. After eating a meal that is rich in animal protein, the hormone serotonin is produced in the brain.

It is responsible for the feeling of pleasure, and also positively affects the connections of neurons. The brain is included in active work, memory becomes better, as well as thought processes. Similar nootropic simplest substances are found in green tea, coffee, nicotine, amphetamines.

After nootropic drugs were developed and studied in the laboratory in the middle of the 20th century, a classification of these drugs was created: stimulants, reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, racetams, vasodilators, metabolic enhancers.

Currently, racetams are mainly used in medicine. These substances are the basis of new nootropics. Racetams are a chemical structure that is derived from pyrrolidine. To date, there are many different pharmacological preparations of the new generation.

Previously, in order to improve mental activity, plant components such as lemongrass, ginseng, ginkgo biloba were widely used. These plants are now the ingredients of nootropic drugs. Unlike natural natural stimulants, the latter have a more precise effect on specific areas of the brain.

This makes it possible to use new drugs not only to enhance memory and improve intelligence, but also in the treatment of more serious abnormalities and ailments, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Due to this, these drugs are considered the most effective among all nootropics.

Composition and characteristics of the components of new nootropics

As a rule, such drugs contain two or more components that complement each other's action. Often in the composition of new nootropics can be found:

1. Dimethylaminoethanol. This is a substance that is actively involved in the synthesis of acetylcholine. Acts as an antioxidant, improves memory, mental abilities, physical endurance.
2. Gamma aminobutyric acid. The main inhibitory neurotransmitter of the CNS. It takes an active part in the metabolism of the brain, as well as in neurotransmitter processes.
3. Pantothenic acid (B5). Participates in the metabolic processes of the brain, the synthesis of acetylcholine. Participates in the synthesis of neurotransmitters.
4. Pyridoxine (B6). This is a coenzyme of proteins, which is involved in the uniform supply of glucose to the cells of the body, is involved in the processing of amino acids.
5. Vitamin B15. Helps eliminate cell hypoxia, has a vasodilating effect, has a detoxifying property.
6. Vitamin E. It takes part in the synthesis of hormones, acts as an antioxidant, prevents the formation of blood clots, and helps the muscles to function normally.
7. Folic acid. Participates in the processes of DNA replication, in cell division.

Useful properties of new generation nootropics

According to the definition of the World Health Organization, the group of new generation nootropics should include drugs that have a direct activating effect on the learning process, memory, and mental activity. In addition, these drugs increase the resistance of the brain to various aggressive factors.

The general properties of new nootropic drugs are as follows:

• Improving thought processes - learning or cognitive functions;
• Increasing the speed of memorization and durability of data storage;
• Growth of intellectual activity, increase in the volume of intellectual abilities;
• Forgetfulness of stressful conditions and information about various pains;
• Stimulation of metabolic processes in neuronal tissue, mainly in various pathologies, such as intoxication, trauma, anoxia;
• Improving the impact on the mental state and higher nervous activity in morphological and functional pathologies;
• The growth of the resistance of the mental processes of the brain to adverse factors of the internal and external environment: stroke, trauma, hypoxia.

New generation nootropic drugs do not affect the psyche and higher nervous activity of a healthy person.

Indications for the use of new nootropics

Let us consider in more detail what are the indications for taking new generation nootropic drugs to increase mental activity:

1. Psychoorganic Syndrome. In medicine, it is understood as an extensive group of diseases that manifest themselves in dystrophic changes in nervous tissues. These are such ailments: epilepsy, various types of dementia, Parkinson's disease, neuroinfections, cerebral palsy, ischemic stroke.
2. Chronic alcoholism, which is accompanied by withdrawal symptoms and delirium.
3. Addiction.
4. Organic and neurotic asthenia, asthenoneurotic and asthenodepressive syndromes, VVD, migraine, sleep disorders, emotional lability.
5. Correction of the neuroleptic syndrome.
6. Violation of proper urination of neurogenic etiology.
7. Somatic-vegetative disorders.
8. Neurotic and neurosis-like pathologies.
9. Chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency.
10. Sickle cell anemia.
11. Chronic psychopathology, schizophrenia, childhood oligophrenia, neurosis-like disorders, depression.
12. Organic brain syndrome of the elderly.
13. As part of the complex treatment of ophthalmic pathologies.

Side effects and contraindications of new nootropics

Each drug of the nootropic class has its own contraindications. In general terms, the following can be distinguished:

• Pregnancy;
• Lactation;
• Individual intolerance to the components;
• Psychomotor agitation;
• bulimia;
• kidney failure;
• Liver failure;
• Chorea of ​​Huntington;
• Period after acute hemorrhagic stroke;
• Severe renal impairment.

The mechanism of action of new generation nootropic drugs

Nootropic drugs directly affect a number of brain functions. As a result, the interaction between the hemispheres and the main centers of the cortex improves.

New generation drugs increase the utilization of sugar, as well as the formation of ATP, have a stimulating effect on the synthesis of RNA and proteins. The process of oxidative phosphorylation under their influence is suspended, and cell membranes are stabilized.

The mechanisms of action of new nootropics include:

1. Antioxidant;
2. Membrane stabilizing;
3. Neuroprotective;
4. Antihypoxic.

The advantage of this mechanism of action is that there are no irreversible changes in the cortex. With the ease with which racetam molecules bind to receptors, they are detached.

In addition, since the human body does not produce racetams on its own, it is unlikely that there will be side products that can cause negative effects. Thus, a powerful nootropic effect is achieved without side effects.

Each racetam is uniquely formulated to bind to specific neuroreceptors. As a rule, such drugs are used in groups in order to achieve the best effect.

The effectiveness of new generation nootropic drugs for the elderly increases if they are combined with psychostimulants and angioprotectors. Thus, disturbed intellectual functions are stimulated and corrected. For children, neurometabolic stimulants are recommended to combat mental retardation.

