Tips for parents on preparing children for school. Tips for Parents Preparing Your Child for School

Understanding the importance of preparing children for school, we offer recommendations to parents that will help a preschooler to calmly move on to a new stage in his life.

1. Remember that crises are temporary phenomena, they pass, they need to be experienced, like any other childhood illnesses.

2. Know that the reason for the acute course of the crisis is the discrepancy between the parental attitude and requirements and the desires and abilities of the child, so you need to think about whether all the prohibitions are justified, and whether it is possible to give the child more freedom and independence.

3. Try to change your attitude towards the child, he is no longer small, pay attention to his opinions and judgments, try to understand him.

4. The tone of command and edification at this age is ineffective, try not to force, but to convince, reason and analyze with the child the possible consequences of his actions.

5. If your relationship with your child has taken on the character of an ongoing war and endless scandals, you need to take a break from each other for a while: send him to relatives for a few days, and by the time he returns, make a firm decision not to scream or lose your temper in no matter what.

6. As much optimism and humor as possible in communicating with children, this always helps!

The strategy of positive assessment of the child:

1. A positive assessment of the child as a person, a demonstration of a friendly attitude towards him (“I know you tried very hard”, “You are a smart boy”, etc.).

2. Indication of mistakes made during the assignment, or violations of the norms of behavior (“But today you didn’t succeed in the bunny”, “But now you did wrong, you pushed Masha”). Analysis of the causes of mistakes and bad behavior (“Look at this picture, the bunny’s head is smaller than the body, but you did the opposite”, “It seemed to you that Masha pushed you on purpose, but she didn’t do it on purpose”).

3. Discussing with the child ways to correct mistakes and acceptable forms of behavior in this situation.

4. An expression of confidence that he will succeed (“The bunny will come out beautiful; “He will no longer push the girls”).

To form the skills needed at school, you can play with children in various games aimed at developing and strengthening the necessary qualities and properties (for example: the game “Yes” and “no”, do not say, do not take black and white”, the goal of which is to develop in children the ability to concentrate and concentrate their attention).

1. Optimization of parent-child relationships: it is necessary that the child grows up in an atmosphere of love, respect, respect for his individual characteristics, interest in his affairs and activities, confidence and consistency in educational influences on the part of adults.

2. Optimization of the child's relations with peers: it is necessary to create conditions for the child's full communication with others; if he has difficulties in relations with them, you need to find out the reason and help the preschooler gain confidence in the peer group.

3. Expansion and enrichment of the child's individual experience: the more diverse the child's activities, the more opportunities for active independent actions, the more opportunities he has to test his abilities and expand his ideas about himself.

4. Development of the ability to analyze your experiences and the results of your actions and deeds: always positively evaluating the personality of the child, it is necessary to evaluate the results of his actions together with him, compare with the model, find the causes of difficulties and mistakes and ways to correct them. At the same time, it is important to form in the child the confidence that he will cope with difficulties, achieve good success, he will succeed.

Both children and parents look forward to this event with the same impatience. "We're going to school soon!" - proudly say moms and dads, grandparents. “I’m already going to first grade!” - enthusiastically informs everyone, relatives and strangers, your child.

Finally, the day "X" comes - the first of September. Your little one walks happily and proudly in front of you, carrying his very first satchel on his shoulders, stuffed full of the very first school supplies in his life. The first bell sounds. and now the first-graders sit down at their desks ... probably, it is at this moment that they begin to understand how serious it is - school.

How quivering - children and school.

One day, one far from perfect day, our schoolboy with tears in his eyes says, “I won’t go to school anymore!”. You are at a loss, the child is crying and flatly refuses to get ready for school. What is the reason?

There can be a great many explanations for this - from the fear of being left alone, without the support of parents, to conflicting relationships with classmates and teachers. But the most common reason for children not wanting to go to school is that they find themselves in an unusual environment, they cannot adapt to it, find their place in a new team.

Hence, a frequent consequence is their fear of going to school, the children stubbornly refuse to go there. Here. First of all, it is necessary to find out the real reason for the refusal. But, be that as it may, in no case should the child be allowed to stay at home. Even if the reasons why he does not want to attend school are quite real and objective. His fear will only become stronger, and a lag in the program may also be added to it, which is highly undesirable.

You must be firm and persistent in your quest to get your child back into the classroom. A child, especially a small one, does not yet have the motivation that would justify attending school. Children go to school obeying their parents. Therefore, in case of unwillingness to go to school, it is the parents who must explain the need to attend it.

It is enough for a preschool child to explain that there he will be able to learn a lot of new and interesting things. Older children can be explained that without education, the road to the future will be closed for them, or they can refer to the law, according to which all children are required to receive at least a basic education.

Of course, parents should visit the school where their child is studying from time to time. It is in the power of parents to inspire the child with sympathy for the teacher. You may well tell him that you personally like his mentor very much. Children tend to reciprocate good feelings. If they are confident in the location of the teacher, this will help them overcome the barrier that arises in their communication with a new person.

While your child is small, do not leave him in the school yard, take him to class, have the teacher meet him. Over time, the negative reaction to the school will subside. Be sure to ask the teacher how he behaves after you leave. If his tears stop immediately after you disappear from view, you can stop worrying - the adaptation was successful.

But it also happens that children who have been willingly attending school for several years refuse to go to school. In this case, a heart-to-heart talk is inevitable. You need to find out what is bothering the child. This is where talking to the teacher comes in handy. An attentive teacher will definitely notice something is wrong and will share with you his thoughts about the reason for your child's unwillingness to go to school. Anything can be here - poor progress in subjects, conflict between students, and first love. The options are countless. The home environment is also important. Family troubles, divorce of parents, death of someone close - all this is reflected in the child's ability and desire to learn. Be sure to tell him the whole truth - lying can only aggravate the situation.

Explain that family matters are one thing, and studying is quite another, that you will definitely cope with difficulties, and the best thing that he can do in a difficult moment for the family is to relieve you of anxiety about his academic performance.

However, parents should know that how well and with what pleasure your child learns depends not only on his intelligence. The attitude of parents to his teacher largely determines the school success of the child. After all, it is from this person that he has a lot to learn, the mood of the child at school, his desire to learn will depend on him.

Never, under any circumstances, allow yourself to make disparaging remarks about your child's mentor. Try to establish warm relations with teachers, achieve mutual understanding with them. After all, they want the same thing as you - that your child become a well-educated person. Show understanding towards your child's teachers. you know how difficult it is to be fair and to enforce discipline when dealing with even two children, and there are not two, or even four, but many more in the class.

It will be easier for the child to accept criticism from the lips of the teacher if he knows that you respect him and treat him positively. Children are always very attentive to criticism from a person they like and try to change their behavior.

Teachers are people too. They will take parental criticism with more understanding if they see that they are treated with friendliness and without prejudice. Try to be objective about the stories of your children - they tend to denigrate the "unfair teacher" and whitewash themselves - the "innocent victim". Strive to understand and find the truth. As a rule, it is somewhere in the middle. Be friendly, accommodating, try not to make claims in an aggressive way, better veil your feelings, expressing demands in the form of wishes and requests. Praise the teacher more often, thank him for the excellent teaching. say that your child is delighted with the methods of presenting the material - all this will flatter him and set him up for a friendly attitude towards you and your child.

And in fact, with such pleasant people, the child cannot be a slob, right? With a good attitude, the teacher will meet you halfway.

Don't let your child get bored during class. If a child has fun learning, he learns better. Interest is the best of motivations, it makes children truly creative individuals and gives them the opportunity to experience the satisfaction of intellectual knowledge.

Repeat exercises. The development of a child's mental abilities is determined by time and practice. If an exercise doesn't work, take a break, come back to it later, or offer your child an easier option.

Don't be overly anxious about not making enough progress and not moving forward enough, or even regressing a bit.

Be patient, do not rush, do not give the child tasks that exceed his intellectual capabilities.

In classes with a child, a measure is needed. Do not force the child to do the exercise if he is fidgeting, tired, upset; do something else. Try to determine the limits of the child's endurance and increase the duration of classes each time for a very small time. Give your child the opportunity sometimes to do what he likes.

Preschool children do not perceive strictly regulated, repetitive, monotonous activities. Therefore, when conducting classes, it is better to choose a game form.

Develop in the child communication skills, the spirit of cooperation and collectivism; teach your child to be friends with other children, to share successes and failures with them: all this will come in handy in the socially difficult atmosphere of a comprehensive school.

Avoid disapproving assessment, find words of support, praise the child more often for his patience, perseverance, etc. Never emphasize his weaknesses in comparison with other children. Build his self-confidence.

And most importantly, try not to perceive classes with a child as hard work, rejoice and enjoy the process of communication, never lose your sense of humor. Remember that you have a great opportunity to make friends with a child.

