Inflammation of the intestine than relieve pain. Signs of damage to the large intestine. Spasmodic inflammation of the large intestine

The intestine is the longest human organ, which in an adult is about four meters. It is divided into two main parts - the large and small intestines, and this structuring is not arbitrary, since both of these parts perform different functions.

The doctor can indicate the approximate localization of inflammation according to complaints

So, in the small intestine, under the influence of pancreatic enzymes, food is broken down and absorbed; the fat one is engaged in the "packing" of waste food masses, taking excess water from there. Symptoms of intestinal inflammation - its most common disease - will differ depending on the localization of the process, because it will be seen which function has been affected.

Terminology

Inflammation of the small intestine is called enteritis, and if the process is located only in its final part - the ileum, then the disease will be called ileitis.

When the inflammatory process is localized in the colon, it is called colitis. If the pathology concerns only the sigmoid colon, it is called sigmoiditis, if the rectum - proctitis.

Why does the intestine become inflamed

The causes of intestinal inflammation are conditionally divided into two large groups: infectious and non-infectious.

Infectious enterocolitis

Infectious diseases include:

Such microorganisms get into with the consumed unboiled water and milk (as well as when swallowing water when bathing), poor-quality or not heat-treated food. Viruses can be transmitted by airborne droplets.

The peculiarity of infectious inflammatory processes is that they are contagious and can be transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person through common utensils, food, toys and household items. They are called "diseases of dirty hands", since it is quite simple to avoid infection: wash your hands after communicating with the sick, before eating and after visiting the toilet.

Inflammation of the intestine, not associated with colonization of microbes

Non-infectious inflammation of the intestine develops due to a huge number of reasons. It:

errors in: "love" for alcohol, spicy and smoked food;
decrease in intestinal tone;
inflammation of adjacent organs;
taking medications;
"defects" of immunity, in which it begins to "attack" its own organs (such an autoimmune process is characteristic of Crohn's disease);
violation of the blood circulation of the intestine due to atherosclerotic or inflammatory processes in the arteries that feed it;
poisoning with lead, heavy metals, arsenic, plant poisons;
food allergy;
irradiation of the intestine with gamma rays;
as a reaction to abdominal surgery.

How does intestinal inflammation manifest?

Common symptoms of inflammation of the intestinal mucosa can be divided into the following syndromes:

Pain. Localization of inflammation can be assumed by the location of the pain zone:
- if, this most likely indicates a disease of the small intestine or the initial sections of the large intestine;
- pain in the lower sections - a disease of the colon;
- at the anus - problems of the rectum. This is not necessarily inflammation, it can be a symptom of hemorrhoids and anal fissure.
According to the nature of the pain:
- if the pain is constant, aching, the process is chronic;
- if it has a daily rhythm: it increases in the first half of the night - ulcerative pathologies, in the morning - inflammation of the large intestine;
- when the pain increases with jolting driving, defecation, walking, it says that the peritoneum or the lymphatic apparatus of the intestine is involved in the inflammation.
Intoxication syndrome: weakness, drowsiness, increased heart rate, nausea, loss of appetite, muscle pain, headaches. This indicates in favor of the infectious process.
Diarrheal syndrome (diarrhea) may indicate both small bowel and large bowel localization. The type of stool matters.
Dry hair and skin, bites in the corners of the mouth, bleeding gums indicate problems with the small intestine.
Change in color and consistency of stool.

To determine the localization of inflammation, it is important to indicate not only the area of pain, but also other symptoms.

Consider separately the symptoms of diseases of the large and small intestines.

Enteritis

Inflammation of the small intestine can be acute or chronic.

Warning! Acute inflammation often has an infectious nature, and also develops in case of poisoning or an allergic reaction. The cause of chronic enteritis is most often errors in the diet.

Symptoms of acute enteritis

The disease usually begins acutely, with the appearance of such symptoms:

weakness;
rumbling and pain in the abdomen, in the navel;
diarrhea: up to 10 times a day;
stool: liquid, frothy, offensive;
loss of appetite;
dry skin;
most likely, there will be an increase in temperature;
signs of dehydration may develop: severe weakness, confusion, convulsions, frequent weak pulse.

Chronic enteritis

With this disease, frequent loose stools are noted, which is accompanied by pain in the abdomen and rumbling of the intestines - during an exacerbation. In the period of remission, there is a decrease in the severity of these complaints up to their complete disappearance. The fact that the disease has not been stopped is indicated by signs of impaired intake of nutrients into the body: dryness, fragility and thinness of the skin, hair and nails, seizures, pallor, bleeding.

Colitis

Inflammation of the large intestine can also be acute and chronic. Chronic colitis, depending on the nature of the inflammation occurring in the intestine, has its own classification. All these pathological processes have different symptoms.

