When should the front teeth come out? Teething in children: symptoms. Every baby is individual

Despite the fact that the replacement of temporary dentition gives the child much less discomfort than the appearance of milk teeth, this process is also accompanied by certain side effects. Parents should know which teeth should fall out first, what is the possible reaction of the body to dentition (eruption), in order to understand whether this process is proceeding normally.

Why is milk teeth replaced with permanent teeth?

The renewal of the dentition is due to the expansion of the jaw and the formation of interdental spaces. With the introduction of complementary foods, the chewing load on the gums increases significantly, which provokes the resorption of the roots of milk teeth. By school age, the rudiments of molars are formed, the gradual growth of which leads to the loss of old incisors.

What are the signs to understand that a child is beginning to cut molars?

What symptoms accompany a child when he is teething? The following signs can be distinguished:

These symptoms do not always appear, and the child often tolerates the renewal of the dentition normally. Parents should definitely consult a doctor if the child is concerned about diarrhea, inflammation of the oral mucosa and a temperature above 38 ° C.

A high temperature appears in the evening and indicates the presence of an infection in the body. Give your child an antipyretic as soon as possible to prevent dehydration and seizures.

How is the change of temporary teeth in a child?

By the age of 6, the rudiments of molars are formed on the jaw of the child, they are separated from the milk teeth by a bone plate. These processes press on the septum, which causes the formation of osteoclasts - cells that dissolve minerals in the bone. Destroying the roots of milk teeth, they penetrate into the teeth, leaving only a crown that falls out after the roots are completely dissolved.

The scheme of loss of milk teeth by age

The roots of milk teeth dissolve at the age of 5-6 years. The central lower incisors fall out first. By the age of 8, the lateral incisors fall out, and by the age of 11, the first molars fall out. At the age of 12, the canines and second molars fall out. At this age, certain disorders of the dentition most often occur - due to lack of space, molars grow unevenly, overlapping adjacent processes.

Replacement order

It is impossible to say exactly how long teeth are cut. Often the dentition is completely renewed by the age of 14. The sequence of shifts is adjusted depending on hereditary factors, individual development and previous diseases. The order of eruption of molars:

• at 5-6 years old - molars (“sixes”), the first large teeth erupting in the free corners of the extended jaw;
• by 8 years - central (differ in a wavy edge) and upper (large size is characteristic) incisors;
• by 9 years - lateral incisors;
• up to 12 years - canines and premolars;
• up to 13 years - second premolars;
• up to 18 years - third molars or wisdom teeth, which do not erupt in everyone, but this is not a pathology.

Oral care while changing teeth

During the second dentition, it is especially important to observe the norms of oral hygiene. It is necessary to brush your teeth 2 times a day with special toothpastes for children with fluorine and calcium. For cleaning, brushes with soft rounded bristles are selected that do not injure swollen gums. It is necessary to ensure that the child brushes his teeth thoroughly, without reducing the total time of the procedure (3 minutes).

The liquid removes food debris, prevents inflammation of the gums and the accumulation of plaque on erupted teeth.

After the loss of a milk tooth, it is necessary to put a piece of a sterile bandage on the hole. This measure is needed to form a large blood clot that blocks the access of bacteria to the open gum. As a rule, the bleeding stops within 10 minutes. If bleeding continues for more than 20 minutes, medical attention is required.

• do not eat for 2 hours after tooth loss;
• refuse to rinse in the first days after tooth loss (you can only keep the solution in your mouth) so as not to wash off the clot;
• do not touch with your fingers and do not lick the hole with your tongue to avoid infection;
• try not to touch the hole with a toothbrush;
• do not drink hot drinks and do not touch warm objects with your cheek in the first days of dentition.

To reduce the load on the gums during teething, it is necessary to temporarily exclude solid food from the child's diet.

During this period, dairy products rich in calcium should be included in the diet. To exclude the development of stomatitis, it is better to stop eating sweets and foods with starch, which accelerate the reproduction of bacteria.

Regardless of whether teething is accompanied by inflammation and curvature of the teeth, it is necessary to conduct routine examinations of the child at the dentist 2 times a year. With a predisposition to the development of caries, a fluoridation procedure is recommended. If the patient is concerned about painful dentition, anesthetic gels are used: Kalgel, Kamistad, Holisal, Pansoral, Dentinox.

Complications and methods for solving the problem

The molars often grow unevenly, overlapping each other or forming wide gaps. In addition to an unaesthetic appearance, improper teething causes certain complications - high fever, inflammation of the gums and the so-called "shark" smile. Regardless of how many incisors are crooked, when the first deformities of the teeth appear, you need to contact your dentist to correct the bite.

early dropout

Loss of milk teeth in children under 4 years of age is considered pathological. The causes of this disorder are gum injuries, excessive pressure on the teeth, malocclusion. Early loss of milk incisors disrupts the development of root primordia. Subsequently, the bones will be more difficult to cut through the overgrown hole, this will lead to its curvature.

For this reason, milk teeth are removed in children in extreme cases, when the pathology affects healthy bone tissue. Caries is not an indication for tooth extraction. In this case, the affected bone tissue is covered with a protective layer of fluoride varnish. To prevent carious lesions after eruption, fissures are sealed.

To prevent the curvature of the dentition due to early loss of milk incisors, a special holder is installed. This design keeps the socket from overgrowing and saves space for the eruption of a new tooth, preventing the displacement of neighboring teeth into its place. Such a system does not require turning the bone tissue and does not cause discomfort to the child.

Drop delay

This violation is most often associated with a child's developmental delay, the destruction of the rudiments of molars even in the womb and the deep location of the permanent roots, which disrupts the process of resorption of the roots of milk teeth. When pressing on the gum, you can see how the tooth climbs - you just need to pull it slightly. However, to exclude the option of damage to the rudiment of the molar, this cannot be done at home.

It is necessary to remove the milk tooth as soon as possible in order to open the way for the eruption of permanent canines. If you do not turn to a specialist in time, the child will have a curved dentition (you can see it in the photo). If the child has a “shark smile”, after the removal of the milk incisors, the new teeth take their natural position for several months.

