Erythematous erosive gastropathy DGR. Treatment of Erythematous gastropathy - the essence of the pathology, causes and diagnosis. Congestive erythematous gastropathy

Any diseases associated with discomfort in the stomach and intestines cause a lot of trouble, especially when it comes to such an ailment as erythematous gastropathy. But at the same time, one should not be afraid of the too difficult medical name for this disease, considering it incurable.

The most important thing in case of any disease is to contact a specialist in time and start competent treatment. In essence, erythematous gastropathy is a chronic gastritis, named using medical terminology. A doctor who makes such a diagnosis to his patient, in any case, is obliged to immediately prescribe treatment, since with such an ailment, sometimes the days can count when one period of the disease flows into another stage, more serious and difficult to cure. Some doctors do not think that erythematous gastropathy is too frightening a diagnosis, considering it only an endoscopic finding. At the same time, signs of this type of gastropathy can be quite ambiguous and are determined solely with the help of a special study - gastroscopy.

Symptoms and Causes

Usually, the doctor makes this diagnosis, noticing certain redness of the gastric mucosa, which, in turn, should be determined in chronic gastritis.

The disease itself can be divided into two types: focal erythematous gastropathy, when inflammation occurs in a small area of the mucous membrane, and common, when most of the stomach is exposed to inflammatory processes. As for the symptoms of the disease for a person, it consists in regular stomach pains, especially after eating. At the same time, for some, painful sensations of discomfort can begin even from drinking a glass of water, while in another group of patients, chronic gastritis is possible only when using a certain food product. Much here depends directly on the stage of the disease and on the body's resistance. Symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, heaviness in the stomach, and decreased appetite are also possible.

A large number of factors can induce the development of gastropathy in the stomach, including the intake of certain medications that irritate the walls of the gastric mucosa, metabolic disorders due to the unlimited consumption of not very healthy food, as well as infection of the digestive system with various microbes or fungi that can multiply in this environment.

It should immediately be noted that the treatment of erythematous gastropathy should be carried out under the supervision of a doctor, preferably the specialist who made the diagnosis. The main way to treat such an ailment, in addition to taking certain medications, is an absolute change in lifestyle. First of all, erythematous gastropathy provides for the need to follow a diet that will contain steamed food, as well as completely exclude alcohol and smoked meats. Another bad habit that will certainly have to be sacrificed is smoking, which has a negative effect not only on the lungs, but also on

Today, various types of gastropathy in medical practice are quite common. It is believed that in one form or another, pathology is diagnosed in half of the world's population. The causes of the development of the disease can be divided into external and internal. Exogenous (that is, external) factors include:

malnutrition, which is dominated by fatty and spicy foods;
regular drinking and smoking;
infectious diseases.

Internal factors include:

long-term use of certain drugs (mainly non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs);
congestion;
trauma;
the presence of internal pathologies that lead to insufficient blood supply to the walls of the stomach;
heredity.

Additional risk factors are advanced age and the presence of chronic diseases (eg, rheumatoid arthritis). It should be noted that in women, gastroduodenopathy and any other forms develop more often, including due to hormonal problems.

To eliminate erythematous gastropathy, you need to know what factors provoke it. Let's consider them.

Clinical picture

Complaints of patients who were diagnosed with erythematous gastropathy during FEGDS directly depend on the prevalence of erythema in the stomach. The focal form of erythematous gastropathy can in most cases be asymptomatic and is detected by chance.

With diffuse lesions of the gastric mucosa, patients may have the following symptoms:

aching pain in the epigastrium, which appear or intensify after eating or drinking;
heaviness in the stomach;
nausea sometimes with vomiting, which brings relief;
belching with air or rotten;
weight loss;
fast fatiguability;
fragility and hair loss;
foliation and fragility of the nail plates;
flatulence;
intestinal colic;
constipation or diarrhea;
white or white-yellow coating on the tongue.