Acute colitis

It is characterized by such features:

abdominal pain;
nausea;
painful urge to defecate;
loss of appetite;
weight loss;
feces - decorated, mucus and blood are visible in it;
with an infectious lesion of the intestine - an increase in temperature.

Chronic ulcerative colitis

This is the name of the process in which ulcerative and erosive defects occur in the intestinal wall. It develops more often in women and is characterized by such manifestations:

pain in the abdomen, especially on the left side;
constipation;
during the subsidence of the disease, feces are not liquid, fetid, blood is visible in it;
with exacerbation, abdominal pain, diarrhea are noted, a person quickly loses body weight;
joint pain often develops.

Warning! Under the symptoms of intestinal inflammation in women, diseases of the reproductive organs can be masked: pain in the right or left half of the abdomen can also be observed with inflammation of the appendages; diarrhea can accompany not only colitis or enteritis, but also inflammation of the uterus and appendages. Only a doctor can understand the causes of symptoms.

Chronic spastic colitis

It has different manifestations: one person may develop constipation, while another may develop diarrhea. Most people also experience abdominal pain, flatulence, and bloating. Spastic colitis is characterized by the disappearance of symptoms when nervous overstrain, stress, lack of sleep are relieved.

Pseudomembranous inflammation of the large intestine

This name has an inflammatory process in the colon, which developed as a result of dysbacteriosis. Its symptoms are observed against the background of taking antibiotics and after their withdrawal. They are the following:

frequent watery stools, with impurities of mucus and blood;
abdominal pain that worsens with bowel movements;
a slight increase in temperature;
weakness;
nausea;
weight loss.

Proctitis and sigmoiditis

With inflammation of the lower part of the large intestine, which is isolated most often develops with prolonged use of antibiotics, injuries by foreign bodies, chemical or thermal burns, the following signs will be observed:

pain in the rectum, aggravated by defecation;
discharge of blood and mucus from the anus;
constipation;
sensation of a foreign body in the anus;
urge to defecate;
body aches;
during defecation.

Inflammation of the intestinal lymph nodes

If inflammation of the intestine had an infectious cause, but in some cases, and as an independent disease, especially in children, inflammation of the intestinal lymph nodes may develop. These structures serve as a barrier to infection, and when there is too much of it, or the microorganisms are too aggressive, the lymph nodes become inflamed. This manifests itself as follows:

acute paroxysmal pains develop in the abdomen, especially on the lower right (as in appendicitis);
the temperature rises;
nausea and vomiting appear;
diarrhea or constipation occurs.

Pain in the abdomen lasts from several hours to three days, does not become more intense. With these symptoms, there is no deterioration in the general condition of a person, which would be with appendicitis or other surgical pathology.

How is the diagnosis made?

The main method that allows to establish the localization and type of the inflammatory process is endoscopic examination.

In order to establish the type, cause, localization and nature of intestinal inflammation, such studies are carried out.

The inflammatory process in the large, small intestines or in the rectum can occur in people of different age categories. But the symptoms and causes can be different in women and men of different ages.

Article content:

Causes of inflammation

Starting treatment for any disease, you need to find out the causes of its occurrence in order to successfully treat the disease. But first you need to figure out what tasks the intestine performs in the body.

With the help of special substances called enzymes, the intestine performs the function of processing the food eaten, breaking it into particles and passing it into the blood. Many factors can disrupt the normal functioning of internal organs, which will ultimately lead to the onset of an inflammatory process.

The most common causes of bowel problems are:

viruses, pathogenic bacterial species and other protozoa (e.g. E. coli),
helminthiasis,
autoimmune process, as a result of which the body tries to destroy its own cells, mistaking them for pathological,
unbalanced diet, malnutrition,
violation of the beneficial microflora of the mucous membrane,
circulatory disorders in the narrowed vessels of the intestinal walls,
hereditary factors.

Inflammation develops due to the death of mucosal cells under the influence of some factor. The part of the intestine is no longer able to function normally, so the blood supply to the intestinal part is increased.

Characteristic symptoms

The main signs that signal the onset of inflammation in the intestines are:

pain arising from spasm of the abdominal muscles and internal organs,
swelling in the intestines
nausea and vomiting,
frequent bowel movements, sometimes uncontrolled, due to bleeding wounds on the mucous membrane,
poor absorption of essential substances, causing weight loss,
anemia due to poor absorption of iron.

To clarify the diagnosis, the patient is assigned a blood and stool test to detect possible infections. Other clinical studies may be recommended.

Medications can quickly alleviate the symptoms of inflammation of the intestine. However, the disease will have to be treated, and the process can be quite long.

