Modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases. Human skin diseases - diagnosis of skin diseases Blood test for skin diseases

Few people know that the human skin is the largest organ in the body. The skin area on the body is about two square meters. Based on this, it is quite logical to assume that the number of skin diseases includes a considerable list.

In addition to the fact that the human skin performs a protective and immune function of the body, it also regulates temperature, water balance and many sensations. That is why it is so important to protect the skin from the effects of various diseases. This task is the most important in terms of prevention.

Below you can find out which of the most common skin diseases can occur in a person and see their photos. Here you can get acquainted with the description of diseases, as well as with the symptoms and causes of the disease. You should immediately pay attention to the fact that many skin diseases can be cured without much difficulty.

What are skin diseases in humans?

Skin diseases can be of various origins. All of them differ in their appearance, symptoms and cause of formation.

Dermatitis is a rash in the form of bubbles, peeling, discomfort, itching, burning, and so on. The reasons may be different, depending on which several varieties of dermatitis are distinguished, for example, infectious, allergic, atopic, food, etc.

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Photos and names of skin diseases in humans

Now it’s worth considering a photo of the main diseases of the skin, and below get acquainted with their symptoms, causes and description.

The most common skin diseases:

Papilloma

The disease of the sebaceous glands is called, which is characterized by clogging and the formation of inflammation of the follicles. People often call this skin disease acne.

The main causes of acne:

Acne symptoms:

The formation of comedones in the form of black or white acne.
Formation of deep acne: papules and pustules.
The defeat of the chest, face, back and shoulders.
The formation of redness and tuberosity.
The appearance of purulent acne.

Dermatitis is any inflammation of the skin. There are several types of dermatitis. The most common types of dermatitis are: contact, diaper, seborrheic, atopic.

Despite this, dermatitis has some main causes:

Symptoms of skin dermatitis:

The appearance of burning and itching.
Formation of blisters on the skin.
The presence of swelling.
The formation of redness at the site of inflammation.
Formation of scales and dry crusts.

Here you can learn in detail about the features and treatment of inflammation, as well as see.

Such a skin disease as lichen includes a number of several varieties. Each of these species is distinguished by its pathogen, type of rash, localization and infectivity.

Detailed information about the types of this disease can be found on the website.

The main causes of lichen on the human skin:

Symptoms of lichen disease:

The formation of colored and flaky spots.
The formation of spots on any part of the body, depending on the type of disease.
Some species are accompanied by an increase in temperature.

Herpes is a very common skin disease. Most of the world's population at least once faced with this disease.

This disease is accompanied by thickening and keratinization of human skin. With the development of keratosis, pain and bleeding wounds may appear.

The main causes of keratosis:

Symptoms of the manifestation of keratosis:

Roughness and unevenness of the skin in the first stage of the disease.
The formation of hard brown or red spots.
Peeling of the skin around the formations.
The presence of itching.

Carcinoma is considered one of the signs of the development of skin cancer.

The disease can form on any part of the skin. A sharp increase in the number of moles on the body should already be alarming.

The main symptoms of carcinoma:

The formation of pearly or shiny cones.
Ulcer formation.
Formation of pink convex spots.

hemangioma called a benign formation on the skin due to a vascular defect, which is most often manifested in children. Outwardly, the disease is a bumpy spots of a red hue.

Causes of hemangioma:

Symptoms of a hemangioma:

At the initial stage, the formation is a faint spot in the face or neck of the child.
Spot redness.
The stain becomes burgundy.

Melanoma is another sign of skin cancer. At the first sign of melanoma, you should consult a doctor.

The main symptoms of melanoma:

Papilloma

papilloma A benign tumor is called, which appears on the surface of the skin in the form of a small growth.

Causes of papilloma:

The main symptoms of papilloma:

The formation of a pink or bodily growth.
The size of the formation can reach several centimeters.
The formation of a common wart.

It is customary to call a group of fungal diseases of the skin. As a rule, this disease occurs in 20% of the inhabitants of the planet. The main cause of dermatomycosis in humans is the ingress of fungi on the skin or mucous area of a person.

Symptoms of ringworm:

The formation of red spots, which are covered with scales.
The presence of itching.
Hair loss and breakage.
Delamination of nails.

Treatment

As a rule, skin diseases are treated in the following ways:

Compliance with the diet and proper diet, the use of the necessary vitamins.
Treatment with drugs to boost the immune system.
The use of antibiotics if the skin disease has become severe.
External treatment with ointments and creams.

It is important to note that any treatment should begin only after the establishment of the disease itself and its causes by a specialist. So do not neglect to visit a doctor at the first symptoms of a skin disease.

Conclusion

You should also not forget that The best treatment for skin diseases is prevention. Elementary preventive methods are: personal hygiene, diet and precautions during outdoor recreation.