To determine the exact cause of the delay in the loss of milk teeth, an x-ray of the jaw is taken. If no deformation of the bone tissue is seen on the image, the old incisor is removed and the gingival hood is excised to pass an excessively large rudiment. With complete destruction of the bone, a temporary prosthesis is installed for the child, and when the molars erupt, a permanent orthodontic structure is installed.

uneven eruption

Deformation is associated with late loss of milk teeth, rapid overgrowth of the hole, exposure to the gum of solid objects or the tongue. You do not need to wait for all the milk incisors to fall out to install the bracket system, you should consult a doctor at the first sign of curvature. Early correction prevents further curvature of the dentition.

The eruption of molars in children usually raises many questions from their parents. Indeed, due to their size, they erupt for a long time and painfully. In addition, many are interested in what teeth are currently appearing in their child's mouth, milk or permanent? This information is really necessary to know, which will help to avoid many problems with the baby's oral cavity in the future.

Dairy or permanent?

The molars can be both. It's all about the age at which the process began and which pair of molars erupts. The first molars, the central ones, usually come in at the age of one and a half years and are called the first pair of premolars. Further, their number up to 2.5 years reaches 4, after which 4 molars erupt. But the 6th, 7th, 8th molars will already remain permanent, they will be much stronger than their dairy counterparts.

The change of molars usually takes place in the period of 7-12 years, at the same time permanent molars grow. The last pair of molars may appear only at the age of 18-25 years, or even not erupt at all, and they will have to be helped surgically.

Don't be fooled that baby teeth don't need to be examined by a doctor. If they become a receptacle for caries, the pain in the child will be as severe as from damage to a permanent tooth. Root, nerves, enamel sensitivity - all this is present in milk molars.

What determines the timing of the appearance of teeth?

Each child actually has his own schedule, and every deviation in this plan is considered the norm. It depends on different circumstances.

• genetic factor. Usually, if the parents started the process early, the children will follow in their footsteps, and vice versa.
• The course of pregnancy.
• Maternal and infant nutrition, including the prenatal period.
• Climate and ecology of the area.
• Baby's health in the first months after birth.

In addition, the schedule for the appearance of permanent teeth may be shifted in relation to milk teeth, which depends on the living conditions of the child already at preschool age.

How to understand that premolars and molars are being cut?

The first pair of molars can begin to erupt as early as six months of age, when the child is tiny, still a baby. Naturally, he will not be able to explain his condition.

Is it possible to independently understand what happened to the aching baby, what symptoms can clarify the situation?

1. It all starts with children's whims, which intensify and turn into frequent crying. Indeed, the teeth are large, they need to cut through the bone tissue, and through the gums, which at this time are very swollen, redden. The child will not be able to remain in a good mood.
2. Actually swollen gums, and at the moment just before eruption, there are also whitish bulges in which a grown new tooth is hiding.
3. The child refuses to eat: when teeth are climbing, every movement of the gums causes pain.
4. Increased secretion of saliva. It drains at any time of the day in babies and makes older babies constantly swallow. But at night, the pillow will still give out all the secrets - it will be completely wet.
5. Temperature. When teeth are cut, blood flow in the gums is greatly accelerated. The body thinks that it is ill, and begins to react accordingly. However, doctors of the old school argue that real diseases that usually accompany a difficult period become the cause of increased body temperature. Immunity is reduced, and it is really possible.
6. Diarrhea. It can be the result of poor chewing of food, fever and a decrease in the functions of the gastrointestinal tract due to a violation of the natural functioning of the body.
7. In older children, when replacing milk teeth with permanent ones, gaps first appear. This means that the jaw is actively growing

How can you help a child?

Of course, when a baby cries, parents are ready for absolutely anything. Absolutely unpleasant symptoms will not be able to be relieved, but their sharpness can be smoothed out.

1. The first step is to deal with the gums. Cutting teeth? Help them. If you gently massage the gums, pain and itching can be relieved, and even speed up the process a little. This is easy to do - with a very clean finger (the nail must be neatly trimmed), gently rub the sore spot.
2. When teeth are cut, severe pain can be relieved by medication, but you should not get too carried away with painkillers. Balance is important, you should not use more than 3-4 times a day, and if you need more, it is wise to consult a doctor. Among the ointments used may be "Baby Doctor", "Kalgel", "Kamistad", "Cholisal", but they can only be used after reading the instructions and checking for an allergic reaction in your child.


3. When the teeth climb, the temperature usually does not last longer than 3-5 days, but if the duration is longer, a mandatory consultation with a doctor is necessary. Most likely, the matter here is not only in the teeth. Antipyretics usually have painkillers, so ointments on the gums during this period, most likely, will not be needed.
4. Surprisingly, increased salivation can create problems. Constantly rolling down the chin, and at night on the neck, it can cause serious irritation. If you do not wipe - from the moisture and acid contained in it. If wiped - from contact with a cloth or napkins. It is better to use a very soft dry cloth, gently blotting the surface of the baby's delicate skin, and then lubricate it with a fat baby cream. After that, moisture will not reach the pores, and its harmful effect will be significantly reduced.

And do not forget that self-medication is not always effective. Under the auspices of teething, you can miss the body's reaction to any disease indicated by the same symptoms.

First steps in dental care

Grandparents with a serious look will tell you that you shouldn’t brush your teeth until the age of 3 and in general - milk teeth will fall out soon, even spoiled ones. Unfortunately, caries does not fall out along with the milk tooth; it often remains in the oral cavity. Therefore, it is worth observing a number of rules.

1. Up to a year and a half, they suggest drinking a couple of sips of clean water after meals.
2. From the age of 2, you can try rinsing your teeth with water. Babies love this process.
3. Up to 2.5 years, the mother brushes her child's teeth with a silicone brush worn on her finger.
4. Up to 3 years, the child brushes his teeth without toothpaste, only with a brush dipped in clean water.
5. After 3 years under adult supervision can be brushed with toothpaste

In addition, you cannot do the following:

• give sweets to drink at night;
• allow a lot of sweets in general;
• allow unbalanced nutrition;
• tasting infant food and then dipping the spoon into the food, or otherwise allowing contact with adult saliva. So you can give children all possible infections, including caries.

• there is a lot of fiber - it can clean the baby's mouth no worse than pastes;
• introduce raisins, seaweed, dried apricots, hard cheese and fermented milk products, green tea of ​​the second tea leaves into the menu (to increase the amount of fluorine);
• starting from the age of 1, regularly take the baby to the dentist, if there are complaints or doubts - more often.