Comprehensive treatment must include following a diet for maximum intestinal unloading:

Dishes for the patient's diet are steamed or consist of boiled foods.
Raw fruits and vegetables are completely abolished, especially at the beginning of treatment.
Fish and meat of low-fat varieties, containing the necessary proteins, must be present in the diet.
Frequent small doses
Kissel is included in the diet, enveloping the intestinal walls and contributing to recovery.

Treatment of inflamed intestines includes a set of methods which include therapy with the use of suppositories, antibiotics and other drugs:

Special anti-inflammatory drugs and sorbents are prescribed that bind and remove toxins.
Preparations Mezim, Pancreatin, Festal and the like, containing digestive enzymes, are necessary for the successful digestion of food.
Symptomatic therapy with the use of drugs to relieve painful symptoms, cramps and bloating.

How to relieve inflammation at home?

Doctors, prescribing treatment with pharmaceuticals, do not neglect the means of traditional medicine and, together with dietary nutrition, recommend taking effective herbal preparations for inflammation.

The properties of some plants have long been studied, which cope not only with the symptoms, but can heal the cause of the disease.

In folk medicine, there are many different recipes designed to help treat intestinal disorders. Here are the available methods of treating folk methods of the inflammatory process in the intestine.

A mixture of equal parts of sage, centaury and chamomile flowers, taken one teaspoonful, brew a glass of boiling water and leave for half an hour. Take every two hours, up to 8 times a day. After three months of treatment, the dose is gradually reduced and the infusion is taken less frequently. Such a medicine has not harmed anyone and does not cause side effects, so it can be used for a long time.
onion juice It is recommended to drink a teaspoon before meals. The remedy is taken no more than 4 times a day and helps with constipation and colitis to normalize digestion and destroy pathogenic microflora.
For inflammatory symptoms infusion of 20 g of licorice, 10 g of anise, 10 g of fennel and 60 g of buckthorn. A spoonful of herbal mixture is poured into 200 ml of boiling water and left for half an hour. In the morning and before going to bed, drink a glass of infusion.
Chronic forms of colitis are treated with a mixture of herbs yarrow, sage, mint, nettle, oregano, plantain, motherwort, cumin seeds, shepherd's purse, St. John's wort, knotweed and valerian root, with the addition of several blueberries and chamomile flowers. In a glass of boiling water, you need to take two tablespoons of the herbal mixture and insist for an hour. Infusion is recommended to take 100 ml after meals.
In the inflammatory process, which manifests itself in the form of constipation, take 100 g of figs, prunes, dried apricots and 2 leaves of aloe, grind and divide into 10 servings, rolling balls. Eat one scoop of the mixture every evening.

We must not forget about the individual intolerance of some components used in the recipes. Check with your doctor before treatment.

Simultaneously with the treatment of intestinal inflammation, a very important role is given to dietary nutrition. Violations of the diet are fraught with constant exacerbations of the disease. Frequent fractional meals 5-6 times a day is another prerequisite for successful treatment.

You can not abuse fats and carbohydrates in the diet, but proteins become vital elements for the patient, as well as foods high in calcium and potassium.

You can not abuse salt on the menu, its amount is limited to 8 grams per day. It is recommended to drink up to two liters of fluid during the day.

If vegetable fiber and natural milk are excluded from the diet, the diet will quickly lead to good results in treatment.

In case of inflammation of the intestines, it is forbidden to use:

fatty meat,
milk and milk soups,
sausages,
salted and pickled mushrooms,
soups with cabbage
hot spices,
cream, sour cream and ice cream,
soda and kvass,
alcoholic drinks,
sweets.

Diet food includes:

vegetable broths,
compotes and juices of bird cherry, pomegranate, pear, blueberry and other berries and fruits containing tannins,
low fat broths
lean beef and steamed chicken dishes,
foods high in calcium, which include low-fat cottage cheese and cheese,
dishes from pollock, pike, perch and other low-fat fish.

Prevention

To prevent the onset of the inflammatory process in the intestine and the exacerbation of chronic colitis, certain recommendations must be followed. They consist mainly in the elimination of factors provoking the development of the disease.

Preventive measures are carried out depending on the causes of the inflammatory process of the intestine.

Helps protect against infections personal hygiene especially when it comes to regular hand washing. Patients should not touch common foods at all.

Chronic bowel problems help prevent diet food.

If the inflammation of the intestinal sections arose as a result of the treatment of another disease, it is impossible to avoid relapses. Such consequences include, for example, radiation colitis, which often begins during radiotherapy for pelvic tumors.

The general prevention of inflammation in the intestines consists in a rational diet, spa treatment, in the rejection of bad habits and in regular sports.

We must not forget that it is better not to treat the disease, but to try to prevent it. Thanks to the information received, the symptoms can determine the presence of inflammation and measures for treatment.