At first glance, it seems that diagnosing a skin disease is as easy as shelling pears, because it is the most accessible organ for research. But in fact, this is absolutely not the case. The thing is that there are so many different dermatoses that a dermatologist sometimes has to make a lot of attempts to recognize skin changes.

Due to the fact that all problems associated with the skin, first of all, the diagnosis of skin diseases is examined by the eyes, first of all, it is based on the examination of the skin and mucous membranes. Well, of course, in addition to the examination, the doctor must have logical thinking. If the doctor will be based on only one examination, then this is unlikely to lead to the correct diagnosis.

The first step in making a diagnosis is the history taking. The doctor must thoroughly ask the patient about how the disease began, what symptoms are inherent in it, etc. through the collection of anamnesis, the doctor will be able to find out what causes this or that disease. Well, for example, one skin disease can be caused by a violation of the immune system, and the other due to the fact that a person often comes into contact with harmful substances.

In most cases, anamnesis is taken before the start of the examination.

What should be included in the anamnesis?

All complaints related to the disease that the patient only has.
The dermatologist must necessarily clarify such information as:
Has the patient had previous cases of this disease?
How does the disease develop? Have there been relapses?
How exactly does the skin cover change and for how long does this happen?

In addition to all of the above, the doctor must establish whether the patient is worried about his existing disease. Often, skin diseases occur with such unpleasant symptoms as itching, burning, redness of the skin, etc. that is why the patient should be asked about his worries. Very often, patients with skin diseases complain of severe itching. But sometimes it happens that rashes do not bother a person at all. For example, with syphilis, a rash appears on the skin, which is just there and that's it.

If the doctor has suspicions about the allergic nature of the disease (yes, if not, too), he should ask the patient about what medications he has been taking lately. In most cases, the fact that the patient once took this or that drug, he remembers only when he is asked about it by a dermatologist.

It is very important that the diagnosis of skin diseases is also based on a very important point - as an anamnesis of the patient's life. Well, for example, a person who comes to the doctor with a problem with a skin disease can work as a painter at a construction site. This information is extremely important. the cause of dermatosis may lie precisely in the profession of the patient. This means that a person with a skin disease due to prolonged contact with paints has earned himself a skin disease.

After the dermatologist receives all the necessary information, he can begin to examine the skin.

Inspection should begin with the affected area, but, nevertheless, the entire body of the patient should be examined.
Inspection must be carried out in diffused daylight. It will also be just great if the doctor has a magnifying glass and an additional side light source.

In conclusion, I also want to say that if you find any rashes in yourself and whether they interfere with you or not, go through without fail. Only a specialist can accurately diagnose and prescribe the right treatment.

Before treatment of a dermatological disease is started, it is necessary to diagnose and make an accurate diagnosis. Each patient has the right to count on increased attention to himself and the provision of truly worthy medical care. It is mandatory to conduct a thorough examination, because skin diseases are caused by internal disorders in the human body.

Due to the fact that the causes of the development of diseases turn out to be truly different, a complete examination is required, which is the basis for a correct, reliable diagnosis. Modern medical centers can use state-of-the-art equipment, which is sure to prove to be truly useful for carrying out diagnostic measures and determining further actions.

To make an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to use various diagnostic methods: laboratory, general clinical, hardware, histological, microbiological, biochemical. It is important to note that it is customary to use dermatoscopy to diagnose skin cancer.

What should be included in a full screening program?

1. Examination of the patient by a dermatologist.
2. Collecting an anamnesis, which involves conducting a survey that allows you to find out about past diseases, medications taken. At this stage, the features of the life of a sick person and his state of health, including mental health, are taken into account.
3. Blood and urine analysis.
4. Scrapings that are required for histological as well as histochemical analysis.
5. Blood test for HIV and syphilis.
7. Dermoscopy of moles and neoplasms. This technique also allows timely detection of melanoma.
9. Endoscopic examination, which involves the use of optical instruments.
10. Consultations. In some cases, a neurologist, rheumatologist, endocrinologist, gastroenterologist, and allergist may be involved.

Modern methods of treatment of dermatological diseases

Modern dermatology has managed to please the emergence of numerous techniques that can successfully treat even complex dermatological diseases. After a correctly established diagnosis and the correct method of treatment, it becomes possible to note worthy dynamics and achieve recovery.

For acne, you can use EHF-therapy, for the treatment of skin cancer - photochemotherapy, which immediately implies the possibility of successful treatment of even the most complex diseases. To remove skin lesions, a special procedure based on liquid nitrogen, called cryodestruction, is often used. Immunotherapy can be used to strengthen a person's immunity.

For the treatment of complex pathologies, the treatment with own stem cells is successfully used. So, as you have already understood, modern medicine allows you to successfully treat serious dermatological diseases.

Methods for diagnosing dermatological diseases are no less diverse and complex than skin diseases themselves. Sometimes a visual inspection is enough, and sometimes a comprehensive study of the whole organism is necessary. Skin diseases sometimes affect the general condition of a person, and vice versa - diseases of other systems affect the condition of the skin. When a person complains to a dermatologist, it is important to understand whether skin manifestations are the cause or effect of the disease.