Types and forms

There are several classifications of this disease. Some researchers divide it only into acute and chronic forms, which differ in the duration of the course and the type of mucosal changes. There is another classification that implies certain degrees of inflammation:

1. 1st degree is characterized by minor changes in the epithelium, a decrease in the production of gastric juice.
2. 2nd degree - these are deeper pathological processes, in which cell degeneration and mucosal atrophy can begin. But this stage is reversible if treatment is started on time.

Erythematous gastropathy, that is, redness of the walls of the stomach and slight swelling, is detected only during endoscopic examination, when a special probe is inserted into the stomach and esophagus and the condition of the internal part of the stomach is assessed. In most cases, these phenomena indicate the initial stage of gastritis. There are two main forms.

Focal. Pretty common look. It is characterized by local inflammation in a small area of the gastric mucosa.
diffuse. It is expressed in the defeat of most of the mucosa in different places of the stomach.

According to the international classification, erythematous gastropathy has the ICD-10 code - K29 and belongs to gastritis or duodenitis.

Depending on the prevalence of erythema in the stomach, the following forms of gastropathy are distinguished:

focal erythematous gastropathy, which is characterized by the presence of small areas of erythema on the mucous epithelium of the stomach. This type of gastropathy rarely turns into more serious diseases, such as gastritis or an ulcer. This endoscopic syndrome can be detected after errors in the diet or taking certain medications;
diffuse form of erythematous gastropathy. With this form, erythema has a diffuse character and can capture all parts of the stomach. Untimely or inadequate therapeutic tactics threaten the transition of gastropathy to gastritis or peptic ulcer.

Also, erythematous gastropathy is divided according to the degree of inflammation, namely:

1st degree. The first degree of gastropathy has initial manifestations of lesions of the gastric mucosa without symptoms of neglect of the inflammatory process;
2nd degree. In the second degree, the inflammatory process becomes chronic, which is often observed with gastritis.

In addition, erythematous gastropathy can be divided depending on which part of the stomach is affected by erythema (cardiac, antral or fundus).

Treatment

Treatment of gastropathy should take into account the nature of the pathology and the causes of its development. In acute gastropathy, it is necessary to eliminate the damaging factor, that is, to wash the stomach, because often this disease is caused by poor-quality products and food poisoning.

It is clear that in the chronic form, washing is useless. But you need to undergo an examination to identify the presence of a bacterial infection.

If its pathogens are found, then antibiotics should be taken.

There are drugs that are taken for any form of gastropathy. These are artificial enzymes, gastrocytoprotectors, painkillers, etc. They take medications in order to reduce the production of gastric juice. These may be the so-called proton pump inhibitors - Omeprazole and its analogues. There are effective drugs that selectively block histamine H2 receptors and thereby prevent the production of hydrochloric acid. This is Ranitidine.

If bacteria are present, drugs such as Amoxicillin or Metronidazole are taken. As for gastrocytoprotectors, they protect the gastric mucosa. These are Maalox and Almagel.

Despite the fact that erythematous gastropathy does not pose a threat to life, its presence in itself is unpleasant. At the same time, getting rid of it is very simple - you just need to adjust your diet.

All unhealthy foods should be excluded from the diet: fried, pickled, smoked, very spicy and sour.

Replace it with a healthy one, that is, with foods rich in minerals and vitamins, fresh vegetables and fruits, boiled or stewed food.

One of the important factors in treatment is quitting smoking and alcohol. It is very important to observe the water regime, you need to drink more clean water, at least two liters of clean water a day, natural herbal decoctions.

No special medical treatment is required here. However, there are a few things we can recommend. Restoration of the mucosa will help drugs such as:

Gastrofarm;
Maalox;
Almagel.

Their astringent action protects the stomach and speeds up the healing process. Fairly effective folk remedies. The simplest and most affordable is the gastric collection, which is sold in any pharmacy. You should insist it, according to the instructions, and drink it.