If several specific signs are found at once, immediately contact a doctor who will correctly diagnose the problem and prescribe the best ways to treat the disease.

Intestinal upset is a disease that is familiar to everyone. This is one of the most common ailments of the gastrointestinal tract, which includes a whole set of various diseases. To find out how to treat intestinal inflammation at home, you need to understand the features of the disease.

Depending on the causes, inflammation can be of various types and treatment should be appropriate. A special diet based on will help get rid of the symptoms of irritable bowel.

Causes of inflammation

Inflammation of the intestines is a general definition that includes several groups of diseases that differ in causes and symptoms.

There are the following reasons:

bacteria. A virus or infection enters the body, which causes an inflammatory process. The most popular pathogens of the virus include salmonella, E. coli and others.
inborn predisposition. Some forms of the disease are laid down at the genetic level and are transmitted from generation to generation.
autoimmune processes. This is a condition in which the immune system aggressively perceives intestinal cells and begins to fight them.
circulatory disorders. Occur when blood vessels are narrowed or affected by atherosclerotic plaques
violation of the diet. Irregular eating, abuse of fried and fatty foods - all this can lead to inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract
formation of pathogenic microflora

Often inflammation is a consequence of one of the diseases of the stomach. The most common of them:, colitis, dysbacteriosis, enterocolitis.

Often a person himself provokes inflammation - for example, sitting on a diet with strict limits. In pursuit of harmony, people expose themselves to starvation and severe dietary restrictions. The consequence of these actions very often becomes a painful inflammation of one of the organs of the digestive tract.

Disease classification

There are several classifications that determine the type of disease. Depending on the affected area, the following types of inflammation are distinguished:

colitis - that is, damage to the large intestine. Most often, the causative agent of the disease is an infection or a virus.
- a disease that occurs in the small intestine and passes into the duodenum
enteritis - inflammation of the small intestine. It can occur both locally and throughout the entire length of the internal organ

Another classification is according to the duration of the disease. There are chronic and acute forms of inflammation. If acute occurs periodically and lasts for several weeks, then chronic can last for more than a year.

According to the causative agent of the disease, two main groups of inflammation are distinguished: infectious and non-infectious.

Symptoms of the disease

Signs of inflammation may appear gradually and cause no noticeable inconvenience, or they may immediately manifest as acute pain. It is worth contacting a specialist if you have one or more of the following symptoms:

Diagnostic methods

Diagnosis is necessary to determine the exact form of the disease and begin competent treatment. The most accurate methods are now available in medical facilities.

Modern equipment allows using special laboratory instruments to examine both the internal organs of the gastrointestinal tract and the composition of mucous tissues.

There are such types of diagnostics:

Which diagnostic method is suitable for a particular case is best determined by a gastroenterologist based on the patient's symptoms.

Treatment at home

When intestinal inflammation occurs, two main areas of treatment can be distinguished: taking medication or following a special diet. Supporters of traditional medicine supplement the diet with healing tinctures and decoctions.

Depending on the severity of inflammation, the patient himself decides how best to treat intestinal inflammation at home: medication or folk methods.

Medical treatment

If the patient has chosen treatment in the traditional way, that is, medicines, they can have three directed actions:

Pathogenetic. This is a therapy associated with getting rid of pathogenic bacteria, removing toxins from the body.
Etiotropic. This is a treatment in which drugs are prescribed that are aimed at the cause of the disease. That is, antibiotics are prescribed for infections; when worms are found - anthelmintic, and so on.
Symptomatic. This is taking drugs that relieve signs of the disease: spasms, pain, bloating.

It is important to understand that such drugs do not eliminate the cause of the pain, but only temporarily alleviate it.

Preparations for the treatment of inflammation are available in the form of tablets, suspensions, suppositories. One of the most effective forms of treatment is candles. Taking them several times increases the absorption of the active substance, and the likelihood of side effects is several times less.

The most popular anti-inflammatory drugs can be divided into groups:

Antibiotics. Fight infection, eliminate the likelihood of complications.
Corticosteroids are hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs. They are used for a short period and only after consulting a doctor.
Aminosalicylates are topical drugs that relieve inflammation.
and immunomodulators. Strengthen the immune system, since during the period of illness it is especially susceptible to weakening.

Any form of treatment will be more effective when combined with diet.

Therapy with folk remedies

When the inflammation is in an early, not advanced stage, it can be cured on its own without leaving home. Folk methods offer many recipes for the prevention and elimination of gastrointestinal diseases.

The most popular for relieving symptoms of inflammation are various tinctures and decoctions:

Found in all segments of the population. The mechanisms of diseases are diverse, there are acute and chronic lesions, infectious and autoimmune. Hence the approaches to therapy. is a labor-intensive process aimed at correcting numerous pathogenic factors.

