Famous works of Mayakovsky. All works by Mayakovsky

Born on July 7 (19 n.s.) July 1893 in the village of Baghdadi, Kutaisi province (Georgia) in the family of a forester. In 1902 he entered the Kutaisi gymnasium. In 1906, after the death of his father, Mayakovsky moved to Moscow with his mother and sisters. He studied at the fifth gymnasium, at the Stroganov School, but did not finish anything. In 1908, he joined the RSDLP (Bolshevik) party, engaged in propaganda, worked in an illegal printing house, and went through two arrests. In 1910 he took up painting. He studied with Zhukovsky, then with Kelin, a year later he entered the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture.

Mayakovsky's first published poems appeared in the futuristic collection A Slap in the Face of Public Taste (1912). During 1912-1913. about 30 poems were published. These were mostly experimental poems, reflecting the search for their own poetic style. In 1913 he finished the tragedy "Vladimir Mayakovsky", which was staged in December of the same year at the Luna Park Theater in St. Petersburg and where he himself played the main role. There was a distinct departure from futuristic poetry.

By 1914, Mayakovsky (as he himself thought) reached the artistic and ideological maturity of the poet. He works hard, writes poetry, feuilletons, public articles about the new tasks of art. The main works of pre-October creativity were the lyrical poem "A Cloud in Pants" (1915) and the poem "War and Peace" (1915-1916).

October 1917. "To accept or not to accept? There was no such question for me. My revolution." Mayakovsky later wrote in his autobiography. The affirmation of a new life, its social and moral order, becomes the main pathos of his work, the affirmation of socialist realism in literature is connected with his poetry.

In February 1930, the poet joined the RAPP (Russian Association of Proletarian Writers). This act of Mayakovsky was condemned by his friends. Alienation and public harassment were exacerbated by personal drama (“the love boat crashed against everyday life”). Mayakovsky was stubbornly denied permission to travel abroad, where he was to meet with a woman (poem "Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva", 1928), with whom he intended to connect his life. All this led Mayakovsky to suicide on April 14, 1930, predicted in the tragedy "Vladimir Mayakovsky".

According to the All-Union Book Chamber, as of January 1, 1973, the total circulation of V. Mayakovsky's books was 74 million 525 thousand; his works were translated into 56 languages ​​of the peoples of the USSR and into 42 foreign languages.

Favorites:

"We have words to the most important

get into the habit, decay like a dress.

"I meet the early dawn with a dream:

"Oh, just one more meeting

concerning the eradication of all meetings!"

"The theater is not a reflective mirror, but a magnifying glass."

1906 - after the death of his father, the family moves to Moscow. Here Mayakovsky studies at the fifth gymnasium, at the Stroganov School, but does not finish anything.

1908 - joins the party of the RSDLP (b), engages in propaganda, works in an illegal printing house, is arrested three times, in 1909 he was imprisoned in solitary confinement in the Butyrka prison. A notebook of poems written in prison, selected by the guards and not yet found, Mayakovsky considered the beginning of literary work.

1910 - After being released from prison, he interrupts party work to "make socialist art".

1911 - Mayakovsky enters the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, where he meets D. D. Burliuk, the organizer of the futuristic group "Gilea", who discovers a "genius poet" in him. Three years later, in February 1914, Mayakovsky, along with Burliuk, was expelled from the school for public speaking.

1912 - Mayakovsky debuts as a poet in the anthology "Slap in the Face of Public Taste", where his poems "Night" and "Morning" were published. It also published the manifesto of Russian cubo-futurists, signed by D. Burlyuk, A. Kruchenykh, V. Mayakovsky and V. Khlebnikov. The manifesto proclaims a nihilistic attitude towards Russian literature of the present and the past: "Throw Pushkin, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, etc., etc. off the steamboat of modernity. Kuzmin, Bunin, etc., etc., all they need is a dacha on the river. Such a reward is given by fate to tailors. However, contrary to the declarations, Mayakovsky highly appreciates Gogol, Dostoevsky, Blok and other writers who had a profound influence on his work.

