400 mcg folic. Folic acid deficiency. How much folic acid does a person need per day

Composition and form of release

Film-coated tablets - 1 tab.:

active substance: folic acid - 400 mcg;
excipients: lactose monohydrate (tabletose 80); silicon dioxide colloidal; copovidone (Kollidon VA-64); magnesium stearate;
film shell: Opadry II (series 85) (polyvinyl alcohol, macrogol, talc, titanium dioxide E171, iron oxide yellow E172, aluminum varnish based on quinoline yellow E104.

Film-coated tablets, 400 mcg. In blister packs of PVC film and printed lacquered aluminum foil, 10 pcs. In a carton pack 3, 6 or 9 packs.

Description of the dosage form

Tablets: biconvex, round, film-coated yellow. At the break: light yellow color with splashes.

Characteristic

Folic acid "9 months" is specially designed for women planning motherhood and pregnant women.

Contains 400 mcg of a highly purified form of folic acid produced by DSM (Switzerland) in 1 tablet, which is effective in compensating for the physiological need for folic acid in the vast majority of women and pregnant women and is safe for the entire population of women of reproductive age, including pregnant women.

Folic acid is one of the essential micronutrients. It is well known that folic acid is necessary for the prevention of fetal developmental defects (neural tube defect, heart disease, kidney disease, cleft palate, etc.).

Clinical studies have proven:

Efficacy and safety of using folic acid in the amount of 400 mcg/day for the prevention of fetal developmental defects. When using this dose, the risk of neural tube defects is reduced by 40%-70%, especially when drugs are used during the preconception (planning) period.

Often, women before pregnancy and in the first trimester have a latent deficiency of folic acid. Deficiency during this period is most dangerous, since the formation of the neural tube begins from the first days of conception and ends on the 28th day of pregnancy. During this period, a woman may not even know about pregnancy, which is why preconception nutritional preparation is recommended, incl. taking folic acid in the amount of 400 mcg / day 3 months before the planned conception.

In the second trimester, folic acid deficiency is clinically manifested in 70% of pregnant women and, as a rule, manifests itself in the form of macrocytic anemia. With adequate, necessary and sufficient pharmacological support (400 mcg/day), there is a decrease in homocysteine levels and an increase in folate levels to normal from the first to the third trimester due to the accumulation of folate after prolonged nutrient support during the 1st and 2nd trimesters.

pharmachologic effect

Replenishing folic acid deficiency.

Pharmacokinetics

Folic acid is well and completely absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, mainly in the upper parts of the duodenum. Almost completely bound to plasma proteins. It undergoes activation in the liver under the influence of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, turning into tetrahydrofolic acid. Tmax - 30-60 min. Penetrates through the blood-brain and placental barriers into breast milk.

Excreted by the kidneys mainly as metabolites; if the accepted dose significantly exceeds the daily requirement for folic acid, then it is excreted unchanged.

Excreted by hemodialysis.

Pharmacodynamics

Vitamin B group (vitamin BC, vitamin B9) can be synthesized by the intestinal microflora. In the body, folic acid is reduced to tetrahydrofolic acid, which is a coenzyme involved in various metabolic processes. It is necessary for the normal maturation of megaloblasts and the formation of normoblasts. Stimulates erythropoiesis, participates in the synthesis of amino acids (including glycine, methionine), nucleic acids, purines, pyrimidines, in the metabolism of choline, histidine.

Indications for use

folic acid deficiency;
prevention of the development of neural tube defects in the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Contraindications for use

hypersensitivity to the components of the drug;
pernicious anemia;
malignant neoplasms;
cobalamin deficiency;
childhood.

Use in pregnancy and children

Folic acid is necessary in the period of preparation for pregnancy (1-3 months before the planned pregnancy) and in the first few weeks after conception (I trimester).

Side effects

Allergic reactions: skin rash, itching, bronchospasm, erythema, hyperthermia.
From the digestive tract: nausea, bloating, bitterness in the mouth, anorexia.

With prolonged use, the development of hypovitaminosis B12 is possible.

drug interaction

Reduces the effect of phenytoin (an increase in its dose is required).

Analgesics (long-term therapy), anticonvulsants (including phenytoin and carbamazepine), estrogens, oral contraceptives increase the need for folic acid.

Antacids, cholestyramine, sulfonamines (including sulfasalazine) reduce the absorption of folic acid.