And a few more tips for parents:

1. DON'T PUT NEW INFORMATION

For the remaining time, you will not pull up any “tails”. And if you press on a child with reading and counting, you can make him have negative emotions about school. Of course, you can read a little, solve simple examples, but all this should be in a playful, non-coercive form. In addition, it is important for preschoolers to read the same books several times. They, recognizing the "material", try to tell the narrator what will happen next, correct if he made an inaccuracy. This develops activity in them, and then it will be absolutely easy for them to express their “adult” opinion already at the first lesson.

2. TELL POSITIVE STORIES FROM YOUR SCHOOL LIFE

It is important to form a positive attitude towards school in the future student. If the child wants to learn and is sure that school is interesting, then the inevitable stress associated with the new rules and daily routine, the abundance of strangers, will be successfully overcome. To do this, often tell your child funny stories from your school life.

3. DON'T FOCUS ON GRADES

Many parents make a gross mistake when they start to intimidate: “Read, otherwise you will bring me deuces.” It is important to focus the child's attention on the learning process (you will learn a lot of new things, you will make new friends, you will become smart), and not on the result of good grades, which are generally better not to mention, especially since they are not put in the first grade.

4. DON'T SCARE SCHOOL

In no case do not talk in front of a child that his “childhood is over”, do not feel sorry for him: they say, poor thing, workdays begin.

Don't even jokingly scare me with school. You should also not discuss future expenses with the baby, lamenting the high cost of uniforms or stationery.

5. BUY SCHOOL SUPPLIES WITH YOUR CHILD

You need to buy a briefcase and all accessories for the school with the child, then he is involved in the process of preparing for the first of September. Let the kid choose a pencil case, pens, pencils and rulers, notebooks with a colorful pattern on the cover. When you come home, do not hide purchases in the closet - give them to your child so that he gets used to new things for him. Let him collect a briefcase, carry it around the apartment, lay out notebooks and pencils on the table, then the teacher’s simple instructions: “Get a red pen or a notebook in a ruler” will not cause difficulties for the baby: he will clearly know where he has what lies. It's also a good idea to take your child to the school of your choice if you haven't already. Walk around the school. So the baby will quickly get used to the new place.

6. PLAY SCHOOL

Let all your child's toys go to first grade, and let your favorite one become a teacher. In such a game, the basic school rules can be explained: how to sit at a desk, how to answer in a lesson, how to ask to go to the toilet, what to do during a break (15-minute "lessons" should alternate with five-minute "breaks").

7. START A NEW ROUTINE

A month before school, you need to smoothly adjust the daily routine to the new routine. Try to have the child go to bed no later than ten in the evening, get up at 7-8 in the morning. It is very important to form in the baby an idea of what to do in the morning and in the evening. To do this, it is good to use a cork or plastic board on the wall, where you can attach pieces of paper, write, draw.

To begin with, try to clearly explain what needs to be done before going to bed: collect a briefcase, prepare clothes (panties, a T-shirt, socks), check if the uniform is clean. All these actions are best indicated by drawings: a briefcase, things laid out on a chair. On the eve of the first of September, perform this ritual while playing. Let the child collect their children's books in a briefcase, put clothes on a chair. With the help of drawings, you can also depict the morning routine: we wash, dress, eat, brush our teeth, put on a school uniform, clean our shoes, leave the house. All this will help the baby better understand how his day is built.

8. BRING YOUR BABY WITH THE WATCH

A necessary skill for school is time orientation. If your kid does not understand what time it is yet, teach him this. Many children find it easier to navigate by electronic clocks. The kid should know what it means a quarter of an hour, half an hour, in an hour. Hang a large clock in the nursery (any, the main thing is that the child can learn the time from it). While reading, playing or eating, you can put the clock on the table and draw the child's attention to what time the action began and what time it ended.

9. MORE TEAM GAMES

The school has rules that must be followed: sit at a desk, get up when the teacher allows, do not shout. Without understanding these elementary laws, it will be difficult for a child in the 1st grade. To develop in your child the ability to obey and play by the rules, use team games. Thanks to them, the child will learn that there are rules that must be followed, and that the result depends on this. Another important lesson that team games give the kid is a calm attitude towards losing.

10. TRAIN ATTENTION AND MEMORY

A good game for attentiveness: everyone is given the same text, time is recorded and you need to find and cross out the letters “s” as much and as quickly as possible. Conduct "classes" first for 10 minutes, the next 15, bringing the time of the "lesson" to the duration that will be at school. Then the child will not be so frightened by endless half an hour of classes. You can also play Turn Away and Name more often. Place the toys on the table and let the child look at the table for 1 minute. Then he turns away and names the toys on the table. Make it more difficult: add toys, reduce memorization time. You can replace the toy with another - the child, turning around, should tell what has changed.

Good luck to you and - more faith in yourself and the capabilities of your child!

Is your child ready for school?

Dear parents! When talking with your child, please find out:

Does he know his full name and patronymic (Yulia Sergeevna)?

Does he know his age, day, month and year of his birth?

Does he know his home address, the address of the kindergarten?

Does he know the names and patronymics of his parents, grandparents, their profession, the benefits of their work?

What does he know about the school, about the work of a teacher?

What do you like to do most of all: play, study, work?

Can you print your first and last name?

How does he treat his peers? Who does he like to play with?

How does he communicate with adults? Can he listen without interrupting?

Whether he owns direct and reverse counting within ten. Can he name the neighbors of the number (for 5 - 4 and 6)?

Does it solve simple arithmetic problems involving addition and subtraction within ten?

Does he know basic geometric shapes? Is he able to see them in the objects of the surrounding reality?

Does he know the sequence of parts of the day, their characteristic features?

Does he list the days of the week in sequence? Practice naming, starting not only with Monday, but with any of them (Wednesday, Thursday, etc.). Ask to name the neighbors of a certain day - the previous and next days.

Does he know the names of the seasons, their distinguishing features and the months that make them up? Does he know how to talk coherently about summer, autumn, winter, spring?

Can you navigate in space?

Concerning himself: what is to the right, to the left of him, above, in front of, behind him;

Relative to the given object: what is to the right of the table, to the left of the window;

On a sheet of paper: middle, top, bottom, right, left edges;

Does he understand the scheme of his body, can he show his leading hand, right elbow, left knee, right hand left eye, left hand right shoulder.

After one demonstration, can an adult remember and repeat a series of movements: hands in a fist, on the edge, palm down on the table (and so on 3 times)?

Can a rhythmic pattern slap: simple - ! - !!!, difficult - !! - !!!

Does he know poetry and fairy tales? What is your favorite book and why?

Is he able to convey the content of the story he heard?

Will he be able to arrange a series of pictures in sequence to compose a story?

Will he be able to understand and explain the hidden meaning of the story? For example, the famous story "Stubborn Goats": On the bridge, two goats bumped their horns. And two goats fell into the river upside down. Why? The bridge was too narrow, and the goats were very stubborn.

Memo to parents of future first graders

1. Support your child's desire to be a schoolboy. Your sincere interest in his school affairs and concerns, a serious attitude to his first achievements and possible difficulties will help the first grader confirm the significance of his new position and activities.

2. Discuss with your child the rules and regulations that he met at school. Explain their necessity and expediency.

3. Your child came to school to learn. When a person studies, something may not work out right away, this is natural. The child has the right to make mistakes.

4. Make a daily routine with the first grader, make sure it is followed.

5. Do not skip the difficulties that a child may have at the initial stage of mastering learning skills. If a first-grader, for example, has speech problems, try to deal with them in the first year of study.

6. Support the first grader in his desire to succeed. In each work, be sure to find something for which you could praise him. Remember that praise and emotional support ("Well done!", "You did so well!") Can significantly increase a person's intellectual achievements.

7. If something bothers you in the behavior of the child, his educational affairs, do not hesitate to seek advice and advice from a teacher or a school psychologist.

8. With admission to school, a person more authoritative than you appeared in your child's life. This is a teacher. Respect the first grader's opinion of your teacher.

9. Teaching is hard and responsible work. Entering school significantly changes the life of a child, but it should not deprive it of diversity, joy, and play. The first grader should have enough time for playing activities.

Is your child ready to be a first grader?

Mid May.

If your child is seven years old, then it's time to think about school. And most likely you already have several schools in mind to which you could send your baby. But sometimes doubts cover: will he cope with the new physical and psychological stress?

There are several ways to determine if a child is ready for first grade.

The first and easiest is your own observations.