And for those who can’t sleep for several days and suffer, listening to the plaintive squeak of a child, it’s worth remembering that troubles have the only positive quality - they end. The main thing is to do everything so that this happens sooner, and doctors are better assistants for you.

therebenok.ru

Eruption of molars in children

By the year, the baby should have 8 teeth, and this is a very individual indicator. Both earlier eruption and later are considered the norm. In both cases, all 20 milk teeth are available by 3-3.5 years. The kit includes - 4 incisors on top and bottom, 4 canines (2 on each jaw), 4 premolars (1st molars) and 4 molars (2 molars). All milk teeth fall out and are replaced by permanent ones. But the third molars or the 6th molars immediately grow permanent, they have no milk predecessors. As well as the 7th and 8th molars.

Many parents mistakenly believe that only molars have roots, while milk teeth do not, which is why they fall out so easily. In fact, each milk tooth has the same structure as the permanent one, including the root and nerves, and they have a more complex structure, they are more difficult to treat. Also, baby teeth are less mineralized, softer, much more tender, more vulnerable. Therefore, temporary teeth are also susceptible to diseases and in case of damage or caries, babies experience the same pain. When the time comes for milk teeth to fall out, their root simply dissolves and the temporary tooth crown either falls out on its own, or is easily and painlessly removed.

The first molars, or premolars, usually appear next. Most often this occurs simultaneously on the upper and lower jaws under the age of one and a half years. Or first - the upper premolars. This period really becomes difficult for some babies, as the surface of the molars is large and they have to cut through a large area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe gum, which swells a lot. The process of growth of the first milk molars is quite long - up to 2 months, accompanied by strong salivation, which often causes irritation of the skin around the mouth. Parents are obliged to ensure the dryness of the skin, including during sleep - lay a special napkin on the pillow for the baby, wipe the saliva flowing out, and regularly lubricate the chin with protective creams.

Symptoms of molars in children

The swollen gums of the baby are very itchy, so it is recommended to give special silicone rings for teething, as well as to gnaw solid food - crusts, drying, cookies, apples and carrots. When the teeth are climbing, the baby can be very irritable and capricious due to severe soreness of the gums. You can help him by periodically gently wiping his mouth with a gauze swab dipped in cool water. Or you need to contact a pediatric dentist who will recommend one of the effective drugs that relieve sore gums. It can be gels with lidocaine. For example Kamistad. Use strictly as directed by your doctor. Calgel perfectly anesthetizes, but is prohibited for use in children who have diathesis.

It is also necessary to check for allergic reactions before using Mundizal, Dentinox, Holisal. It must be done, even if the baby has never had any allergies before, because an allergy to lidocaine can lead to a rapidly developing anaphylactic shock. If the baby is prone to allergies, then Baby Doctor dental ointment is best suited. A special dental Solcoseryl is also very effective (not to be confused with an ointment for external use !!!). In any case, consultation with a pediatrician or dentist is required. Toddlers are very vulnerable and self-medication or following the dubious advice of grandmothers is unacceptable.

Other symptoms and unpleasant reactions that accompany the eruption of molars, both milk and permanent - at the age of 9-12 years, is an increase in temperature. Even if other teeth appeared without such complications, the molars bring more problems. The appearance of temperature reactions is quite understandable. When the gum swells, the blood flow increases there, the body tries to compensate for the swelling with an additional release of biologically active substances and quickly eliminate such a painful condition. That is, in fact, the body reacts to teething as a disease. Hence the rise in temperature.

What to do in this case, only the doctor will tell you. Therapy also depends on how strong the fever is, how long it lasts, what the reaction of the child's body is, how difficult it is for the baby to tolerate the temperature. Of course, if the child is prone to convulsions, the temperature must be brought down. You should also immediately consult a doctor if the baby is very lethargic, drowsy, sleeps a lot against the background of temperature. First of all, this is necessary in order to exclude some other disease that occurs against the background of complex eruption of molars.

mirzubov.info

The appearance of milk molars in children: symptoms

Milk molars in children are distinguished by the fact that there are no premolars among them. Milk molars usually grow up to 2 years. The first two incisors grow from below and from above. Then comes the turn of the molars located on the side, and after them the fangs appear. And if the appearance of incisors passes more or less calmly, then the moment when the molars of a child (13-18 months) climb, few people pass quietly.

It is more difficult to notice the appearance of molars than incisors - for this you need to open the baby's mouth. The symptoms are similar to what you might have seen when the first teeth appeared. The child is worried, saliva often flows from the mouth. Therefore, it is advisable to put a soft bib on it, and at night cover the pillow with a soft napkin. Saliva must be wiped off, otherwise irritation will form around the mouth.

His gums swell and itch, causing extreme discomfort. The baby will constantly put his fingers in his mouth to try to scratch the itchy place in his mouth, but this is unhygienic. Therefore, parents need to take care to provide the baby with peace - for example, offer to chew on a special dental ring with a cooling gel inside. Let it cool down a bit in the fridge first.

When a child's molars climb, you can give him to nibble on hard vegetables and fruits - for example, apples or carrots. Also, many children enthusiastically gnaw dried bagels. But such things as refined sugar (the recipes of our grandmothers) are strictly forbidden to give.

Is it possible to speed up teething? No, it is impossible to do this, this is an individual feature of the child. Calcium preparations will not help here either. The most important thing that especially zealous parents should be warned against is from trying to tear the gum in order to facilitate eruption. In no case should this be done, since, firstly, it is very painful, and secondly, it will cause immediate inflammation and infection of the gum tissue.

Why does the baby have a fever

Temperature with molars in children is a common thing. But there is one peculiarity here. Often, both pediatricians and parents themselves attribute to the appearance of teeth all the symptoms of malaise that they observe in a child - and fever, and loosening of the stool, and even sometimes vomiting and rash. But the temperature increase usually occurs no higher than 38 C, and lasts no more than three days. Pediatricians do not even recommend knocking down such a temperature. Therefore, teething simply cannot have such serious consequences. Inflammation of the gums is indeed present, but local, its focus is too small to cause a temperature above 38 ° C.

But the fact that the baby now and then pulls any objects and his fingers into his mouth to chew them and relieve the itching in his mouth may well cause bacteria to enter the oral cavity, which causes an intestinal infection. In addition, some children are very sensitive to temperatures even above 37 ° C, and it is often accompanied by vomiting or diarrhea.

