The best nootropics of the latest generation with proven action. Nootropic drugs - what is it? Nootropics. Nootropic drugs. Overview of New Generation Nootropics

Nootropic drugs include a large group of psychotropic drugs that help a person get rid of numerous effects on his nervous system. The newest nootropics are devoid of many of the dangerous side effects that were characteristic of the first generation of medicines, and are considered quite safe.

Modern nootropic drugs (neurometabolic stimulants) or simply nootropics are a large group of drugs that have such an effect on the brain when its mental functions improve. As a result, the action of these drugs activates the thinking and memory ability (cognitive functions), increases the resistance of the brain to the influence of negative exogenous factors - lack of oxygen, polluted atmosphere, toxins, stress and emotional overload, traumatic impact. In other words, they have an important ability to reduce neurological deficits.

The basic principle of action of nootropics is based on their active participation in the metabolism and biological energy of neurons, and is also carried out by influencing the mediators of neuroprocesses in the brain. In particular, they increase the level of adenylate cyclase in nerve cells and accelerate the production of ATP, which significantly affects cellular energy. The effect on the production of RNA and some protein substances leads to an acceleration of plastic processes in the nervous system.

As a result of a series of metabolic transformations, serotonin is released, which is a catalyst for intracellular potassium and calcium ions. Adenosine triphosphoric acid helps maintain the rate of metabolic processes in oxygen deficiency, which reduces the risk of oxygen starvation. Finally, nootropics optimize glucose utilization.

The best nootropics can have the following effects:

1. Stabilization of membranes due to the normalization of phospholipid and protein synthesis, as well as streamlining the structure of membrane cells.
2. Antioxidant capacity as a result of slowing down the formation of free radicals and lipid oxidation.
3. The antihypoxic effect is due to a decrease in oxygen consumption.
4. Neuroprotection is characterized by an increase in the resistance of neurons to the action of aggressive exogenous factors.
5. Improving blood microcirculation by improving the penetration of red blood cells through the vascular walls and blocking the production of platelets.
6. Improving electrophysiological patterns, which provides easier signal transmission between the hemispheres, increasing the level of wakefulness and the power of the EEG of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. This ultimately leads to the optimization of integrative brain function.
7. Optimization of the control of cortico-subcortical processes, information exchange between brain regions, formation of a memory imprint. These effects provide an improvement in mindfulness, mental response, memory, perception of information, and contributes to an increase in intelligence and cognitive functions.

When are nootropics prescribed?

Neotropic drugs were developed to correct brain dysfunctions and were intended mainly for the elderly. The development of pharmacology in this direction has made it possible to significantly expand the capabilities of nootropics, which makes it possible to use them in various branches of medicine (neurology, psychiatry, pediatrics, surgery, gynecology, etc.).

1. Dementia of various types, incl. in Alzheimer's disease, vascular and senile pathologies.
2. Cerebrovascular pathologies of a chronic nature.
3. Syndrome of psychoorganic defeat.
4. Post-traumatic syndrome caused by circulatory disorders as a result of damage to the skull.
5. Severe intoxication.
6. Diseases caused by the penetration of neuroinfection.
7. Deviations of the intellectual-mnestic, asthenic, depressive nature.
8. neurotic disorders.
9. Dystonia of the vegetative-vascular system.
10. Chronic alcoholism and associated pathologies such as encephalopathy, abstinence.
11. Lagging mental development.

A child, like an adult, in some cases needs psychotropic therapy. Nootropic drugs for children are recalled in pediatrics with amino acid deficiency, leading to a deterioration in protein synthesis and, in general, to a violation of metabolic processes. The reasons for the appointment of such funds are the following circumstances - a significant lag in the mental and speech development of the child; a noticeable deviation in mental development; signs of congenital, perinatal disorders of the nervous system; cerebral paralysis; pronounced signs of attention deficit disorder.

Neotropics of the new generation cope well with some other diseases that are affected by processes occurring in the brain. According to the decision of a specialist, nootropics can be used in such conditions:

1. Elimination of manifestations of neuroleptic syndrome. Hopantenic acid, Pantogam and other drugs can be used.
2. Treatment of stuttering and hyperkinesis. The drug Phenibut is effective.
3. In case of violations in the urinary organs, Pantogam may be prescribed.
4. Glycine helps fight chronic insomnia.
5. For migraines, Pyritinol or Semax is recommended.
6. Such an unpleasant phenomenon as motion sickness and "seasickness" can be treated with Phenibut.
7. Complex therapy of ophthalmic problems often includes the use of Nicotinoil.