Methotrexate, pyrimethamine, triamterene, trimethoprim inhibit dihydrofolate reductase and reduce the effect of folic acid (instead of it, patients using these drugs should be given calcium folinate).

With simultaneous use with chloramphenicol, neomycin, polymyxins, tetracyclines, the absorption of folic acid is reduced.

Dosage

Inside, after eating.

With a deficiency of folic acid - 400 mcg (1 tab.) per day.

To prevent the development of neural tube defects in the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy - 400-800 mcg (table 1-2).

Overdose

May occur with long-term use (more than 1-2 months) of folic acid in doses of more than 1000 mcg per day and as a result of joint use with vitamin-mineral complexes.

Precautionary measures

For the prevention of hypovitaminosis, a balanced diet is most preferable. Foods rich in folic acid - green vegetables (lettuce, spinach, tomatoes, carrots), fresh liver, legumes, beets, eggs, cheese, nuts, cereals.

Folic acid is not used to treat B12-deficient (pernicious), normocytic and aplastic anemia, as well as anemia refractory to therapy. With pernicious (B12-deficient) anemia, folic acid, improving hematological parameters, masks neurological complications. Until pernicious anemia has been ruled out, the administration of folic acid in doses exceeding 100 mcg / day is not recommended (with the exception of pregnancy and lactation).

It should be borne in mind that patients on hemodialysis need increased amounts of folic acid.

During treatment, antacids should be used 2 hours after taking folic acid, cholestyramine - 4-6 hours before or 1 hour after taking folic acid. It should be borne in mind that antibiotics can distort (deliberately underestimate) the results of microbiological assessment of the concentration of folic acid in plasma and erythrocytes. When using large doses of folic acid, as well as therapy for a long period, a decrease in the concentration of vitamin B12 is possible.

Folic acid (vitamin B 9) ensures the necessary growth and development of the unborn child, especially in early pregnancy. Folic acid deficiency during pregnancy significantly increases the risk of congenital malformations in the fetus, in particular neural tube defects (for example, cleft vertebral arch), hydrocephalus, anencephaly, as well as malnutrition and prematurity.

Who is deficient in folic acid?

Folic acid deficiency is present in every second woman. Their proportion is even higher among women taking hormonal drugs and alcohol.

Folic acid before pregnancy: when is B9 most needed?

The body of a pregnant woman needs folic acid most of all in the first month after conception, that is, up to 2 weeks of delay, since the neural tube forms on the 16-28th day after conception, when the expectant mother sometimes does not even suspect that she is pregnant.

How to prevent folic acid deficiency during pregnancy?

Even before conception (three to six months before it), as well as throughout pregnancy, a woman should take at least 800 mcg (0.8 mg) of folic acid daily to prevent developmental disorders in the embryo.

Who needs to take folic acid?

Folic acid is prescribed to all pregnant women, regardless of the nature of their diet. If a woman has already had a child with such a defect in the past or there have been cases of similar diseases in the family, the dosage of the vitamin should be increased to 4 mg per day. Malformations such as cleft lip and cleft palate can also be the result of vitamin B 9 deficiency in pregnant women.

Is there too much folic acid?

If the accepted dose significantly exceeds the daily requirement for folic acid, then the kidneys begin to excrete it in an unchanged state. 5 mg of folic acid taken orally is excreted from the body after 5 hours.

How much folic acid to drink during pregnancy? The norm of folic acid when planning pregnancy

The limitation of the prophylactic dose of folic acid to 400 mcg outside of pregnancy and 800 mcg before and during it is due to the fact that in patients with vitamin B 12 deficiency (this is a completely different vitamin!) Excess folic acid can cause irreversible damage to the nervous system, since the use of folic acid in high doses (5 mg / day) prevents the diagnosis of pernicious anemia (i.e. vitamin B 12 deficiency) due to the fact that folic acid can reduce the neurological manifestations of this condition. Thus, folic acid is not the cause of pernicious anemia, but interferes with the timely diagnosis.

What dose of folic acid to take before and during pregnancy?

Not less than 0.8 mg - this dose is not questioned in any country in the world. Moreover, modern studies indicate an increase in the preventive effect of congenital malformations when taking large doses of folic acid - 3-4 mg per day. It is this dose of folic acid that should be drunk by pregnant women who do not have the risk of vitamin B 12 deficiency, that is, those who also take "pregnant" multivitamins. So, we look at how much folic acid is in your multivitamins and we achieve a dose of 3-4 mg, evenly distributing the intake of folic acid at the same time as eating during the day.