Thus, the temperature in the molars in children is normal, but if it is accompanied by other symptoms of the disease, the doctor should prescribe the appropriate treatment, and not wait until the next tooth comes out.

How can you minimize inflammation in your mouth and soothe itchy gums? In addition to teethers with a cooling gel, you can do a light gum massage with sterile gauze moistened with cold water. You can use for these purposes a decoction of chamomile, which has antiseptic properties. Also, pharmacies sell special children's anesthetic gels (they contain lidocaine), which must be used strictly in accordance with the instructions.

When do deciduous molars in children change to permanent? If the incisors begin to fall out from the age of 5-6, then the molars - starting from the age of 9. Thus, the child's dentition is completely renewed around the age of 13. Parents need not worry - the milk molars in children change to permanent ones much easier, without fever and similar unpleasant symptoms.

Timely accustoming the baby to a toothbrush and oral hygiene will help the teeth grow healthy and beautiful. Don't neglect going to the dentist if your child has cavities. The care of milk teeth should be exactly the same as for permanent teeth.

lady7.net

When they appear

The first milk processes in a child, which usually form at 2 years old, number 20. When they are replaced by permanent teeth, they become loose and fall out. Teething is a very important stage for children and their parents. There is no exact date and time for their appearance. This process can be affected by diet, climatic conditions, and the quality of drinking water. There is also a lot of important reason that can affect the change of teeth - heredity.

Some features of the parents may well be transmitted even in the womb. These include both positive and negative factors. If the parents did not have significant health problems and special predispositions that relate to the formation and growth of teeth, then you should not worry about this. If the growth of milk teeth usually takes a period of time from 1 to 3 years, then the growth of molars takes much longer. The first signs of changing teeth to molars appear at the age of 5-6 years, sometimes even later, and this process lasts up to 12-14.

Symptoms

The first characteristic symptom when the molars begin to climb in a child is an increase in the size of the jaw. The fact is that the gaps between the milk processes are usually not very large. When the jaw grows, it prepares for the change of teeth to permanent ones and creates conditions for them.

The size of the molars is always larger than the milk teeth, they need more space for growth and formation. This symptom leads to an increase in the distance between the milk processes, which "spread" in the oral cavity.

In the event that the gap does not increase when the molars begin to climb, some problems may arise. First of all, the child will have more acute pain, and the teeth themselves will grow crooked and break the bite.

After a while, this situation will have to be corrected if parents want their children to have even and healthy teeth. Sometimes they climb at 6-7 years old without causing absolutely no symptoms.

If parents pay attention to the restless state of the child, capriciousness, irritable reaction to ordinary things or worsened appetite, these are teething symptoms.

Very often, children react to the second stage of tooth formation in a similar way, as with the growth of milk processes. When the baby has no other diseases, then their behavior will be appropriate.

Increased salivation is already considered an almost obligatory symptom. This symptom is not as severe as the first time, but still not an exception.
At the age of 6-7 years, the baby can be taught to wipe his mouth on his own using a handkerchief or sterile wipes. If this is not done, then irritation will appear on the chin and lips. Delicate skin is very susceptible, and saliva contains a wide variety of bacteria.

When a child's molars climb, the inflammatory process again occurs in the gums and mucous membranes. The first signs of reddening of some areas in the oral cavity indicate the beginning of a change in their shift or the presence of a viral infection. To determine the exact cause, it is best to consult a doctor.

After a while, small swellings will begin to appear in the gums - this is the permanent tooth stretching from the inside to replace the milk one. If the children have experienced painful sensations in this case before, that in such a situation they will not keep themselves waiting. Parents should already be prepared for the fact that the child will again have periodic pain in the gums, and have suitable anesthetic drugs. If there is no severe acute pain, then the change is accompanied by a sensation of itching. The kid constantly pulls his hands into his mouth or foreign objects to scratch his gums.

The next signs are disturbed and restless night sleep. The child often wakes up, tosses and turns, or may begin to cry. The reason for the latter are pain sensations.

These symptoms may appear intermittently and are not considered mandatory when permanent teeth erupt in children. If there are also other signs that are given special attention: high body temperature in the baby, cough and diarrhea.

Priority

The appearance of molars in children has a slightly different sequence, in contrast to milk teeth. First of all, molars appear, which grow behind the second primary molars. Usually they begin to erupt after 6 years in a child.
Then the milk processes are replaced by molars in place of the central incisors. The first gradually loosen and fall out, this is facilitated by the eruption of permanent teeth. They begin to slowly squeeze out milk teeth, again cutting through the surface of the gum from the inside.

After the change of the central incisors, the lateral molars also appear. The formation of incisors can take a period of time from 6 to 9 years.

Indigenous first premolars and second erupt at 10-12, 11-12 years, respectively.
The second molars are usually formed by the age of 13.

The last molars of wisdom are able to start growing at a very different time. Sometimes they grow at 18, and sometimes they may not be at 25. There are cases when such wisdom teeth do not grow at all in a person - this is not considered a pathology, and in such a situation there is nothing to worry about.

If the growth and development of molars begins in some places at the same time or in the wrong sequence, then this is also not a cause for panic and concern. The individual characteristics of the body and the presence in it of the necessary vitamins and minerals can directly affect the growth rate of both milk and molars.

Parents should remember that permanent teeth should not loosen. If such a deviation was found, you should immediately consult a doctor for examination and diagnosis.

Related Symptoms

These intermediate signs of the change of milk processes to molars do not often accompany the process. However, they cannot be ignored. If a child has a fever, a rare cough and loose stools, then this may be like signs of many infectious and acute respiratory diseases. This reaction of the body is caused by the active opposition of the immune system against harmful bacteria.

The high temperature should not last longer than 3-4 days, and the mark on the thermometer should not exceed 38.5 degrees. Since this symptom is periodic, it should not accompany the process with constant hypothermia. If the temperature in children lasts longer than 4 days and does not go astray for a long time, you should consult a doctor and establish the true cause of such an organism reaction.

To date, there are still doctors of the “old school” who will immediately prescribe treatment for a cold or an infectious disease. They believe that teething has nothing to do with fever.