Instructions for using new nootropics

Self-administration of new generation nootropic drugs without a doctor's recommendation is prohibited. It is only permissible to use herbal medicines based on ginkgo biloba, lemongrass and other plants without prescribing. Such drugs are rather biologically active additives than medicines.

There are many different drugs in this group. They have a different form and direction of action. They are mainly produced in the form of tablets, capsules, injection solutions and suspensions.

It should be noted that the maximum effectiveness of the use of these drugs is achieved only after several weeks and even months.

Overview of New Generation Nootropics

The list of new generation nootropic drugs is quite extensive. As a rule, the latest drugs have a combined composition and combine racetams and excipients.

Popular means are:

• Phezam. It is a combination of Piracetam and Cynarizine. The medicine is in the form of capsules. It is recommended as a tool in the complex therapy for the treatment of circulatory disorders in the brain. After its use, microcirculation in the brain improves, blood vessels expand, vision and hearing improve. The drug eliminates the effects of hypoxia, relieves headaches, dizziness, fights amnesia. As a rule, people who have suffered a stroke, encephalitis and various traumatic brain injuries are prescribed Phezam for a long time. The price for a package of the drug (60 capsules) ranges from 170 to 250 rubles.
• Orocetam. The combination of piracetam and orotic acid. These are intravenous injections. The drug helps to overcome severe brain intoxication. Improves metabolic processes in brain cells. Activates the reparative and detoxifying function of the liver. The price is about 50 rubles per ampoule of the drug.
• Thiocetam. Combination of piracetam and thiotriosalin. It is in the form of tablets and injections. It is used to improve cerebral circulation in the cerebral cortex. It is often used to treat speech disorders and the consequences of alcohol intoxication. The price of the new generation nootropic drug Thiocetam is 540 rubles per pack of 60 tablets.

Nootropic drugs that improve the nutrition and blood circulation of the brain belong to the category of drugs that improve the activity of the higher mental functions of the brain:

Another positive effect is the protection of the gray matter of the brain from overload and oxygen starvation. They are also used in the treatment of strokes and heart attacks.

Pharmacological group

Nootropics are assigned to a separate pharmacological group (ATX code: N06ВХ).

The first discovered nootropic is Piracetam (1963), which gave rise to a branch of "racetoms". He became the main competitor for psychostimulants, but at the same time did not have side effects (addictive, exhaustion, psychomotor agitation, intoxication), which the latter sinned. The new synthesized drug improved memory, attention, helped to concentrate better. At the dawn of its existence, the new drug was used to treat brain dysfunction in the elderly.

In 1972, a new designation was proposed - "nootropic". Piracetam is now known under the trade name Nootropil. However, its mechanism of action is still not fully understood.

What is the therapeutic effect of drugs of the group

It ensures the work of the following mechanisms, due to which a positive effect is achieved from taking nootropics:

• supports the energy structure of the neuron;
• improves the main and conductive functions of the central nervous system;
• activates the plastic function of the central nervous system;
• improves metabolic processes (utilization of glucose);
• stabilizes cell membranes;
• reduces the neuron's need for oxygen;
• has a neuroprotective effect.

Pharmacological properties and mechanism of action

The active substances of nootropics penetrate well through the myelin barrier of nerve fibers. In the neuron, there is an increase in metabolism, bioenergetic and bioelectrical processes, and neurotransmitter exchanges are accelerated.

In the nerve cell, the concentration of adenylate cyclase, norepinephrine increases; ATP is more actively produced (even in conditions of lack of oxygen), GABA, dopamine. The work and release of the serotonin mediator is faster, glucose is more efficiently utilized.

Due to these processes, the body receives a stimulating effect in relation to cognitive functions, for which nootropics received the additional name "cognition stimulants". In addition to positive changes in the nerve cell, neurostimulators improve microcirculation and blood flow in the brain.

Result of action and expected effect

Nootropic action leads to the following effects:

• the mental function is activated;
• memory improves;
• consciousness is cleared;
• increased physical strength;
• there is an antidepressant effect;
• there is a sedative effect;
• fat burning occurs;
• immunity is strengthened;
• operational readiness is activated.

Classification of modern nootropics

There are a huge number of developed nootropic drugs around the world (the full list includes up to 132 items). In pharmacology, the following groups of drugs have been synthesized, which are subdivided according to their chemical composition:

1. Group of the pyrrolidine series ("racetams"): Etiracetam; Oxiracetam; Pramiracetam.
2. Group derived from dimethylaminoethanol: Phenotropil; Deanol aceglumate; Meclofenoxate.
3. GABAergic: Aminalon; Picamilon; Phenibut.
4. Pyridoxine derivative group: Pyritinol; Biotredin.
5. Neuropeptides: Noopept; Semax; Selank.
6. Polypeptides: Cortexin; Cerebrolysin; Cerebramin.
7. Amino acids: Glycine; Biotredin.
8. A group derived from 2-mercantobenzimidazole: ethylthiobenzimidazole hydrobromide (Bemitil).
9. Vitamin: Idebenone.

Drugs of the old and new generation

Nootropics are also divided into old and new generation groups. The nootropics of the old generation include drugs discovered at the dawn of the synthesis of neurostimulants. This is the so-called. derivatives of the first open nootropic - Piracetam ("racetams"). These include:

• Oxiracetam;
• Aniracetam;
• Etiracetam;
• Pramiracetam;
• Dupracetam;
• Rolziracetam;
• Cebracetam;
• Nefiracetam;
• Isacetam;
• Detiracetam.

With the advent of the 90s of the 20th century. opens a new page in the history of the development of nootropics. Modern drugs have a more flexible selective action and fewer side effects. Here is a list of the most popular new generation nootropics:

• Phezam (improvement of cerebral circulation, protein and energy metabolism, has a vasodilating effect);
• Phenylpiracetam (stroke recovery, improvement of attention, concentration, memory, improves the transfer of information between the hemispheres, anticonvulsant effect);
• Noopept (restoration of memory and other lost cognitive functions, relief of anxiety, treatment of headaches);
• Selank (relieves anxiety and stress, increased mental capacity, uplifting mood).