When Problems Might Occur

Nootropics also have contraindications in circumstances where their use can cause negative consequences. They can not be taken with individual intolerance to the main active substance or any additional ingredient of the drug; severe course of renal failure, both in acute and chronic form; at the acute stage of hemorrhagic stroke; congenital chorea of ​​Hettington associated with a degenerative lesion of the central nervous system. Only in exceptional cases is it possible to prescribe drugs to pregnant women and nursing mothers. With extreme caution, nootropics are given to young children and only after reaching 1 year.

New nootropics are fairly well tolerated by patients. However, individual reactions are possible in the form of such side effects - the appearance of an incomprehensible anxious feeling; temporary insomnia at night and craving for sleep during the day; irritability; jumps in blood pressure; dyspeptic disorders; allergic reactions of various kinds. In elderly people, when taking nootropics, in rare cases, cardiological problems are recorded, in particular, heart failure.

What are the drugs

The list of nootropics includes many drugs divided into groups that differ in chemical composition, direction, and mechanism of action. The following main categories are distinguished.

Stimulators of metabolic processes in neurons:

1. Based on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The main representatives are Phenibut, Picamilon and Aminalon. Hopantenic acid is considered an analogue.
2. Compounds based on pyrrolidone (racetam). The most common drugs are Piracetam and Phenylpiracetam. Derivatives such as Aniracetam, Oxiracetam and Pramiracetam may be prescribed.
3. Pantothenic acid derivatives - Pantogam.
4. When using the active substance dimethylaminoethanol, Acefen and Centrophenoxine are produced. Popular drugs such as Phenotropil and Meclofenoxate have gained popularity.
5. Preparations containing amino acids and peptides. The most famous are Glycine, Actovegin, Biotredin and Cerebrolysin. Popular neuropeptides - Noopept, Semax, Selank. Polypeptides include Cortexin, Cerebramin.

Drugs to reduce the effects of hypoxia. The best remedy is hydroxymethylethylpyridine succinate.

Nootropics with the effect of vitamin-like substances or adaptogens. These include funds based on folic and succinic acids, vitamins E and B15, ginseng root. Idebenone stands out in this category.

Preparations for the normalization of the state of blood vessels (vasotropes). They help to get rid of cerebral problems. Stand out - Instenon, Cinnarizine. Vinpocetine may be prescribed.

Memory improvement is achieved using nootropics of the following subgroups:

• cholinomimetic and anticholesterase drugs - Amiridin and Choline;
• hormonal type drugs - Corticotropin, ACTH, as well as a number of drugs related to endorphins and enkephalins.

A significant difference in the effectiveness of nootropics is found when considering such a feature as the time of their development. Older designs or first-generation drugs continue to be used, but they have an increased risk of side effects. These funds are mainly derivatives of Piracetam - most of the racetams.

The most popular drugs

Currently, depending on the type of psychogenic deviation, first and second generation nootropics are used, as well as tools from the latest developments. You can make an indicative list of the most popular nootropic drugs:

1. Piracetam or similar products (Lucetam, Nootropil). The form of introduction into the body - tablets for oral administration, intramuscular injections and intravenous droppers. The most characteristic effects are the normalization of metabolic processes and blood circulation. Given that Piracetam belongs to the first generation of drugs, side effects such as an increase in platelet levels, leading to a deterioration in blood clotting, can be expected.
2. Pramiracetam is available in tablet form. Although it belongs to the old developments, it has high cognitive properties, which helps to improve memory. Possesses sedative abilities. Can be used for a long course of therapy. The drug should not be taken in renal failure.
3. Cavinton. Analogues are Neurovin and Vinpocetine. In addition to neuralgia, this drug is recommended for certain ophthalmic pathologies and hearing problems. The course of admission is quite long - 2-7 months. During the acute phase of the disease, it is administered by injection, and as the disease weakens, the transition to tablets is made.
4. Phenibut. You can use its analogues - Bifren and Noobut. Release form - tablets, powder for injection solutions, capsules. This nootropic is effective for increasing mental response and physical performance, relieving stress, getting rid of anxious feelings and phobias, and improving sleep quality. It is prescribed for hypoxia. Useful when traveling on water, because. eliminates the effect of pitching. The course of treatment lasts 30-40 days. The drug should not be taken simultaneously with sedative drugs and sleeping pills.
5. Hopantenic acid (often sold under the name Pantogam). It is recommended to reduce the excitability of a motor character. A positive effect is detected within 25-30 days after the start of administration, but the full course can be 5-6 months.
6. Glycine. Best known as an anti-stress drug. Helps to relieve excessive excitability and irritability. It has a pronounced sedative effect, and also contributes to the normalization of metabolism in the body.
7. Cerebrolysin. It is used for serious lesions of the central nervous system, incl. useful in Alzheimer's disease. It is most often administered by injection, and is most widely used in the treatment of post-traumatic syndrome and the consequences of a stroke.
8. Encephabol. It can be prescribed for both adults and children, in the latter case, a suspension with additives that improve palatability is used. The drug belongs to strong neuroprotectors and antioxidants with high cognitive abilities.

Drugs of the latest generations

Pharmacology around the world is taking active measures to improve nootropics, resulting in more effective and safe drugs. The following nootropics have gained popularity:

1. Phezam - is used to normalize the blood supply to the brain, improve protein metabolism and energy. It has vasodilating properties.
2. Phenylpiracetam - necessary in the period after stroke rehabilitation. Often used to improve memory, concentration, to eliminate convulsive phenomena.
3. Noopept is especially effective for normalizing cognitive brain functions, eliminating anxiety and phobias, and chronic headaches of a neurogenic nature.
4. Selank - helps to relieve stress surges, eliminate the needy state. It increases the mental reaction, fights apathy and a gloomy mood.

In child psychiatry and pediatrics, nootropics also find their rightful place. For babies, these drugs are available in the form of granules for making syrup or in the form of ready-made syrup. The most characteristic appointment for cerebral, encephalopathic disorders, as well as a significant lag in intellectual development and lack of memory. For children, stimulant drugs such as Picamilon and Cogitum can be recommended, as well as drugs with a sedative effect - Cortexin and Phenibut.

Modern life is full of daily stresses. Problems at work, quarrels in the family or depression - all this not only spoils the mood, but also causes irreparable damage to the brain.

An excess of stressful situations negatively affects memory, slows down thought processes and affects the central nervous system. To avoid these consequences, scientists have invented nootropic drugs. In this article, we will review the list of new generation nootropics and their mechanism of action.

What are nootropics?

Nootropics are psychotropic drugs. They have a positive effect on the functioning of the brain, increasing its resistance to stress. Nootropics strengthen memory, enhance intellectual abilities and stimulate the desire to learn new information.

The prototypes of modern medicines were invented more than half a century ago. At that time, nootropics had one positive property - improved memory. With the development of medicine, it was possible to obtain new generation nootropics that have a complex effect on brain function.

Nootropics are included in the pharmacological group of psychostimulants, but have a number of important advantages over classic psychostimulants:

• do not have a negative impact on a person;
• do not correct brain activity;
• do not slow down the physical reaction;
• do not have a hypnotic effect;
• do not cause dependence.

The main action of nootropics is the normalization of the central nervous system. Also, drugs protect the brain from mental illness, prevent the formation of blood clots and hypoxia. Medicines of nootropic action are prescribed to patients with ischemia, poisoning or brain injury.

Nootropics are divided into 2 types:

• Single-tasking. Drugs showing one positive effect - improving memory;
• Multitasking. Means that have antihypoxic, sedative and muscle relaxant effects.

Leading experts in pharmacology are still developing in the field of nootropics. Every year they become more effective, and the list of possible side effects is constantly decreasing. The list of nootropic drugs is regularly updated, which indicates their high efficiency and importance in medicine.

How do brain nootropics work?

A group of nootropics actively affects the functionality of the brain. The substance stimulates its work, enhances memory functions and normalizes mental activity. Nootropics act as a link to improve the interaction of the two hemispheres. Experts say that regular use of nootropics slows down the aging process.