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The small intestine is made up of three parts: the duodenum, ileum, and jejunum. Their main function is to digest food and absorb nutrients and water. As soon as there is a violation of the function of absorption, the whole body suffers. There is a protein deficiency, hypovitaminosis, stool disorders, gas formation, periodic pain syndrome is possible. Due to the wide range of symptoms, the arsenal of drugs used in the treatment of diseases of the small intestine is quite large.

Symptoms of intestinal diseases

The most common is indigestion. It manifests itself as follows:

stool disorder. The frequency of defecation reaches 5-6 times a day, the volume of the stool is increased, you can see the remains of undigested food in it. With serious damage to the intestines, blood and mucus are present in the feces;
the occurrence of rumbling intestines, bloating;
pain. Painful sensations are located in the umbilical region, or slightly to the right. The pain is not acute, it is constant, dull, decreases after passing gases. If intestinal motility is increased, the pain becomes stabbing.

In addition to intestinal symptoms, there are general signs of the disease. As a result of chronic malabsorption of substances, their artificial deficiency occurs. Food enters the body but is not absorbed. This causes the patient to lose weight against the background of normal nutrition, the occurrence of hypovitaminosis, anemia. Deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins K, A, E, D leads to visual impairment, increased bone fragility, menstrual irregularities in women and spermograms in men. Dryness of the skin occurs, microcracks appear on it, and jams appear in the corners of the lips. With a deficiency of trace elements, iron and calcium are not supplied. The hematopoietic system suffers, osteoporosis occurs.

If the bowel disease is acute, the patient has only intestinal disorders. Due to the short duration of symptoms, vitamin, nutrient and macronutrient deficiencies do not have time to occur.

There are many chronic diseases of the small intestine.

Chronic enteritis

There are frequent cases when intestinal lesions provoked ionizing inflammation, salts of heavy metals and some drugs.

The mechanism of the disease includes four types of pathological processes:

infection of the intestine with bacteria;
violation of the protective mechanisms of the small intestine;
decreased production of intestinal enzymes;
violation of the correct motor activity of the intestine.

Carbohydrate intolerance

Inherent in some people who, from birth, lack special enzymes that break down sugars. The most common deficiency is one of the three enzymes lactase, sucrase, and trehalose. In the first case, patients are unable to digest milk. In the case of sucrase deficiency, the patient does not absorb regular sugar. And if there is a deficiency of trehalose, people cannot eat mushrooms without side effects.

Vascular lesions of the small intestine

With atherosclerosis in a patient, all vessels are affected by plaques. Their lumen noticeably narrows, which means that much less blood flows. The intestines are in a state of constant oxygen starvation. The disease is manifested by pain in the abdomen. They begin in the central region, and then are transferred to the entire abdomen. Occur after eating for 30 minutes to an hour and a half. During this period, the maximum work of the intestines occurs, the need for oxygen increases. Pain in this condition is very pronounced. Patients are afraid of their repetition, refuse to eat. In addition to pain, there are intestinal disorders. This disease is very dangerous, since with the progression of atherosclerosis of the arteries, their complete blockage can occur with further death of part of the intestine.

Allergic lesions of the small intestine

An overreaction of the body to foreign substances is called an allergy. On the skin, the manifestations look like itchy blisters, redness, or a small red rash.

The small intestine is also affected by allergies, especially food. This is manifested by the occurrence of enteropathy. In simple words, the gut "balds" due to the death of the suction villi. Useful substances are not absorbed properly, a disorder of the stool occurs. Foods, medicines, vaccine sera, and pollen most commonly cause allergies.

celiac disease

Otherwise, the disease is called gluten enteropathy. It is caused by a hereditary deficiency of an enzyme that breaks down one of the components of the cereal protein - gluten. In the absence of an appropriate diet, intestinal lesions are persistent and pronounced.

Due to the incomplete breakdown of proteins, toxic products are formed that harm the small intestine. The mucous membrane becomes thinner due to the destruction of the upper layers. The intestine becomes unable to fully cope with its function. The disease is manifested by recurrent diarrhea. Patients are often underweight. In addition to intestinal disorders, general somatic symptoms are pronounced. There is anemia that is difficult to treat, bruising of the skin, excessive bleeding, mental disorders and bone pain. Under the guise of all these manifestations, gluten enteropathy may be hiding. Due to the abundance of symptoms, the disease is diagnosed late.

Whipple disease

A rare infectious disease affecting the intestines, joints, and circulatory system. In severe cases, it affects all organs and systems of a person. Caused by corynebacteria capable of producing mucopolysaccharides that clog small lymphatic vessels.

The manifestations of the disease are numerous. In addition to fever, intestinal dyspepsia and malabsorption, all organs and tissues are affected.