Many parents do not see the connection between teething and coughing. Usually a cough does not appear alone, but is accompanied by a runny nose. The explanation for this is very simple - the fact is that the active blood supply of the respiratory tract and the entire nasal cavity is very closely connected with the gums. At the time when new permanent teeth begin to be cut in the oral cavity and gums, blood circulation increases. Intensive blood circulation also affects the nasal mucosa, because they are nearby. For this reason, the nasal glands begin to produce a large amount of mucus, and children want to blow their nose to clear the airways.

Coughing is caused by the remnants of mucus descending into the lower part of the throat, starting to irritate the upper respiratory tract. Another symptom is diarrhea. Usually it can last several days, no more than 3 times a day. Loose stools are caused by a large amount of infection entering the body due to the fact that the child often takes dirty hands into his mouth or foreign objects. This is also facilitated by abundant salivation, which regularly flushes the intestines.

Diarrhea is not dangerous for the baby if it lasts for a short time. The stool should not have any admixture of blood bodies. Regular monitoring will not be superfluous, especially given the fact that during this period the child has a weakened immune system. Therefore, the probability of adding a new infection and exacerbating all symptoms is quite high.

lechimdetok.ru

How and when teeth climb in children

Teething in children is pure physiology, as a result of which the upper part of the “chewers” ​​and “biters” comes to the surface of the gums. Often this process starts at six to nine months, although there are many cases when deviations from the norm occur. All children develop according to an individual pattern, so there is no need to immediately worry, think about developmental disorders if the teeth do not come out in the classical order. Signs of the beginning of tooth growth can be mild or severe, they affect the health of babies.

Signs and symptoms of teething in babies

In children under one year old and older, the period of teething is tolerated differently. Someone becomes very capricious, loses his appetite. Another baby shows anxiety, constantly puts toys or a hand in his mouth. During this difficult time, rhinitis, fever, wet cough and many other signs of the first teeth can be observed.

Temperature

When the first teeth are cut, an increase in body temperature is often recorded in an infant. This is due to the release of a huge amount of biological substances in the growth area. In young children, this process is accompanied by a temperature of 38 to 39 degrees, which lasts no more than 2 days. If the temperature is above 39 C and lasts from 3 days or more, then you need to urgently call a doctor.

Runny nose and cough

Rhinitis (runny nose) also often manifests itself during the appearance of the first teeth in a child. This phenomenon is associated with the abundant production of mucus from the glands of the nasal cavity. Often, the secretion is watery, transparent, secreted for about 3-4 days. Parents may also notice the appearance of a wet cough in a baby, which is explained by the accumulation of saliva in the throat (increased salivation always accompanies the teething process). The cough lasts for three days, sometimes intensifying when the child lies on his back.

Diarrhea and vomiting

Indigestion (diarrhea, in some cases constipation) is a common occurrence. Such a symptom appears due to the ingestion of a large amount of saliva, the activation of the contraction of the intestinal walls. Fecal masses have a watery appearance, diarrhea is observed up to 3 times a day and should stop on the third day. In some cases, vomiting may begin, which also lasts for several days.

Pain

Most young children are very difficult to endure the process of "birth" of the first teeth. Often it is accompanied by significant pain, severe discomfort in the oral cavity. Pain is especially strong when sharp teeth already come to the surface of the gums. Pediatricians recommend giving babies painkillers during this turbulent time.

The order and timing of teething in the scheme

The order and timing of the growth of the first milk teeth for each individual child is individual, but there are approximate average statistics that many modern mothers are guided by. Below are two tables and a graph according to which the eruption of molars and milk teeth occurs in children.

First milk teeth in babies

permanent teeth

How to help your baby with teething

To date, there are a large number of various effective ways to help a child during the growth of milk teeth. There are various medicines and folk methods that can alleviate the symptoms of tooth growth. You can use, for example, a special gel, give the baby an antipyretic syrup, or use a special teether.

With ointments and gels

In any pharmacy or dental clinic, you can find a wide range of application preparations of different prices. They are applied directly to the inflamed gums before meals or after feeding no more than 3 times a day. Here are the most popular medicines in this category:

1. Dentinox is a chamomile-based gel with the addition of lidocaine. Perfectly relieves pain, soothes the gums.
2. Drops called Bebident contain an anesthetic, well relieve pain during tooth growth. This drug is applied to the gums with a cotton swab.
3. The medicine Holisal gives an anti-inflammatory effect, removes swelling from the gums. In the first year of life, holisal should be used with caution.
4. Teething gel Kamistad is used from 3 months, applied with light massage movements.
5. Calgel has an antiseptic effect, acts as a local anesthetic. Recommended from 5 months of baby's life.

medicines

To alleviate the poor condition of the child, some mothers, on the advice of a doctor, use homeopathic and antipyretic effective drugs, the price of which varies well. Here are some examples:

1. Dantinorm baby is a homeopathic solution. Anesthetizes for a long time, significantly smoothes the level of severity of digestive disorders.
2. Dormikind - tablets that are used to reduce the capriciousness, nervousness of the baby, improve sleep. From the first days after birth, a child can be given medicine 4 times a day, after dissolving the tablet with water.
3. Candles Vibrukol cope well with high temperatures, eliminate pain, swelling of the gums. Up to six months of age, a quarter of the candle should be used a maximum of 5 times a day. Children of the older age category are given one candle at bedtime.
4. Another effective means to combat pain and fever are Panadol, Nurofen.

By other means

Traditional medicine and special devices for the growth of children's teeth sometimes give no less effective results:

1. You can put the pacifier in the freezer for 15-20 minutes and then give it to your baby. Cold dulls the pain well, softens the inflammatory process a little.
2. Careful care, massage with gauze soaked in a decoction of chamomile or peroxide, gives a good result.
3. Valerian tincture perfectly copes with pain, reduces irritability in a child.
4. There are special teethers for teeth - often these are silicone rings with liquid. They are put in the cold, and then given to children. Before each use of such a device, it is desirable to sterilize it so as not to infect the infection.
Table of eruption of milk teeth

Many people think that molars are those that grow to replace milk teeth and form a permanent bite. But it's not. A molar tooth can be either milk or permanent.

Considering the molars from a scientific point of view, these are the so-called molars and premolars located behind the incisors and canines.

milk teeth

The laying of molars begins in the second half of pregnancy, and a balanced diet of the mother, rich in calcium and phosphorus, has a special influence on it and on the further growth of molars.

Photo of molars

What time do milk teeth appear?