1913 - the first collection of Mayakovsky "I" (a cycle of four poems) is published, the programmatic tragedy "Vladimir Mayakovsky" was written and staged, a large tour of the cities of Russia was made together with other futurists. The collection "I" was written by hand, provided with drawings by V.N. Chekrygin and L. Shekhtel and lithographically reproduced in the amount of 300 copies. As the first section, this collection was included in the poet's book of poems "Simple as a lowing" (1916).

In the same years, the poems "A Cloud in Pants" (1915), "War and Peace" (1915-1916), "Flute-Spine" (1916), "Man" (1916-17, published in 1918) and others were created.

October 1917 - "To accept or not to accept? There was no such question for me. My revolution," Mayakovsky later wrote in his autobiography about the October Revolution of 1917.

At the end of the 10s. Mayakovsky connects his creative ideas with "leftist art", speaks in the Futurist Newspaper, in the newspaper Art of the Commune.

1919 - Mayakovsky moves to Moscow, begins to actively cooperate in ROSTA (Russian Telegraph Agency), draws up (as a poet and as an artist) propaganda and satirical posters for ROSTA ("ROSTA Windows").

1919 - the first collected works of the poet - "All composed by Vladimir Mayakovsky. 1909-1919" - are published.

1922-1924 - Mayakovsky makes several trips abroad - Latvia, France, Germany; writes essays and poems about European impressions: "How does a democratic republic work?" (1922); "Paris (Conversations with the Eiffel Tower)" (1923) and a number of others. The poet will also be in Paris in 1925, 1927, 1928, 1929. (lyrical cycle "Paris").

1925 - Mayakovsky's trip to America ("My Discovery of America") will take place.

1925-1928 - he travels a lot around the Soviet Union, performing in a variety of audiences. During these years, the poet publishes many of those of his works: "To Comrade Netta, a steamboat and a man" (1926); "Across the cities of the Union" (1927); "The story of the foundryman Ivan Kozyrev ..." (1928), etc.

In the 1920s, Mayakovsky headed the literary group LEF (1922-28) (Left Front of the Arts) and later - REF (Revolutionary Front of the Arts); edits the magazine "LEF" (1923-25) and "New LEF" (1927-28).

During these years, the following works appeared: "To Comrade Netta, a steamboat and a man" (1926), "Sergey Yesenin" (1926), "Poems about a Soviet passport" (1929), "A Conversation with Comrade Lenin", 1929), plays "Bug "(1928, staged in 1929) and" Bathhouse "(1929, staged in 1930), the poem" In a loud voice "(1930), etc.

1930 - the poet joins the RAPP (Russian Association of Proletarian Writers). This act of Mayakovsky is condemned by his friends. Alienation and public harassment are exacerbated by personal drama (“the love boat crashed into everyday life”). Mayakovsky is denied permission to travel abroad, where he is to meet a woman (poem "Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva", 1928), with whom he intends to connect his life.

Main works:

"Cloud in Pants" (1915)

"Flute-Spine" (1915)

"War and Peace" (1917)

"Man" (1917)

"150000000" (1921)

"The Fifth International" (1922)

"Love" (1922)

"About It" (1923)

"Vladimir Ilyich Lenin" (1924)

"Could you?" (1913)

"Nate" (1913)

“Listen!”, “War is declared”, “Mother and the evening killed by the Germans” (all - 1914)

“Me and Napoleon”, “Naval love”, “To you!” (all - 1915)

"Revolution. (Poetic Chronicle)", "Our March" (both - 1917)

Poems

1912

1. "Night"
2. "Morning"
3. "Port"

1913

1. "Street to Street"
2. "Could you?"
3. "Signboards"
4. "I" On the pavement A few words about my wife A few words about my mother A few words about myself
5. "From fatigue"
6. "Hell of the city"
7. "Nate!"
8. "They don't understand anything"

1914

1. "Veil Jacket"
2. "Listen"
3. "But still"
4. "War has been declared." July 20
5. "Mom and the Evening Killed by the Germans"
6. "Violin and a little nervous"

1915

1. "Me and Napoleon"
2. "To you"
3. "Hymn to the Judge"
4. "Hymn to the scientist"
5. "Navy Love"
6. "Hymn to Health"
7. "Hymn to Criticism"
8. "Dinner Hymn"
9. "That's how I became a dog"
10. "Magnificent Ridiculousness"
11. "Hymn to Bribe"
12. "Attentive attitude towards bribe-takers"
13. "Monstrous Funeral"

