Thyroid goiter: causes, symptoms and treatment. What is dangerous nodular thyroid goiter Large thyroid goiter

Goiter - this is already an increase in the volume of your thyroid gland. The thyroid gland (in other words, the thyroid gland) - this will be the very center where the complete management and activity of metabolism takes place. To cure a goiter with folk remedies, you will need confidence and patience, but in any case, you will experience the maximum effect.

Causes of goiter.

The most obvious and manifested reason is the deficiency (lack) of iodine. Also, goiter can be provoked by the impact of unfavorable ecology, improper or poor-quality use of products, especially those where iodine is absent. In rare other cases, some neoplasms that are associated with oncology diseases or adenomas. We have outlined only general, some of the main reasons. After all, the reasons may still depend on the type of goiter that has manifested.

Nodular goiter of the thyroid gland treatment with folk remedies

Symptoms of nodular goiter.

The onset of an external appearance (manifestation) of nodular goiter may not be noticeable for some time. As long as the dimensions reach up to 2 cm, only a doctor or ultrasound itself can detect them. The node itself can still be identified by yourself, this is possible due to the location of the gland. It is always located only on the very surface of the neck, slightly lower than the Adam's apple (in other words, the Adam's apple).

In the right condition, it will be quite elastic. When you start to feel it yourself, you will feel areas of compaction - these will be its nodes. When swallowing food, they will move, because they are separated from the skin. When the nodes begin to grow, they can easily be seen under the skin itself. On one side of his neck, there will be a noticeable swelling, and the neck looks asymmetrical. Multinodular goiter is located evenly and forms the same thickening on both sides.

The remaining symptoms of goiter appear depending on the production of their own hormones. There may be a failure in the very rhythm of the heart, decline, brittleness of all nails, frequent swelling of the lips, face or tongue, drowsiness, hair loss, in women, a malfunction in the menstruation cycle, dryness of their skin, memory loss and others.

Cherry. We will need about 100 grams of branches from young cherries so that these branches have their buds already swollen. Grind evenly (but not finely), place in a suitable bowl, pour about 500 ml of boiling water and then boil for exactly 45 minutes. It is necessary to take only before meals, on the day 3 r, 2 tbsp. l. The course is carried out for the whole 5 weeks.

Walnuts. It takes only 55 young, always green chopped nuts. We place it in a suitable jar, add 100 good alcohol and good honey. We install this jar in a slightly cool, but very dark place for 1 calendar month. This tincture is taken 4 r per day, exactly 1 tsp, washing down the tincture with a mug of milk. The duration of this treatment will have to last 8 weeks. Milk is washed down for better absorption of natural iodine, which is contained in these nuts.

Lemon along with garlic. We select ripe, small-sized 10 lemons and squeeze the juice out of them completely. Grind the peel from these lemons together with 10 already peeled, small heads of homemade garlic. In this crushed mass, add 200 grams of honey and pour our prepared lemon juice. We insist 1 decade, in a fairly cool and suitable place. Reception consists in 1 tbsp. l, which must be washed down with ordinary tea, three times a day.

Cabbage. Buy only the powder of dry sea cabbage (in other words, kelp), because it contains huge reserves of the necessary iodine. Take 1 tbsp. l of this powder, add to 1 glass of water, add a little salt to this, mix everything thoroughly and drink immediately, always before eating. The course of the described treatment is carried out 3 times a day, for a whole 8 weeks.

You will find more information about the treatment of nodular goiter.

Zyuznik together with tansy. Useful tansy effectively resolves the formed nodes, is able to cope with malignant nodes, and zyuznik (ask in pharmacies) normalizes the proper functioning of the hormonal background and the entire thyroid gland. For crushed 2 parts of our zyuznik, 1 part of crushed tansy is required. When the herbs are mixed, take 1 tbsp. l of this collection and fill them with 1.5 cups of water, place on fire, boil for only 2 minutes after boiling. We take ¼ of a mug a day, up to 4 times a day. Reception must last 2 calendar months, followed by a 3-week break and, if necessary, repetition of treatment is allowed.

White cinquefoil. Also ask in pharmacies, because it is a strong enough plant that will definitely cope with goiter. You will need to brew 1 tbsp. l roots of cinquefoil, in 2 cups of boiling water, close it tightly, wrap it warmly and wait 1 hour. Then we drink a glass (mug) of our tincture 2 times a day. Full recovery comes after a fairly long and long time. Once a month, be sure to take a 7-day, necessary break.

Oak bark. Rub it on your neck every night. In addition to this, take a self-prepared helping decoction. Take 1 large tbsp. a spoonful of bark and cook it in 1 glass for exactly 5 minutes, then let it brew for another 25 minutes. Regular intake will ensure proper recovery.

Figwort. Knobby boletus is a very poisonous plant, so do not exceed the recommended dosages. For 2 st. l of the roots of norichnik, you will need 500 ml of high-quality vodka. After 3 weeks of infusion, using a simple cheesecloth, strain. The correct reception begins with exactly 10 regular drops. Every next day, increase your dose (gradually) until the dose reaches 1 tsp. Always sing the tincture with milk and completely refrain from any alcohol.

Treatment of toxic goiter with folk remedies

Symptoms.

If a toxic goiter occurs, the thyroid gland will be enlarged fairly evenly, on each side. It appears painlessly, on probing it will be elastic and always quite soft. The goiter itself will move when swallowing is performed. When you put your hand on it, you can feel as if “buzzing”, this is caused by the passage of blood through the vessels, which are dilated.

With a noticeable increase, swallowing is felt difficult, a lump is felt in the throat, shortness of breath occurs, coughing occurs, some compression is felt in the region of the vocal cords, hoarseness of one's voice occurs, the correct functioning of one's heart (rhythm) is disrupted, sometimes there is a mixing of one's eyeball slightly forward.