The appearance of milk teeth begins at about six months, but the time of eruption may vary. This is due to a genetic predisposition, that is, if one of the parents, milk teeth began to erupt not at 6, but at 7.5 months, then such a phenomenon in a child should not be regarded as a pathology.

Complementary foods are also introduced to the child from the age of 6 months, so that by the time the baby begins to eat solid food, grind and grind food with the help of erupted milk teeth.

A complete milk dentition is formed at 2 years and lasts approximately 5-8 years.

The lower central incisors come in first, then the upper central and upper lateral incisors. By the year, the lower lateral incisors, upper and lower first molars erupt. The last, at the age of 1.5-2 years, the first canine and second molars appear.

When the first teeth (milk) grow, this process is accompanied by a violation of the general condition of the child (the temperature may rise, a slight runny nose and cough may appear, and stool disorder).

During the teething period, the child is often naughty, does not sleep well. The gums swell and hurt. These sensations cause a desire in the child to put various objects into his mouth, to climb there with his hands. Although milk teeth will last for several years, this does not mean that they do not require maintenance. Teaching a child how to properly care for their teeth from early childhood is the task of any parent.

Milk teeth are also susceptible to caries and gum disease.

Children's milk teeth, as well as permanent ones, need care, and non-compliance with it can affect the incorrect formation of permanent ones, and the presence of caries can provoke the eruption of permanent ones that are already affected.

Change of milk teeth to permanent (molars)

The process of replacing teeth with molars is not accompanied by pain.

This is due to the anatomical features of milk teeth:

• absorbable roots diverging over time, which leads to their loss;
• small sizes, they do not go much beyond the gums, and the presence of a smaller number of tubercles.

The prolapse begins with the fact that the teeth are loose, there may be a slight soreness. The prolapse itself is not accompanied by pain, there is a slight bleeding from the tooth socket, which stops within 2 minutes.

Permanent teeth begin to grow from the first molars and end by the age of 13, with the exception of the third molars. They grow up to 30 years, but they may also not be laid at all.

Video

What problems can lead to a violation of the eruption of molars?

In addition to the presence of common dental diseases, such as caries, periodontitis, and others, which can affect both milk and permanent molars.

There are also problems of eruption of molars.

A delay in the eruption of molars for several months may indicate such problems:

• . This is the absence of bookmarks and, accordingly, their eruption.

• False adentia, or retention- delayed eruption due to genetic predisposition to late eruption.

• Anomalies of the maxillofacial skeleton. Various congenital anomalies of the jaw can lead to a delay in eruption or their incorrect position.

• Rickets. Vitamin D deficiency in a child's body is accompanied not only by late molars eruption, but also by other anomalies of the facial skeleton, the formation of malocclusion and an elongated palate.

When changing dairy to indigenous, a disturbing factor may be the absence of a permanent tooth in place of the fallen milk tooth.

The reasons for the lack of eruption of permanent molars are various bookmark anomalies, metabolic disorders in the body and eating disorders.

Functions of molars

Each group of teeth has a specific function, which is to influence the food they eat:

1. They bite with the front incisors.
2. The fangs hold the food in the mouth and serve to separate the fibrous food into its constituents.
3. Small and large molars actually serve for grinding and final crushing of food before it enters the next sections of the digestive tract.

Therefore, teething is important not only in the proper consumption of food, but also affects the formation of health. Insufficient mechanical processing of food can lead to the formation of diseases of the stomach and intestines.

At what age do wisdom teeth grow?

Serious trouble can bring third molars, or as they are also called wisdom teeth.

They erupt for a long time, the process is always accompanied by pain, the inability to chew food, and sometimes just lead a normal life.

Third molars are larger than other molars, so they can lead to cracks in adjacent teeth, the development of periodontitis, and even the loss of large or small molars. And even the fact that wisdom teeth can distort a smile and lead to curvature and loss of teeth, dentists do not recommend removing them, since they completely hold the entire dentition.
Misaligned third molars.

An exception to the rule is the incorrect location of the third molars, when their top is not directed towards eruption, but towards the jaw, when the tooth “lies” and grows right in the hole, or when they crawl out at an angle directed to the cheek or to the back of the oral cavity .

Then wisdom teeth should be removed even before eruption. The function of holding the dentition is taken over by the second molars, so regular visits to the dentist will ensure the health of the molars and help avoid implantation.

Video

A permanent jaw row in a baby begins to form at about 6-7 years. When molars appear in children, the order of their eruption is always the same. They replace the fallen milk ones and always grow in pairs.

In the central part of the jaw row there are incisors having a chisel shape, a thin, narrow crown and one small root. The two upper central incisors are larger than the pair of adjacent lateral incisors. In contrast, the lower lateral incisors are larger than the central ones. They allow you to bite off pieces of food.

Two fangs are located in the upper and lower rows. They are longer, slightly tilted back, their front wall looks convex and sharp enough, which allows you to divide large pieces of food into smaller fragments.

Next are the premolars and molars (small and large). Premolars, or "fours", are permanent chewing teeth that immediately follow the canines, which serve to grind the food mass. There are 8 of them in total: 4 from the bottom, the same number from the top. They have the shape of a prism, the anatomical structure is a bit like fangs.

On the chewing surface there is a pair of tubercles separated from each other by a fissure. The lower "fours" have only one direct root of small size. At the top, the first premolar has two roots on each side, and the second has one. In the top row, the first premolar is larger than the second, and vice versa in the bottom row.

Next are teeth with a large root system - cubic molars. There are 12 of them in total: 6 pieces on each jaw. The upper ones have 3 roots, 4 masticatory tubercles are visible on the surface. Lower molars have only 2 roots. In the second molars, the buccal cusps are more pronounced than the lingual cusps. They allow mechanical processing of incoming food. Still others, called wisdom teeth, are equipped with long large roots, shaped like a tree trunk.

Permanent incisors, canines, molars in a child appear as milk falls out. They have a more developed root system, stronger enamel. If a root tooth climbs, then always in the place intended for it. You can see how a permanent row of teeth is formed by looking at the layout with detailed numbering below.

What time do they appear and how many years do they grow

There are the following terms for the eruption of permanent teeth in children:

1. At 5–6 years old, the first molar appears behind the entire milk row, then the same one grows on the other side.
2. At 7-8, the incisors come out of the baby, and over the next 6 years, the permanent dentition is completely formed, with the exception of the third molars, because wisdom teeth sometimes erupt much later (most often in the period from 15 to 25 years, sometimes later).