1916

1. "Hey!"
2. "Giveaway"
3. "Tired"
4. "Needles"
5. "The last Petersburg fairy tale"
6. "Russia"
7. "To all"
8. "The author dedicates these lines to himself, beloved"

1917

1. "Brothers Writers"
2. "Revolution". April 19
3. "The Tale of Little Red Riding Hood"
4. "To the answer"
5. "Our March"

1918

1. "Good attitude towards horses"
2. "Ode to the Revolution"
3. "Order on the army of art"
4. "Poet worker"
5. "That side"
6. "Left March"

1919

1. "Stunning Facts"
2. "We are going"
3. "Soviet alphabet"
4. "Worker! Throw out non-party stupidity ... ". October
5. Song of the Ryazan peasant. October

1920

1. "The weapon of the Entente is money ...". July
2. "If you live in disarray, as the Makhnovists want ...". July
3. "A story about bagels and a woman who does not recognize the republic." August
4. "Red hedgehog"
5. "Attitude towards the young lady"
6. "Vladimir Ilyich"
7. "An extraordinary adventure that happened with Vladimir Mayakovsky in the summer at the dacha"
8. “The story of how the godfather of Wrangel was interpreted without any mind”
9. "Gay"
10. “The cigarette case went into the grass by a third ...”
11. "The Last Page of the Civil War"
12. "Oh rubbish"

1921

1. "Two not quite ordinary cases"
2. "A poem about Myasnitskaya, about a woman and about the all-Russian scale"
3. "Order No. 2 of the Arts Army"

1922

1. "Happy"
2. "Bastards!"
3. "Bureocracy"
4. "My speech at the Genoa Conference"
5. "Germany"

1923

1. "About Poets"
2. "About" fiascos "," apogees "and other unknown things"
3. "Paris"
4. "Newspaper Day"
5. "We don't believe!"
6. "Trusts"
7. "April 17"
8. "Spring Question"
9. "Universal Answer"
10. "Thieves"
11. "Baku"
12. "Young guard"
13. "Norderney"
14. "Moscow-Königsberg". 6 September
15. "Kyiv"

1924

• Bourgeois, - say goodbye to pleasant days - we will finally finish with hard money
• A Little Difference ("In Europe..."), <1924>
• Hard money - solid ground for the bond between the peasant and the worker

1925

1926

1. "Sergey Yesenin"
2. "Marxism is a weapon..." April 19
3. "Four-story hack"
4. "Conversation with the financial inspector about poetry"
5. "Forefront of the Advanced"
6. "Bribery"
7. "Agenda"
8. "Protection"
9. "Love"
10. "Message to the Proletarian Poets"
11. "Bureaucrat Factory"
12. "To Comrade Netta" July 15
13. "Terrible Familiarity"
14. "Office Habits"
15. "Hooligan"
16. "Conversation on the Odessa raid of landing craft"
17. "Letter from the writer Mayakovsky to the writer Gorky"
18. "Debt to Ukraine"
19. "October"

1927

1. "Stabilization of life"
2. "Paper Horrors"
3. "Our Youth"
4. "Across the cities of the union"
5. “My speech at the show trial on the occasion of a possible scandal with the lectures of Professor Shengeli”
6. "What were you fighting for?"
7. "You give a beautiful life"
8. "Instead of an ode"
9. "Best Verse"
10. "Lenin is with us!"
11. "Spring"
12. "Careful March"
13. "Venus de Milo and Vyacheslav Polonsky"
14. "Mr. People's Artist"
15. "Well!"
16. "A General Beginner's Guide to Sneaks"
17. "Crimea"
18. "Comrade Ivanov"
19. "We'll see for ourselves, we'll show them"
20. "Ivan Ivan Gonorarchikov"
21. "Miracles"
22. "Marusya got poisoned"
23. "A letter to the beloved Molchanov, abandoned by him"
24. "The masses don't understand"

1928

1. "Without a rudder and without a spinner"
2. "Ekaterinburg-Sverdlovsk"
3. "The story of the caster Ivan Kozyrev about moving into a new painting"
4. "Emperor"
5. "Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva"