Celandine. It will be necessary to cut only the stems of the healing celandine themselves and fill the jar with them exactly halfway. The remaining empty part is filled with real vodka and insisted for one decade. Start taking 2 small drops in the morning and be sure to take it on an empty stomach. It is recommended to drink boiled water. Every future day, you must add 2 drops until you reach 16 such drops. This is followed by a break for a whole week and treatment continues again, taking 16 drops. The recommended course will have to last as long as 2 months.

Important!!! The proposed medicine is very toxic, so do not exceed the written dose, do not take it with, in the form of a severe one, after, after a heart attack, pregnant women, who have neuroses, with, and any .

Sweet clover together with nettle. The ingredients can be purchased at a pharmacy, or you can use freshly harvested herbs. Mix nettle with medicinal sweet clover 3:1 and pour boiling water over it all. The proportion is calculated as 500 ml of water per glass of herbs. Leave to infuse in an enamel bowl for 10 hours. Take 100 g, 3 times a day after filtering. The proposed treatment is carried out for 2 months. Noticeable results can be experienced after 15 days.

Feijoa, honey and nuts. Using a home blender, grind the ripe fruits of the healthy feijoa fruit, real honey and walnut kernels. Everything should be in equal proportions. Take only before meals (25 minutes), 3 tbsp. l 2 times a day. The duration of the entire course is 2 months. With the permission of the doctor, it is possible for children and all pregnant women. Feijoa contains the right amount of iodine. If you started treatment at the initial stage (early stage), then the probability of recovery will be 98%.

Treatment of diffuse goiter with folk remedies.

Symptoms.

The initial manifesting stage is never noticeable. When it begins to increase and its mass gains up to 50 grams, then a certain bulge will begin to appear. A noticeable thickening forms on the neck itself, resembling a roller in shape. Both sides of the goiter usually increase equally.

After an increase, a slight pressure is always felt in the area of ​​the goiter, swallowing is difficult, dizziness occurs, shortness of breath is present, even when resting, noisy breathing is observed - this is due to the beginning, gradual compression of the larynx itself.

Dandelion. A compress is made from young and clean leaves of medicinal dandelion. Dip the leaves in melted butter, add 1 tbsp. l of high-quality milk and heat until warm. We place a gauze napkin on the neck, and on top we place the leaves in a heated form. We withstand the compress for 15 minutes. Then we repeat this procedure 3 times. We do two repetitions a day.

It will take 3 months for complete recovery. Don't let the deadline scare you, the result will meet all expectations. Relief will come after 3 weeks of use. The recipe is suitable for pregnant women and even children. Most folk healers recommend combining this method with another method of treating diffuse goiter.

Collection number 1. Necessary and necessary ingredients: 1 tsp of healing St. John's wort stalks, 1 tsp of healthy licorice roots, exactly 5 pieces of ripe medicinal rose hips, 2 tsp of pink radiola and 2 tsp of medicinal angelica. Pour the crushed collection with one liter of boiling water, keep on reduced heat for 15 minutes, remove and let it brew for about 2 hours, then strain and pour into a thermos. The decoction is drunk 3 times a day, warm and before meals. For the next treatment, we prepare a fresh and new decoction. Continue taking 12 calendar weeks.

Important!!! Especially effective if diffuse goiter is non-toxic. Remember that such an effective decoction has a tonic effect and it is advisable to take it before 15 hours (3 hours in the afternoon).

Nuts together with buckwheat. Using a kitchen coffee grinder, it is necessary to grind walnut kernels in the amount of 20 pieces and buckwheat in the amount of 2 tbsp. l. Place everything in a glass container and pour 250 g of honey, then mix. Take 4 r per day, only after meals. The intake should last 5 weeks, but after every 9 calendar days, observe the required three-day break. A noticeable result occurs after 3 weeks.

Collection number 2. Acquire the necessary roots in pharmacies. Place crushed roots of dyeing madder (50 g), licorice (100 g), soapwort (50 g) in an enamel bowl, add 2 l. boiling water and immediately boil for about 20 minutes. Leave in a cool place for this, infuse for 2 hours. Reception consists in 1 glass, in the morning, until breakfast. The course of the described treatment is 10 weeks. At 4 weeks there are noticeable improvements.

Symptoms.

At the first stage, external noticeable manifestations are not noticed. This disease progresses in the third stage. In this case, the entire front surface of the neck will stand out with some thickening. It can be located on one side, or maybe on both sides and look like a butterfly. With a volume of up to 2 cm, it is always palpable on its own.

The shape sometimes resembles a round formation, which consists of rather small composed bubbles filled with colloid. In men, it is usually located below the Adam's apple itself, in women even lower. The cyst, containing colloidal fluid, is quite dense and has a shell. But as the goiter grows, the cyst becomes soft.

The third degree of colloid goiter is accompanied by coughing, pressure is always felt in the entire front of the neck, swallowing is almost always disturbed, hoarseness of one's own voice occurs, tickling and a feeling of coma.

Treatment of thyroid goiter with folk remedies.

Bloodroot. Take 250 g of coarsely chopped white cinquefoil roots and pour a liter of vodka into a glass container. Leave to infuse for a decade and a half, in a place where it is cool and dark. Take after meals, exactly 1 tsp twice a day, while drinking water. The course is from 6 to 8 weeks.

A tincture consisting of these roots normalizes thyrotropin (hormone). And he, in turn, the thyroid gland. Especially recommended for those people who will be contraindicated in all hormonal drugs.

Cocklebur. It is required to pour a cup of boiling water, 1 tsp of leaves in a crushed form of medicinal cocklebur. Bring to a boil and infuse for 2 hours. It is drunk exclusively in its warm form, exactly 3 times a day and always only before the meal itself. Every next day, a completely fresh composition is brewed.

Such a decoction is able to completely stop the growth of colloid goiter. In addition, it removes some swelling, has favorable analgesic properties and a positive effect occurs already on the 20th day, and keep the course for 2 months. A second course is allowed, after a month break.