In cases where erythema in the stomach appeared as a result of taking medications, it is necessary to inform the doctor who prescribed them. If possible, the drug will be canceled or replaced with another, safer for the stomach. But it happens that the treatment cannot be replaced by another, so the drug that caused gastropathy must be covered with a gastroprotector (Omeprazole, Rabeprazole, Pantoprazole) or an antacid (Phosphalugel, Almagel).

Be sure to stop smoking or drinking alcohol, which adversely affect the condition of the stomach. It is also necessary to avoid psycho-emotional shocks, limit physical activity, normalize sleep and rest.

With an increase in the pH of gastric juice, patients are prescribed drugs that reduce acidity, namely:

proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole, rabeprazole, pantoprazole and others);
antacids (Almagel, Phosphalugel);
bismuth preparations (Vis-Nol, De-Nol).

Also included in the treatment regimen are gastroprotectors (Gastrocepin, Gastrofarm), which protect the gastric mucosa and accelerate its recovery.

If Helicobacter pylori was detected in the stomach, then patients are shown anti-Helicobacter drugs (Metronidazole, Amoxicillin).

All medications should be prescribed exclusively by the attending doctor, since each medicine has a number of side effects and contraindications.

In difficult cases, when conservative therapy does not help, a surgical intervention may be considered, during which the affected area of \u200b\u200bthe stomach will be removed.

Effects

There are two most common complications of erythematous gastropathy: gastritis and peptic ulcer. Sometimes, if this pathology is not treated, the mucous layer of the stomach may atrophy. In turn, against the background of atrophy of the mucous membrane, a malignant tumor of the stomach may appear.

Having seen the diagnosis of erythematous gastropathy in the conclusion of FEGDS, you should not be afraid, but you also should not leave this unattended. In this case, it is recommended to consult a gastroenterologist or general practitioner. Specialists, if necessary, will conduct additional studies and give treatment recommendations that will avoid the above complications.

7 Diet

Diet for gastropathy is an essential part of therapy. It provides for maximum chemical, mechanical and thermal sparing of the stomach.

Much depends on the form of the disease. So, in acute gastropathy, treatment table No. 1a is recommended with a gradual transition to the main diet No. 1 as pain symptoms are eliminated.

In other forms, diet No. 2 is prescribed, and if gastropathy is accompanied by a violation of the stool, diet No. 3. But only a doctor can prescribe it.

The principles of dietary nutrition can be reduced to the following:

fractional nutrition: the daily volume is divided into small portions, significant breaks between meals are not allowed;
culinary processing includes boiling, steaming, during the period of exacerbation, all dishes are served in liquid or semi-liquid form, wiped;
dishes should be warm, but not hot and not cold;
the amount of proteins and fats must comply with physiological norms - this contributes to the restoration of mucosal tissues;
products that play the role of irritants for the secretory function of the stomach are excluded - these are various spices, strong meat broths, any spicy, fatty foods, canned food, fresh bakery products;
you can not eat foods rich in coarse vegetable fiber - radishes, legumes, rye bread;
the amount of salt is limited (this gives an anti-inflammatory effect).

In most forms of gastropathy, raw vegetables and fruits are prohibited. Apples can be eaten baked.

Patients who have found erythematous gastropathy should adhere to the following recommendations:

eat 5-6 times a day in small portions at regular intervals of 2.5-3 hours;
do not overeat;
give preference to gentle methods of heat treatment of the dish (steamed, boiled);
forget about spicy, salty and smoked dishes;
give up alcoholic and carbonated drinks;
exclude coffee and strong black tea from the diet;
Eat neither hot nor cold foods. The optimal food temperature corresponds to body temperature;
the daily diet must be formed from liquid cereals, lean meats, fish and poultry, jelly, non-concentrated broths, cottage cheese, eggs, jelly, soufflé, pureed soups and other foods that will not irritate the gastrointestinal mucosa.

Since erythematous gastropathy in most patients is a consequence of an unhealthy lifestyle, then to eliminate it, it will be enough to follow a diet, give up bad habits, normalize rest and work. But in any case, it is necessary to consult a specialist, since more serious diseases, such as gastritis or stomach ulcers, can be masked under the symptoms of this pathology.