Neoplasms of the small intestine

Benign formations predominate. They grow slowly, without disturbing the anatomy of the intestine, and have little effect on intestinal patency and human well-being.

Malignant neoplasms of the intestine grow rapidly, contribute to intoxication of the body. Cause intestinal and general manifestations. They can grow into neighboring organs. If the cancer grows into the intestinal wall, it may narrow its lumen. There is intestinal obstruction with severe symptoms of poisoning of the body. The condition requires immediate medical attention.

Treatment of diseases of the small intestine

With an allergic lesion of the intestines, it is worth adhering to a hypoallergenic diet. The attack is removed with the help of antihistamines, such as suprastin, tavegil, phenkarol, loratadine, tsetrin. If the allergy is accompanied by Quincke's edema or anaphylactic shock, adrenaline or glucocorticosteroids should be urgently administered.

With celiac disease and other enzyme deficiencies, you need to follow a diet, avoid foods that are not digested in the body. Compliance with the correct nutritional recommendations makes the life and health of patients full. In this case, the intestines are not exposed to pathological effects and remain healthy.

Whipple's disease is treated with long-term antibiotics. The therapy goes on for years. The choice of antibiotics should be selected by the attending physician, taking into account sensitivity to them.

Vascular disease that feeds the small intestine is treated with vasodilator drugs. The choice is given to long-acting nitrates. To stop the formation of cholesterol plaques in the lumen of blood vessels, you need to take statins. These medications not only lower cholesterol levels, but also stabilize existing plaques.

Most often, people suffer from chronic enteritis. Its treatment requires regularity and combination with proper nutrition. Chronic bowel diseases are treated for a long time, patients need to tune in to this.

Drug treatment of chronic enteritis

Suppression of the progression of dysbacteriosis, normalization of the intestinal microflora is one of the most important aspects of therapy. The question of how to treat such violations of microflora is not acute. Bacterial preparations are prescribed. They contain beneficial microorganisms. Normally, they live in large numbers in the intestinal lumen. The following drugs are used: enterogermina, bactisubtil, lactobacterin, bifikol, bifidubacterin. Take probiotics in cycles. The first lasts three weeks. It is necessary to use drugs before meals twice a day for 3-4 standard doses. Then you need to stop taking the drug for a week, and repeat the shortened course. The treatment regimen should be taken once a quarter to avoid exacerbation of dysbacteriosis.

The use of enzyme preparations helps to remove excessive gas formation, rumbling and frequent stools. Pancreatic enzymes normalize absorption and digestion in the small intestine. The most common are pancreatin, mezim forte, creon, festal, panzinorm, pancitrate. With severe enzyme deficiency, taking drugs for a long time. Due to the lack of toxicity, they can be used for years. In people with mild forms of chronic enteritis, drugs are used in a monthly course. Drugs are taken during meals or immediately after it at each meal. The dosage depends on the severity of the disease.

With excessive intestinal motility, drugs that normalize the stool should be used. These include enveloping and astringent agents. You can use bismuth preparations in powders 1 g 4 times a day, tannalbin 0.5 g 4 times a day, kaopectate 1 tbsp. l. Up to 6 times a day.

Imodium fights diarrhea well. A contraindication to taking the drug is an acute infection.

Diet

yesterday's bread, only dry biscuits;
soups with cereals and vegetables. Cooking in low-fat broth is allowed;
fish and meat of low-fat varieties, steamed or boiled;
vegetable dishes that do not increase gas formation in the intestines. It is allowed to eat potatoes, carrots, pumpkin, cauliflower, zucchini in the form of mashed potatoes, casseroles, or baked. Ripe tomatoes can be eaten raw;
cereals and pasta are not prohibited. It is undesirable to eat millet and barley porridge;
eggs;
sweets;
dairy products, including butter, cottage cheese and cheese;
from drinks tea, weak coffee are recommended.

Non-drug treatment of chronic enteritis

Treatment of the intestines with folk remedies has not lost its relevance. Many plants are able to have various actions on the intestines - anti-inflammatory, laxative or astringent.

Chamomile, mint and valerian will help eliminate spasms and a feeling of heaviness. To prepare a decoction, you need 6 tbsp. chamomile flowers, 2 tbsp. mint leaves and valerian. For every 4 tbsp. plants need a liter of water. Raw materials must be poured with water, boiled for 15 minutes, then left to brew for an hour. The resulting decoction is taken after meals, 150 ml.

To suppress inflammation, you can use freshly squeezed potato juice. It must be taken before meals. It promotes healing of the intestinal mucosa, has an enveloping effect.

With constipation, eating a mixture of dried fruits helps. To prepare it, you will need 200 g of figs and dried apricots, 400 g of prunes. All this must be mixed with honey and taken two hours after dinner, 1 tbsp. It should be noted that prunes have an independent laxative effect.