Rowan. Take and pour 1 liter of boiling water 10 tablespoons of black chokeberry, dried. Then boil them a little (only 5 minutes). Let the hour stand. Then mix with 2 tbsp. l of real honey. Take before any food, 250 ml 4 times a day. The treatment lasts a month, the break lasts the same and the monthly course is resumed. While there is a break, it is necessary to make a helping compress in the entire area of ​​​​the thyroid gland, using white cabbage, or the freshest leaves of healthy dandelion.

.

Potato juice. Choose the largest tuber of domestic potatoes, peel it and grind it with a regular grater. Wrap everything in gauze and carefully squeeze out all the juice (about 50 ml). Take with any meal, up to 3 times a day.

Horse sorrel. You will need cut, already washed 5 washed rhizomes of this sorrel, pour real vodka (0.5 l). The entire duration of the infusion lasts 14 calendar days, without exposure to light, with daily periodic shaking. After straining, treat 2 tablespoons of dessert, 35 minutes before meals.

Cherry bark. Grind 2 small handfuls of cherry bark and pour in a liter jar bought with vodka. We close the jar very tightly and place it instead without access to any light for 22 calendar days. When this period ends, then take 25 ml, preferably 35 minutes before meals.

Elecampane. Fill up to the middle of a 500 ml jar with flowers, as well as elecampane leaves (crushed). Cover the rest of the space completely with vodka, set in a dark place for 16 calendar days. Compresses are made such a wonderful tool, rubbing in the neck area, as well as gargling your throat 1 tbsp. l diluted with a mug of water and pre-strained.

ALL GOOD, CORRECT TREATMENT AND HEALTHY HEALTH!!!

What is this disease?

• 15-20 ml in women;
• 23-25 ​​ml in men.

You can see what a thyroid goiter is in the photo:

The name of the disease comes from the similarity with the esophagus of birds in shape, which is also called goiter. The disease is quite common, especially in areas where there is a lack of iodine in food.

Varieties of goiter

The most common type is endemic goiter, common in cities with iodine deficiency. According to the functioning of the organ, the disease differs:

• decreased production of thyroid hormones hypothyroidism;
• increased function of the gland thyrotoxicosis, hyperthyroidism;
• normal production of thyroid hormones euthyroidism.

• diffuse look- the organ increases evenly without the formation of nodes.
• nodal view- characterized by the formation of one or more nodes in the structure of the organ itself.

  Such nodes are filled with a viscous fluid. In this case, iron increases only in specific areas.

• mixed view (diffuse-nodular)- with a uniform increase in the body, there are also one or more nodes.

Degrees of thyroid goiter

• 0 degree- this is the absence of goiter;
• I degree- an increase in the thyroid gland is imperceptible to the eye, but is felt on palpation;
• II degree- goiter is visible to the eye and palpable.

• I degree- the seal is palpable;
• II degree- hardening of the thyroid gland is noticeable to the eye;
• III degree- the size of the neck is noticeably increased;
• IV degree- change in the shape of the neck;
• V degree- big goiter.

With the help of ultrasound, you can most accurately determine the size of the affected organ and assign the exact degree of the disease.

Causes of goiter

1. With hypothyroidism:

• violation of the production of thyroid hormones, transmitted through the hereditary line;
• the use of goiter products (cabbage, radish, turnip, Jerusalem artichoke);
• side effects from taking certain drugs.

• toxic diffuse goiter - an autoimmune disease (Graves' disease);
• thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid gland);
• thyroid oncology.

Suppurative processes in the body (chronic tonsillitis, sinusitis, frontal sinusitis, otitis media) also inhibit the function of the thyroid gland (Hashimoto's goiter).

What are the symptoms?

Obvious manifestations of iodine deficiency:

• lowering blood pressure;
• reduced work capacity;
• unstable chair.

• an unpleasant lump in the throat that makes swallowing difficult;
• causeless cough;
• voice change;
• suffocation;
• violation of the emotional background;

• protrusion of the eyeball (exophthalmos);
• weight loss;
• constant hunger;
• tremor of the limbs;
• cardiopalmus.

• hair loss, brittle nails;
• violation of the menstrual cycle;
• low body temperature, not rising even with inflammatory processes in the body.

How is it diagnosed?

• Ultrasound - helps to establish not only the type of goiter and size, but also the localization of the nodes, their number;
• blood test for hormones (TSH, T3, T4, thyroglobulin);
• chest x-ray (with individual indications);
• tissue biopsy of the formed node.

Treatment methods for thyroid goiter

Medical therapy

• with hyperthyroidism, they achieve a decrease in the synthesis of hormones;
• in hypothyroidism, they increase the concentration of thyroid hormones in the blood.

Diet

The nervous system activates the use of:

• coffee and black tea;
• chocolate
• strong broth;
• alcohol;
• sauces;
• spicy dishes;
• spices.

Nutrition should be as nutritious as possible, rich in vitamins and minerals. Especially it is necessary to give preference to products saturated with iodine (with a lack of it in the body). These are:

• seafood (seaweed, cod liver, red caviar, shrimp, tuna);
• cereals (buckwheat, white beans);
• berries and fruits (persimmons, cranberries, strawberries, prunes);
• vegetables (especially tomatoes, beets, carrots, pumpkins and garlic).

From the issue of "Life is great!" you will find out which foods are especially useful for nourishing the thyroid gland:

Elimination of foci of chronic infection

Treatment with folk remedies

Walnut

Keep in mind that such fruits are quite bitter and have a specific taste, so you can replace them with ripe fruits. But ripe nuts contain less iodine, so you need to eat 3-4 fruits with a spoonful of honey.

You can apply a nut compress:

• Collect the leaves, shells and internal partitions of the fruit in a jar and pour boiling water over it.
• Leave the tincture wrapped for an hour, then let cool.
• Soak gauze or other clean cloth in it and apply to the neck.
• Attach a piece of polyethylene on top and wrap your neck with a scarf.

Celandine

• Finely chop the celandine and place tightly in a liter jar up to half.
• Pour the raw materials with vodka and leave for 2 weeks in a dark place, periodically shaking the jar.