Have you noticed that a child can without much difficulty for a long time (at least 20 minutes) perform painstaking work that requires concentration - draws, sculpts, assembles a designer, etc. He wants to finish what he started. Often asks questions to adults about the world around him, incomprehensible to him. With pleasure fantasizes and tells various stories. Easily and quickly remembers verses of 4-8 lines, retells fairy tales and stories that you once read. The kid has friends with whom he likes to play, he freely communicates with adults. To the question: `Do you want to go to school?` - the child replies: `I want to, there are a lot of new and interesting things, and I will learn to write, read, etc.`.

If you recognize your baby from this description, then your child will not have unnecessary problems with schooling.

The second way to determine the readiness of the child for school.

A conversation with teachers and psychologists working in kindergarten will help you learn about the characteristics of your child, which are manifested only in communication and interaction with peers and teachers.

It is important to get the following information:

How does the child perform in the classroom? Is he often distracted? Does he accurately understand and follow the instructions of the teacher? Does he notice and correct his own mistakes? Shows activity and independence or not? Confidently and without undue timidity answers questions in front of a group of peers? Do you often ask for help when completing tasks? Tired quickly or can work for a long time? Are the fine motor skills of the fingers well developed?

How does the child communicate with peers? Does he have permanent friends? Do you often quarrel and conflict? Does he participate in joint games? Can you negotiate with other children? Can he adequately fulfill various roles in games?

How does the child interact with the teacher? Does he show initiative in communication or waits to be approached? When rendering assistance, is it included in the work or closed in on itself? Unconditionally fulfills the requirements and requests of adults or expresses his own opinion? When completing the task, does he communicate with adults on the topic of the task or transfers the conversation to other topics? Does it show a desire and interest in learning something new?

If, answering these questions, educators and teachers give your child a positive response, then there is no doubt that the child is psychologically ready for school. In the opposite case, you should not be upset either - an experienced teacher-psychologist will be able to help you, who will conduct a detailed professional diagnosis of the child's psychological readiness for school and give the necessary recommendations for parents and teachers. There is still enough time, and such specialists work in almost every kindergarten and school.

Exercise for the development of voluntary attention.

The child is given a sheet of paper, colored pencils and asked to draw 10 triangles in a row. When this work is completed, the child is warned to be careful, as the instruction is only spoken once. "Be careful, shade the third, seventh and ninth triangles with a red pencil." If the child asks again, answer - let him do as he understands. If the child coped with the first task, you can continue to work, gradually complicating the tasks.

Exercise for the development of observation.

Offer the child a game: "Carefully look around the room and find objects that have a circle, a circle." The child names objects - a clock, a pencil base, a switch, a vase, a table: You can play this game in a competitive form for a group of children, come up with similar tasks.

Game for the development of memory.

This game can be played with a child, for example, during long trips. The adult starts this game and says: "I put apples in the bag." The next player repeats and adds something else: "I put apples and bananas in the bag." The third player repeats the entire phrase and adds something of his own. You can simply add one word at a time, or you can select words alphabetically.

A game for training thinking and ingenuity "How can this be used?"

Offer the child a game - find as many options for using any item as possible. For example, you name the word "pencil", and the child comes up with how to use it - write, draw, use it as a stick, pointer, thermometer for a doll, fishing rod, etc.

Test "Nonsense" - to assess the figurative - logical thinking

Show the child a picture that depicts various nonsense and ask him to carefully consider the picture and say what is drawn wrong. Ask your child to explain what exactly is wrong in these ridiculous situations. The entire task is given 2 minutes. It is good if the child notices more than 8 absurdities during this time.

Test for future first graders:

Give your last name, first name, patronymic;

How old are you? How much will it be in a year? And after two?

What are your parents' names?

In the morning you have breakfast, and in the afternoon...?

Compare an airplane and a bird. What do they have in common, how do they differ?

Football, gymnastics, tennis, swimming is...?

What needs to be done to make the water in the kettle boil?

Knife, what is it? Bicycle, what is it? Kilogram, what is it?

Compare square and rectangle. What do they have in common, how do they differ? What other geometric shapes do you know?

What country do you live in? What is your address?

Birch, oak, aspen - is it ...?

What domestic, wild animals do you know? Why are they called that?

A cow has a calf, a dog has ..., a horse has ...?

Why does the barrier go down before the train passes?

Cucumber, tomato, carrot, beet - is this...?

Look at which group of questions the child managed to cope with less successfully, and pay special attention to this side of vocabulary thinking.

One of the most accessible and common methods for testing a child's readiness for schooling is the Kern-Jirasek test.

It consists of three tasks:

Draw the figure of a person;

Copy a short phrase;

Copy 10 points located one below the other at an equal distance vertically and horizontally.

Prepare a blank sheet of paper, a pencil, two task cards. On one of them, with a black felt-tip pen (not very thick), you need to write the phrase "He ate soup", the vertical size of the letters is 1 cm, and the capital letter is 1.5 cm. On the second card, you need to draw 10 dots, the distance between the dots vertically and horizontally - 1 cm, dot diameter - 2 mm. When completing the first task, tell the child: "Draw here (on a blank sheet) some man, uncle, as best you can." Children often ask many additional questions, it is better to answer them: "Draw as you can." You can encourage the child if he is not sure.

After the child finishes drawing, you need to turn the sheet over and give the following task: “Something is written on this card, you still don’t know how to write in written letters, so try to copy as accurately as possible at the top of the sheet” (the task card must be placed in front of child). Then offer to draw dots at the bottom of the sheet.

Each task is scored on a five-point scale, with 1 being the best and 5 being the worst.

Criteria for assessing the image of a person: 1 point is given when the figure has a head, neck, torso, arms and legs, hair on the head, eyes, nose, mouth on the face, there are signs of clothing, and 5 points - when the figure " something cephalopod.

When evaluating the phrase, 1 point is given when the phrase is copied accurately enough, 2 points - the sentence can be read, 3 points - at least 4 letters can be read, 4 points - at least two letters are similar to the sample, the visibility of the letter is preserved, 5 points - scribble .

When evaluating the drawing of points: 1 point - a fairly accurate reproduction of the sample, but it is possible to increase or decrease the figure while maintaining vertical and horizontal symmetry; 2 points - a slight violation of symmetry is possible, the image of circles instead of dots is acceptable; 3 points - a group of points does not correspond well to the sample, symmetry is broken, possibly more or fewer points; 4 points - the points are located in a heap, but resemble any geometric figure; 5 points - doodle.

The scores for each task are summed up. A school-ready child usually gets from 3 to 9 points. As you can see, the range is quite wide, so don't worry if you think you can't accurately rate. The Kern-Jirasek test gives an idea of the level of general development of the child, spatial perception, copying abilities, as well as the degree of development of hand-eye coordination - all this is necessary when teaching a child at school.

A test with which you can determine whether the baby wants to go to school and what attracts him there:

1. If there were two schools - one with lessons in Russian, mathematics, reading, singing, drawing and physical education, and the other with only lessons in singing, drawing and physical education - which one would you like to study in?

2. If there were two schools - one with lessons and breaks, and the other with only breaks and no lessons - which one would you like to study in?

3. If there were two schools - in one they would give fives and fours for good answers, and in the other they would give sweets and toys - which one would you like to study in?

4. If there were two schools - in one you can get up only with the permission of the teacher and raise your hand if you want to ask something, and in the other you can do whatever you want in the lesson - which one would you like to study in?

5. If a teacher in your class fell ill and the director offered to replace her with another teacher or mother, who would you choose?

6. If there were two schools - one would give homework, and the other would not - which one would you like to study in?

7. If my mother said: “You are still very small, it’s hard for you to get up, do your homework. Stay in kindergarten, and go to school next year,” would you agree with such a proposal?

8. If mom said: “I agreed with the teacher that she would go to our house and study with you. Now you don’t have to go to school in the morning,” would you agree with such a proposal?

9. If your friend (girlfriend) asked what you like most about school, what would you say to him?

Review the child's responses. 1 point is given for each correct answer, 0 points for an incorrect answer. If the child scored 5 points or more, we can safely say that he is internally ready for school.

It would be nice to watch how your child plays with children, whether he knows how to play “by the rules” not only with peers, but also with adults.

If for some reason the test results confuse you, seek help from specialists. Maybe there is a psychologist in your kindergarten who will answer all your questions and dispel your doubts.

"Preparing the child for school"

Dear moms and dads!

The time is approaching when your child will wear the proud title of first grader. And in this regard, you, as parents, have a lot of worries and experiences: where and how to prepare the child for school, is it necessary, what the child should know and be able to do before school, send him to the first grade at six or seven years old, and so on. Further.

There is no universal answer to these questions - each child is individual. Some children are fully ready for school at the age of six, and with other children at the age of seven there is a lot of trouble. But one thing is for sure - it is imperative to prepare children for school, because it will be an excellent help in the first grade, help in learning, and greatly facilitate the adaptation period.

What does school preparation include?