What is good for a Russian is death for a German

In the post-Soviet space, nootropics are associated with drugs that enhance "brain metabolism". However, in addition to the nootropic, these drugs also have a number of other therapeutic effects. Therefore, brain stimulants are also used as medicines for diseases of the brain.

Group drugs can be prescribed for the following disorders:

Basically, such treatment is experimental in nature and often leads to side effects and increased symptoms of certain diseases.

Consider the indications and contraindications for use for the most popular drugs in this group.

Piracetam

It is structurally similar to GABA. It has a neuroprotective and vascular effect. Indications for the use of piracetam:

Despite the fact that in Western medicine this remedy is not medicinal, in Russia piracetam began to be used for therapeutic purposes in a number of diseases:

Contraindications to the use of the drug:

Phenotropil

New generation nootropic, which belongs to the group of so-called. "racetams". Stimulates motor reactions (similar to doping). It has an anticonvulsant and antiasthenic effect. Indications for use:

Contraindications for use: individual intolerance.

Semax

Domestic development belonging to the group of neuropeptide nootropics. Applies to the following cases:

• increased adaptive capacity under stress;
• prevention of psycho-emotional overload;
• deterioration in concentration;
• memory impairment;
• recovery after craniocerebral operations;
• migraine.

There are the following contraindications:

• hypersensitivity to nootropic components;
• acute mental illness;
• anxiety;
• convulsions.

Side effects

Nootropics are a double-edged sword when it comes to brain function. Their reception in compliance with all instructions will have a beneficial effect. However, if you deviate even a step from the prescriptions of doctors, this can lead to an increase in the symptoms of the disease for which the drug is prescribed, or it can have a negative effect on cognitive functions.

Consider the pronounced side effects on the examples of the most popular drugs:

1. Piracetam. Side effects caused by this drug: deterioration of intellectual abilities; increased dementia; increased anxiety and irritability; sleep disturbance or drowsiness; decreased concentration; violation of the digestive tract (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea).
2. Phenotropil. Side effects caused by this drug are as follows: insomnia; psychomotor agitation; hyperemia of the skin; increase in pressure; feeling of warmth.
3. Semax. No side effects were found, except for irritation of the nasal mucosa with frequent use of the vial.

Application features

It should be remembered that a drug that stimulates brain activity should be used only after certain conditions are met.

The first thing to do is to consult with a neurologist. After a positive verdict is received from the doctor, you should prepare your body for taking the nootropic.

This preparation consists in a kind of laying the foundation on which the building of the effective action of the brain stimulator will be erected. This foundation is the fortification of the body, in which the necessary substances, when taking a nootropic, will reach the brain faster and more efficiently at the molecular level, which will allow the stimulant to be better absorbed. Vitaminization includes the following substances and natural complexes:

Dosages and schemes for taking nootropics from the TOP-3

The nuances of the use and dosage of popular nootropics.

He was the first

The beneficial effects of Piracetam appear only after long-term use. Excretion from the body through the kidneys. The course is 6-8 weeks on mg / day.

• capsules;
• solution for intramuscular and intravenous administration;
• oral solution;
• syrup;
• tablets.

Phenotropil

After taking Phenotropil is quickly absorbed by the body and penetrates into all tissues. Excretion from the body is carried out through the kidneys and liver.

Domestic development

How to take Semax:

Release form: dropper bottle.

Golden Ten

Based on the reviews, we have compiled a list of the best nootropic drugs according to the people:

Efficiency not proven?

The attitude of the luminaries of medicine to nootropics is fanned with doubts and uncertainty. Countless clinical trials of nootropics are still being conducted, but this pharmacological group has not been able to gain a foothold in the status of drugs with proven efficacy.

Observations of specialists made it possible to draw a number of more or less stable conclusions regarding the following drugs:

1. Piracetam. Clinical studies (333 studies since 1972) have shown that the drug has a reinforcing effect on the effect of taking antidepressants, psychostimulants and indirect anticoagulants. Its effectiveness has been proven in the treatment of ischemic strokes (except acute) and heart attacks, due to its ability to compensate for oxygen deficiency.
2. Vinpocetine. This drug, which has passed 27 clinical trials, still remains unconvincing for specialists in some of its properties. However, it was noted that the drug is able to have a vascular effect (vasodilating), stimulates the metabolism in the brain tissues. It is used for brain injuries, strokes, atherosclerosis of the brain, memory disorders.
3. Cerebrolysin. 53 clinical trials. Doctors noted that the drug has a positive effect in the treatment of acute strokes and helps to alleviate the condition of patients with Alzheimer's disease.

What is there for children?

For children, there are special granules for making syrup. In pediatric practice, cases of the use of nootropics are known in cases of the following disorders:

• cerebrosthenic;
• encephalopathic;
• memory impairment;
• intellectual retardation.

Indications for the use of nootropics in childhood:

Patient reviews and a doctor's review of nootropics will help to finally clarify the situation.

The opinion of ordinary people

I took Piracetam capsules. The drug really works, but you should not expect something supernatural from it. I never became a genius, but the learning processes are really improving, which helped me successfully prepare for the exam at the institute. It also helped me concentrate on my exams.

The first nootropic I came across was Piracetam. I took it according to all the rules (along with vitamins and lecithin). After a two-month course, I can say that I liked the effect: increased arousal, a desire to do something, a long-term retention of concentration.

I have been interested in the topic of nootropics for a long time, I have tried a lot, and I especially want to mention Phenotropil. After taking it, the effect of time dilation is felt. I succeed. Take some strength away. Once I wrote a term paper in 3 hours (took 3 pills).

Physician Review

As a doctor, I am interested in the effect of nootropics in the framework of evidence-based medicine. Let's define terms. Evidence-based medicine is a series of studies of a drug or treatment method on a certain number of patients. The methods and preparations that have passed this selection can be considered proven effective.