Such a verdict as erythematous gastroduodenopathy sounds very menacing. As a rule, this conclusion is made based on the results of the study of the gastrointestinal tract using endoscopic equipment. There is a reasonable fear that not everything is in order with the body. This complex issue requires more detailed consideration.

Definition

It should be noted that the above diagnosis does not exist in the international classification of diseases. This term refers to a condition that is a harbinger of gastritis or duodenitis. In other words, the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum is not yet brightly inflamed, but such a danger exists. In the medical lexicon, another name for this condition is also practiced. The diagnoses of erythematous and hyperemic gastroduodenopathy are absolutely identical - they are synonyms. The term "hyperemia" means increased blood flow to the tissues.

Diagnostics

The doctor makes the above conclusion after an endoscopic examination, during which the following phenomena are found in the gastroduodenal zone:

hyperemia and swelling of the mucous membrane;
erythema, or redness;
increased secretion of mucus;
increased vulnerability of mucous membranes.

Normally, with fibrogastroduodenoscopy, the mucous membrane is pink and shiny, so the described picture should not be.

Gastroduodenopathy can be either focal, that is, localized in a certain area, or widespread, or diffuse, covering a significant area.
A frequent companion of gastroduodenopathy is superficial gastritis, which manifests itself in a similar way. An accurate differential diagnosis should be made by a doctor.

Symptoms

Symptoms of gastroduodenopathy are quite diverse. In particular, the specified problem makes itself felt as follows:

discomfort and mild pain in the epigastric region;
nausea and urge to vomit;
dyspepsia, which is difficult digestion with a feeling of heaviness, early satiety, fullness of the stomach;
loss of appetite or its absence;
white coating on the tongue, especially in the morning;
intestinal disorders, in particular constipation, diarrhea;
bloating, belching, increased gas formation;
general weakness and loss of strength.

The reasons

The causes of gastroduodenopathy are also diverse. The main factors contributing to this phenomenon include the following:

Wrong nutrition. Eating errors, in particular, spicy and fatty foods, fast food, smoked meats and pickles, can provoke discomfort during digestion and redness of the surface of the stomach. Also, snacking on the go, usually dry food, overeating, eating shortly before bedtime, is harmful to the proper functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. It is worth limiting the use of coffee and strong black tea.
Bad habits. Nicotine and ethyl alcohol cause significant irritation of the gastrointestinal mucosa.
Taking medications that can cause mucosal damage. In particular, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have such an effect. Due to their intake, a complication may develop - erosive gastropathy. There is also another name for this condition - congestive or erosive gastropathy, which is characterized by the formation of erosions and small ulcers on the mucous membrane of the gastroduodenal zone.
Useful advice. NSAIDs of the first generation, for example, Ibuprofen, Diclofenac, Aspirin, Indomethacin, have a particularly aggressive effect on the gastrointestinal tract. When purchasing NSAIDs, it is recommended to opt for the so-called selective COX-2 inhibitors. These include, for example, Movalis, Nise, Celebrex, Arcoxia.
Contribute to the development of this complication and other drugs, in particular, glucocorticosteroids (Dexamethasone, Prednisolone).
Duodenogastric reflux. This pathology is a reflux into the stomach of the contents of the duodenum, represented by pancreatic enzymes, bile acids and their salts. The cause of this phenomenon is the weakening of the pylorus tone due to chronic duodenitis or increased gas formation in the intestine. As a result of frequently repeated casts, gastropathy may develop, including with the formation of erosions.
The presence in the stomach of the pathogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori. In the course of their life, these microorganisms produce a large amount of harmful toxins that contribute to the occurrence of inflammatory processes in the gastroduodenal zone.
Nervous tension and stress. The rapid rhythm of modern life, troubles in school or at work adversely affect the state of the nervous system, which entails various malfunctions in the digestive tract. Gastroduodenopathy can become a consequence of the transferred experiences.
Additionally, some diseases can play an important role in the appearance of this problem, for example, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, problems with the cardiovascular and urinary systems, tumor processes in the gastrointestinal tract, as well as hereditary predisposition.