Preparing a child for school is a whole complex of knowledge, skills and abilities that a preschooler should possess. And this includes not only the totality of the necessary knowledge. So, what does quality preparation for school mean?

In the literature, there are many classifications of a child's readiness for school, but they all come down to one thing: readiness for school is divided into a physiological, psychological and cognitive aspect, each of which includes a number of components. All types of readiness should be harmoniously combined in the child. If something is not developed or not fully developed, then it can serve as problems in schooling, communicating with peers, acquiring new knowledge, and so on.

The physiological readiness of the child for school

This aspect means that the child must be physically ready for school. That is, the state of his health should allow him to successfully complete the educational program. If a child has serious deviations in mental and physical health, then he must study in a special correctional school that provides for the peculiarities of his health. In addition, physiological readiness implies the development of fine motor skills (fingers), coordination of movement. The child must know in which hand and how to hold the pen. And also, when a child enters the first grade, he must know, observe and understand the importance of observing basic hygiene standards: the correct posture at the table, posture, etc.

Psychological readiness of the child for school

The psychological aspect of readiness includes three components: intellectual readiness, personal and social, emotional-volitional.

Intellectual readiness for school:

By the first grade, the child should have a stock of certain knowledge (we will discuss them below);
he is supposed to navigate in space, that is, to know how to get to school and back, to the store, and so on;

The child should strive to acquire new knowledge, that is, he should be inquisitive;
development of his memory, speech, thinking must correspond to the age.

Personal and social readiness implies the following :

The child must be sociable, that is, be able to communicate with peers and adults; aggression should not be shown in communication, and when quarreling with another child, he should be able to evaluate and look for a way out of a problem situation; the child must understand and recognize the authority of adults;

Tolerance; this means that the child must adequately respond to constructive comments from adults and peers;

Moral development, the child must understand what is good and what is bad;

The child must accept the task set by the teacher, listening carefully, clarifying unclear points, and after completing it, he must adequately evaluate his work, admit his mistakes, if any.

The emotional-volitional readiness of the child for school involves :
understanding by the child why he goes to school, the importance of learning;

Interest in learning and acquiring new knowledge;

The ability of the child to perform a task that he does not quite like, but this is required by the curriculum;

Perseverance is the ability to listen carefully to an adult for a certain time and complete tasks without being distracted by extraneous objects and affairs.

Cognitive readiness of the child for school

This aspect means that the future first grader must have a certain set of knowledge and skills that will be needed for successful schooling. So, what should a child of six or seven years old know and be able to do?

1)Attention.
Do something without distraction for twenty to thirty minutes.
Find similarities and differences between objects, pictures

To be able to perform work according to a model, for example, accurately reproduce a pattern on your sheet of paper, copy human movements, and so on.

It is easy to play mindfulness games where quick reaction is required. For example, name a living creature, but discuss the rules before the game: if a child hears a pet, then he should clap his hands, if it is wild, tap his feet, if a bird, wave his arms.

2) Mathematics.
Numbers from 0 to 10.

Count up from 1 to 10 and count down from 10 to 1.

Arithmetic signs: "", "-", "=".

Dividing a circle, a square in half, four parts.

Orientation in space and a sheet of paper: “right, left, above, below, above, below, behind, etc.

3) Memory.
Memorization of 10-12 pictures.

Telling rhymes, tongue twisters, proverbs, fairy tales, etc. from memory.

Retelling a text of 4-5 sentences.

4) Thinking.

Finish the sentence, for example, “The river is wide, but the stream ...”, “The soup is hot, but the compote ...”, etc.

Find an extra word from a group of words, for example, “table, chair, bed, boots, armchair”, “fox, bear, wolf, dog, hare”, etc.

Determine the sequence of events, so that first, and what - then.

Find inconsistencies in drawings, verses-fictions.

Putting together puzzles without the help of an adult.

Fold a simple object out of paper together with an adult: a boat, a boat.

5) Fine motor skills.

It is correct to hold a pen, pencil, brush in your hand and adjust the force of their pressure when writing and drawing.

Color objects and hatch them without going beyond the outline.

Cut with scissors along the line drawn on the paper.

Run applications.

6) Speech.

Make sentences from several words, for example, cat, yard, go, sunbeam, play.

Understand and explain the meaning of proverbs.

Compose a coherent story based on a picture and a series of pictures.

Expressively recite poems with the correct intonation.

Distinguish letters and sounds in words.

7) The world.

Know the basic colors, domestic and wild animals, birds, trees, mushrooms, flowers, vegetables, fruits and so on.

Name the seasons, natural phenomena, migratory and wintering birds, months, days of the week, your last name, first name and patronymic, the names of your parents and their place of work, your city, address, what professions are.

What do parents need to know when working with a child at home?

Homework with a child is very useful and necessary for a future first grader. They have a positive effect on the development of the child and help in bringing all family members closer together, establishing trusting relationships. But such classes should not be forced for the child, he must first of all be interested, and for this it is best to offer interesting tasks, and choose the most suitable moment for classes. No need to tear the child away from the games and seat him at the table. Try to captivate him so that he himself accepts your offer to work out. In addition, when working with a child at home, parents should know that at the age of five or six, children are not distinguished by perseverance and cannot perform the same task for a long time. Classes at home should not last more than fifteen minutes. After that, you should take a break so that the child is distracted. It is very important to change activities. For example, at first you did logical exercises for ten to fifteen minutes, then after a break you can do drawing, then play outdoor games, then make funny figures from plasticine, etc.

Parents should also know one more very important psychological feature of preschool children: their main activity is a game through which they develop and gain new knowledge. That is, all tasks should be presented to the baby in a playful way, and homework should not turn into a learning process. But while studying with a child at home, it is not even necessary to set aside some specific time for this, you can constantly develop your baby. For example, when you are walking in the yard, draw your child's attention to the weather, talk about the season, notice that the first snow has fallen or the leaves have begun to fall off the trees. On a walk, you can count the number of benches in the yard, porches in the house, birds on the tree, and so on. On vacation in the forest, introduce the child to the names of trees, flowers, birds. That is, try to make the child pay attention to what surrounds him, what is happening around him.

Various educational games can be of great help to parents, but it is very important that they match the age of the child. Before showing the game to a child, get to know it yourself and decide how useful and valuable it can be for the development of the baby. We can recommend a children's loto with images of animals, plants and birds. It is not necessary for a preschooler to purchase encyclopedias, most likely they will not interest him or interest in them will disappear very quickly. If your child has watched a cartoon, ask them to talk about its content - this will be a good speech training. At the same time, ask questions so that the child sees that this is really interesting for you. Pay attention to whether the child pronounces words and sounds correctly when telling, if there are any mistakes, then gently talk about them to the child and correct them. Learn tongue twisters and rhymes, proverbs with your child.

We train the child's hand

At home, it is very important to develop the child's fine motor skills, that is, his hands and fingers. This is necessary so that the child in the first grade does not have problems with writing. Many parents make a big mistake by forbidding their child to pick up scissors. Yes, you can get hurt with scissors, but if you talk to your child about how to properly handle scissors, what can and cannot be done, then the scissors will not pose a danger. Make sure that the child does not cut randomly, but along the intended line. To do this, you can draw geometric shapes and ask the child to carefully cut them out, after which you can make an appliqué out of them. This task is very popular with children, and its benefits are very high. Modeling is very useful for the development of fine motor skills, and children really like to sculpt various koloboks, animals and other figures. Teach finger warm-ups with your child - in stores you can easily buy a book with finger warm-ups that are exciting and interesting for the baby. In addition, you can train the hand of a preschooler by drawing, hatching, tying shoelaces, stringing beads.

When a child completes a written task, make sure that he holds a pencil or pen correctly so that his hand is not tense, for the posture of the child and the location of the sheet of paper on the table. The duration of the written assignments should not exceed five minutes, while the importance is not the speed of the assignment, but its accuracy. You should start with simple tasks, for example, tracing an image, gradually the task should become more complicated, but only after the child copes well with an easier task.

Some parents do not pay due attention to the development of fine motor skills of the child. As a rule, due to ignorance, how important this is for the success of a child in the first grade. It is known that our mind lies at our fingertips, that is, the better fine motor skills a child has, the higher its overall level of development. If a child has poorly developed fingers, if it is difficult for him to cut and hold scissors in his hands, then, as a rule, his speech is poorly developed and he lags behind his peers in his development. That is why speech therapists recommend parents whose children need speech therapy classes to simultaneously engage in modeling, drawing and other activities for the development of fine motor skills.

In the first grade: from six or seven years old?