Does this mean that all methods and medicines that have not received the recognition of doctors, remaining with the status of "ineffective", cannot be used in medical practice? Rating drugs that have successfully passed testing do not always have the desired effect. Just like medicines that were screened out during research, they can still be useful.

Nootropics in the light of evidence-based medicine are heavily criticized, their effect is equated to the placebo effect. Most of these drugs have not received recognition.

But I cannot agree with this position, since for 15 years I have been observing a pronounced clinical effect from some nootropic drugs (Phenibut). On the other hand, the drug Picamelon does not give such a rosy picture - the desired effect is not observed.

The well-known stimulant of brain activity Nootropil showed itself remarkably well in terms of a stimulant of operational readiness. However, none of these drugs has received recognition from the scientific community.

Thus, the doctor should not blindly focus on the standards of evidence-based medicine. He must choose what is suitable for this particular patient in this particular situation.

Summing up

Throughout its almost half a century of history, this pharmacological group has undergone significant evolution. More than a hundred trade names of nootropics have been created.

Their functionality includes a wide practical range: from the treatment of senile brain dysfunction to applications in obstetrics, neurology and psychiatry. However, the mechanisms of their effect on the human body have not yet been unraveled - scientists have not yet come to the main proven hypothesis of its work.

Further testing of the drug continues, new samples are being synthesized.

I really like the nootronic, my wife and I drink it, now we don’t sit at home without strength after a hard day))

I don't know if nootropics work. I prescribe them because the old guys at the institute said that this should be done. Children take them for years and there is an effect, but how to prove that this is the effect of a nootropic, and not other methods of treatment or simply compensation by the body? I read the results of studies (333 for Piracetam, of which exactly 0 (N-O-L-L) - proved that it has an effect), I read about the clinical experience of foreign colleagues - “nootropics are considered dietary supplements and are not on the list of drugs in the USA, Europe” . Parents ask me “Do they work?!”

I convince them, I persuade them to take Cortexin, Pantogam, Phenibut, Cerebrolysin, etc. I'm not sure about their effectiveness.

P.S .: My friend Socrates, let's define the terms - "evidence-based medicine" is based on evidence, not the opinion of doctors (expert opinion is the effectiveness criterion D, while the results of studies are criterion A or B. There is also C - this is the result of efficacy studies , but on a very narrow sample and specific conditions.There are also F. and E).

P.P.S. There is drug #1 and drug #2. it has been proven that drug No. 1 acts on the body and leads to the result X and does not lead to the result Y, Z.

It has been proven that drug No. 2 acts on the body and does not lead to the result Y.

And then there is a researcher who wants to see the Y result after drug #2.

and seeing the result Y after the use of preparations No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, do you think it is logical to explain this as the result of the action of preparation No. 2?

Nootropics: action, indications, list of modern and effective, reviews

Nootropics are a group of psychotropic drugs that affect the higher functions of the brain and increase its resistance to negative exogenous factors: excessive stress, intoxication, trauma or hypoxia. Nootropics improve memory, increase intelligence, stimulate cognitive activity.

From the ancient Greek language, the term "nootropics" means "the desire for thinking." For the first time this concept was introduced in the last century by pharmacologists from Belgium. Cerebroprotectors activate neurometabolic processes in the brain and increase the overall resistance of the body to the action of extreme factors.

Nootropics were not singled out as an independent pharmacological group, they were combined with psychostimulants. Unlike the latter, nootropics are antihypoxants, but they do not have a negative effect on the body, do not disrupt brain activity, do not affect motor reactions, and do not have a hypnotic and analgesic effect. Nootropics do not increase psychophysical activity and do not cause pharmacological dependence.

All nootropics are divided into 2 large groups:

• "True" nootropics that have the only effect - improving memory and speech;
• "Neuroprotectors" with antihypoxic, sedative, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant effects.

Nootropics have a primary effect, which is a direct effect on the structures of the nervous system, and a secondary effect aimed at improving microcirculation in the brain, preventing thrombosis and hypoxia. Nootropics stimulate metabolic processes in the nervous tissue and normalize them during ischemia, poisoning and traumatic injury.

Currently, pharmacologists are developing and synthesizing the latest nootropic drugs that have fewer side effects and are more effective. They are characterized by low toxicity and practically do not cause complications. The therapeutic effect of nootropics develops gradually. They should be taken continuously and for a long time.

New generation nootropics are used in various medical fields: pediatrics, obstetrics, neurology, psychiatry and narcology.

Mechanism of action

Nootropics have a direct impact on a number of brain functions, activate them, stimulate mental activity and memory processes. They facilitate the interaction of the right and left hemispheres, as well as the main centers located in the cerebral cortex. Nootropics rejuvenate the body and prolong life.

Neurometabolic cerebroprotectors are nootropic drugs that received a second name due to their biogenic origin and effect on cellular metabolism. These medicines increase the utilization of glucose and the formation of ATP, stimulate the biosynthesis of proteins and RNA, inhibit the process of oxidative phosphorylation, and stabilize cell membranes.

Mechanisms of action of nootropics:

• Membrane stabilizing;
• Antioxidant;
• Antihypoxic;
• Neuroprotective.

As a result of the course use of nootropic drugs, mental and cognitive processes improve, intelligence increases, metabolism in the nervous tissue is activated, and the resistance of the brain to the negative effects of endogenous and exogenous factors increases. Cerebrovasoactive drugs also have a special mechanism of vasodilating action.

The effectiveness of nootropics increases when combined with angioprotectors and psychostimulants, especially in debilitated individuals.

Nootropic drugs are most often prescribed for the elderly and children. In old age, it is necessary to correct impaired functions of the intellect: attention and memory, as well as increase creative activity. For children, neurometabolic stimulants will help in the fight against mental retardation.