White bloodroot

• Pour 50 g of white cinquefoil root with half a liter of vodka.
• Infuse for about a month (at least 3 weeks).

sea ​​kale

Sea buckthorn oil

• Before going to bed, spread a thin layer of sea buckthorn oil on the place where the neck is thickened.
• From above, draw an iodine grid with a cotton swab.
• Attach polyethylene and wrap your neck with a scarf.
• Remove the bandage in the morning.

Video: Japanese secrets

Hormones produced by the thyroid gland are involved in the course of the most important biochemical processes in the body. Without them, it is impossible to carry out metabolism, the functioning of the nervous system. Violation of the thyroid gland leads to the appearance of diseases of the heart and other organs. The consequences of hormonal failure become a disorder of the reproductive system, the occurrence of cancer. One of the typical manifestations of a functional failure is an increase in the volume of the organ and the appearance of a goiter.

There are endemic and sporadic goiter.

Endemic

It is typical for geographical areas in which there is a lack of iodine in water and food. The causes of the disease can be:

• contamination of natural water bodies with substances that prevent the absorption of iodine in the body (nitrates, chromium and calcium compounds);
• lack of water and food of zinc, copper, selenium and other elements that promote the absorption of iodine and the formation of thyroid hormones;
• poor sanitary and hygienic conditions and unfavorable social conditions that provoke infectious diseases;
• the traditional predominance in food of foods with a high content of strumagenic substances that block the absorption of iodine by the thyroid gland, as well as a lack of foods containing iodine (fish, fruits) in the diet;
• congenital thyroid dysfunction.

Sporadic

It occurs in people living in an area where there are no natural violations of the iodine content. The causes of the appearance of diseases can be unfavorable ecology, abuse of hormonal and some other drugs, genetic predisposition to thyroid diseases.

The appearance of goiter can be triggered by emotional stress or physical overload. In addition, sporadic goiter of the thyroid gland is formed during the development of diseases associated with a violation of the structure of its tissues (adenomas, tumors, tuberculosis). The cause of autoimmune pathologies of the thyroid gland can be a congenital disorder of the immune system, as well as an infectious infection.

Goiter occurs in both children and adults of both sexes. In women, this pathology is much more common than in men, due to the fact that the hormonal background is unstable. The ratio of hormones in them changes repeatedly during the month. Sharp jumps in the level of various hormones occur during growing up, during pregnancy, after childbirth, with the onset of menopause.

If iodine deficiency was observed in the mother during pregnancy, then the child may develop a congenital goiter, a lack of thyroid hormones T3 and T4 in the body.

Note: In children, there is such a pathology as atrophy, or a decrease in the thyroid gland. At the same time, the level of thyroid hormones is extremely low, as a result of which dementia (cretinism) develops.

Another reason for the formation of congenital goiter may be the appearance of a dermoid cyst on the neck (during the formation of organs, a cavity is formed containing particles of germinal tissues: fatty, bone and hair).

The degree of goiter development

According to the severity of symptoms, the following degrees of development of pathology are distinguished:

• an increase in goiter is imperceptible;
• external manifestations are absent, but an increase in the volume of the gland is detected by palpation;
• the goiter is visible to the naked eye, it is also detected by touch.

Video: Causes and consequences of thyroid disease in women

Varieties of goiter

There are several types of pathology: diffuse goiter (with uniform growth of thyroid tissue), nodular (with the formation of individual nodes) and mixed.

With the development of nodular goiter, the thickening of the neck may be asymmetrical if it is formed only on the right or left lobe of the thyroid gland. But it is also possible to defeat both sides.

Overgrown thyroid follicles can be dense in structure. But in most cases they are filled with a viscous liquid - a colloid (the so-called diffuse, nodular or mixed "colloidal" is formed). This type of pathology is the most harmless, since it does not lead to malignant degeneration of cells.

By location they distinguish:

• common goiter;
• partially protruding beyond the sternum;
• located in the form of a ring.

A goiter located in the region of the root of the tongue and an additional lobe of the thyroid gland is called dystopic.

Symptoms of various types of pathology

Symptoms of goiter appear after an increase in its size, when it begins to put pressure on neighboring tissues. Metabolic disorders lead to fluid retention in the tissues and swelling in the neck and sternum. Possible increase in body temperature. In this case, there are difficulties in breathing, swallowing, turning the head, a dry cough appears, and the voice becomes hoarse. Clamping of blood vessels leads to dizziness.

Pathological conditions of the body, leading to the formation of goiter of the thyroid gland, are divided into the following types: hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and euthyroidism.

Hypothyroidism

This is a condition that occurs due to insufficiently active production of thyroid hormones. At the same time, metabolic processes in the body slow down. As a result, a person develops obesity, swelling, mental and physical retardation.

There are also symptoms such as weakness, chronic fatigue, drowsiness, a constant desire to keep warm. There is dry skin, hair loss.

A characteristic sign is apathy, low blood pressure, slowing of the pulse, arrhythmia and heart failure. There may be fainting. In women, the production of sex hormones decreases, amenorrhea occurs.

An example of such a pathology is Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The disease has an autoimmune nature. The cells that are supposed to produce hormones are destroyed by the body's own immune system.

Hyperthyroidism

Increased production of hormones, an abnormal acceleration of metabolism lead to a sharp weight loss of a person and exhaustion of the nervous system. A similar condition occurs with such autoimmune diseases as "toxic goiter" (Basedow's disease), "Riedel's fibroplastic goiter", as well as with benign tumors (thyroid adenomas). With hyperthyroidism, there is increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, irritability and agitation. A characteristic sign is hand trembling. Patients complain of frequent urination. In women, hot flashes (attacks of heat, followed by chills and sweating) increase.

Basedow's disease- a tight lump appears in the neck area. The eyeballs become convex due to an increase in their size. Flashing is extremely rare. Perhaps the onset of blindness due to damage to the optic nerve.