Nowadays, six-year-old first-graders are not uncommon. Their parents are sure that it will be better for the child, guided by their personal considerations. Some parents believe that their child is already capable of successfully studying in the first grade at six years old, and prefer not to spend another whole year attending kindergarten. It is impossible to answer unequivocally whether it is impossible to send a child to school from the age of seven or six. Each child is individual, his psychological characteristics, level of development, physical health and so on are individual. But we can say for sure: a child's readiness for school is made up of a whole range of factors, which have already been mentioned above. And if a child has all these factors developed at a sufficient level, then he is completely ready to study in the first grade, even if he is six years old, not seven. If one of the factors is less developed, for example, emotional-volitional or social-personal readiness, then the child will have problems with learning, his academic performance will suffer, and this will be the case not only in the first grade, but also in subsequent ones. This will negatively affect his health. Therefore, if you decide to send your child to the first grade from the age of six, it is recommended to consult with a specialist to determine whether the child is ready for school or not. If your child goes to school from the age of seven, then a few months before the first of September it is also advisable to visit a specialist who will diagnose the child's readiness for school. By the way, with a similar request, you can contact the kindergarten teachers or psychologist.

In order for your child to happily go to first grade and be prepared for school, so that his studies are successful and productive, listen to the following recommendations from psychologists and educators.

1. Don't be too hard on your child.

2. The child has the right to make mistakes, because mistakes are common to all people, including adults.

3. Make sure that the load is not excessive for the child.
4. If you see that the child has problems, then do not be afraid to seek help from specialists: a speech therapist, a psychologist, etc.

5. Study should be harmoniously combined with rest, so arrange small holidays and surprises for your child, for example, go to the circus, museum, park, etc. on weekends.
6. Follow the daily routine so that the child wakes up and goes to bed at the same time, so that he spends enough time in the fresh air so that his sleep is calm and full. Exclude outdoor games and other vigorous activities before going to bed. Reading a book before bed as a family can be a good and useful family tradition.

7. Nutrition should be balanced, snacks are not recommended.

8. Observe how the child reacts to various situations, how he expresses his emotions, how he behaves in public places. A child of six or seven years old must control his desires and adequately express his emotions, understand that not everything will always happen the way he wants it. Special attention should be paid to the child if, at preschool age, he can publicly make a scandal in the store, if you do not buy something for him, if he reacts aggressively to his loss in the game, etc.

9. Provide the child with all the necessary materials for homework so that at any time he can take plasticine and start sculpting, take an album and paints and draw, etc. Take a separate place for materials so that the child can manage them independently and keep them in order .

10. If the child is tired of studying without completing the task, then do not insist, give him a few minutes to rest, and then return to the task. But still, gradually accustom the child so that for fifteen to twenty minutes he can do one thing without being distracted.
11. If the child refuses to complete the task, then try to find a way to interest him. To do this, use your imagination, do not be afraid to come up with something interesting, but in no case do not scare the child that you will deprive him of sweets, that you will not let him go for a walk, etc. Be patient with the whims of your desire.

12. Provide your child with a developing space, that is, strive for your baby to be surrounded by as few useless things, games, and objects as possible.
13. Tell your child how you studied at school, how you went to first grade, look through your school photos together.

14. Form a positive attitude towards school in your child, that he will have many friends there, it is very interesting there, the teachers are very good and kind. You can’t scare him with deuces, punishment for bad behavior, etc.

15. Pay attention to whether your child knows and uses “magic” words: hello, goodbye, sorry, thank you, etc. If not, then perhaps these words are not in your vocabulary. It is best not to give the child commands: bring this, do that, put them away, but turn them into polite requests. It is known that children copy the behavior, manner of speaking of their parents. If you use profanity with your child, if you are rude to each other, then do not be surprised if teachers complain that your child at school swears, fights, bullies other children.

So, your child went to the first grade, but this is not a reason to relax, but quite the opposite. In many ways, it depends on you how the child will study, and his attitude to school. Pay attention to the following points.

1. Remember that your child is a first grader, not a tenth grader, so do not demand more from him than necessary.

2. Respect the independence of the child, his new school life, now he has personal affairs - relationships with classmates, teacher, school schedule, lessons.
3. Do not try to fully control the child's stay at school, some points can be discussed individually with the teacher, but not in the presence of the child. Pay more attention to the child's stay at home, what he does, how and how much, but again unobtrusively and imperceptibly for the child, so that he does not think that you are commanding him.
4. Do not belittle, do not shame the child in front of his peers. Try to develop an adequate self-esteem.

5. Ask him what he learned at school, what he did in class, what was his homework, etc.

6. Respect his independence and personal belongings. Do not rummage without his knowledge in the briefcase, do not shift his things in the closet, etc.

From the moment your child crosses the threshold of school for the first time, a new stage of his life will begin. Try to start this stage with joy, and so that it continues throughout his schooling. The child should always feel your support, your strong shoulder, which you can lean on in difficult situations. Become a child's friend, adviser, wise mentor, and then your first grader in the future will turn into such a person, into such a person that you can be proud of.

The article was developed by the teacher-speech therapist Spravtsova E. L. MBOU "Maikorskaya secondary school"

Most often, parents ask themselves the question: “How to prepare a child for school?” When there is very little time left before the first school bell. Many trust the preschool adaptation of their child directly to the school itself, enrolling their offspring in preparatory courses. Other parents, on the contrary, prefer to prepare the child on their own - then a caring mother, surrounded by textbooks, begins to gnaw at the granite of science, sometimes, along the way, causing the child's persistent dissatisfaction with "study", "classes", "school". What is the best thing to do for parents of tomorrow's first-graders? What are the most common mistakes children make when preparing for school? How to act for sure, developing the qualities necessary for study? How not to overdo it and psychologically correctly prepare the offspring? And, finally, what is the minimum knowledge a child should have when stepping over the threshold of the first grade.

Adaptation of the child to school

The adaptation of a child to school, as in fact, to any mass institution, consists in overcoming the main types of stress by the child's body:

immunological
socio-psychological
educational

As a rule, the first two types of stress are more or less successfully solved by all children while attending kindergarten. It takes a certain time for the child's imperfect immune system to adapt to new conditions, people, antigens. For children who do not attend kindergarten, in the absence of special stimulation of immunity, the beginning of the first grade is very likely to result in frequent colds. So that the quality of the knowledge gained does not suffer - try to prepare the child's immunity in advance.

How to prepare your child for school to make it easier for him to cope with social and psychological stress? Child psychologists recommend teaching children the following skills:

Knowledge of basic etiquette.
The ability to communicate with peers, negotiate with them, play common toys, exchange personal things, adequately respond to their desires that are different from their own.
Building relationships with an "alien" adult, fulfilling his requirements.
The ability to adequately express their emotions.
Motivation to study as a way of learning new, interesting things.
True self-esteem. One of the most difficult points of the child's sociocultural perception of himself. It is important to familiarize the offspring with the concepts of "success", "achievement", "failure". Explain to him that all these are just normal components of the educational process, as, in fact, of life itself. Parents should adequately assess the actions of the child - praise, when there is something for it, get upset because of a stupid prank, but together with the offspring, look for a way out, correct the situation. It is important to evaluate the actions, not the child himself! It’s bad that the offspring broke the vase because he played too much, lost his vigilance, but you can’t say that the child is bad or “always spoils everything”.

Usually, socio-psychological skills begin to emerge in children at the stage of kindergarten preparation, and are completed (at the level of entering school, of course) most often around 5-6 years. If the child does not attend kindergarten, then parents should pay special attention to this item, properly prepare the child socio-culturally by saturating it with communication with other children at playgrounds, development centers, specialized courses or sports sections. Mandatory is the minimum participation of parents in the flaring up children's conflict. You can then discuss with the child all the details of what happened, but during children's disputes, you need to give the child the opportunity to deal with the situation on their own.

If the parents successfully solve the tasks set, they will be able to properly prepare the child from the side of physical and psychological health during the first year of study, he will only have to solve the actual educational stress. It is not easy for any child to sit still for 45 minutes, do everything on command, have time to watch, listen, write down, and complete the teacher's tasks.

Preparatory courses for school - a necessity or a formality?

The expediency of a child attending preparatory courses for school is decided by each family individually. From a psychological point of view, attending preparatory courses for a child will be useful for him to get acquainted with:

a teacher who will become an important adult during the elementary school period;
school building, teach you to navigate in it;
school rules - stretch your hand, do not shout out from your place, answer when the teacher asks, relax calmly during breaks, do homework.

It is easier for a child to feel the school atmosphere when he did not abruptly change the kindergarten group to new children in the class or did not find himself in such a huge children's team for the first time - let the adaptation take place gradually, weekly 2-3 times for 1-1.5 hours.

For children who have not attended kindergarten, preparatory courses for school will help to overcome immunological and socio-psychological stresses with a minimum of educational losses. The material of periodic short classes is easier to “catch up” on your own than a rich first-class program.