1929

1. "Conversation with Comrade Lenin"
2. "Perekop enthusiasm"
3. "Gloomy about comedians"
4. "Harvest March"
5. "Soul of Society"
6. "Party Candidate"
7. "Inject self-criticism"
8. "All is calm in the West"
9. "Parisian"
10. "Beauties"
11. "Poems about the Soviet passport"
12. "Americans are surprised"
13. "An example not worthy of imitation"
14. "Bird of God"
15. "Poems about Thomas"
16. "I'm happy"
17. "Khrenov's story about Kuznetskstroy and the people of Kuznetsk"
18. "Special opinion"
19. "Give the material base"
20. "Lovers of difficulty"

1930

1. “Already the second. You must have gone to bed..."
2. "March of the shock brigades"
3. "Leninists"

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Notes

An excerpt characterizing the List of works by Vladimir Mayakovsky

Mayakovsky's works occupy a prominent place in Russian literature. His prose and plays became a notable phenomenon in the poetry and dramaturgy of the first decades of the 20th century. A specific style, an unusual form of construction of poems earned him popularity and fame. And in our days, interest in his work does not weaken.

Characteristics of futurism

Mayakovsky, whose poems are the subject of this review, entered Russian literature as the brightest and most prominent representative of the Futurist movement. A feature of this trend was a break with the traditions of the classics and, in general, all previous art. This approach determined the interest of its representatives in everything new. They were looking for new forms of expression of their thoughts, ideas, feelings. The fine arts, or rather the creation of bright and catchy posters, which were supposed to draw attention to their works, acquired a large role in their work. The poet himself was also carried away by new trends, which in many respects determined his handwriting. However, the originality of his style allowed him to rise above the ordinary representatives of futurism and survive his time and era, entering the ranks of the classics of Soviet poetry.

Features of the poems

Mayakovsky's works are traditionally included in the school curriculum on Russian literature. This is explained by the fact that his works and writings very clearly characterize the trends and ideas of his time. The heyday of the poet's work fell on a very difficult era, when in literature and art in general there was a struggle between the most diverse areas. While maintaining the positions of the traditional classical school, young authors actively broke with past achievements and looked for new means and forms of expression. The poet also became a supporter of innovative ideas and therefore created a special poetic form that resembled a ladder rhyme. In addition, he, having some experience in writing posters, used in his writings bright catchy phrases that resembled slogans.

Poems about creativity

Mayakovsky's works, as a rule, reflect the trends and ideas of an era full of serious struggle between various artistic movements and trends. Therefore, they can be conditionally called journalistic in their orientation, however, in terms of content, they are a valuable source for studying the views and thoughts not only of the author himself, but also of those who also belonged to the Futurist camp.

Mayakovsky's light verses are easy and quick to learn due to the simplicity of rhyme construction. For example, the work “Could you?” differs in small volume, it is concise, concise and at the same time in a concentrated form conveys the poet's thoughts about his difficult work. Its language is very simple, accessible and therefore always liked by schoolchildren and teenagers. Another poem about creativity is called "An Extraordinary Adventure". It has an unusual storyline, very good humor and is therefore very easy to remember.

Poet about contemporaries

Mayakovsky's works are devoted to a variety of topics, and one of them is an assessment of the activities of contemporary authors. In this series of works, a special place is occupied by the poem "To Sergei Yesenin", in which the poet, in his characteristic ironic manner, outlined his attitude to his work and tragic death. This work is interesting in that it is distinguished by greater softness and some lyricism, despite the rough manner of expressing one's feelings. It is also indicative in the sense that Yesenin was the unspoken rival of the poet: both, one might say, opposed each other, but Mayakovsky appreciated the talent of the latter, in connection with which it would be appropriate to offer schoolchildren in the lesson.

Writings as a reflection of the era

Mayakovsky, whose poems are the object of this review, occupied him with a lively reaction to the events taking place around him. The first decades of the 20th century were marked by a complex search for new poetic forms and plots. The poet actively experimented with rhyme and various language means. Thus, he paid tribute to an era that was distinguished by very turbulent events not only in the political, but also in the cultural fields. Mayakovsky's light poems become clearer and more accessible if they are viewed as a reflection of the active search for new visual means in the first half of the century.

most famous poem

“I take it out of wide trousers” is perhaps the most famous work of the poet. Probably every schoolboy knows his lines. The secret of this poem's popularity lies in the fact that it expresses in concentrated form the Soviet ideology of the first years of Bolshevik rule. It is in this context that this essay should be understood. It is very easy and quick to remember and is still actively quoted by artists at various performances.