Neurometabolic cerebroprotectors have their roots in biogenetics. These drugs stimulate increased glucose excretion and ATP formation, strengthen the interaction of proteins and ribonucleic acid (two of the three key macromolecules in the body).

There are 4 main mechanisms of action of nootropic substances:

1. Membrane stabilizers. Regenerate cell membranes, their structure and properties;
2. Antioxidants. Neutralize oxidative processes in the human body;
3. Antihypoxants. Normalize the excretion of oxygen from the body, thereby increasing resistance to hypoxia;
4. Neuroprotectors. Protect brain neurons from damage.

The impact of nootropics is enhanced in conjunction with psychostimulants. Similar combinations are prescribed for people suffering from severe disorders.

Nootropics - list of drugs

We present to your attention the best nootropics of the latest generation, which are widely used in various fields of modern medicine.

Piracetam (Nootropil). The drug is available in tablets or injection ampoules. Piracetam improves metabolism in the central nervous system and has a positive effect on blood circulation in the brain. The tool is used for speech disorders, memory impairment, frequent dizziness and viral diseases of neurons.

Pramiracetam. The drug is available in tablet form. The mechanism of action is similar to vitamin B4. Strengthens the main functions of the brain: memory, speech, perception, concentration. Pramiracetam is not characterized as a sedative. A more effective result is achieved with course therapy (1-2 months).

Important! People suffering from kidney failure should consult a doctor before starting the course.

Vinpocetine (Neurovin). Available in the form of tablets or injection solutions. Helps improve cerebral circulation. The drug is especially popular in neurology and ophthalmology in the elimination of pathological diseases of the retina. It is also used for hearing loss.

It is recommended to use the remedy for 1 to 2 months, depending on the disease and the dynamics of its course. Cancellation of the drug should be done gradually, reducing the dosage during the week. As the condition improves, the injections are replaced with a tablet form.

Phenibut (Noobut). The product is produced in powder, capsule and tablet forms. The substance fights the lack of oxygen in nerve cells and the deterioration of memory. It has a positive effect on both the mental and physical condition of a person. Eliminates anxiety, relieves depression and normalizes sleep patterns.

Important! It is necessary to combine Phenibut with sleeping pills with increased care, since the drug enhances the effect of the latter.

Nootropic is prescribed for disorders of the nervous system and the decline of intellectual abilities. A course therapy lasting from 1 to 2 months is recommended.

Pantogam. A common nootropic drug used in pediatric medicine. Produced in the form of tablets. Suppresses excessive excitability and hyperactivity in children. The effect of the application appears within 2-3 weeks after the start of the course. Duration of treatment - up to 6 months, depending on the patient's condition.

Glycine. The drug is in the form of tablets, which has a pronounced sedative effect. Helps the body cope with stress by suppressing anxiety and irritation.

Phezam. A nootropic that normalizes blood circulation in the brain. It has a positive effect on the work of the central nervous system, promotes vasodilation. Slightly affects the auditory and visual organs. The tool effectively fights against dizziness, memory loss, the consequences of a stroke or encephalitis.

The composition of the drug includes a bunch of two other nootropics (Piracetam and Cinnarizine). This bundle enhances the antihypoxic effect and accelerates metabolism in nerve cells.

Conclusion

We answered the main question: "Nootropic agent: what is it and how does it work?". The use of nootropics is absolutely safe if you consult a doctor in advance. A wide range of medicines will allow you to point to the problem, which will significantly speed up the treatment process.

You can improve memory and increase intelligence with the help of nootropic drugs that affect brain function and increase its performance.

They are used in various fields of medicine, which include pediatrics, neurology, narcology, psychiatry, obstetrics. Today, the pharmaceutical market offers a large list of drugs, and which ones are better to take - the attending doctor will tell you.

Indications for use

The therapeutic effect of nootropics is based on the following mechanisms:

• increasing the rate of glucose utilization;
• strengthening of proteins and synthesis of ribonucleic acid;
• increased synthesis of adenosine triphosphoric acid.

Thus, medicines directly affect the metabolic processes of the central nervous system and bioenergetics, interacting with the parts of the brain.