How much is it in tablets?

Usually folic acid is sold in a dosage of 1 mg = 1000 micrograms. That is, the minimum dose is 800 mcg - a little less than one tablet. But, given that many doctors recommend taking 3-4 mg when planning, it’s definitely not worth breaking off a small piece :)

Should men take folic acid?

Since folic acid plays a huge role in cell development, folic acid deficiency in men can reduce healthy sperm count. Therefore, a few months before conception (at least three), a man should start taking folic acid at a dose of not less than prophylactic - 0.4 mg.

Folic acid is produced in tablet form. Tablets may contain 1 and 5 mg of acid. Pills for pregnant women with FC are produced with a dosage of 1 mg or 400 mcg. The dosage of 400 mcg has the drug Folic acid for 9 months. It is specially designed for pregnant women. One folic acid tablet (1 mg) contains 1 mg of the substance. 1/2 tablet at a dose of 1 mg contains 500 mcg.

Folic acid is involved in the formation of blood cells. Against the background of a normal concentration of FA, a normal amount of erythrocytes and hemoglobin is maintained. With an insufficient amount of a microelement, megaloblastic anemia is formed. This disease is accompanied by the formation of underdeveloped red blood cells. Blood cells cannot fully carry oxygen. Against the background of a lack of FA and a deficiency of vitamin B12, B12-deficiency anemia appears. It is also possible the appearance of iron deficiency anemia.

Folic acid improves the condition of the intestinal mucosa, improves digestive function. This is especially important for children in the neonatal period. In newborns, the intestines are just beginning to work, so a sufficient amount of folic acid is very important.

Folic acid is involved in the formation of cellular structures, DNA molecules, RNA. This property of the drug allows you to accelerate or maintain the normal development of placental tissue during gestation, as well as the growth of the fetus in utero. For a child from birth, folic acid also provides the constant cell division needed for growth.

A normal amount of a microelement helps to prevent the formation of oncological pathologies. FA deficiency increases the risk of cancer. According to the instructions, excessive intake of the FA pharmaceutical preparation can provoke the growth of tumor tissue.

Indications and restrictions for the appointment:

You need to take the vitamin at the prescribed dose 1 time per day. Course therapy is 30 days or more. Reception of a microelement is carried out after food.

Folic acid norms

During pregnancy, a woman needs 400 micrograms of FC per day in tablets. Together with food, the dose will be 800 micrograms of folic acid. For a healthy adult, it is enough to take folic acid at a dosage of 200 mcg. Men during planning a child need 400-800 mcg, depending on health.

Dosages for children:

How many micrograms are contained in 1 mg of FA

More often used tablets with a dosage of 1 mg (milligram). 1 mg is 1000 micrograms of folic acid. To obtain a dosage of 500 mcg, you need to divide the tablet in half.

Pregnant women are often prescribed 400 micrograms. A dosage of 400 micrograms of folic acid is slightly less than half a tablet. It is permissible for a woman to take half of the tablet form during gestation. With threats of abortion or premature birth, gynecologists prescribe even 2-3 tablets of FC. An overdose of the drug does not occur.

When planning a child, men are also shown a dosage of 400 mcg - this is 0.4 mg of FC. The dosage is not very convenient for taking, so it is permissible to drink 500 mcg (half a tablet).

For children, it is inconvenient to divide the tablet, since the dosages are very small. To do this, the tablet form of 1 mg is divided into 4 parts. One part is diluted in 25 ml of water. If the dose is 25 mcg, then you need to take 1 ml of the solution. If necessary, give the child 50 mcg gain 5 ml of the solution. If a child needs a dose of 75 mcg, take 7.5 ml. The solution must be made new each time the medication is taken. Used - poured out.

Children can be given a complex of vitamins. Dosages are adjusted according to age. Children are often prescribed Alphabet, Supradin, Complivit. Complexes are much more convenient. They have not only FC, but also other vitamins.

Conclusion

Folic acid is used in gynecology, urology, obstetrics, pediatrics, neurology. It is indicated for use with a lack of FC, pregnancy, planning a child (half a tablet - 500 mcg). In children, the drug is indicated for autism, delayed general and speech development, anemia. Before using FC, you need to consult a doctor to clarify the dosage and contraindications.