Therapy and prevention

Treatment of gastroduodenopathy should be primarily aimed at eliminating unpleasant symptoms and preventing the development of more serious diseases. In particular, it is recommended to follow some simple recommendations:

Compliance with the diet. To eliminate the signs of gastroduodenopathy, it is recommended to abandon the above products that irritate the gastrointestinal mucosa.
Food should be easily digestible, preferably steamed or boiled, not too hot. You should also exclude chocolate and fresh pastries from your diet for a while. Herbal teas and berry fruit drinks will bring pronounced benefits to the body.
Decoctions of medicinal plants. Treatment with decoctions of marshmallow, yarrow, chamomile and calendula inflorescences will help to quickly eliminate discomfort in the epigastric region.
Taking antacids. These drugs have the ability to reduce the level of acidity in the stomach, while enveloping and soothing the irritated mucosa.

Treatment of manifestations of gastroduodenopathy can be carried out using the following drugs:

Maalox;
Gastal;
Almagel;
Phosphalugel.

The drug Gaviscon, belonging to the group of alginates, also has a similar effect. It not only creates a protective shell on the irritated mucosa, but also contributes to its reparation.

proton pump inhibitors. Treatment with these drugs, as a rule, is prescribed in more severe cases, when gastroduodenopathy is complicated by pronounced inflammation or erosion. PPIs reduce stomach acid production for a long time, allowing the lining of the stomach to recover. The most commonly prescribed drugs include:

Omeprazole;
Pariet;
Nexium;
Sanpraz.

Drugs to improve gastrointestinal motility. They contribute to faster digestion of food, eliminate the feeling of heaviness in the stomach and prevent the occurrence of duodenogastric reflux. In this case, usually assigned:

Ganaton;
Motilium.

In the event that gastroduodenopathy has arisen due to infection with the bacterium Helicobacter Pylori, the appointment of the drug De-Nol, as well as certain antibiotics, is additionally recommended.

In conclusion, it should be noted that the exact treatment regimen for gastroduodenopathy should be prescribed by a gastroenterologist based on the symptoms and disorders that have arisen.

Exclusively all diseases of the digestive tract fall under the general medical term "gastropathy". Erythematous gastropathy, despite its frightening name, implies the initial stage of inflammation of the gastric mucosa.

Focal redness of the mucous surface is determined as a result of endoscopic examination, when it becomes necessary to confirm any gastroenterological diagnosis in diseases of the digestive system. Thus, patients should understand that erythematous gastropathy is just a type of morphological change in the human stomach.

Endoscopy of the gastric mucosa in erythematous gastropathy

Obviously, before treating the antrum of the stomach, it is necessary to determine the causal factor in the occurrence of erythematous gastropathy. There are several clinical versions of the development of a gastroenterological problem.

In most cases, redness of the mucous membrane is associated with the negative impact of external factors:

Considering the causes of erythematous gastropathy, one should take into account a possible hereditary predisposition. As a rule, even if one of the closest relatives suffers from a similar form of inflammation of the stomach, this means that erythematous gastropathy is nothing more than a family diagnosis.

In addition, there are etiological prerequisites for redness of the mucous surface, for example,,, others and the stomach.

Symptoms and signs of inflammation of the gastric mucosa

In endoscopic examination, redness of the mucous layer, as a rule, indicates the initial signs of catarrhal gastritis. Most often, this situation is accompanied by the following symptoms and signs:

heaviness and pain in the stomach;
loss of appetite;
frequent vomiting;
nausea;
weight loss;
lethargy and general weakness of the body.

Similar symptoms are characteristic of most diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. So that the problem of erythematous gastropathy does not develop into a chronic form with a subsequent complication - or, urgent therapeutic treatment is necessary.