Nootropics have the following effects on the human body:

• psychostimulant;
• antiasthenic;
• adaptogenic;
• antiepileptic;
• antidepressant;
• immunostimulating;
• sedative;
• energy.

Typically, these drugs are prescribed for the following ailments:

• drug addiction;
• epilepsy;
• ischemic stroke;
• cerebral palsy;
• neuroinfection;
• chronic;
• cerebrovascular insufficiency of chronic form;
• migraine;

Nootropics are used as part of the complex therapy of ophthalmic pathologies.

These drugs are also suitable for children with various disorders:

• cerebral palsy;
• CNS damage.

According to statistics, nootropics are prescribed to every third child.

List of latest generation drugs with prices

Important criteria for choosing a drug are efficacy, price, quality and safety. Below is a list of drugs by effectiveness:

1. (hopantenic acid). It is widely used for children with encephalitis, enuresis, residual brain damage. The main active ingredient is vitamin B15. The drug does not have a harmful effect on the human body. The effect occurs within a month of regular use. The course of treatment is up to six months. The drug costs about 240 rubles.
2. . Increases the body's resistance to stress and does not cause dependence.
   Phenotropil does not contain psychotropic substances and has an antiamnestic effect. Price - approx. 450 rubles.
3. . It is often prescribed for the treatment of encephalopathy, cerebrosthenia, dizziness, and for the development of memory.
   The full effect can be felt after 1-2 months. 60 tablets cost 61 ruble.
4. Vinpocetine. This is an inexpensive tool that is good for the brain and improves microcirculation in its vessels.
   Vinpocetine lowers blood pressure and has an antioxidant effect. 30 tablets of 10 mg will cost about 75 rubles.
5. . It is prescribed for patients with dysfunction of the vestibular apparatus, asthenia, neuroses.
   It has antiplatelet and psychostimulating effects. It is often prescribed to children with stuttering, sleep disturbance, to prevent motion sickness. For 50 tablets you will have to pay about 250 rubles.
6. . Designed for the treatment of vascular and metabolic pathologies.
   Available in the form of tablets and solution for injection. Worth about 1500 rubles.
7. Cerebrolysin . A nootropic agent is used to eliminate neurological and mental diseases, including Alzheimer's disease.
   Sold as a solution for injection. Price starts from 1000 rubles.
8. Biotredin. Acts as a regulator of tissue metabolism, increases brain performance, reduces emotional stress.
   Price starts from 88 rubles.
9. Aminalon. Suitable for students and people whose activities involve memorizing large amounts of information.
   The drug strengthens memory, improves sleep and begins to act almost immediately. Price - 165 rubles for 100 tablets.
10. . It is a nootropic that expands the vessels of the brain, is an analogue of Piracetam.
    It has a tranquilizing effect, not recommended for children under 3 years of age. For 30 tablets you will have to pay approximately 75 rubles.

With a real pathology, nootropics with proven effectiveness can solve the problem and improve the patient's well-being, however, in case of an incorrect diagnosis, they will bring absolutely nothing but side effects.

Urban people do not have time to take care of their health. The fast pace of life makes you work hard and relax with a rare opportunity. Vitamins, which are considered a panacea, in fact, do not help to adapt to the high requirements of the metropolis.

A person often needs help in resisting stress factors, speeding up brain activity and maintaining psycho-emotional balance. Preparations from the group of nootropics, in this case, become indispensable and help to avoid negative consequences due to nervous tension.

What are nootropics

Nootropics are a group of drugs that have a positive effect on brain activity and cognitive functions. Due to the ability to improve metabolic processes in the nervous tissue, these drugs enhance higher integrative activity, as well as increase mental abilities.

In the human body, special substances are physiologically produced, which are called neurotransmitters. Their role is to ensure the flow of chemical reactions that are necessary for the proper functioning of organs. Such connections exist in the brain. They are involved in the transmission of nerve impulses, and with their deficiency, various disorders occur. Medicines from the group of nootropics are similar in chemical structure to some neurotransmitters, therefore they are able to perform the same functions, eliminating their deficiency in pathological conditions.