Plays

Mayakovsky's satirical works, along with his poetry, occupy a prominent place in Russian literature. First of all, we are talking about his works "Bedbug" and "Bath". In these works, the poet, in his usual unusual form, showed the phenomena of his time. The extravagant and original plot, the pretentiousness of vocabulary, the unusual images of the main characters provided these plays with a fairly long life. In Soviet times, for example, it was very common to see performances of these works starring the famous artist Andrei Mironov.

The place of the poet in Russian literature

The famous works of Mayakovsky provided him with popularity during his lifetime. The lightness and unusualness of poetic forms, as well as the original way of expressing thoughts and the pretentiousness of linguistic means, immediately attracted attention to him. At present, his works are very interesting for understanding the era of Soviet power. A vivid example of this is the poem "I get out of wide trousers." This essay on the Soviet passport clearly demonstrates the attitude of the new intelligentsia to the order that was established in our country after 1917. However, this does not exhaust the significance of the author for Russian literature. The fact is that he was a very versatile person and tried himself in a variety of genres.

An example of this is the fact that he wrote not only plays, but also poems. The most famous of them, which are still studied at school, are "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin" and "Good." In them, the author in a very capacious and concise form expressed his attitude to the most important events of his time. This explains the interest in his work, which has not weakened to this day. His works vividly characterize the cultural life of a significant part of the intelligentsia under Soviet rule.

It is impossible to imagine the 20th century without V. Mayakovsky. Mayakovsky was the most famous and talented futurist poet.

He turned to the genre of the poem: “A cloud in pants”, “About this”, “Good!”, “Vladimir Ilyich Lenin”, Flute-spine”, Man”, dramas: Plays "Bedbug" and "Bath".

His poems are lyrical through and through, in essence, they are expanded lyres. st.

In the poem About it”he turns to a scientist who in the distant future will be able to resurrect people, give them a new, clean, happy life:

In lyrical-epic poems " Good!" and "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin"Mayakovsky embodied the thoughts of a socialist man, a hero of his era.

"A cloud in pants". The original title of the poem - "The Thirteenth Apostle" - was replaced by censorship. Each part of the poem expresses a certain idea (4). But the poem itself cannot be strictly divided into chapters in which four cries are consistently expressed ("Down with your system, love, art, religion!"). The experiences of the lyrical hero capture different spheres of life, including those where loveless love, false art, criminal power dominate, Christian patience is preached. The movement of the lyrical plot of the poem is due to the hero's confession, which at times reaches a high tragedy.

First part of the poem- about the tragic unrequited love of the poet. It contains an unprecedented strength of jealousy, pain, the hero's nerves rebelled: "like a patient from the bed, a nerve jumped", then the nerves "jump furiously, and already the legs give way under the nerves." The author of the poem painfully asks: “Will there be love or not? Which one is big or tiny? The chapter reflects the emotions of the lyrical hero: “Hello! Who is speaking? Mother? Mother! Your son is very sick! Mother! He has a heart of fire." The love of the lyrical hero of the poem, and this leads him to deny love-sweet-voiced chant, because true love is difficult, it is love-suffering.

The theme of poetry dedicated to the third chapter. The lyrical hero declares his break with previous poets, with "pure poetry" .

Another "down with" the poem - " down with your system”, your “heroes”: the “iron Bismarck”, the billionaire Rothschild and the idol of many generations - Napoleon.

Through the entire third chapter the theme of the collapse of the old world. In the revolution, Mayakovsky sees a way to put an end to the hated system and calls for a revolution. The author of the poem sees the coming future, where there will be no loveless love, the bourgeois system and the religion of patience. And he himself sees himself as the "thirteenth apostle", the herald of the new world.

The theme of personal, unsurmounted shocks develops into a glorification of future happiness. The author is disappointed in the moral force of religion. The finale of the poem sounds not without the author's irony: the Universe does not hear the protest of the "thirteenth apostle" - it sleeps!