How to prepare a child for school - the necessary skills of a first grader

How to prepare a child for school, if many good schools, when recruiting first-graders, conduct special tests to determine the level of knowledge, skills, and development of children? It is important to understand that a good result of such tests depends not only on the child's ability to speak relatively competently, read in syllables or count. The success of a child's mastery of school material is determined by the development of thinking, memory, logic, and the ability to concentrate on a narrow, specific task.

Most children successfully master the necessary set of mental and speech skills when combining preparatory courses and parents' home help. When children enter school, the following skills are welcome:

knowing your full name, as well as the full name of family members;
knowing your address of residence;
the ability to use clocks with arrows and an electronic dial;
fluency in the names of days of the week, months, seasons;
the child’s ability to compose a competent story about himself, for example, how his day went: he got up when the alarm clock rang, his arrows showed so much, ate porridge for breakfast, drank tea, then walked with his mother, etc .;
the child's ability to remember at least 5 words out of 10, slowly uttered by an adult one after another;
the use of prepositions in speech;
the ability to distinguish colors and shades;
the correct name of geometric shapes;
the difference between the concepts of "sound" and "letter", the correct pronunciation of sounds;
ability to read several sentences;
count up to 20 and back;
the ability to concentrate on the same type of activity for about half an hour;
the ability to redraw simple drawings;
carrying out logical operations (exclusion of the superfluous, generalization on a common basis).

The program of preparing a child for school - how to help parents?

The role of parents is great at any stage of the life of their offspring. How to prepare a child for school for those parents who understand the importance of helping their child, but do not have a special education? Today, there are many programs that direct the diligence of parents on the right path so as to prepare the child in an exciting, effective way, teach the necessary skills, and create the prerequisites for learning motivation.

Whatever specific benefit you choose, the parental program for preparing a child for school should include the following mental and speech areas:

development of literate speech
attention training
imagination development
preparation for reading, writing, counting
memory training
motivation to study

To prepare a child's speech for school, you need:

Talk to the child, be sure to ask him questions, patiently wait for an answer.
Ask the child to compose a story based on sets of plot pictures, about the events of today, for example, tell dad / mom how the walk with grandma / other adults went. Clarify the details, ask for more descriptions, observations.
It is important to constantly replenish the child's vocabulary, even with complex words. Be sure to practice with tongue twisters.
Within the family, try to speak slowly, competently, clearly pronouncing the words.

The development of memory and attention is promoted by:

Retelling a familiar story or fairy tale.
Learning poems.
Perception of information through hearing by listening to audio books, songs, foreign speech (especially if the child is bilingual).
Repetition of some sequence of actions shown by an adult (or maybe another child), for example, a slow sequence of movements of some kind of dance.
Search for differences in similar pictures.

To prepare the imagination of the child for schooling, we offer the following:

Any kind of creativity - drawing, modeling, applications.
Inventing stories, acting out performances involving dolls, soft toys, or specially made adult characters made from improvised means.
Solving problems of manuals, where you need to finish the missing part of the picture.

For the development of logic, thinking, carrying out logical operations, we can offer:

Solve puzzles. You can pick up special games like "Fifteen" or "Rubik's Cube" or children's almanacs, including riddles, rebuses, puzzles, charades, crosswords.
Use the simplest logic games to analyze and / or compare objects with the help of special aids or game situations recreated by an adult.
Outdoor games: "Edible-inedible", "Cossacks-robbers", various quests.

To prepare your child for reading, writing and counting, you need:

Practice child-adult reading together.
Count household items, money when visiting stores, pharmacies, banks.
Learn the letters of the alphabet, learn to trace them on a stencil, and then write on your own.
Encourage the child to count or read something.

To motivate a child to study, it is important that the acquisition of new knowledge is an ordinary, interesting, exciting thing for him. That's why:

Be sure to answer the child's questions, you can not "brush" him. Be honest if you don't know the answer to his question. Suggest together later to look into the encyclopedia or the Internet.
Love moving, logical or just fun co-op games.
When leaving the city, sketch landscapes, trees or animals.
Learn geography: world capitals, traditions, customs, cuisine. If you travel a lot, the child will be doubly interested.
Involve your child in everyday activities: cooking, making a list of necessary purchases (only his personal ones are allowed), visiting supermarkets.

Parents should help the child to properly prepare the homework assigned by the preparatory course teacher. Important:

choose the same time to complete tasks;
devote this time entirely to the offspring without mixing occupations with other matters;
have the patience to explain, tell, invent over and over again.

All these moments are able to prepare the child for the maturation of the main school quality - the need to do what you need, and not just what you want. Since the situations offered to the child are initially perceived by him more as a game, arouse keen interest, the emergence of this important feature for learning occurs painlessly. The effectiveness of preschool training also depends on the individual characteristics of the child, the systematic nature of games and activities, and the enthusiasm of parents in the process. It is important to develop a certain intra-family strategy in advance and adapt to his interests, and the rest is a matter of time and patience. Good luck!

So, there are three main lines along which preparation for school should be carried out.

First, it is a general development

By the time the child becomes a schoolboy, his general development should reach a certain level. It is primarily about the development of memory, attention and especially intelligence. And here we are interested in both the stock of knowledge and ideas that he has, and the ability to act on the inner plane, or, in other words, to perform certain actions in the mind.

Secondly, it is the education of the ability to voluntarily control oneself.

A child of preschool age has a vivid perception, easily switched attention and a good memory, but he still does not know how to control them arbitrarily. He can remember for a long time and in detail some event or conversation of adults, perhaps not intended for his ears, if something attracted his attention. But it is difficult for him to concentrate for any long time on something that does not arouse his immediate interest. Meanwhile, this skill is absolutely necessary to develop by the time you enter school. As well as the ability of a broader plan - to do not only what you want, but also what you need, although, perhaps, you don’t really want to or even don’t want to at all.

Thirdly, the formation of motives that encourage learning

This does not mean the natural interest that preschool children show in school. It is about cultivating a real and deep motivation that can become an incentive for their desire to acquire knowledge.

These three parameters are very important for success in school.

Sides of school readiness

You can highlight the individual aspects of readiness for school:

Physical readiness- general physical development: normal weight, height, chest volume, muscle tone, proportions, skin and other indicators that correspond to the standards of physical development of boys and girls of 6-7 years of age. The state of vision, hearing, motor skills (especially small movements of the hands and fingers). The state of the child's nervous system: the degree of its excitability and balance, strength and mobility. General health.
Intellectual readiness. The content of intellectual readiness includes not only vocabulary, horizons, special skills, but also the level of development of cognitive processes, their focus on the zone of proximal development, the highest forms of visual-figurative thinking; the ability to single out a learning task, turn it into an independent goal of activity.
Personal and socio-psychological readiness. Personal and socio-psychological readiness is understood as the formation of a new social position (“internal position of a student”); formation of a group of moral qualities necessary for teaching; formation of arbitrariness of behavior, qualities of communication with peers and adults.
Emotional readiness. Emotional-volitional readiness is considered formed if the child is able to set a goal, make a decision, outline an action plan, make efforts to implement it, and overcome obstacles. The arbitrariness of mental processes is formed in him.

Criteria for the readiness of the child for school

The following indicators can be taken as:

normal physical development and coordination of movements- sufficiently developed muscles, accuracy of movements, readiness of the hand to perform small, precise and varied movements, coordination of the movement of the hand and eye, the ability to use a pen, pencil, brush;
desire to learn- the presence of motives for learning, attitude to it as a very important, significant matter, the desire to acquire knowledge, interest in certain training sessions;
managing your behavior- arbitrariness of external motor behavior, which provides the ability to withstand the school regime, organize oneself in the lesson;
mastery of the methods of mental activity- implies a certain level of development of the child's cognitive processes. This is the differentiation of perception, which makes it possible to observe objects and phenomena, to single out certain properties and aspects in them, possession of logical operations, methods of meaningful memorization of material;
manifestation of independence- the desire to look for ways to solve and explain everything new and surprising, the urge to use different ways, give different solutions, manage in practical activities without outside help;
relationship with peers and adults- the ability to work in a team, to take into account the interests and desires of comrades, to have the skills to communicate with peers and adults;
attitude to work- implies the formation in children of the desire and habit to work for themselves and others, awareness of the responsibility and importance of the task being performed;
ability to navigate in space and notebooks- associated with orientation in space and time, knowledge of units of measurement, the presence of sensory experience, an eye.

They have a fairly high level of development. At this time, a certain amount of knowledge and skills is formed, an arbitrary form of memory, thinking, imagination intensively develops, based on which you can encourage the child to listen, consider, memorize, analyze.