Classification of erythematous gastropathy

There are several forms of inflammatory reaction, covering both small areas of the gastric mucosa lining, and those with a wider superficial distribution. Diagnosis of erythematous gastropathy determines the following types of inflammation of the gastric mucosa:

erosive form;
congestive duodenopathy;
with focal atrophy;
against the background of duodenogastric reflux;
erytomatous gastropathy of mild to moderate degree.

High-quality and timely treatment can eliminate the problem at an early stage of inflammation of the stomach.

Complex treatment

To get rid of erythematous gastropathy, you should reconsider your diet, eliminating heavy food for the stomach. In most cases, changing the diet will help to quickly restore the gastric tract.

Experts recommend the use of fractional easily digestible food, which allows the stomach to digest food faster. The optimal portion should not exceed 350 grams of food. You must also follow the following dietary recommendations:

The temperature of the food consumed should be at least 40 degrees. This will provide a gentle regimen for the stomach. Too cold or hot food will irritate the mucous surface.
Of course, you need to abandon the consumption of fatty, spicy, fried and salty foods. All food products must undergo high-quality heat treatment.
Gastronomic preferences should be given to complex carbohydrates, which are contained in sufficient quantities in buckwheat, rice or wheat porridge.
It is recommended to include fresh vegetables and fruits in your daily diet.

Protein is an essential ingredient of the dinner table, which is found in lean meat, fish, egg white, nuts, cottage cheese, legumes. Forget about smoking and drinking alcohol. Following the diet recommended by the doctor, you can observe the positive dynamics of recovery in a few days.

However, each individual case should be considered on an individual basis, since gender, age and physical condition of the patient are important. It is possible that the doctor will recommend not only a diet, but also pharmacotherapy, and treatment of erythematous gastropathy with folk remedies.

Medical treatment

Medicines will help restore the health of the gastric mucosa. The most effective in this type of disease - Gastrofarm® and Gastrocepin®.

These drugs have a protective effect on the mucous membrane of not only the stomach, but also the intestines. Gastrofarm® contains biologically active additives - lactic, malic, nucleic acid, polypeptides and polysaccharides, which will provide the digestive organs with a protective effect, thereby restoring regeneration in the stomach and duodenum. A high protein dosage form will provide antacid and analgesic effects. The recommended dosage is determined by the attending physician.

Gastrocepin® from the German manufacturer BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM INTERNATIONAL GmbH, contains the active ingredient - pirenzepine, which actively reduces the formation of sulfuric acid and increases the pH level in the stomach. The dosage form has certain contraindications for use. Therefore, the maximum allowable daily dose of the drug is determined by the consulting gastroenterologist.

Alternative treatment

Therapy at home should be agreed with the doctor. Basically, if there is no allergic reaction to natural ingredients, then experts advise drinking medicinal herbal infusions and decoctions. However, the level of acidity must be taken into account. characterized by frequent and severe heartburn, can be treated with infusion of birch bark. The crushed natural ingredient (2 tablespoons) is poured into 400 ml of boiling water and infused for 2.5-3 hours in a warm place. Homemade medicine is taken in half a glass 3 times a day. The course of treatment is 10-14 days.

Reduced acidity of the stomach responds with nausea and unpleasant rotten belching.
An effective alternative treatment can be cabbage juice, ½ cup 3-4 times a day. The course of treatment is 7-10 days.

Forecast and prevention

The most extreme measure of neglected erythematous gastropathy is surgical treatment, the so-called resection of the stomach. With the right tactics of treatment with medication and folk remedies at an early stage of inflammation, the prognosis is always favorable. Therapeutic prevention of erythematous gastropathy consists in a balanced diet and timely treatment. If you neglect the advice of a doctor, then a possible chain reaction: gastritis - ulcer - cancer. Take care of yourself and be always healthy!