Each parent should know at what age or when the molars of babies climb. If a permanent dentition is not formed for a long time, adentia may be the cause of the delay. Also, this process can be affected by: diet, environmental conditions, characteristics of the body.

When a child's molars climb, not a trace remains of the milk teeth. It is impossible to say exactly at what age third molars appear, in some cases they do not grow at all.

teething symptoms

Symptoms of teething of molars in children are more pronounced than those that occur when laying milk teeth. When the first molars are cut, the distance between the remaining milk teeth increases, rather large gaps form. Thanks to these gaps, there is free space for the growth of a permanent row. The milk roots gradually dissolve, then they loosen and fall out.

There are other signs of the formation of a permanent series:

• loss of appetite;
• tearfulness, excessive irritability;
• temperature rise;
• excessive salivation;
• inflammation of the oral mucosa, gums;
• the presence of edema, redness;
• aching persistent pain, itching.

Anna Losyakova

Dentist-orthodontist

When the first molars are cut in children, babies try to comb their gums, put toys and various things into their mouths to get rid of discomfort. Babies cry and don't sleep well at night. Sometimes there is a cough, there is a disorder of the stool, the digestive system. After a while, all of these symptoms disappear.

Their occurrence and severity are subjective for each child. Sometimes there may be no such symptoms at all.

Eruption order (table)

The existing order of eruption of permanent teeth differs from the sequence of appearance of temporary teeth exactly the opposite: permanent teeth grow in a different order. So, the upper molars of the "six" come out first, followed by the lower ones.

After the lower molars, the upper central incisors break through, occupying the vacated place in the gum. They are followed by lateral incisors, first premolars, canines. Next come the second premolars, or "five". Later, the second molars are formed.

The video below shows this clearly:

The third pair of molars, or wisdom teeth, erupt between the ages of 14 and 21 or later. If you watch how they are cut, you will notice that the symptoms always turn out to be approximately the same: first, the milk roots are destroyed, making room for the growth of permanent ones, and then, accompanied by varying degrees of itching, the crown gradually crawls out.

You can find out the approximate timing of the eruption of permanent teeth in children by looking at the following table:

If you look at the pattern of eruption of permanent teeth in children, you can observe the symmetry of the formation of a row on both jaws:

They always grow sequentially in pairs, while the speed of eruption may be different. The second premolars are the fastest to form, then the central incisors and canines fully grow.

Erupting teeth care

During the teething period, it is necessary to observe oral hygiene. After the destruction of the temporary dentin, the gum tissue ruptures. The likelihood of getting infections that provoke inflammatory processes increases. The child needs to brush his teeth regularly, use special gels (Kalgel, Kamistad-gel, Dentinox) or drops (Fenistil, Parlazin, NatraBio). If there are any swelling, inflammation on the gums, rinsing with herbal infusions will help eliminate them.

When a baby's molars are cut, parents need to teach him the rules for caring for them, since the condition of the crowns determines how well the food will be chewed.

The dairy row should not interfere with the normal development of the permanent. If necessary, you need to get rid of dairy yourself.

When molars are cut, it is necessary to follow some rules, thanks to which they can grow normally. The diet should include:

• fresh fruits, vegetables;
• dairy;
• special vitamin and mineral complexes.

The baby will benefit from solid food: crackers, pieces of chopped carrots and apples. So he can more easily transfer the eruption process. Sweets and carbohydrates should be reduced. To strengthen the enamel will help a special toothpaste for children, enriched with calcium and trace elements. The child needs to rinse his mouth after eating. Special gels that are used to treat inflamed gums will help alleviate the pain of teething. A nibbler mesh, which is sold in pharmacies, will help teach your baby to chew.

Differences between indigenous and dairy

The first and second milk molars, central and lateral incisors, and canines are considered temporary. They have too thin soft white enamel, wide crowns, an underdeveloped root system that resolves on its own. Among them there are no premolars and third molars.

In contrast, the permanent ones are covered with strong ivory enamel, their roots are developed and strong. The drop-down temporary ones leave free space for the development of the rudiments of a permanent series. The number of milk teeth is 20, permanent - 28, and after a while their number increases to 32.

Possible problems

Parents should carefully observe how the molars of children grow. It is important to notice various deviations from the norm in time. The cause for concern will be too long absence of permanent rudiments. One of the reasons is adentia. Another possible problem is loosening of the permanent dentition, which leads to early loss. In this case, you need to urgently consult a dentist. Fissure sealants will help strengthen the enamel. If temporary teeth do not fall out for a long time, then permanent teeth can grow with a violation.

The appearance of teeth in children is a long and difficult process. Babies are often accompanied by unpleasant symptoms: pain, swelling, temperature, but parents can help them during the period of milk bite and its change to a new (permanent) one. Which teeth erupt first? When does the first upper molar come out? At what age does the bite completely change in children? The answers to all questions are in the article.

The order of eruption of milk and permanent teeth in a child

The rudiments (follicles) of 20 teeth in children are formed even in the mother's womb - temporary units will develop from them. First, incisors are cut - four pieces on each row of the dentition. This process begins in a child at 5-6 months with the appearance of the lower incisors in the center, after 1-2 months the upper incisors climb in the child. There are only 4 lateral incisors - they are located near the central ones. The upper ones will appear in the little one presumably at 9-11 months, the lower ones - at 11-13.

Following the incisors, the baby's molars come out. An approximate diagram looks like this:

• 4 first molars are located in both jaws. They erupt between 1 year and 1 year and 4 months (see also: How many teeth should a 1 year old or older have?).
• The appearance of the second milk molars is observed after 2 years. They go after small molars.
• When the baby is 16-20 months old, fangs are shown (we recommend reading: when do fangs in children change to permanent ones?). During this period, it is important to prevent colds in the baby, since the process of teething these teeth is often accompanied by malaise (we recommend reading: what is the sequence of teething in children?).

This is considered the norm. However, molars can appear before other units - there is nothing to worry about. There are cases when babies are born with teeth.

In a child of 5-7 years old, the bite changes to a new one - permanent teeth gradually replace milk ones. The sequence of appearance of indigenous units is rather conditional. As for the eruption of molars, they usually come out at 5 years. Deviations in terms are considered the norm.