The poem is characterized by hyperbolism, originality, planetary comparisons and metaphors.

Plays "Bug" and "Bath" were written by the poet in one breath. They reflected heavy impressions of the discrepancy between the real Soviet reality and the author's utopian ideal. Setting as his goal the agitation of a contemporary, Mayakovsky raised "eternal" questions. The dramaturgy of recent years stands out sharply with realistic strokes, which are combined with satirical techniques of caricature and grotesque. The central figures here are the tradesman and the bureaucrat.

Main hero of the play "Bug"- the owner of a trade union card with aristocratic manners. Mayakovsky, with caustic irony, ridiculed the petty-bourgeois nature of Pierre Skripkin. The newly-minted aristocrat - "a former party member, a former worker" - constantly gets into trouble. The speech of the Soviet tradesman is full of ridiculous inconsistencies. The claim to education makes him turn to the language of civilized people, but the square abuse still betrays a dark inside. The highest goal for Prisypkin is petty-bourgeois well-being. Such a position was deeply alien to Mayakovsky. The poet dreamed of spiritual growth and moral purification of his contemporaries. According to the author, a catastrophe awaits those who choose the path of vulgarity and philistinism. And yet, "Klop" is not a forecast of the coming tradesman. On the contrary, fire frees humanity from it. But Mayakovsky is far from unclouded optimism. Resurrected fifty years later, Klop-Prisypkin immediately began to spread the infection of vulgarity. The author warned his contemporaries about the danger lurking in a seemingly innocent call for a "good life".

"Bath" WITH On the one hand, the play is called "Bath" - we do not find any bath there. WITH On the one hand, this is a drama, but on the other hand, “... with a circus and fireworks”, that is, just a farce, and not a drama at all. On the one hand, the entire conflict in the play is centered around Chudakov's "machine", but on the other hand, this machine is invisible, that is, as if it does not exist. On the one hand, it is as if we have a theater in front of us, but on the other hand, we also see a theater within a theater, so that the first theater is no longer a theater, but a reality. In the entire play as a whole and in each of its individual elements, we find a discrepancy between subject matter and meaning. The most abstract concepts here are reduced, materialized, materialized, and the most concrete objects, phenomena and even people are dematerialized up to complete disappearance.

The whole play as a whole is a metaphor. Lear. the core of "Bani" is the problem of time. The time machine in "Bath" is not just Chudakov's invention, but also a metaphor for innovation and creativity itself. She is plotted against another machine - the bureaucratic one. The culmination of the opposition of the two machines is Pobedonosikov's last monologue in Act VI. Why is it called "Bath"? First, "Bath" is a metaphor for cleansing laughter. Secondly, it is a metaphor for the purification of the creative, to which we come as a result of artistic comprehension of reality.

36. Block, cycles, poem "The Twelve"

As a poet, Blok was formed under the influence of the traditions of Russian classical literature. In his work, Alexander Blok reflected the essential features of a critical era. The reflection of the Russian revolution lies on his poems and poems.

Burning years! Is there thoughtlessness in you, is there any hope?

The thematic range of lyrics is wide - from the most intimate movements of the soul, from the sacrament of youthful love to philosophical generalizations and the historical path of the people.

Blok's early poems made up the first book published in 1904 - " Poems about the Beautiful Lady"multifaceted. These poems are symbolic, the mournful HERE and the beautiful THERE are contrasted, the holiness of the hero's ideals, the desire for the promised land, a decisive break with the surrounding life, the cult of individualism, beauty. The plot of the cycle is the expectation of a meeting with a beloved who will transform the world and the hero. The heroine, on the one hand, a real woman "She is slender and tall // Always arrogant and stern". On the other hand, we have before us the heavenly, mystical image of the "Virgin", "The Majestic Eternal Wife", "Incomprehensible". "He" is a lover a knight, a humble monk, ready for self-denial.“She” is the incorporeal focus of faith, hope and love of the lyrical hero.