If you think about it, then all the people on the planet have had or have problems with digestion. Many do not even realize that a bomb “ripens” in their body. Improper nutrition, non-compliance with diet and regimen, carelessness in cooking or too eccentric taste preferences may not work out in the future from the best side.

All the results of the inflammatory process in the stomach can be divided into two categories. These are familiar to all gastritis and gastropathy. With gastritis, the gastric mucosa is affected, erosion and minor ulceration are visible on it. In this case, a person experiences discomfort after eating too spicy, hot or cold food. Everyone at least once in his life came across him, especially at a time when he was young and lived separately from his parents.

With gastropathy, no significant changes in the gastric mucosa occur. It shows small areas of inflammation - and nothing more. However, this prosperity is deceptive. There is still damage at the cellular level. Epithelial cells are destroyed, and their recovery is slow compared to the norm.

Congestive gastropathy is called a violation of the motility of the stomach and its passage through the digestive canal up to the small intestine.

Treatment of pathology includes drug therapy, taking vitamins, a certain diet, and giving up bad habits. It is also recommended to lead a healthy lifestyle, including walks in the fresh air.

Prevalence

Doctors around the world register diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, and then summarize the information received into general statistics in order to know what measures to take to limit the incidence.

Congestive gastropathy is a fairly common pathological process, even against the background of other nosologies. It occurs not only against the background of malnutrition, but also when taking certain medications, after prolonged stress, as well as due to accidents and as a complication of other somatic diseases.

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More than a quarter of patients taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs note stomach pains, the percentage of gastropathy after burns, injuries and surgical interventions already reaches eighty. Cirrhosis of the liver and hypertension also contribute to the overall "cauldron". And given that patients either do not pay attention to the symptoms, or hide them from their doctor, the statistics are greatly underestimated.

Etiology

Congestive gastropathy is caused by frequent and uncontrolled use of non-selective NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). They are often prescribed, as they have several positive effects at once: they reduce inflammation, reduce temperature and swelling, and relieve pain. But patients must adhere to certain conditions that they often ignore or consider unimportant.

The second cause of gastropathy can be called diseases of other systems and organs:

pancreatic tumor;
cirrhosis of the liver;
portal hypertension.

The next in the ranking are accidents associated with the use of chemically active substances. In fourth place is permanent stress and head injuries. And only at the end of the list do gastrointestinal diseases appear, such as reflux of bile or intestinal contents back into the stomach, antiperistalsis.

Risk factors

Congestive gastropathy does not occur from scratch. It is always accompanied by actions or conditions that aggravate or provoke the action of the etiological factor.

These include:

frequent use of alcohol;
long smoking experience;
over sixty years of age;
the presence of chronic diseases;
the presence in the stomach of Helicobacter pylori (a microorganism that causes one of the types of gastritis);
ulcer;
prolonged uncontrolled medication.

Some of these factors a person is not able to control, but in order for the disease to develop, it is necessary to have a combination of two or three items from the list.

Pathogenesis

Coarse, hot or spicy food in large quantities enters the stomach, which is not able to cope with such a volume of work. Because of this, the area of the mucous layer increases, more folds appear, they become taller and thicker. Microcirculation and vascular permeability increase, more mucus and hydrochloric acid are produced. The body is trying to cope with overload.

The antrum of the stomach is overstretched, which leads to a loose closure of the sphincter between the stomach and duodenum. Because of this, the contents of the small intestine, along with bile and pancreatic enzymes, enter the stomach, causing burns and atrophy of the mucosa. This further complicates the process of digestion.

Symptoms

How does congestive gastropathy manifest itself? Symptoms may appear much later than the onset of the disease itself. This is due to the fact that it takes time for the formation of gastropathy, and at first a person does not notice any uncomfortable changes in the body.

In a later period, the whole set of dyspeptic phenomena manifests itself:

nausea with vomiting, heartburn;
decrease or lack of appetite;
weakness;
feeling of heaviness in the stomach, pain when pressed;
belching and the appearance of a yellow coating on the tongue.