Main Effects

Nootropics have the following effects on the human body:

spectrum of action of nootropics

1. Psychostimulating - stimulation of brain functions in mentally inert individuals suffering from hypobulia, apathy, psychomotor retardation.
2. Antihypoxic - formation of resistance of brain cells to oxygen deficiency.
3. Sedative - soothing, inhibiting effect on the body.
4. Antiasthenic - elimination of symptoms of asthenic syndrome.
5. Antidepressant - the fight against depression.
6. Antiepileptic - prevention of convulsions, loss and confusion of consciousness, behavioral and autonomic disorders.
7. Nootropic - stimulation of cognitive activity.
8. Adaptogenic - the development of the body's resistance to the effects of negative factors.
9. Vasovegetative - acceleration of cerebral blood flow and elimination of the main symptoms of neurocirculatory dystonia.
10. Lipolytic - the use of fatty acids as an energy source.
11. Antitoxic - neutralization or excretion of various toxic substances from the body.
12. Immunostimulating - strengthening the immune system and increasing the overall resistance of the body.

Indications and contraindications

Indications for the use of nootropics:

• Psychoorganic syndrome is a large group of diseases manifested by dystrophic changes in the nervous tissue. These include dementia of various etiologies, neuroinfection, epilepsy, parkinsonism, ischemic stroke, cerebral palsy.
• Chronic alcoholism with withdrawal symptoms or delirium.
• Addiction.
• Correction of the neuroleptic syndrome.
• Asthenia of neurotic or organic origin: asthenodepressive and asthenoneurotic syndromes, vegetative-vascular dystonia, insomnia, migraine, emotional lability.
• Somatovegetative disorders.
• Urinary disorders of neurogenic origin.
• Chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency.
• Neurosis-like and neurotic disorders.
• Chronic psychopathology: neurosis-like disorders, schizophrenia, depression, oligophrenia in children.
• Sickle cell anemia.
• Organic brain syndrome in the elderly.
• Complex therapy of ophthalmic pathology.

Nootropics are contraindicated in individuals with individual hypersensitivity to the main active ingredient of the drug, severe psychomotor agitation, hepatic and renal insufficiency or bulimia, as well as those who have had an acute hemorrhagic stroke, suffering from Hettington's chorea, having severe renal dysfunction, pregnant and lactating women.

Side effects

Side effects that occur during treatment with nootropic drugs:

1. hyperexcitability,
2. Weakness,
3. Insomnia,
4. Anxiety, anxiety,
5. dyspeptic symptoms,
6. hypotension,
7. Hepato- or nephrotoxicity,
8. eosinophilia,
9. Frequent attacks of angina pectoris
10. Convulsions, epileptic seizures,
11. imbalance,
12. hallucinations,
13. Ataxia,
14. confusion,
15. Fever,
16. Thrombophlebitis and pain at the injection site,
17. motor disinhibition,
18. Feeling of heat and flushing of the face,
19. Eruptions on the face and body like urticaria.

Description of drugs

List of the best nootropic drugs that have become widespread in medical practice:

• "Piracetam" has a positive effect on metabolic processes in the brain. The drug is prescribed for the treatment of dizziness, memory improvement, correction of dyslexia, cerebral stenosis and encephalopathy in children. "Piracetam" is an emergency remedy for withdrawal symptoms and delirium in alcoholics. It is used for viral neuroinfections and in the complex therapy of myocardial infarction.
• "Vinpocetine" is a neurometabolic agent that dilates the vessels of the brain and improves microcirculation. The drug supplies the brain tissue with oxygen and nutrients, reduces systemic blood pressure. Vinpocetine tablets thin the blood and improve its rheological properties. The drug has an antioxidant and neuroprotective effect. First, the drug is administered intravenously by drip for 14 days, and then proceed to oral administration of tablets.
• "Fenibut" is prescribed to patients with asthenia, neurosis, insomnia, dysfunction of the vestibular apparatus. Children "Fenibut" helps to cope with stuttering and tics. The drug normalizes metabolism in tissues, has a psychostimulating, antiplatelet and antioxidant effect. Phenibut is low toxic and non-allergic.
• "Pantogam" is an effective nootropic agent widely used to treat children. The main active ingredient of the drug is vitamin B 15. This is a physiologically active substance found in almost all plants and products.
• "Phenotropil" is a drug of the latest generation, which is popular with both patients and doctors. It has a pronounced adaptogenic effect and increases the body's resistance to stress. The drug does not cause dependence. It is often recommended to students during preparation for a session.
• Fezam is a nootropic drug intended for the complex treatment of cerebrovascular disorders. It has an effective effect on the nervous system, improves brain microcirculation, dilates blood vessels, stimulates the functioning of the organ of hearing and vision. "Fezam" eliminates the effects of hypoxia, relieves headaches, fights against dizziness and amnesia. Persons who have had a stroke, encephalitis or head injury take Phezam for a long time. It helps patients recover quickly and eliminates the negative consequences of pathologies. "Piracetam" and "Cinnarizine", which are part of the drug, dilate the vessels of the brain, improve brain nutrition, protein and carbohydrate metabolism, stimulate local blood flow, and reduce blood viscosity. Thanks to both components, the antihypoxic effect and antiplatelet activity are enhanced, the metabolism in the cells of the nervous system improves.
• "Cinnarizine" is a nootropic drug that strengthens the walls of cerebral vessels and causes them to dilate without changing blood pressure indicators. "Cinnarizine" has a sensitizing effect, suppresses nystagmus and is an effective prophylactic against motion sickness. It dilates small arteries and peripheral capillaries. The drug is released in a single dosage form - in the form of tablets for oral administration. "Cinnarizine" is prescribed not only for the treatment of cerebrovascular insufficiency, but also for the prevention of migraine attacks and kinetosis. The medicine stops the symptoms of vegetovascular dystonia and hypertension: tinnitus, weakness, headache, dizziness. "Cinnarizine" is used to alleviate the condition in menopause. The drug normalizes sleep, relieves irritability, headache, eliminates hot flashes.
• Cerebrolysin is a complex nootropic drug that has passed clinical trials that have confirmed its effectiveness and safety. The drug is produced in the form of tablets and solution for injection. "Cerebrolysin" is prescribed for the treatment of patients with various forms of mental and neurological diseases. According to reviews, "Cerebrolysin" activates the processes of mental activity and improves mood. Long-term use of the drug improves memory processes, increases concentration and learning ability.
• "Actovegin" is an antihypoxant intended for the treatment of metabolic and vascular disorders of the brain and promotes rapid healing of wounds. The drug is used for the prevention and treatment of radiation skin lesions, peripheral vascular disorders, diabetic polyneuropathy. "Actovegin" is produced in tablets for oral administration, as well as in the form of a solution for intramuscular, intravenous and intra-arterial injections. Gel, ointment and cream "Actovegin" is used topically.