It would seem that the skin is the largest organ of the human body in terms of area and the most accessible for diagnostics. But it is the skin that serves as the first protective barrier against all kinds of harmful environmental influences; in addition, skin diseases are so diverse that their diagnosis is sometimes a more difficult problem than the analysis of the state of internal organs.

Accuracy in making a dermatological diagnosis is largely determined by the "human factor": the attentiveness and experience of the doctor, his ability to logically analyze and synthesize. Diagnosis of any dermatological disease includes several stages.

The first stage of a dermatological examination is the collection of an anamnesis, which involves an external examination and a conversation with the patient, and sometimes with his relatives. It is necessary to find out the possible causes and presence of factors contributing to the occurrence of skin diseases, the presence of comorbid (comorbid or background) diseases, information about heredity, lifestyle, nutrition, psychological state, medications taken. Sometimes, with the same observed symptoms, the presence or absence of itching, the persistence of skin rashes, the frequency and area of \u200b\u200btheir appearance can be very important.

2. Examination of the patient

When answers to the main questions are received, a skin examination is performed, which begins with the affected area and necessarily covers the entire body. The most objective results are obtained by examining the skin in diffused daylight. Often a magnifying glass is used. In many diseases, lesions on the skin have a certain, “recognizable” shape, structure and color.

The first two stages of skin diagnosis, as a rule, allow the dermatologist to make a preliminary diagnosis or suggest several possible ones. In addition, the nature of the disease becomes clear - an acute or chronic condition, hereditary or acquired; it also turns out the stage of development of the disease and the degree of damage to the skin.

3. Laboratory research

Laboratory studies are especially important if skin manifestations are suspected to be due to other, non-dermatological diseases. If this is confirmed, symptomatic treatment is prescribed, and the main measures are focused on the treatment of the somatic disease. To identify the relationship between skin pathology and other diseases allows:

general blood analysis;
general urine analysis;
blood chemistry;
stool analysis;
immunogram.

If necessary, the dermatologist directs the patient for a consultation with other specialists who can prescribe a number of more specific studies.

4. Special diagnostic methods

Actually dermatological diagnostics includes a number of methods and techniques that complement the visual examination of the skin:

palpation (to assess the elasticity and structure of the skin);
skin-allergic tests (to determine allergens);
sowing the affected area (growing microorganisms from the surface of the skin in a special environment);
microscopy of scrapings (examination of parts of the skin under a microscope);
scraping (to detect peeling);
diascopy (assessment of the reaction of the skin when pressed with a glass slide);
histology (examination for the presence of cancer cells).

Most diagnostic techniques in dermatology are safe and painless. Early detection of the disease gives a better chance of recovery. Even if skin rashes do not bother you with pain or itching, but only attract attention as something new on the body, you should not postpone a visit to the doctor.

Diagnostics and treatment of skin diseases includes work in several key areas. So, there are clinical sections for certain types of pathologies: fungi - mycology, diseases of the scalp and hair - trichology. Dermatology is closely related to venereology, cosmetology, and allergology.

The skin not only hurts itself, but also signals damage to internal organs or systems. Often a dermatological disorder is a consequence of unhealthy habits, lifestyle. Features of the structure and functions of the skin are taken into account when determining and treating numerous dermatoses.

When diagnosing and treating skin diseases, the doctor needs to determine the cause of the symptoms. The impact of external factors is varied.

Internal factors in the development of skin diseases:

violations of the functions of internal organs,
chronic infections,
metabolic disorders,
hypovitaminosis,
damage to the nervous system.

Internal causes lead to changes in the skin and mucous membranes: pigmentation, hemorrhages.

Itching, burning, soreness, changes in skin color or texture, rash are reasons to see a specialist. Come to the appointment of a dermatologist in Maryino at the Euromed S clinic. An experienced doctor will examine you, collect an anamnesis and make a preliminary diagnosis already at the first appointment. If a fungal or infectious lesion is suspected, tests are indicated. Our clinic conducts laboratory diagnostics, so take the tests on the same day to start therapy faster. Instrumental, X-ray diagnostic methods, skin tests are also used.

The elimination of any dermatological pathologies requires patience and strict adherence to prescriptions from the patient. Of great importance are:

meticulous hygiene, especially for affected skin, with the use of antiseptics and other drugs,
dieting - there are a number of products that complicate the course of skin diseases, slow down treatment; a change in diet is necessary for allergic skin lesions,
use of medicines.

If there is no response to conservative treatment, the following ways are possible:

surgical intervention,
assistance of narrow profile specialists: neurologists, endocrinologists and others.

After a thorough diagnosis, treatment of skin diseases is carried out using several methods.

Many diseases, such as psoriasis, are chronic relapsing. In this case, the task of the doctor and the patient is to achieve a stable remission and maintain it.