In advanced cases, when the patient stubbornly ignores the symptoms, gastropathy can manifest as a clinic of gastric bleeding.

Forms

Morphologically, two forms of congestive gastropathy are distinguished - this is a mild and severe degree. With a mild course, a mosaic pattern of folds and pathologically dilated vessels is found on the mucosa. In severe cases, in addition, there are still hemorrhages and inflammatory spots.

There is also gastropathy, which affects only the antrum of the stomach. It is located on the border with the duodenum, and the first is affected by chyme reflux. When stagnant processes appear in the stomach, the passage of food through the antrum slows down, which leads to souring or fermentation of food. This increases the acidity of the environment and damages the mucous membrane. A person feels pain at night, heartburn, nausea and vomiting.

Focal gastropathy is manifested by areas of redness against the background of gastrically altered gastric mucosa. Ulcers may appear in these places over time.

Diagnostics

Gastropathy of the stomach has no specific symptoms. It imitates several diseases of the gastrointestinal tract at once, therefore, at first glance, even the most experienced doctor is not able to understand what exactly the problem is.

It all starts with a survey, establishing the time of onset of the first symptoms and collecting complaints. Then comes the examination and laboratory-instrumental diagnostics. First of all, the doctor prescribes a general and detailed blood test, biochemical tests, bacteriological examination of the gastric environment to detect Helicobacter pylori. Characteristic signs are a decrease in hemoglobin and platelet levels.

Fibrogastroscopy is the gold standard in the diagnosis of gastropathy. It allows not only to examine the mucous membrane, but also to take material for histological examination. A biopsy is taken from pathologically altered areas of the stomach.

If required, the patient undergoes sonography of the abdominal organs, radiography, CT or MRI.

Complications

Congestive gastropathy in the antrum has a tendency to complications. The most common of them include bleeding from pathologically altered vessels of the stomach. Sometimes, this is a late and only symptom of the disease. More than half of patients with a diagnosis of "gastropathy" on fibrogastroscopy reveal ulcers, erosions and perforations.

The most dangerous complication is the development of a tumor process on the gastric mucosa. Since the process of mucosal restoration is disrupted, and the protective system of the organ is working “for wear”, uncontrolled cell growth may occur against the background of inflammation.

Differential Diagnosis

Congestive gastropathy is an extremely difficult diagnosis, despite the apparent abundance of symptoms. Since it mimics other nosological forms found in the gastrointestinal tract. The most common among them are gastritis, gastric or duodenal ulcer, pyloric stenosis, antral sphincter insufficiency, reflux disease and other more exotic diseases.

In order to make the right choice, the doctor prescribes fibrogastroduodenoscopy, bacterial examination, biopsy and other tests. Excluding all other options, only congestive gastropathy remains.

Treatment

What can be done to a patient with a diagnosis of "congestive gastropathy"? Treatment begins with the identification of the etiological factor and its elimination. If the lesion of the intestinal tube is secondary, then it is advisable to direct all efforts to cure the primary pathology.

Proton pump inhibitors, histamine receptor blockers, antacids, antibiotics, and drugs that improve microcirculation are used to directly relieve the symptoms of gastropathy. The main task of the doctor is to choose such a combination of drugs that would multiply their positive effects and neutralize each other's side effects.

The role of maintenance therapy should not be underestimated. The patient must be prescribed vitamins of group B, especially B12, since in case of disruption of the gastrointestinal tract, its amount decreases sharply. In addition, it is advisable to take vitamins C and K. In addition, the patient is advised to walk more in the fresh air, do gymnastics and strengthen the abdominal muscles and diaphragm.

Nutrition for congestive gastropathy

For successful treatment, you must follow a diet. And this thesis should be firmly rooted in the patient's head, because the entire effect of drug treatment will come to naught if the person, at the first signs of improvement, returns to old eating habits.

Foods that irritate the mucous membrane will be excluded from the diet: too hot food, spicy, smoked, salty and pickled. Food should be taken fractionally, in small portions with breaks of two to three hours.