Fibroplastic goiter Riedel. The destruction of cells by lymphocytes leads to the growth of the connective tissue of the thyroid gland and the formation of a very dense asymmetrically located fibrous goiter (it is called "iron").

Adenoma. Pathological tissue growth occurs in a limited area, due to which a one-sided seal appears on the neck.

Euthyroidism

The growth of thyroid tissue does not affect the production of hormones, but its increase leads to the formation of nodes. This condition is borderline, a subsequent decrease or increase in the level of thyroid hormones may occur. Typical symptoms are the formation of growths on the neck, uncontrolled weight gain, irritability, voice change, feeling of a lump in the throat.

Video: Diagnosis of nodular goiter

Diagnostics

The presence of seals that occur with goiter of the thyroid gland is established by feeling the neck. Ultrasound is performed to assess their location and nature. This method also allows you to examine the condition of blood vessels and lymph nodes.

A blood test is carried out for thyroid hormones T3 (triiodothyronine), T4 (thyroxine), calcitonin, as well as TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone of the pituitary gland).

A biochemical blood test is carried out for cholesterol, sugar, protein and other substances. This allows you to evaluate the metabolic rate in the body.

To check the ability of the thyroid gland to absorb iodine, scintigraphy is used - a study in which radioactive isotopes of iodine are introduced into the gland, and then, using a special counter, the rate of their distribution throughout the body is studied.

To study the state of organs in the chest area, an x-ray or a study by computer methods is carried out. The nature of the pathology is established by biopsy of the seal tissues.

goiter treatment

The consequences of the disease depend on the type of thyroid disorders. With hypothyroidism, a person can fall into a coma. Hyperthyroidism leads to blindness. Toxic goiter sometimes causes death.

In the treatment of hypothyroidism, a diet with the use of foods with a high content of iodine is prescribed. In hyperthyroidism, on the contrary, it is recommended to limit their use.

The method of treatment depends on the nature of the pathology, the stage of the disease, the age of the patient. The main methods of treatment are drug therapy, radioactive iodine treatment and surgery.

Medical treatment

At the initial stage of goiter formation, iodomarin and potassium iodide preparations help to eliminate iodine deficiency.

With an excess of thyroid hormones in the body, therapy with thyreostatic drugs that suppress the production of thyroid hormones is carried out. Thymazol, propylthiouracil are used.

With a lack of hormones, L-thyroxine and euthyrox are prescribed, which are synthetic analogues of thyroid hormones. The dose of drugs is selected individually and constantly adjusted in accordance with the results of blood tests for hormones (T3 and T4). Such drugs are taken for years, and sometimes for life.

Radical treatments

One of them is the destruction of gland tissues with the help of radioactive iodine. In this way, they achieve a decrease in the production of hormones and the elimination of hyperthyroidism. The method is used in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis, diffuse toxic goiter and cancer.

The second method is the surgical removal of part or all of the thyroid gland. After surgery, lifelong medication is needed to maintain the level of thyroid hormones, as well as calcium in the body.

Goiter during pregnancy

Goiter of the thyroid gland in women during pregnancy leads to serious complications of its course, affects the development of the fetus and the process of delivery.

Lack of iodine leads to a violation of the formation of the placenta, which ensures the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the body of the fetus. The child may develop dwarfism, deafness, mental retardation. He may be born dead.

The consequences for the future mother herself may be hypertension, heart failure, the appearance of edema, premature birth due to placental abruption, the appearance of uterine bleeding during and after childbirth.

With mild goiter, it is possible to correct the level of hormones with the help of drugs. In more complex cases, surgical removal of the goiter is sometimes performed at 14 weeks of gestation. In the event of a moderate and severe form of the disease, termination of pregnancy is recommended, since treatment with thyroid hormones in high doses is extremely harmful to the development of the fetus.

Video: How the thyroid gland affects the female reproductive system

Hormones in the human body play an important role, affecting the metabolism and physiological functions of the body. These biological substances are produced by various glands, including the thyroid gland. It stores iodine necessary for metabolism and produces iodine-containing hormones.

A thyroid disorder called a goiter requires immediate treatment, as this disease leads to serious dysfunctions in the body.

Basically, endocrinologists prescribe complex therapy. It provides for both medication and alternative, which in the early stages of the disease can be effective.

What is a goiter?

The thyroid gland in humans is located in the neck under the larynx and has the shape of a butterfly. It produces three hormones that are responsible for the exchange of calcium in tissues, the timely development of tissues and organs, the production of the necessary vital energy and metabolism.

Endocrinologists note that in recent decades, the formation of goiter has occupied the first place among various thyroid diseases.

A goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland. In medicine, the word is used due to its external resemblance to the goiter of birds - this is the formation of an expansion in the lower part of the esophagus to store food supplies. The name "thyroid goiter" was approved in the course of research in 1883 in view of the clinical picture of the disease. It was described by Kocher and the Reverdin brothers.

Kinds

Thyroid goiter is a fully researched disease. Experts divide it into various classifications, since each has its own causes of occurrence and lends itself to certain methods of treatment.

By structure:

• Diffusion - a hereditary or autoimmune disease in which the gland increases in size;
• Nodular - a disease in which various neoplasms appear in the thyroid gland of various etiologies. It is divided into solitary, multinodal and conglomerate;
• Mixed - a hereditary or autoimmune disease with neoplasms and an increase in the gland in size.

By location:

• Classical;
• Partially chest;
• Annular;
• Dystopic.

Functional changes:

• Hypothyroidism - a decrease in the level of hormone production;
• Euthyroidism - the level of hormones is produced normally, but an increase is characteristic;
• Thyrotoxicosis - increased levels of hormone production.

By degree of magnification:

• Grade 0 - no goiter;
• Grade 1 - Goiter is palpable but not visible in normal neck position;
• Grade 2 - Goiter is palpable and visible.

In order to correctly classify the nature of the formation of thyroid goiter and its degree of development, it is necessary to contact an endocrinologist.