Also loosen the following products: pumpkin, ripe kiwi, beets.

With the help of aloe, you can fight chronic constipation. The pulp of the leaves must be crushed, mixed with warmed honey in a ratio of 1: 1. You need to insist for a day, then reheat. It should be taken in the morning on an empty stomach one hour before breakfast.

An effective remedy for diarrhea is a decoction of oak bark. It has a pronounced astringent effect. You need to take half a glass 2 times a day.

With regular treatment with drugs and folk remedies, you will succeed, and your intestines will thank you.

Not everyone knows what chronic inflammation of the intestines can lead to. Most often, it is caused by an infection. It can be bacteria and viruses. Many patients have a combined lesion of the small and large intestines. This is called enterocolitis. If the stomach is involved in the process, then gastroduodenitis develops.

The digestive tract is a tube made up of several organs. The process of digestion of food begins in the mouth and ends in the large intestine. There, feces are formed, which are excreted from the body. The length of the intestine in adults is 4 m. In each section, food undergoes one or another change.

Distinguish between the large and small intestine. Acute inflammation is the most severe. If left untreated, it becomes chronic. Adults and children of any age are ill. There are the following types of intestinal inflammation:

duodenitis (bulbitis);
eunit;
ileitis;
typhlitis;
transverse;
sigmoiditis;
proctitis;
pancolitis.

Most often there is a total lesion of one department. Sometimes 2 adjacent sections of the intestine are involved in the process. An example is proctosigmoiditis. Ulcerative inflammation is very common. This disease can develop independently or against the background of another pathology (cholecystitis, pancreatitis).

Inflammation of the small intestine

A disease such as enteritis is very common. It inflames the small intestine. This causes indigestion and dystrophy of the mucous layer. There are acute and chronic enteritis. The process may involve the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. More than 3 billion new cases of acute enteritis are diagnosed annually in developed countries. People who do not see a doctor and do not follow a diet die earlier.

The following causes of acute inflammation of the small intestine in children and adults are distinguished:

dysentery;
salmonellosis;
yersiniosis;
infection with enterobacteria;
adenovirus and enterovirus infections;
infection with protozoa (giardia);
ascariasis;
enterobiasis.

Chronic enteritis develops against the background of acute if the doctor's recommendations are not followed. Risk factors for the development of this pathology include: dysbacteriosis, uncontrolled use of antibiotics and NSAIDs, hepatitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, gastritis, peptic ulcer. Chronic enteritis is caused by other diseases. It develops secondarily.

In acute inflammation of the intestine, the symptoms are nonspecific. Acute enteritis is characterized by diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, signs of intoxication (chills, fever, headache). With a viral etiology of the disease, respiratory disorders appear in the form of rhinitis and nasal congestion. The frequency of bowel movements in acute inflammation reaches 10-20 per day. This leads to loss of fluid and thickening of the blood.

In the absence of proper assistance, hypovolemic shock may develop. Flatulence is a common symptom of the disease. In chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, the clinical picture is poorer. Enteritis is manifested by increased urge to defecate, flatulence, furry tongue, dull pain in the abdomen, pressure drop, tachycardia, weakness.

Food remains are often found in the stool. In violation of lipid metabolism, the stool becomes oily and shiny. General symptoms are typical for severe and moderate chronic enteritis. Exacerbations are observed against the background of alcohol intake or refusal to follow a diet. Chronic inflammation often leads to hypovitaminosis, weight loss, fermentation processes.

Colon inflammation

The small intestine communicates with the large intestine. Inflammation can proceed according to the type of colitis. The defeat of the lower intestine is due to the following factors:

The cause of inflammation can be anti-inflammatory drugs from the group of NSAIDs. Depending on the underlying cause, the following forms of colitis are distinguished:

ulcerative;
infectious;
alimentary;
ischemic;
toxic;
ray.

Acute inflammation in the intestines is characterized by frequent urination, rumbling, pain in the lower abdomen, diarrhea, and sharp, paroxysmal pain. The chair becomes more frequent up to 20-30 times a day. Blood, mucus, or pus is found in the stool. He smells bad. Common symptoms include fever and dry skin and mucous membranes. Patients have decreased appetite. Pain is felt in the lower abdomen. With a total lesion of the intestine, it is without a clear localization.

The condition is normalized in 1-2 days. With prolonged inflammation, the development of complications (shock, abscess, pyelonephritis, sepsis) is possible. Chronic colitis manifests itself brightly only in the exacerbation phase. It is characterized by aching pains, frequent stools, false urges (tenesmus), bloating, rumbling during and after eating. The hallmark is that the symptoms are worse after eating. With ulcerative lesions of the large intestine, streaks of blood are found in the feces.