At 6-7 years old, a child should be able to:

ATTENTION- perform the task without being distracted for about 15 minutes; find 5-6 differences between objects; keep 8-10 objects in the field of view; perform independently quickly and correctly the task according to the proposed model; copy exactly the pattern or movement.
MEMORY- memorize 8-10 pictures; to tell from memory literary works, poems, the content of the picture; repeat exactly the text, consisting of 3-4 sentences.
THINKING- determine the sequence of events, put together a split picture of 9-10 parts; find and explain inconsistencies in the drawings; find and explain the differences between objects and phenomena, find the superfluous among the proposed objects, explain your choice.
MATHS- call numbers in direct and reverse order; correlate the number and number of objects; compose and solve problems in one action for addition and subtraction; use arithmetic signs of actions; measure the length of objects using a conditional measure; navigate on a sheet of paper; determine the time by the clock.
SPEECH DEVELOPMENT- correctly pronounce all sounds; determine the place of sound in a word; use complex sentences of various types in speech; compose stories based on a plot picture or a series of pictures, from personal experience, at least from 6-7 sentences; make sentences of 5-6 words, divide simple sentences into words; divide words into syllables.
DEVELOPMENT OF FINE MOTOR SKILLS- be fluent in pencil and brush with different drawing techniques; depict several objects in a drawing, combining them with a single content; hatch or color drawings without going beyond the contours; navigate in notebooks in a cell or in a line; convey in the drawing the exact shape of the object, proportions, arrangement of parts.
GET TO KNOW THE ENVIRONMENT- give your name, surname and patronymic, the name and patronymic of your parents; the name of your hometown (village), capital, Motherland; the sequence of seasons, parts of the day, days of the week; name the spring, summer, autumn, winter months; to distinguish predatory animals from herbivores, migratory birds from wintering ones, garden flowers from field flowers, trees from shrubs; name all natural phenomena, the name of our planet and the satellite of the Earth.

At 6-7 years of age, the child must answer the following questions, which help determine how the child orients himself in the space around him, determine his stock of knowledge and attitude towards school.

Give your last name, first name, patronymic.
Name the surname, name, patronymic of mom, dad.
How old are you? When were you born?
What is the name of the city where you live?
Where do you live? State your home address.
What do your parents do for work?
Do you have a sister, brother?
What are your friends' names?
What games do you and your friends play in winter and summer?
What names of girls (boys) do you know?
Name the days of the week, the seasons.
What season is it now?
How is winter different from summer?
At what time of the year do leaves appear on trees?
What is the name of the planet we live on?
What is the name of the earth's satellite?
What pets do you know?
What are the names of baby dogs (cats, cows, horses, etc.)?
What is the difference between a city and a village?
What is the difference between wild animals and domestic animals?
What is the difference between wintering birds and migratory birds?
Do you want to go to school?
Where is it better to study - at home with your mother or at school with a teacher?
Why do you need to study?
25. What professions do you know?
26. What does a doctor (teacher, salesman, postman, etc.) do?
27. What do you want to be? What profession do you like the most?

Evaluation of results

Answers corresponding to the question are considered correct: Mom works as a doctor. Father's name is Sergey Ivanov Ivanov.
Answers such as: Mom works at work are considered incorrect. Papa Sergei.

If the child answered correctly to 20-19 questions, then this indicates a high level, 18-11 - about the average, 10 or less - about the low level.

In order for your child to happily go to first grade and be prepared for school, so that his studies are successful and productive, please heed the following recommendations:

Don't be too hard on your child. Don't ask your child everything at once. Your requirements should correspond to the level of development of his skills and cognitive abilities. Do not forget that such important and necessary qualities as diligence, accuracy, responsibility are not formed immediately. The child is still learning to manage himself, organize his activities and really needs support, understanding and approval from adults. The task of fathers and mothers is to be patient and help the child.
The child has the right to make mistakes, because mistakes are common to all people, including adults. It is important that the child is not afraid to make mistakes. If something doesn't work out for him, don't scold him. Otherwise, he will be afraid to make mistakes, he will believe that he cannot do anything. If you notice a mistake, draw the attention of the child to it and offer to correct it. And be sure to praise. Praise for every, even a very tiny success.
Make sure that the load is not excessive for the child. When helping a child complete a task, don't interfere with everything he does. Otherwise, the child will begin to think that he is not able to cope with the task on his own. Do not think and do not decide for him, otherwise he will very quickly realize that he has no reason to study, his parents will still help to solve everything.
Do not miss the first difficulties. Pay attention to any difficulties your child has and seek professional help as needed. If you see that the child has problems, then do not be afraid to seek help from specialists: a speech therapist, a psychologist, and others.
Studying should be harmoniously combined with rest, so arrange small holidays and surprises for your child, for example, go to a circus, a museum, a park, etc. on weekends. The reason for this is not difficult to come up with. Rejoice in his success. May you and your child have a good mood.
Already now, try to gradually correlate your baby’s daily routine with the schoolchild’s daily routine. Follow the daily routine so that the child wakes up and goes to bed at the same time, so that he spends enough time in the fresh air so that his sleep is calm and full. Exclude outdoor games and other vigorous activities before going to bed. Reading a book before bed as a family can be a good and useful family tradition.
Nutrition should be balanced, snacks are not recommended. Read.
Observe how the child reacts to various situations, how he expresses his emotions, how he behaves in public places. A child of six or seven years old must control his desires and adequately express his emotions, understand that not everything will always happen the way he wants it. Special attention should be paid to the child if, at preschool age, he can publicly make a scandal in the store, if you do not buy something for him, if he reacts aggressively to his loss in the game, etc.
Provide the child with all the necessary materials for homework so that at any time he can take plasticine and start sculpting, take an album and paints and draw, etc. For materials, take a separate place so that the child independently disposes of them and keeps them in order.
If the child is tired of studying without completing the task, then do not insist, give him a few minutes to rest, and then return to the task. But still, gradually accustom the child so that for fifteen to twenty minutes he can do one thing without being distracted.
In order for the child to be able to hear the teacher, pay attention to how he understands your verbal instructions and requirements, which should be clear, friendly, laconic, calm. Talk more with the child so that, firstly, he more often hears the correct, clear, unhurried, expressive speech of an adult, which is a model for him, and secondly, to develop the active speech of the future first grader. It is necessary to achieve complete answers to your questions, try to listen to the end, sometimes deliberately portray misunderstanding so that the child explains something to you more clearly and in detail. Understanding from a half-word or even from a gesture is not very useful for the development of a child's speech.
If the child refuses to complete the task, then try to find a way to interest him. To do this, use your imagination, do not be afraid to come up with something interesting, but in no case do not scare the child that you will deprive him of sweets, that you will not let him go for a walk, etc. Be patient with the whims of your "not want".
Try to fix the child's attention on what he sees around him. Teach him to talk about his experiences. Achieve detailed and extended stories. Read children's books to your child more often and discuss what you read with him.
You can play this game. The child thinks of some object and begins to describe it, while not naming it. You must guess what it is. Ideally, the child should describe the object according to the following parameters: color, shape, size, material, what class of objects it belongs to.
Provide your child with a developing space, that is, strive for your baby to be surrounded by as few useless things, games, and objects as possible.
Tell your child how you studied at school, how you went to first grade, look through your school photos together.
Form a positive attitude towards school in your child, that he will have many friends there, it is very interesting there, the teachers are very good and kind. You can’t scare him with deuces, punishment for bad behavior, etc.
Pay attention to whether your child knows and uses "magic" words: hello, goodbye, sorry, thank you, etc. If not, then perhaps these words are not in your vocabulary. It is best not to give the child commands: bring this, do that, put them away, but turn them into polite requests. It is known that children copy the behavior, manner of speaking of their parents. If you use profanity with your child, if you are rude to each other, then do not be surprised if teachers complain that your child at school swears, fights, bullies other children.
Teach your child the right way to deal with failure. Your child was the last in the game and defiantly refused to play with friends further. Help him deal with disappointment. Invite the children to play again, but change the rules of the game a little. Let only the first be considered the winner, and all the rest be losers. Celebrate the success of each as the game progresses. After the game, pay the attention of the child to how the other players reacted to the loss. Let him feel the intrinsic value of the game, not winning.
Try not to compare the achievements of the child with your own, or with the achievements of your older brother or sister, or classmates (do not voice this in front of the child, even if they are in his favor!). Never compare your child with other children. This leads either to anger or to the formation of self-doubt.
Strive to make every moment of communication with the child useful.
- If your child helps you bake a birthday cake, introduce him to the basic measures of volume and mass. Grocery stores are a very suitable place for developing a child's attention and active listening. Ask the child to put in the basket: three packs of cookies, a pack of butter, a loaf of white and a loaf of black bread. State your request immediately and do not repeat it again.
- The child helps you set the table. Ask him to put four deep plates on the table, put a spoon next to each plate on the right. Ask: how many spoons do you need?
- The child is getting ready for bed. Suggest that he wash his hands, hang a towel on his hook, turn off the light in the bathroom.
- When walking down the street or in a store, draw your child's attention to the inscription words that surround us everywhere. Explain their meaning. Count the trees, the steps, the cars passing by.
And the last one of the most important: the development of fine motor skills, motor skills of the hand. (Read also the material).