Reasons for the appearance

Thyroid dysfunction is an extremely common disease. Based on many studies, it is known that every second person has certain pathological changes in the thyroid gland.

The main identified causes of the formation of thyroid pathology today are:

• Deficiency or excess of iodine;
• Heredity;
• Surgical interventions;
• Adverse effects of medications;
• Violation of the functioning of the immune system;
• Violations of the nervous and endocrine systems;
• Unfavorable environmental conditions.

The main cause of the above in most cases is iodine deficiency.

The thyroid gland produces two iodine-containing hormones - thyroxine and triiodothyronine, which are responsible for metabolism and brain development.

An increased level of hormones of the endocrine system leads to the development of a toxic species. When the level is reduced, the goiter becomes non-toxic.

Symptoms

The symptomatology of the disease depends on the stage and nature of the formation of thyroid goiter.
The early stage of the development of pathology can proceed almost asymptomatically, until the moment when the thyroid gland does not increase in size.

List of common symptoms is quite extensive, since the state of the thyroid gland affects almost all processes in the body. Symptoms include:

• Hoarseness;
• Irritability and sudden mood swings;
• sweating;
• Trembling of hands;
• Weakness, fatigue and drowsiness;
• diarrhea or polyuria;
• Menstrual irregularities;
• Decreased libido.

If the pathology is more severe, the general ones are added pronounced symptoms, such as:

• Difficulty swallowing and feeling of "coma" in the throat;
• Feeling of suffocation;
• Constant coughing;
• Dizziness;
• Memory disorders;
• fluctuations in body weight;
• Signs of Graves' disease, etc.

If you do not turn to the treatment of thyroid disease in time, you can expect serious complications. These include:

• irreversible changes in the heart;
• Hemorrhage in the thyroid gland;
• Compression of the esophagus and trachea;
• The formation of malignant tumors.

Diagnostics

To diagnose diseases of the thyroid gland, you should contact your primary care physician during the initial appointment, as there are many diseases with similar symptoms of thyroid goiter. If the therapist, on the basis of a survey, reveals a malfunction in the endocrine system, then he directs for examination and treatment to an endocrinologist.

Today, various diagnostic methods are offered to detect the first signs of pathological changes in the thyroid gland. Basically, apply comprehensive study which includes:

• Visual and tactile diagnostics;
• Ultrasound, which determines the size of the thyroid gland and possible nodular formations;
• Positron emission tomography, which allows you to detect even small pathological changes in the thyroid gland;
• Blood test for hormones;
• Fine-needle puncture, with which you can determine the nature of the change - benign or malignant;
• Scintigraphy - with its help, the so-called cold and warm zones of the thyroid gland are determined. Cold means low production of the isotope of iodine, warm - on the contrary, high.

Techniques for the treatment of thyroid goiter

Approaches to the treatment of thyroid goiter are selected by an endocrinologist on the basis of the studies. Depends on the clinical picture of the disease, etiology and nature of the course. Distinguish:

• drug therapy;
• radioiodine therapy;
• Hirudotherapy;
• Surgical intervention;
• alternative therapy;
• Less often resort to laser, radiation and chemotherapy.

The most progressive and popular method is drug replacement therapy. The result of artificial replacement of the hormone is the elimination of the deficiency of the produced hormone. Or vice versa, depending on the type of pathology, they turn to medications that suppress the increased production of hormones.

Usually the course of treatment is quite long. It can vary from a year to several years, but provided that the degree of the disease is 1 or 2. In severe cases, surgical intervention is necessary.

The use of medicines

As already mentioned, the endocrinologist prescribes drugs for treatment depending on the nature of the pathological changes, since their use is fundamentally different for hypo- and hyperfunctions.

Treatment takes place necessarily under stable supervision, since, based on the dynamics of the reaction of the disease, the specialist can replace the recommended drugs and individually select the desired dosages.

In hypothyroidism, when the function of producing a sufficient amount of hormones is reduced, the use of drugs such as:

• Levothyroxine sodium;
• Iodomarin;
• thyroxin;
• Triiodothyronine;
• Thyroiditis.

Also, various supporting iodine-containing preparations can be additionally prescribed, most often these are natural algae supplements (for example, Spirulina), which are recommended to be used after treatment throughout life in order to avoid iodine deficiency.

In hyperthyroidism, when the content of hormones, on the contrary, is increased, drugs that suppress the production of these hormones are used:

• Mercazolil;
• Tyrosol;
• Metizol;
• Thiamazole.

Unlike iodine-containing drugs, hormonal drugs are prescribed with caution, starting with small doses and then increasing them. This is necessary in order to track the body's reaction to them. The abolition of these drugs is also gradual.

Radioiodine therapy is used to treat malignant tumors diagnosed in the thyroid gland. It can be used instead of surgery for some types of thyroid cancer, depending on the degree and type of malignancy.

Radioiodine therapy is also used after thyroid surgery to eliminate residual symptoms of the disease, such as metastases and cysts.

The essence of therapy is to take capsules and solutions containing radioactive iodine. Radioactive iodine accumulates in the thyroid gland and contributes to the breakdown of malignant neoplasms and the restoration of connective tissue.

This is a great alternative to surgery and is safe for health. It shows its full effectiveness after two to three months. A significant change in the clinical picture can be observed after a few weeks.

Hirudotherapy refers to alternative medicine methods in the treatment of thyroid problems. In simple terms, this is treatment with medical leeches. Thanks to their therapeutic saliva, which contains more than a hundred different enzymes that purify the blood, the immune system is restored and hemostasis is regulated.

The course of hirudotherapy is usually 10 days. Each leech is used once. They are placed on certain points according to the principle of acupuncture.

Contraindicated in people suffering from anemia, hypotension, hemophilia and hemorrhagic diathesis. Not applicable during pregnancy and children under 7 years of age.

Surgical intervention

Surgery is used as a last resort when medical treatment is ineffective. There are a number of specific cases in which surgery is necessary:

• Persistent relapses with drug treatment and drug resistance;
• The size of the knots exceeds 3 cm;
• Deformation of adjacent tissues and organs due to compression;
• neck deformity;
• Detection of malignant tumors.