The nervous system and the brain work in an increased rhythm if a person is in a state of stress, worries, or under conditions of increased psychological stress. In this case, there is a higher need for certain chemicals and the activation of additional body capabilities. Nootropic drugs can help to cope with adverse factors and enhance the protective properties of cells.

The mechanism of action is to increase the utilization of glucose, which leads to increased energy production and the full functioning of cells. Nootropics affect the biosynthesis of proteins and nucleic acids, which improves the structure of tissues, and also accelerates the regeneration process.

An important pharmacological effect is antioxidant - by eliminating free radicals, drugs of this group stabilize cell membranes and increase resistance to adverse factors. Complete nutrition of the nervous tissue leads to the restoration of the structure and functions of cells. After the use of nootropics, hypoxia conditions are better tolerated, blood circulation and metabolic processes are normalized.

The advantage of this group of drugs is the absence of toxicity and dangerous side effects. Nootropics are used in conditions of existing stress, as well as to prepare for it (for example, during exams or reports), as a protective agent for brain cells.

However, despite the results of treatment and wide experience of use, some doctors believe that nootropics are drugs with unproven effectiveness. Studies of this group of drugs are ongoing, since the possibilities of their use and the need for such drugs are quite large.

Indications for use

The list of conditions for which nootropics are effective is as follows:

• Decreased mental or physical performance.
• Neuroinfection.
• Impairment of memory or attention.
• Ischemic stroke.
• Exposure to toxic substances.
• Senile dementia.
• Violation of cerebral circulation.
• post-traumatic period.
• encephalopathy.
• Withdrawal syndrome, including alcohol.

Encouraging results of treatment for brain tissue damage of various origins are explained by a wide range of pharmacological effects of this group of drugs:

• Improving the metabolic processes of the cortical layer, a positive effect on human judgment, speech, thinking.
• Getting rid of depression or fatigue.
• Antiasthenic action is manifested by the elimination of lethargy, physical and psychological weakness.
• The adaptogenic effect is to enhance the protective properties and increase resistance to adverse factors.
• Increase learning ability, improve memory.
• Decreased irritability and emotional excitability.

The instructions for use of most nootropic drugs allow their over-the-counter dispensing from pharmacies. During a stressful period or mental exhaustion, everyone can take them on their own according to the scheme indicated by the manufacturer.

Contraindications

For a healthy person, nootropics are safe. But people with diseases need to be careful, since the group of drugs in question has contraindications:

• hemorrhagic stroke.
• Individual intolerance to the drug component.
• Hereditary degenerative diseases of the CNS.
• Renal failure.
• Pregnancy period.
• Arterial hypotension.

Before starting treatment, you should study the instructions for the specific remedy that the doctor prescribed to the patient.

Which drug to buy

Given that most of the drugs in the group of psychostimulants and nootropics are sold without a prescription, it becomes necessary to understand the differences and selection criteria:

• If the drug is chosen without the help of a doctor, the patient should first read the contents of the instructions. The decision is made on the basis of the active substance, indications, regimen of administration or indicated restrictions.
• After that, the patient must decide which form of release of the drug is suitable in a particular situation. For example, it is more convenient for children to give the product in liquid form, so many manufacturers offer syrups or nootropic powders. Adult patients are suitable capsules or tablets.
• Based on one active substance, a pharmacy may offer several trade names. To make a final decision, you need to pay attention to the price, the reception scheme and the manufacturing company.

Despite non-prescription leave, self-medication is still not recommended. Before you start taking any medication, it is better to consult a doctor or consult a pharmacist.

Nootropics: a list of drugs

Below is a list of drugs from the group of nootropics that have earned positive feedback from patients and the trust of doctors.

The main active ingredient is a synthetic analogue of the natural neurotransmitter - gamma-aminobutyric acid. The drug affects the processes of inhibition in the brain, and also regulates the metabolism of the central nervous system. Acts as an antioxidant and detoxifier.

Glycine is able to improve mood, increase mental activity, reduce negative vegetovascular manifestations, protect cells from the toxic effect of alcohol or the adverse effects of stress.

The drug has a high safety profile, rarely causes adverse reactions and is approved for use in children from the age of three. It is a cheap plus effective remedy that every patient can buy at a pharmacy without a prescription.