Usually, the lower molar appears first, and then the teeth in the upper jaw gradually erupt. However, such a sequence when changing bite is rarely observed. The molars from above appear first in the row, then the molars of the lower row.

As for the third molars, or the so-called "eights", the timing of their appearance in each person can be very different. Usually they grow at 16-26 years old, but now there is a tendency for retention - the teeth can remain hidden in the gum. A modern person does not need to chew too hard food, so the “wisdom” teeth may never appear.

How are molars different from premolars, incisors and canines?

The main difference between molars and canines and incisors is what functions they perform. The first lower molar (one of 3 units on each half of the jaw arch) is located behind the premolar. Third molars are wisdom teeth. They perform an important function - grinding products when effort is required. Large crowns do an excellent job, but the size of the teeth decreases from the first to the third.

Premolars are molars located behind the canines, small units with two cusps on the crown that tear food. Due to their large surface area, they are also involved in chewing.

The canines are located in front of the first molar of the lower jaw - the units are also located on top. Their task is to tear off parts of solid products. The canine is the most stable tooth, its strength is greater than that of the organs of the smile zone.

The structure of molars and premolars with a photo

The molars of the upper row of teeth differ in appearance from the lower ones, and the premolars combine the features of both canines and molars, which allows them to work with solid food without harm to the enamel (see photo). Premolars growing in the upper jaw have a crown with a diameter of 19.5 to 24.5 mm. Below is a description of the structure of the teeth.

Upper first premolar:

The second premolar of the upper jaw is slightly smaller and looks like this:

• crown in the form of a prism;
• two hillocks of approximately the same size;
• the vestibular part is less convex than that of the upper first premolar;
• one channel, less often two or three.

The structure of the 1st premolar of the lower row is close to the canine to ensure tearing off pieces of food:

• convex buccal surface, which is much longer than the palatine;
• tearing tubercle markedly pronounced;
• there is one longitudinal and edge rollers;
• flattened unit root, number of channels - 1-2.

The shape of the second premolar of the lower row is similar to the molar:

The upper molars are the 4th and 5th teeth of the milk row and 6-8 permanent ones. Similarly, the molars are located on the lower jaw. In the dentition, teeth usually have 3 roots and 4 canals on top, and 2 roots and 3 canals on the bottom.

The first upper molar, like the tooth in the bottom row, is the largest in size (we recommend reading: symptoms of teething of the first teeth in infants). However, it has 5 cusps, unlike the second upper molar, in which there are 4 on the surface. The crown of these posterior teeth looks like a rectangle, there are 3 roots in the bone unit. On the second molars of the upper jaw, there may be bizarre patterns associated with the appearance of additional formations. "Eights" do not erupt for everyone and are considered the most "capricious" teeth, causing discomfort in the process of appearance.

The mandibular first molar has a cube-shaped crown. The chewing surface looks like a rectangle, there is one pronounced tubercle. The tubercles are separated by grooves crossing at a right angle in the middle of the crown.

The second molar of the lower jaw is slightly smaller than the "six". There are 4 tubercles on the surface - two rounded vestibular and two distal pointed ones. The back tooth is held by two roots. There are two canals in the medial root, and one canal in the distal.

Symptoms of eruption of molars and premolars

Compared to the appearance of incisors, molar units are relatively easy and painless to cut. The baby may be a little lethargic, restless and moody. First, the “sixes” will appear in the top row, the second premolars of the upper jaw are cut through the latest - at 24-36 months. This process is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• runny nose;
• temperature increase up to 38°C;
• incessant salivation;
• itching and pain in the gums;
• sometimes a violation of the stool is possible.

During the period of eruption, the body's defenses weaken. With severe symptoms that accompany the process for more than 2-3 days, it is worth showing the baby to the pediatrician. This will rule out an infectious disease. In most cases, only rhinitis is detected.

How to relieve pain and other discomfort?

With the appearance of the first and second premolars of the upper jaw, as well as chewing molars, the child can be alleviated by using special silicone teethers. Before use, products filled with water are placed in the refrigerator for 20 minutes - the cold relieves pain and reduces itching.

Also, adults can massage the gums with a finger after washing their hands. Children over the age of 2-3 years can chew hard foods (apples, crackers). To reduce discomfort, it is convenient to use special gels and ointments:

1. Kamistad Baby. Contains lidocaine, used for pain relief during teething and kills pathogens.
2. Holisal. Relieves inflammation, acts as an analgesic.
3. Dantinorm Baby (we recommend reading: Dantinorm Baby drops: instructions for use). It can be used in babies from the age of three months. It is a homeopathic preparation that includes only natural ingredients.
4. Kalgel. It has an antibacterial effect and reduces pain.

At what age do deciduous molars change to molars?

The first permanent teeth in a child (at 6-8 years old) are incisors and "sixes" from above and below. "Sixes" are additional teeth, they do not replace milk teeth, since they are not in the temporary bite. They just cut through next to the infant units.

First, in a child aged 11-13 years, the second lower molars appear. The baby gets rid of the premolars by the age of 12, the second molars of the upper row appear by the age of 12-14.

Sometimes it happens that the molar erupts, and the old (milk) remains in place. In this situation, it is better to consult a dentist, since the temporary unit will interfere with the appearance of a permanent one, as a result of which it can become deformed and grow crooked. The milk organ is removed in the doctor's office.

Wisdom teeth ("eights") should appear by the age of 17-25, but if they do not come out in these terms, this is considered the norm. In most cases, they begin to break through in an older person.

Prevention of loss of permanent teeth in children

Teeth need to be taken care of from infancy. Preventive measures are reduced to elementary hygiene rules that must be followed to establish the correct bite and maintain the health of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity. Then the risk of caries and tooth loss will be minimized.

The child and his parents must adhere to the following rules:

• daily hygiene using a toothbrush, floss, interdental brushes, properly selected toothpaste;
• rinsing the mouth after each meal;
• proper brushing of teeth - from the bottom up from the gums to the crowns;
• drinking plenty of water to prevent dry mouth;
• control over the intake of useful microelements and vitamins into the body;
• the use of hard foods for training the dentoalveolar apparatus;
• correct distribution of the load on both sides of the dentition;
• timely treatment of diseases and regular preventive examinations at the dentist.