There are three types of surgery. The council of doctors decides which of the methods will be applicable and rational in a particular case. Also, when choosing a method for performing an operation, the number of glandular tissues of the endocrine organ that are subject to excision is taken into account. Types of surgical intervention:

• Hemithyroidectomy is the cupping of one lobe of the thyroid gland;
• Thyroidectomy is the removal of the follicular tissue of the endocrine organ;
• Resection of the gland is the partial removal of affected areas, such as cysts.

Folk remedies for goiter

Goiter of the thyroid gland is a serious disease, and traditional medicine can only act as an auxiliary method of treatment in combination with taking medications. To avoid deterioration or allergic reactions due to the compatibility of certain alternative methods when taking medications, a doctor's consultation is required.

Basically, alternative medicine offers to treat goiter with various infusions and decoctions.

Infusion of honey with lemon and garlic actively affects the improvement of metabolism and improves immunity. It is required to mix honey with the juice of 10 lemons and 10 crushed garlic cloves. Insist 10 days and then begin a course of treatment, the duration of which is 8 weeks. It should be taken before meals in the morning and in the evening, 1 tsp dissolved in a glass of water.

Used as a coagulant. Due to the fact that toxins and radioactive substances are removed, the size of the thyroid gland decreases and active functionality is restored. It is required to grind 30 g of dead bees into gruel. Pour 500 ml of water and bring to a boil. Boil over low heat for 30 minutes. Strain and store in the refrigerator for up to three weeks. Take orally 1 tbsp. within 21 days.

Infusion of dried roots of Potentilla white improves the functioning of the thyroid gland and normalizes the production of thyrotropin hormone. For preparation, it is necessary to grind 250 g of dry cinquefoil roots. Pour 1 liter of vodka and insist for 15 days. Take a tincture of 1 tsp. twice a day after meals with a glass of water. The course is designed for 2-3 months.
The tool is effective in both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.

Alcohol tincture from used for nodular goiter. It is prepared as follows: half fill a sterilized liter jar with crushed celandine and pour alcohol or vodka to the top. Infuse for 2 weeks, periodically shaking the container. Reception begins with 2 drops dissolved in 50 ml of water, gradually increasing to 16. Having reached a dosage of 16 drops, take in this mode for 1 month. Then take a break for 10-14 days and repeat the monthly course of administration immediately with a dosage of 16 drops.

Infusion from and sweet clover well helps in the early stages of goiter thyroid disease. It is also a decongestant and sedative. To prepare a decoction, you need to mix chopped, freshly picked nettle and sweet clover in a ratio of 3: 1. Pour boiling water at the rate of: a glass of vegetable raw materials per liter of water. Infuse for 10 hours, then strain and take 100 g 3 times a day. The course is designed for 2 months.

Prevention

To eliminate iodine deficiency and prevent thyroid goiter, the following measures are taken:

• Mass iodine prophylaxis is when mass consumption foods such as table salt, bread, tea and even canned food are iodized;
• Group iodine prophylaxis is aimed at certain risk groups prone to iodine deficiency: adolescents, pregnant and lactating women;
• Individual iodine prophylaxis is aimed at individuals prone to thyroid diseases. They are also recommended long-term use of drugs containing physiological doses of iodine.

In preventive measures, great attention is paid to nutrition, which should provide the right amount of iodine.

Recommended iodine-containing products: sea fish, sea kale, meat, beans, eggs, wheat flour. It is also necessary to consume dairy products, fruits and vegetables containing B vitamins, provitamin A and C.

Significance in the prevention of goiter of the thyroid gland has a normal daily routine, excluding stress and stress, nutrition, exercise and hardening.

Goiter or struma is a disease in which there is an increase in the size (volume) of the thyroid gland. Pathology becomes noticeable when the volume of the neck increases significantly. The systematic growth of the entire thyroid gland is called a diffuse goiter, a point increase in certain areas of the organ is called nodular. The initial stage of the disease is almost asymptomatic. As the tissues of the endocrine system organ grow, a tumor forms on the front of the neck, squeezing nearby blood vessels, vocal cords, nerve fibers and endings, and the trachea. Let us consider in more detail why a goiter of the thyroid gland appears, what it is, ways to treat the disease.

Women are 6 times more susceptible to the disease than men due to more frequent hormonal fluctuations (menstruation, pregnancy, menopause). Often, goiter is formed during puberty, when the hormonal system is rebuilt in adolescents. After 52-55 years, the work of the endocrine glands deteriorates (there is an extinction of functions), therefore, the risk of goiter and other pathologies of the thyroid gland increases significantly.

Thyroid goiter - what is it? Symptoms.

The characteristic signs of goiter are:

• difficulty breathing, up to a feeling of suffocation;
• dizziness, disorientation and heaviness in the head;
• change in voice timbre, hoarseness;
• difficulty in swallowing;
• cough;
• excessive fatigue, general weakness;
• increased irritability and instability of the emotional background;
• apathy, melancholy;
• tremor of the limbs, muscle weakness;
• bulging eyes;
• violation of the menstrual cycle;
• diarrhea or constipation.

Goiter of the thyroid gland has many varieties, each individual pathology arises and proceeds according to its own pattern. The collective concept of goiter includes such diseases as: endemic thyroid goiter, Hashimoto's goiter (Hashimoto's thyroiditis), Graves' disease, thyroid adenoma, Riedel's fibroplastic goiter, congenital goiter, nodular goiter, cystic goiter, mixed goiter, diffuse goiter.

Depending on the hormone-forming function of the thyroid gland, the manifestations of goiter are divided into:

— thyrotoxicosis (increase in hormone production, leading to an accelerated metabolism and increased stress on the central nervous system);

— hypothyroidism (decrease in the synthesis of hormones, causing a slowdown in metabolic processes in the body);

— euthyroidism (hormones are produced, according to the regulations).