The lyrical hero is shown in development

His second book, unexpected joy", made the poet's name popular in writers' circles. Among the poems are "The Stranger", "The Girl Sang in the Church Choir", "Autumn Wave".
Block's hero becomes an inhabitant of noisy city streets, eagerly peering into life. He is alone surrounded by drunkards, he rejects this world that terrifies his soul, looks like a booth, in which there is no place for anything beautiful and holy. The world poisons him, but a stranger appears amidst this drunken frenzy, and her image awakens bright feelings, it seems that she believes in beauty. Her image is surprisingly romantic and alluring, and it is clear that faith in goodness is still alive in the poet. Vulgarity, dirt cannot tarnish the image of a stranger, reflecting Blok's dreams of pure, selfless love. And the poem "Autumn Wave" became the first embodiment of the theme of the motherland, Russia in the work of Blok. Nekrasov's intonations appear in the poems - love for the motherland - love-salvation, the understanding that one's fate cannot be imagined in isolation from it.

After a trip to Italy in 1909, Blok wrote the cycle " Italian poems", in the spring of 1914 - cycle " Carmen". In these poems, Blok remains the finest lyricist, praising beauty and love.

Through the deepening of social trends (the cycle "City"), religious interest (the cycle "Snow Mask"), the comprehension of the "terrible world", the awareness of the tragedy of modern man (the play "Rose and Cross") Blok came to the idea of ​​the inevitability of "retribution" (the cycle " Yamby"; the poem "Retribution"). Persistently and strongly expressed in Blok's work is hatred for the world of the "well-fed", for the ugly, inhuman features of life (the Terrible World cycle, 1909-16).

love lyrics Blok is romantic; along with delight and ecstasy, she carries a fatal and tragic beginning (sections of the cycle Snow Mask, Faina, Retribution, 1908-13, Carmen, 1914).

The theme of the poet and poetry. The idea of ​​the poet's freedom, his independence from public opinion, superiority over the crowd runs through all the early poems on the theme of creativity. poems “To Friends” and “Poets. “To the Muse” creativity is not a reward, but hard work, which often brings disappointment and dissatisfaction than laurels and joy. Inspiration is sent down by God, and you have to pay for any gift, and the poet pays with personal happiness and peace, comfort and well-being.

Blok considers the main theme of his work theme of the Motherland. From the first poems about Russia ("Autumn Wave", "Autumn Love", "Russia"), a two-faced image of the country arises - impoverished, pious and at the same time free, wild, robbery. During this period, the poet creates cycles of poems "Motherland", "On the field of Kulikovo." The ambivalent attitude towards Russia is especially vividly embodied in the poem "Sin shamelessly, soundly ...". Blok paints a realistic picture of contemporary Russia.
And under the lamp near the icon
Drinking tea, snapping off the bill,
Then flip the coupons
Pot-bellied opening the chest of drawers ...

But it ends with the words:
Yes, and such, my Russia,

You are dearer to me than all the edges.
The poet took a slightly different angle in his cycle “On the Kulikovo Field”.

The revolution of 1917 was reflected in the largest post-October poem " Twelve"(1918). It reflected both real events and the poet's views on history, the essence of civilization and culture.

The very beginning of the poem sets the reader up for the struggle; two worlds stand in sharp contrast - the old and the new, just born:

Black evening.

White snow.

Wind, wind!

A person does not stand on his feet.

Human passions and the raging elements act in unison, destroying everything obsolete, personifying the old way of life. As attributes of the old way of life - a bourgeois, a lady, and a priest:
There is a lady in doodle
Turned to the other...
We were crying, we were crying...
slipped
And - bam - stretched out!

And then, shaking off the fragments of the lost society, twelve people go. Who are they - builders of the future or cruel destroyers, murderers?

Blok used many symbols in his poem: names, numbers, colors.
The leitmotif of the poem arises from the first bars: in the break and opposition of "white" and "black". Black is a vague, dark beginning. White symbolizes purity, spirituality, it is the color of the future.

The image of Christ is also symbolic in the poem. Jesus Christ is the herald of new human relationships, the spokesman for holiness and purifying suffering. For Blok, his "twelve" are real heroes, since they are the performers of a great mission, they are doing a holy deed - a revolution. As a symbolist and mystic, the author expresses the sanctity of the revolution religiously. Emphasizing the sanctity of the revolution, Blok puts before these "twelve" the invisibly walking Christ.