The most common forms of colitis are proctitis and sigmoiditis. Often on the mucosa. They cause rectal bleeding. Long-term chronic inflammation leads to a deterioration in general well-being, weight loss, weakness, headache. Night sleep may be disturbed.

Development of ulcerative colitis

In adults and adolescents, a pathology such as ulcerative colitis is often diagnosed. With it, inflammation affects all parts of the large intestine. The incidence rate is up to 80 cases per 100 thousand people. More often females are ill. The peak incidence occurs in adolescence and the elderly. The exact causes of ulcerative colitis have not been identified.

With this form of intestinal inflammation, the following symptoms are observed:

rectal bleeding;
pain;
tenesmus;
pain during bowel movements;
diarrhea-type stool disorder (with damage to the descending colon);
weight loss;
weakness;
lack of appetite.

In patients, the intestine may increase and thicken. This is called a megacolon. The main symptom of this pathology is pain. With sigmoiditis, it is felt on the left in the iliac region. If a child is sick, he may become irritable. Nonspecific ulcerative colitis often causes extraintestinal symptoms. These include skin lesions, joint pain, decreased visual acuity. Often develop vasculitis, myositis and glomerulonephritis.

Consequences of intestinal inflammation

If, when inflammation of the intestine is detected, treatment is not carried out, then the likelihood of complications is high. Colitis and enteritis can lead to the following consequences:

dehydration;
thrombosis;
anemia;
the formation of a megacolon;
massive bleeding;
hypovitaminosis;
damage to other organs (kidneys, bones, muscles, joints);
accession of a secondary infection;
hypovolemic shock;
perforation of the intestinal wall;
peritonitis;
purulent complications.

Having ulcerative colitis increases the risk of bowel cancer. A dangerous complication is the formation of megacolon. This is a toxic expansion of the intestine against the background of ulcerative colitis. The walls become thin and may break. This is fraught with the development of peritonitis and shock. Enteritis often causes a lack of vitamins, anemia, osteoporosis and dystrophy.

How to identify inflammation

Before treating inflammation of the intestine, you need to confirm the preliminary diagnosis. This will require the following research:

FEGDS;
radiography;
irrigoscopy;
colonoscopy;
sigmoidoscopy;
digital rectal examination;
stool analysis;
general clinical examinations.

To exclude malignant diseases, a piece of mucous membrane is taken. FEGDS allows you to assess the condition of the initial part of the duodenum and exclude gastritis, as well as peptic ulcer. If colitis is suspected, a colonoscopy is mandatory. This study involves inserting a tube through the anus. The doctor thoroughly studies the condition of the colon mucosa. Inflammation of the intestinal lymph nodes is often detected.

Laboratory data are of great value. The analysis reveals the following violations:

change in fecal pH;
creatorrhoea;
amylorrhea;
steatorrhea;
dysbacteriosis;
anemia;
acceleration of ESR;
leukocytosis.

How to eliminate inflammation

It is necessary to remove acute inflammation in a hospital setting. After eliminating the pain syndrome and other symptoms, you should continue to be treated at home. With the development of infectious enteritis or colitis against the background of patients, they are hospitalized in a box. How to treat patients, only the doctor knows. In acute inflammation of the small intestine, you need to stay in bed, diet, drink more, take painkillers.

With the development of diarrhea, astringents are used. The most commonly used for treatment are Loperamide and Imodium. In severe infectious enteritis, antimicrobials may be prescribed. With the development of dysbacteriosis, eubiotics are indicated. Chronic enteritis in the remission phase is treated at home. Patients are shown diet number 4. In case of exacerbation, you need to enrich the diet with animal proteins.

It is necessary to abandon products that irritate the intestinal mucosa. This will help relieve inflammation. In case of indigestion, enzyme preparations are used (Festal, Panzinorm). Often prescribed drugs such as Karsil and Essentiale Forte. With severe diarrhea, antiseptics and enveloping medicines are used. In severe cases, infusion therapy is required.

With inflammation of the large intestine, the symptoms and treatment are somewhat different from those for enteritis. Colitis therapy includes diet, antibiotics (in the presence of an infectious agent). With sigmoiditis and proctitis, painkillers and healing suppositories are indicated. Patients are advised to drink potato juice. If helminth eggs are found, antihelminthic drugs should be taken.

All patients should forget about alcohol. With severe pain, the drug Drotaverin is used. Astringents and enveloping preparations help get rid of diarrhea. The treatment regimen often includes sorbents (Enterosgel), enzymes and eubiotics. With persistent constipation, hydrocolonotherapy is performed.

If a nodule is found in the colon during examination, surgery may be necessary. Enteritis and colitis often develop simultaneously. Isolated inflammation is much less common. To avoid this pathology, you need to eat right, treat other diseases and give up alcohol.