Educational mini-games

Game: Drawing on the back
Purpose: development of tactile sensations, attention.
With the blunt end of a pencil, draw a geometric figure, letter or number on the child's back. The child must guess what you have drawn. You can change, and then you will guess the picture. Children are always more interested in playing from different roles.

Game: Magic word
Purpose: development of attention, politeness.
The child listens carefully to what you say to him. But he fulfills only those requests in which there are magic words. For example: Do three hand claps while bouncing on your left foot. - Please put your hands up! You need to complete the second request. And then everything happens in reverse. The child thus finds himself in the position of an adult who teaches you to be polite.

However, you must remain a loving and understanding parent for your child and not take on the role of a teacher! The child willingly does only what he can do, so he cannot be lazy.

Try not to compare the achievements of the child with your own, or with the achievements of your older brother, or classmates (do not voice this in front of the child, even if they are in his favor!).
Your love and patience will serve as a guarantor of confident progress in your studies for your baby.

Special tests will help you determine which abilities of your baby are best developed, which are at a sufficient level, and which still need to be worked on.

Memo for parents on preparing a child for school

The memo can be useful in the work of kindergarten teachers, parents of preschool children.
Purpose: can be used by kindergarten teachers as a reminder for parents.
Target: informing parents about the preparation of the child for school.
Tasks:
help parents in the proper organization of work to prepare the child for schooling;
to improve the pedagogical culture of parents;
arouse the interest of parents in the issue of preparing the child for school.
1. What are the basic knowledge that a future first grader should have?
2. Practical advice to parents.
3. Simple recommendations.
Knowledge required for a first grader:
1. Count from 0 to 10 (and vice versa).
It should be noted that the child should not just “memorize” these numbers: he should be able to apply the count in practice, i.e., correlate the number and the object (for example, you can invite the child to count the number of buttons on clothes; ask the baby to arrange as many plates on table, how many people will have lunch, etc.). Thus, the process of counting must be conscious.
2. Perform simple mathematical operations within 10 (add, subtract).
3. Know the names of the basic geometric shapes (circle, square, rectangle, oval, triangle, rhombus) and be able to reproduce them.
4. Know the letters of the alphabet.
It is best to remember them with the help of associations: A - stork, orange, B - drum, hippopotamus, etc.
5. Know fairy tales, poems, sayings, riddles.
It should be noted that, despite the dominant position of the computer in the modern world, reading is of great importance for the intellectual development of the child. Communication of the baby with a real, not an electronic book, plays a significant role in shaping his inner world.
6. Have a basic understanding of natural phenomena, months and seasons, days of the week.
7. Have basic spatial representations (left/right, up/down).
At home, you can ask the child to put his right hand on his left ear, and his left hand on his right knee, etc. Walking around the city together, you can invite the child to describe what is to his right, to the left of his mother, behind the store, etc.
8. Be able to copy from the sample (act according to the model).
You can draw a pattern in a checkered notebook and ask the child to continue it.
9. Be able to classify, generalize, exclude unnecessary.
You can invite the child to name in one word: “apple, pear, orange, plum”; ask the baby to exclude the excess: "dress, coat, boots, trousers." In both cases, you should be asked to explain your answer.
Practical advice to parents.
- You should gradually accustom the future first-grader to independence: ask for help to set the table, clean the room, make the bed, etc. During this period, it is very important to observe the daily routine so that your baby gets used to going to bed and getting up at a certain time (this will significantly reduce the likelihood of difficulties in adaptation).
- It is also very important that the child knows his exact home address and phone number, and has a basic knowledge of the rules of the road.
- When preparing your child for school, try to resort to the help of professionals. Remember that your child's cognitive area needs professional development.
- The main thing in preparing a child for school is to create motivation and joyful expectation. Remember that with the arrival at school, the child changes the social platform.
- If you want to study with your child at home, use methodological literature. Remember that pedagogy is a science.
- Take care in advance of the formation of independence skills in your child. Remember that it will be very difficult for your child to go to school without them.
- Don't try to hold back your child's emotions when they show up. Remember that
the emotional sphere of the younger schoolchild is developed more than the volitional and intellectual.
- If the child likes to do art, support him. Remember that the aesthetic development of your child will largely determine the development of his personality as a whole.
- Constantly read with your child and motivate him to read on his own. Remember that mastering the technique of reading will allow your child to master other learning skills.
- Engage your child in preparing for school in the game. Remember that for a preschooler, play is the leading activity.
- Do not let your child watch television programs. Dose such views both in time and in content. Try to talk to him about what you see. Remember that the TV is able to infiltrate the mind of your child and change it.
- If your child is insecure, then somewhere in childhood you missed the moment. Try to reverse the situation. Remember that only creating situations of success and faith in the child will help you.

Simple recommendations.
Understanding the importance of preparing children for school, we offer recommendations to parents that will help a preschooler to calmly move on to a new stage in his life.
1. DO NOT PUT IN NEW INFORMATION. For the remaining time, you will not pull up any “tails”. And if you press on a child with reading and counting, you can make him have negative emotions about school. Of course, you can read a little, solve simple examples, but all this should be in a playful, non-coercive form. In addition, it is important for preschoolers to read the same books several times. They, recognizing the "material", try to tell the narrator what will happen next, correct if he made an inaccuracy. This develops activity in them, and then it will be absolutely easy for them to express their “adult” opinion already at the first lesson.
2. TELL POSITIVE STORIES FROM YOUR SCHOOL LIFE. It is important to form a positive attitude towards school in the future student. If the child wants to learn and is sure that school is interesting, then the inevitable stress associated with the new rules and daily routine, the abundance of strangers, will be successfully overcome. To do this, often tell your child funny stories from your school life.
3. DON'T FOCUS ON GRADES. Many parents make a gross mistake when they start to scare: "Read, otherwise you will bring me deuces." It is important to focus the child's attention on the learning process (you will learn a lot of new things, you will make new friends, you will become smart), and not on the result of good grades, which are generally better not to mention, especially since they are not put in the first grade.
4. DON'T SCARE BY SCHOOL. In no case do not talk in front of a child that his “childhood is over”, do not feel sorry for him: they say, poor thing, workdays begin. Don't even jokingly scare me with school. You should also not discuss future expenses with the baby, lamenting the high cost of uniforms or stationery.
5. BUY SCHOOL SUPPLIES WITH YOUR CHILD. You need to buy a briefcase and all accessories for the school with the child, then he is involved in the process of preparing for the first of September. Let the kid choose a pencil case, pens, pencils and rulers, notebooks with a colorful pattern on the cover. When you come home, do not hide purchases in the closet - give them to your child so that he gets used to new things for him. Let him collect a briefcase, carry it around the apartment, lay out notebooks and pencils on the table, then the teacher’s simple instructions: “Get a red pen or a notebook in a ruler” will not cause difficulties for the baby: he will clearly know where he has what lies. It's also a good idea to take your child to the school of your choice if you haven't already. Walk around the school. So the baby will quickly get used to the new place.
6. PLAY SCHOOL. Let all your child's toys go to first grade, and let your favorite one become a teacher. In such a game, the basic school rules can be explained: how to sit at a desk, how to answer in a lesson, how to ask to go to the toilet, what to do during a break (15-minute "lessons" should alternate with five-minute "breaks").
7. START A NEW ROUTINE. A month before school, you need to smoothly adjust the daily routine to the new routine. Try to get the child to go to bed no later than ten in the evening, get up at 7-8 in the morning. It is very important to form in the baby an idea of what to do in the morning and in the evening. To do this, it is good to use a cork or plastic board on the wall, where you can attach pieces of paper, write, draw.
8. BRING YOUR BABY WITH THE WATCH. The skill necessary for school is orientation in time. If your kid does not understand what time it is yet, teach him this. Many children find it easier to navigate by electronic clocks. The kid should know what it means a quarter of an hour, half an hour, in an hour. Hang a large clock in the nursery (any, the main thing is that the child can learn the time from it). While reading, playing or eating, you can put the clock on the table and draw the child's attention to what time the action began and what time it ended.
9. MORE TEAM GAMES. The school has rules that must be followed: sit at a desk, get up when the teacher allows, do not shout. Without understanding these elementary laws, it will be difficult for a child in the 1st grade. To develop in your child the ability to obey and play by the rules, use team games. Thanks to them, the child will learn that there are rules that must be followed, and that the result depends on this. Another important lesson that team games give the kid is a calm attitude towards losing.