Piracetam

The main component is a derivative of gamma-aminobutyric acid, which is produced by the human body. This nootropic improves the cognitive functions of the brain. For the patient, this is manifested by an increase in concentration, better memorization and a high ability to learn.

Positive effects are achieved due to a decrease in pathological excitation in the brain, an increase in the metabolism of nerve cells, and the normalization of microcirculation. The drug is produced in the form of capsules and tablets, it is used only for the treatment of adults.

Available in several dosages. The main active ingredient is piracetam. Pharmacological action is similar to the two previously described medicines. Not applicable to children. The choice of patients is often stopped in favor of this drug because of the Belgian quality.

A remedy with nootropic properties, however, belongs to a group of drugs intended for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Contains two active ingredients - vitamin pyridoxine and threonine. The second of them regulates the processes of tissue metabolism (cells are quickly restored, and the patient's craving for alcohol decreases).

The first active substance (vitamin) also performs important functions: it stimulates redox reactions, respiration and energy metabolism of cells. The drug is prescribed for the treatment of alcoholism, as well as for the relief of withdrawal symptoms. In the second case, it is better to take the pill under the tongue, then the positive effect will come in 20 minutes.

Produced in the form of capsules. It is a combined remedy based on cinnarizine with piracetam. Individually, they exhibit nootropic properties and improve brain microcirculation, and when combined, they enhance each other's action.

The therapeutic effect begins within an hour after the start of administration, however, to achieve a stable result, doctors prescribe the drug in a course. In addition to affecting nerve cells, Combitropil has a positive effect on the rheological properties of blood. It protects red blood cells from destruction, reduces viscosity and improves blood flow.

Nootropic based on a synthetic derivative of gamma-aminobutyric acid. The composition differs from other drugs in this group, while exhibiting similar pharmacological effects. In addition to psycho-emotional disorders, it is also prescribed in the complex therapy of migraine, autism, alcoholism, and even urological diseases. Effective in depression and other conditions that are accompanied by anxiety. Approved for use from the age of three. In most cases, it is well tolerated and does not cause side effects.

A unique nootropic that comes in the form of nasal drops. Contains a mixture of amino acids needed to treat brain damage. It is prescribed in the post-traumatic period, during neurosurgical operations, neurotic disorders. It has a good positive effect when used under conditions of stress or psycho-emotional overload. In addition to increasing the adaptive properties of the nervous system, the drug has found application in ophthalmology (neuritis) and pediatrics (autism). The method of operation of the drops is described in detail by the instruction.

The medicine has a positive effect on the nervous system. Indications for use are very wide - from traumatic brain injuries to functional disorders and withdrawal symptoms. Due to the parenteral form of release, it is often prescribed for acute conditions (intoxication, inflammatory processes, cerebrovascular accidents).

Nootropics of the latest generation

Application to children

Recently, pediatric neurologists have begun to prescribe nootropics more often. Doctors from various fields of medicine, especially pediatricians, do not always agree with such decisions and doubt the validity of such prescriptions.

There are direct indications that nootropics of any generation should be used in childhood. In practice, it often happens that drugs are prescribed for other reasons. For example, a hyperactive baby, a delay in speech or the first steps do not always indicate a developmental disorder. Due to the high safety profile of nootropics, some doctors still prefer to prescribe these drugs, which does not comply with the instructions and official treatment protocols.

When drugs are really needed, the choice of the active substance and the specific dosage is made by the doctor. Drugs that are allowed to be used in children have an additional form of release, for example, syrup or powder. Diagnoses in which nootropics are indicated for childhood:

• encephalopathy.
• Cerebrosthenia.
• Consequences of neuroinfection.
• Mental retardation.
• Speech delay.

Drugs that are approved for use in pediatrics:

• Glycine. Contains a substance that is synthesized by the body naturally, so the drug is very popular. It rarely causes adverse reactions. Despite the data in the instructions, it is prescribed by some doctors even to small children with a daily dose adjustment.
• Pantogam. Known in the pharmaceutical market as a children's nootropic. Available as a syrup for toddlers and tablets for older patients. Effectively eliminates the symptoms caused by vegetative disorders.
• Cogitum. Available in ampoules. It is safe and non-toxic.
• Picamilon. It has been used since the age of three for asthenic conditions, mental retardation.