Patient Nootropic Reviews

Most reviews of nootropic drugs are positive, due to their effectiveness in various vascular disorders. Nootropics normalize the condition of patients for a long time, eliminating the symptoms of cerebrovascular insufficiency.

Maria: The Phenibut drug helped me cope with a difficult life situation, which first made me fall into depression, and then completely deprived me of peace and sleep. I wanted to cry and scream all the time. Phenibut was prescribed to my child by a neurologist. After reading the instructions, I decided to drink it. The pills gave me back my sleep, peace and tranquility. Nervousness, irritability and anxiety no longer torment me. My child after treatment with Phenibut began to sleep better. He no longer gives me causeless tantrums. I would recommend this drug to people suffering from insomnia, apathy for everything, depression. For me, Phenibut is the best nootropic!

Oleg Anatolyevich: "Piracetam" is a classic, true nootropic drug that has had the most beneficial effect on my body. For many years I suffer from arthrosis, chondrosis, vegetative-vascular dystonia. Problems with the spine and blood vessels led to the fact that the brain ceased to regularly receive oxygen and the nutrients it needs. After the first three days of taking Piracetam, I developed drowsiness, which subsided unnoticed on its own, and with it anxiety, tension, and apathy. An amazing lightness appeared in the body. The brain began to work much better, attention and memory improved, working capacity increased. The mood improved noticeably and steadily, it became even and positive throughout the day. It costs a lot!

Dmitry: I have been suffering from headaches since childhood. And not so long ago there were panic attacks, heart palpitations, pulsation in the temples. The neurologist prescribed me the nootropic drug Phezam. You need to take it in a course of one tablet three times a day. I drank a pill during an attack, after which the pulse returned to normal, the headache disappeared, anxiety dulled. In addition, I noticed that Phezam is excellent for nausea, motion sickness and dizziness. I rarely drink this drug, but it always helps. I recommend it to anyone who is worried and often nervous.

Zinaida: I took Picamilon as a preventive measure. The body does not always recover quickly after physical or mental stress. Nootropics speed up the healing process. "Pikamilon" improves the mental state, increases the resistance of the nervous system to aggressive influences, is used for depression, heavy physical exertion. This harmless drug always helps me. In addition, it is excellent value for money. The cost of tablets "Pikamilon" is rubles, and the solution for injection - 120 rubles. In general, I'm satisfied!

Most reviews on the use of nootropics for children are positive. 10 days after the start of treatment, children's sleep improves, it becomes deep and long. They better focus on their studies and perceive educational material. The latest nootropics are well tolerated by children. The only disadvantage of this group of drugs is their ability to cause drowsiness and lethargy in the first days of treatment.

Nootropics: a list of drugs

Nootropics are a group of drugs widely used in neurology. They improve brain function and have many other positive effects.

Nootropics - what kind of drugs?

Nootropics are understood as a group of psychotropic drugs that increase the resistance of the central nervous system to the action of negative factors - injuries, poisoning, oxygen starvation, insomnia, stress. Another name for drugs is cerebroprotectors.

Nootropics are combined in one section with psychostimulants, but they have a significant difference from the latter. They do not cause dependence, do not increase physical activity, are not harmful to the body, do not affect reactions and the most important processes. New generation nootropics are now widely used in neurology, pediatrics, psychiatry, and narcology. The mechanism of action of drugs is based on:

• increased glucose utilization;
• accelerating the formation of ATP, proteins and RNA;
• suppression of oxidative processes;
• stabilization of cell membranes.

The primary effect of nootropics is a positive effect on the nervous system. The secondary action is aimed at optimizing blood flow in the brain, preventing the appearance of blood clots, and preventing oxygen deficiency.

Types and functions of nootropics

The entire list of nootropics can be divided into 2 groups - true and neuroprotective. The former improve memory, speech and a number of other brain functions. The second ones are higher in efficiency, as they have additional effects - relaxing, calming, antihypoxic, etc.

Which nootropics are better to take, only a doctor can determine. There are different groups of drugs, each of which has its own indications.

Some drugs should be taken to improve metabolism in the brain, others are better for increasing cerebral blood flow, and others optimize memory and assimilation of educational material. Due to the difference in indications, the selection of drugs should be entrusted to a specialist.

To whom are drugs indicated?

Now nootropics are prescribed for adults and children, because the range of their use is very wide. Medicines increase physical activity, endurance, therefore they are shown to athletes, people engaged in physical labor. For an elderly person, they will help correct age-related changes in memory, intelligence, and disorders in dementia.

For schoolchildren, students, medicines will be useful for better assimilation of information during intense workloads, exams.

What other indications exist for taking medications? It:

1. chronic vascular insufficiency;
2. previous stroke and head injury;
3. neuroses, neurotic disorders;
4. vegetovascular dystonia;
5. stressful conditions, depression;

Even with urinary disorders that are caused by nerve disorders, nootropics can help. They are also prescribed for anemia, diseases of the eyes, spine.