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Compound

Description of the dosage form

Tablets: biconvex, round, film-coated yellow.

At the break: light yellow with patches.

pharmachologic effect

pharmachologic effect- replenishing folic acid deficiency.

Pharmacodynamics

Vitamin B group (vitamin B C, vitamin B 9) can be synthesized by the intestinal microflora. In the body, folic acid is reduced to tetrahydrofolic acid, which is a coenzyme involved in various metabolic processes. It is necessary for the normal maturation of megaloblasts and the formation of normoblasts. Stimulates erythropoiesis, participates in the synthesis of amino acids (including glycine, methionine), nucleic acids, purines, pyrimidines, in the metabolism of choline, histidine.

Pharmacokinetics

Folic acid is well and completely absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, mainly in the upper parts of the duodenum. Almost completely bound to plasma proteins. It undergoes activation in the liver under the influence of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, turning into tetrahydrofolic acid. T max - 30-60 min. Penetrates through the blood-brain and placental barriers into breast milk.

Excreted by the kidneys mainly as metabolites; if the accepted dose significantly exceeds the daily requirement for folic acid, then it is excreted unchanged.

Excreted by hemodialysis.

Indications for the drug 9 months Folic acid

folic acid deficiency;

prevention of the development of neural tube defects in the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Contraindications

hypersensitivity to the components of the drug;

pernicious anemia;

malignant neoplasms;

cobalamin deficiency;

childhood.

Use during pregnancy and lactation

Folic acid is necessary in the period of preparation for pregnancy (1-3 months before the planned pregnancy) and in the first few weeks after conception (I trimester).

Side effects

Allergic reactions: skin rash, itching, bronchospasm, erythema, hyperthermia.

From the gastrointestinal tract: nausea, bloating, bitterness in the mouth, anorexia.

With prolonged use, the development of hypovitaminosis B 12 is possible.

Interaction

Reduces the effect of phenytoin (an increase in its dose is required).

Analgesics (long-term therapy), anticonvulsants (including phenytoin and carbamazepine), estrogens, oral contraceptives increase the need for folic acid.

Antacids, cholestyramine, sulfonamines (including sulfasalazine) reduce the absorption of folic acid.

With simultaneous use with chloramphenicol, neomycin, polymyxins, tetracyclines, the absorption of folic acid is reduced.

Dosage and administration

inside, after meal.

With a deficiency of folic acid - 400 mcg (1 tab.) per day.

To prevent the development of neural tube defects in the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy - 400-800 mcg (table 1-2).

Overdose

May occur with long-term use (more than 1-2 months) of folic acid in doses of more than 1000 mcg per day and as a result of joint use with vitamin-mineral complexes.

special instructions

9 months Folic acid 400 mg 30 tablets
PHARMACHOLOGIC EFFECT
Vitamin B group (vitamin Bc, vitamin B9) can be synthesized by the intestinal microflora. In the body, folic acid is reduced to tetrahydrofolic acid, which is a coenzyme involved in various metabolic processes. It is necessary for the normal maturation of megaloblasts and the formation of normoblasts. Stimulates erythropoiesis, participates in the synthesis of amino acids (including glycine, methionine), nucleic acids, purines, pyrimidines, in the metabolism of choline, histidine.

PHARMACOKINETICS
Suction and distribution
Folic acid is well and completely absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, mainly in the upper parts of the duodenum. Cmax in blood plasma is reached in 30-60 minutes.
Almost completely bound to plasma proteins. Penetrates through the BBB and the placental barrier and is excreted in breast milk.
Metabolism and excretion
It undergoes activation in the liver under the influence of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, turning into tetrahydrofolic acid.
Excreted by the kidneys mainly as metabolites; if the accepted dose significantly exceeds the daily requirement for folic acid, then it is excreted unchanged.
Excreted by hemodialysis.

DOSAGE
Apply inside after meals.
With a deficiency of folic acid - 400 mcg (1 tab.) / day.
To prevent the development of neural tube defects in the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy - 400-800 mcg (1-2 tablets).

Folic acid is a fundamentally important component for women planning motherhood and pregnant women.

1 tablet Folic acid "9 months" contains 400 mcg of a highly purified form of folic acid produced by DSM (Switzerland), which is effective in compensating for the physiological need for folic acid in the vast majority of women and pregnant women and is safe for the entire population of women of reproductive age, including pregnant.