Causes of thyroid goiter

The main causes of pathology are:

• autoimmune conditions in which the production of antibodies is disrupted (the immune system synthesizes antibodies to the cells of its own body), the thyroid gland is stimulated with special proteins;
• chronic pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys, characterized by a decrease in the absorption of iodine from food;
• physiological conditions requiring high doses of iodine, for example, pregnancy, restructuring in adolescence, menopause, etc .;
• congenital anomalies that lead to disruption of hormone production processes, for example, Pendred's syndrome;
• taking drugs that disrupt the synthesis of thyroid hormones.

Factors provoking the development of goiter:

• lack of iodine in the body (endogenous deficiency);
• iodine deficiency in food (exogenous deficiency);
• congestion in the blood and lymphatic system;
• hereditary predisposition;
• malfunctions of the autonomic nervous system;
• stressful situations, mental and physical exhaustion;
• decreased immunity;
• previous traumatic brain injury;
• various mental illnesses;
• unfavorable ecological situation in the place of residence, high radioactive background, water pollution with toxic substances, salts of heavy metals, radionuclides, carcinogens.

Treatment of thyroid goiter in traditional medicine

The endocrinologist and surgeon prescribe the appropriate treatment after a comprehensive examination of the patient, depending on the causes of the pathology, the degree of damage to the thyroid gland and the characteristics of its functioning. Conduct a patient survey, external examination of the neck, palpation of the thyroid gland, ultrasound of the organ. Be sure to conduct hormonal blood tests. In some cases, a chest x-ray is prescribed.

The main methods of treatment include: a drug course, irradiation with radioactive iodine and surgical intervention. Drugs are prescribed depending on the production of thyroid hormones: in hyperthyroidism, the synthesis of hormones is reduced with the help of drugs, and in hypothyroidism, an increase in the concentration of thyroid hormones in the blood is achieved. In this way, it is possible to achieve a reduction in nodes with nodular goiter.

Alternative treatment of goiter

Traditional medicine recipes give good results only in combination with traditional methods of treatment. They are used only after consultation with the endocrinologist observing you. Self-medication in this case is unacceptable, because without blood tests, the patient does not know exactly how his hormonal system functions.

Oat seed. 2 cups of unpeeled cereal grains are poured with a liter of water and simmered over low heat for about half an hour. Strained jelly is taken three times a day for ½ cup.

Pharmaceutical camomile. Infusion chamomile inflorescences helps with goiter: 1 tbsp. steam a spoonful of dried baskets with a glass of boiling water and let it soak for 10 minutes. The filtered infusion is taken in half a glass twice a day after meals.

Thyme. Thyme tea is useful for diffuse goiter. Place a tablespoon of dry grass in a teapot scalded with boiling water, pour 220 ml of hot water, leave for 10-12 minutes, drink a glass three times a day instead of tea, sweetened with mountain or forest honey.

Rowan red. fresh or dried rowan berries used to prepare a healing decoction: 2 dessert spoons of fruits are poured into 0.3 boiling water, simmered in a water sauna for 10 minutes, insisted for at least 4 hours. Reception of a decoction three times a day for ½ cup.

Rowan chokeberry. Dark blue fruits are a valuable source of iodine in an easily accessible form for the body. With a deficiency of a trace element and diseases of the thyroid gland, daily use chokeberry, frayed with sugar in a dosage: 1 teaspoon three times a day. To prepare the medicine, fresh fruits of chokeberry are washed and ground / twisted in a meat grinder with sugar in a ratio of 1: 1. Store the mixture in a clean glass jar with a lid in a cool place.

Seaweed. Experienced doctors often prescribe to patients with iodine deficiency the intake of fucus blister powder or kelp - seaweed, which contains a unique set of trace elements and vitamins that are beneficial for the thyroid gland. Algae is purchased at a pharmacy and taken according to the instructions on the package. There are also bioadditives in capsules with kelp.

Walnuts. Iodine, a set of trace elements, tannins and astringents in the composition of unripe nuts contribute to the normalization of the functioning of the thyroid gland. Tincture: 50 g of crushed green nuts are poured into a glass bottle with 200 ml of medical alcohol, tightly sealed and infused in a shaded place, shaking occasionally, for 60 days. The medicine is especially useful in toxic goiter. Reception 5 ml three times a day half an hour before a meal.

Honey and nuts. May variety honey in combination with green walnuts, it effectively normalizes the production of thyroid hormones and treats goiter. Combine liquid May honey with those passed through a meat grinder walnut fruit collected before the beginning of July. Taking the medicine 1 teaspoon before meals, the course of treatment is a month, the break between courses is 2 weeks.

Sea buckthorn oil + iodine tincture. A thin layer of oil is applied to the enlarged neck area before going to bed. sea ​​buckthorn berries, and then draw an iodine grid over the oil with a cotton swab. The sore spot is covered with a layer of gauze, on top - polyethylene, the compress is insulated with a scarf made of warm wool or a downy scarf. Remove the bandage in the morning. The course of treatment is 10 days.

Nutrition for thyroid goiter

In case of problems with the endocrine system, the following products should be limited or completely excluded: coffee, black tea, chocolate, alcoholic beverages, energy stimulants, canned, fried, fatty, smoked, salty, spicy and spicy dishes, convenience foods, fast food, margarine, mayonnaise, refined sugar, white flour.

Be sure to include in the diet foods rich in trace elements, primarily iodine ( I): feijoa, nuts, seafood, sea ​​kale, fish, cod liver, red caviar, buckwheat. The following berries, vegetables and fruits provide tremendous support to the thyroid gland: strawberries, persimmon, blueberries, pineapples, strawberries, tomatoes, garlic, beets, carrots, pumpkins, avocados.

The condition of a patient with goiter largely depends on compliance with medical recommendations. For a stable improvement in thyroid function and normalization of hormonal levels, regular walks, outdoor activities, morning exercises, good sleep are useful. Be healthy!