Most Popular Nootropics

In the ranking of cerebroprotectors, the first places are occupied by true nootropics without additional effects. Many of them belong to the drugs of past generations, but they do not give up their positions because of their high efficiency, low price, and availability. If we consider widely prescribed nootropics, the list of drugs will be as follows:

1. Nootropil (Piracetam) - from 25 rubles. It is prescribed to almost all patients of neurologists, is available in solution, tablets. It improves the mechanisms of remembering information, has a positive effect on learning, increases the nutrition of the nervous tissue and glial cells. Also, the drug protects the brain from hypoxia, increases stress resistance. You can not take Piracetam with hemorrhagic stroke, with renal failure.

Semax is a unique cerebroprotector (nasal drops, from 400 rubles). It contains peptides that have a powerful nootropic, protective, antioxidant, antihypoxic effect.

What nootropics are still prescribed by doctors?

In addition to the drugs described, there are other cerebroprotectors recommended by doctors. For example, the drug Phenotropil (1070 rubles) is one of the best nootropics prescribed for asthenic syndrome, as a neuromodulator and anticonvulsant.

The drug improves mood, speeds up the exchange of information between the hemispheres, increases the threshold for pain perception and the body's resistance during periods of increased stress. The drug optimizes the quality of life in many nervous disorders.

Due to the psychostimulating effect, Phenotropil cannot be purchased without a prescription!

The list of nootropic drugs is impressive. Among the medical appointments you can find the following:

1. Actovegin (600 rubles). It is indicated after strokes, with diabetic neuropathy, TBI, trophic pathologies, it is well tolerated by patients, it is allowed even for pregnant women.

Other well-known cerebroprotectors are Meclofenoxate, Aminalon, Bemitil, Calcium hopantenate, Neurobutal, Instenon, etc.

New generation drugs

Combination preparations containing several active ingredients are very popular now. The representative of the latest generation of drugs is Orocetam (from 500 rubles) - a derivative of orotic acid and piracetam. The remedy is used for severe injuries, intoxications, improves the metabolism of brain tissues, and prevents hypoxic phenomena from developing.

Another remedy is Phezam (piracetam and cinnarizine). The price of the drug is rub., It is indicated for migraines, headaches, after strokes, injuries, improves memory, normalizes brain function in dementia, decreased intelligence. In parallel, the drug dilates blood vessels, optimizing cerebral blood flow.

New generation nootropics are also widely prescribed in ophthalmology - they seriously improve the functioning of the optic nerve.

Among the combined cerebroprotectors, it is worth noting Thiocetam, Tanakan, Akatinol, Omaron, Olatropil, as well as derivatives of gamma-aminobutyric acid - Picamilon, Gammalon, Gamalate B6, Neuro-norm.

Nootropics for children

In pediatrics, only those drugs are used that have a minimum of side effects and contraindications. But in babies with long-term treatment, they can still increase nervous excitability, cause sleep disturbances, so the indications for admission are very strict:

• developmental delay;
• hyperactivity disorder, attention deficit;

Children are most often prescribed medicines Phenibut, Pantogam in syrups, an older child can be given tablets, capsules. Glycine, an amino acid related to the body, is considered harmless to the body. Also in pediatrics, Cortexin, Picamilon are used, to a limited extent - Mexidol, Neuromultivit. Course application corrects children's pathologies of the central nervous system and is a prevention of the progression of diseases.

Thioctic acid did not help me, and nothing has helped so far, but only poisoned with drugs, now

I had a bad cough just during a cold. The pharmacy advised for treatment

I have heard of many of these. But as for me, Bronchobos helps with coughing best. By the way I

I got rid of papilloma on the palm of my hand in just one day with the help of Celandine, I just applied it on it

I can't tell you about children, I don't have any. But I buy Ingavirin for myself. It's enough for me

Nootropics (Greek noos mind + tropos direction)

The main N. page used in medical practice is piracetam, which chemically is a cyclic analogue of γ-aminobutyric acid (). N.'s properties with. some other analogs of GABA also possess, for example, aminalon, pantogam, and a number of drugs belonging to other classes of chemical compounds (acephen, pyriditol, etc.).

Along with nootropic activity, drugs of this group also have other pharmacological properties. For example, piracetam, pantogam, and aminalon show some anticonvulsant activity, while pyriditol has antidepressant and sedative properties.

N.'s mechanisms of action with. little studied. It is established that N.'s stimulating influence of page. memory and learning are mainly due to their effect on metabolic processes in the nervous tissue. So, it is known that many N. with. stimulate tissue, increase the turnover rate and enhance the utilization of glucose by brain cells. Most of N. with. have antihypoxic properties. N.'s ability with. to improve energy processes in the nervous tissue is one of the main reasons for increasing the resistance of the brain to hypoxia and toxic effects on it under the influence of drugs of this group. Caused by some N. with. an increase in cerebral blood flow, apparently, also plays a role in the mechanisms of their action on the processes of memory, thinking, and learning. Obviously, for this reason, some drugs (for example, cavinton, nicergoline), which mainly improve, have nootropic activity.

Apply N. with. mainly in violation of memory, attention, speech, etc., caused by vascular diseases of the brain (atherosclerosis, chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency, stroke), craniocerebral trauma, intoxication (for example, alcoholism), in the recovery period after suffering neuroinfections and mental insufficiency (mental retardation) and oligophrenia in children. Along with this, individual drugs from among N. s. prescribed for other indications. So, piracetam is sometimes used as a corrector for the side effects of neuroleptics (see Antipsychotics) and other psychotropic drugs, tk. it weakens the mental, neurological and somatovegetative disturbances caused by them. Pantogam is used for Jacksonian epilepsy, hyperkinesis, parkinsonism, a clonic form of stuttering in children and as a corrector for neuroleptic syndrome that occurs during intoxication with antipsychotics. Pyriditol can be included in the complex therapy of neurotic disorders and depression with symptoms of lethargy, adynamia. Acephen is sometimes used for neurotic, hypochondriacal and asthenoilochondriac states, diencephalic syndrome, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Side effects in certain drugs of the N. group with. manifests itself differently, although for many of them the most characteristic signs of this action are increased, anxiety and. Along with this, piracetam can cause dyspeptic disorders and coronary insufficiency, aminalon - dyspeptic disorders, fever and fluctuations mainly in the first days after the appointment of this drug. The side effect of pantogam is manifested mainly by allergic reactions from the skin (skin) and mucous membranes (allergic and conjunctivitis). Pyriditol can cause nausea and headache, and in children, psychomotor. The side effects of acephene are characterized by the appearance of anxiety and fear. In patients with paranoid and hallucinatory symptoms, acephene may cause an increase in them.