The list of drugs is constantly expanding, and pharmaceutical companies are successfully working on the creation of new drugs that are of high quality, efficacy and safety.

Doctor's conclusion

Nootropics have a wide range of applications. Pharmacological properties of representatives of this group are indispensable for traumatic brain injuries, functional disorders caused by cerebrovascular pathologies. In addition, drugs are prescribed for children with developmental delays, adults during periods of strong psycho-emotional stress and the elderly to improve the functioning of the nervous system.

Nootropics show good compatibility with drugs from other groups and rarely cause side effects. Adults can safely take them along with multivitamin complexes 1 or 2 times a year to maintain the health of the body.

Nootropics are drugs designed to speed up the metabolism in the cells of the nervous system and increase mental performance. First of all, they are intended for people suffering from neurological diseases (stroke, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and others). In such cases, drugs prevent the destruction of diseased cells and stimulate them to work at the level of healthy ones.
A side effect of nootropics is the stimulation of mental activity. People taking nootropics perceive and remember information better, think more efficiently and are less prone to stress and mental stress. Due to this property, medicines are popular not only among patients, but also among people who wish to improve their ability to think.

Pramiracetam is a powerful member of the racetam class of drugs. It has a beneficial effect on human cognitive functions:

• improves short-term and long-term memory;
• accelerates thought processes and internal dialogue inside the human head;
• increases the level of motivation, and also helps to bring thoughts and goals to the end;

• nausea and abdominal pain;
• pain in the head.

9. Sulbutiamin

Sulbutiamine - vitamin B1, soluble in fat, has a wide range of positive characteristics:

• the drug accelerates oxygen in the body;
• copes well with depression;
• improves coordination and fine motor skills of movements;
• enhances alertness and concentration.

Hydrafinil is a substance of the Eugoric class, which has a strong invigorating effect.

The main purpose of the drug is to increase energy and overall vigor. It also has a number of other effects:

• enhances attention and learning;
• increases the intensity of mental activity;
• speeds up reflexes.

• skin rashes;
• pain in the head;
• sleep problems.

7.5-htp

The full name is 5-hydroxytryptophan. The drug, due to its ability to naturally increase the content of serotonin in the body, is the most effective and safe alternative to classic antidepressants. 5-hydroxytryptophan, unlike antidepressants, acts specifically on the level of serotonin, and not on melatonin and neurotrophic factors.
The medicine also has a beneficial effect on human sleep and fights insomnia. It is suitable for people who want to overcome stress and anxiety - depression without the use of potent antidepressants.

There are only 2 side effects of the drug - excessive drowsiness and nausea that occur when the conditions for taking the drug are violated.

6.DMAE

DMAE (stands for dimethylethanolamine) is a drug consisting of organic compounds present in fish. Characteristics of the drug:

• increases life expectancy;
• improves the performance of the liver;
• positively affects the psycho-emotional mood;
• used in the prevention of intellectual - mnestic disorders.

The course of taking the drug is recommended for people who want to increase their overall level of health, psycho-emotional state, mindfulness and memory. Also, the drug is suitable for people who practice lucid dreams.
If the dosage is too high, the following consequences may occur:

• confusion of thought;
• hyperactivity and difficulty falling asleep.

5. Aniracetam

Aniracetam stands out among other representatives of the racetam class with its features, including:

• stimulation of the overall performance of the body;
• a beneficial effect on the emotions and creative thinking of a person;
• effective fight against stress and depression.

After completing the course, a person has a long-term improvement in social adaptability. A person thinks more clearly, can remember more information. Aniracetam is an excellent choice for creative, socially active people who work with a lot of information and are prone to mood swings. There are only two negative effects - abdominal pain and skin rashes.

Fasoracetam is a drug originally developed to treat Alzheimer's disease. Later, it was also used as an effective prevention of dementia, an antidepressant and a tranquilizer.

Nootropic properties include:

• significant effect on receptors responsible for long-term memory;
• increasing mindfulness and learning;
• maintaining clarity of mind and orderliness of thoughts.

Fasoracetam works for a long time and does not lose its effectiveness. The list of side effects contains:

• the possibility of an allergy;
• pain in the head;
• nausea and vomiting in overdose.