General contraindications for use for the N. group with. in no. to the use of aminalon and pantogam have not been established. Piracetam is contraindicated in acute renal failure and pregnancy, pyriditol - with increased convulsive readiness, epilepsy and psychomotor agitation, acephen - with infectious diseases of the central nervous system.

The main N. pages, their doses, methods of application, forms of release and storage conditions are given below.

Aminalon(Aminalonum; synonym: gammalon, ganevrin, etc.) is prescribed orally (before meals) for adults at 0.5-1.25 G 3 times a day, for children, depending on age - in daily doses from 0.5 to 3 G. The duration of the course of treatment is from 2-3 weeks to 2-6 months. Release form: tablets of 0.25 G, coated

Acefen(Acephenum; synonym: analux, cerutil, meclofenoxate hydrochloride, etc.) are used orally at 0.1-0.3 G 3-5 times a day. The duration of the course of treatment is 1-3 months. Release form: tablets of 0.1 G, coated. Storage: list B; in a dry, dark place.

Pantogam(Pantogamum) is taken orally after 15-30 min after meal. Adults are usually prescribed 0.5-1 G, children - 0.25-0.5 G appointment. Daily dose 1.5-3 G(adults) and 0.75-3 G(children) are divided into 3-6 doses. The course of treatment is 1-6 months. Repeated courses of treatment are carried out in 3-6 months. Release form: tablets of 0.25 and 0.5 G. Storage: in a dry, dark place.

Piracetam(Pyracetamum; synonym: nootropil, pyramem, etc.) is used orally, intramuscularly or intravenously. At the beginning of treatment, the drug is administered orally at 0.4 G 3 times a day and increase the dose to a total daily dose of 2.4-3.2 G and more. Upon reaching the therapeutic effect, the daily dose is reduced to 1.2-1.6 G. For children under 5 years of age, the drug is prescribed orally, usually at 0.2 G for admission, from 5 to 16 years old - 0.4 each G 3 times a day. The duration of the course of treatment is from 2-3 weeks to 2-6 months. Repeated courses of treatment are carried out after 6-8 weeks. Intramuscularly or intravenously, the drug is administered first in daily doses of 2-4 G, then in daily doses of 4-6 G. Release form: capsules containing 0.4 G drug; tablets 0.2 G, coated; 20% solution in ampoules of 5 ml. Storage: list B; in a dry, dark place.

Pyriditol(Pyriditolum; synonym: encephabol, pyritinol, etc.) is administered orally after 15-30 min after meals for adults 0.1-0.3 G at the reception, children - 0.05-0.1 G 2-3 times a day. Daily doses for adults 0.2-0.6 G, for children 0.05-0.3 G. At the beginning of treatment, the drug is taken in smaller than average doses. The course of treatment is from 1-3 months to 6-8 months in adults and from 2 weeks to 3 months in children. Repeated courses are carried out in adults after 1-6 months, in children after 3-6 months. Release form: tablets of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 G, coated. Under the name "Encephabol" the drug is produced at 0.1 G in a dragee and in the form of a syrup containing 0.1 G in every 5 ml, in vials of 200 ml. Storage: in a dry, dark place.

1. Small medical encyclopedia. - M.: Medical Encyclopedia. 1991-96 2. First aid. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia. 1994 3. Encyclopedic dictionary of medical terms. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. - 1982-1984.

See what "Nootropics" are in other dictionaries:

- (nootropics) (from the Greek noos mind and tropos turn, direction), lek. in va, selectively stimulating the functions of the brain and increasing energy. body potential. N. p. are able to accelerate learning processes, improve memory and mental ... ... Chemical Encyclopedia

I Psychotropic drugs (Greek psychē soul, consciousness + tropos turn, direction; synonymous with psychopharmacological drugs) drugs that affect mental functions, emotional sphere and behavior. Distinguish the following ... ... Medical Encyclopedia

I Anti-alcohol drugs drugs that reduce or eliminate the effects of alcohol or the consequences of its use. Among P. with. distinguish between sobering drugs and drugs for the treatment of chronic alcoholism. AT… … Medical Encyclopedia

- (from the Greek psyche soul and tropos turn, direction; psychopharmacological agents), lek. in VA, affecting ch. arr. on the psychic body functions. Unlike some other groups of lek. cf. (e.g., narcotic analgesics, ephedrine, ketamine and its ... ... Chemical Encyclopedia

- (ZHNVLS) a list of medicines approved by the Government of the Russian Federation for the purpose of state regulation of prices for medicines. The list of vital drugs covers almost all types of medical care, ... ... Wikipedia

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Nootropics or nootropics, they are also neurometabolic stimulants, substances taken to improve mental abilities. The term "nootropic" is derived from the Greek. νους reason and τροπή I turn, I interfere, I change. It was introduced in 1972 to describe ... ... Wikipedia

Nootropics or nootropics, they are also neurometabolic stimulants, substances taken to improve mental abilities. The term "nootropic" is derived from the Greek. νους reason and τροπή I turn, I interfere, I change. It was introduced in 1972 to describe ... ... Wikipedia

Nootropics or nootropics, they are also neurometabolic stimulants, substances taken to improve mental abilities. The term "nootropic" is derived from the Greek. νους reason and τροπή I turn, I interfere, I change. It was introduced in 1972 to describe ... ... Wikipedia

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