Vaccination against papillomavirus infection age. HPV vaccination in the presence of the virus for women. How is the human papillomavirus vaccination administered?

The human papillomavirus is found in the basal layers of the epidermis. However, it is able to actively multiply on the surface of the skin. In the course of its distribution, it manages to negatively affect healthy cells. As a result of the pathological process, benign growths appear on the skin. Vaccination against the human papillomavirus helps to prevent this.

The basis of the agent that is introduced into the human body during vaccination is the artificially synthesized papilloma virus. Due to its entry into the body, intensive production of immunity begins, which prevents the development of the disease. We can confidently say that the vaccine blocks the infection. It is also used to prevent virus infection. After the introduction of a special agent, immunity persists for a long time. The duration of its action is often calculated in years.

If a person is already a carrier of the virus, then it is undesirable for him to be vaccinated. In his case, it will not bring any benefit. It is possible that the vaccine will cause negative reactions in the patient. Doctors recommend that people get vaccinated before entering into an intimate relationship. This is due to the fact that many of them become infected during intimacy with a partner who is sick with HPV.

At the moment, there are two main types of vaccines that prevent infection with the human papillomavirus. They protect people from a disease that can lead to the development of a cancerous tumor in the internal organs of the reproductive and other systems. Doctors may suggest vaccinations by:

Gardasil. The action of the vaccine is aimed at developing a sufficiently strong immunity that protects the body from four types of virus, namely 6, 11, 16 and 18. It is produced by a Dutch manufacturer;
Cervarix. The vaccine protects against the papillomavirus of two types: 16 and 18. It is produced in Belgium.

Cervarix - HPV vaccine made in Belgium

Most often, the first vaccination is used. This drug is more studied than the second remedy. In addition, sometimes it is allowed to be introduced into the body of pregnant women if they do not have health problems. Breastfeeding is not always considered as a contraindication for this medical procedure.

Both drugs do not contain the DNA of the causative agent of a common infection. The effect of these vaccinations is entirely based on the proteins of the virus envelopes. They cause the immune system to activate and produce special antibodies. If a person who has been vaccinated comes into contact with an infected person, then the newly formed elements will certainly protect him from infection.

The human papillomavirus vaccine is very safe. It is due to the absence of the genetic material of the pathogen in the preparation. Therefore, the risk of developing an infection immediately after vaccination is reduced to a minimum mark. So people can safely agree to this procedure without fear for their own health. The vaccine also contains antibiotics and preservatives that do not protect a person from infection.

Existing vaccines are considered sterile. The drug goes on sale in disposable syringes or special vials with a capacity of 0.5 ml. It is desirable to store it in a cool place at a temperature of 2-8 degrees above zero. If the suspension is frozen, it will immediately become unsuitable for further use. Indeed, due to the critically low temperature, the beneficial properties of vaccinations completely disappear.

Laboratory studies confirm the effectiveness of both vaccines. They showed a high level of protective function.

Vaccines are suitable for administration to both women and men. However, they are more in demand among the female population. This is because papilloma can easily be transmitted from mother to child during childbirth. To prevent this trouble, women agree to vaccination.

Many people are convinced that after immunization they will be able to recover from a progressive papillomavirus. In fact, this is a big misconception. Vaccination does not affect the treatment of the disease in any way. It is intended solely for the prevention of infection.

For the vaccine to work, you need to know a few important nuances that are relevant to this procedure:

Drugs should be given to people who are not yet 26 years old. Ideally, vaccines should be given during adolescence between 10 and 13 years of age. Doctors advise vaccinating girls under 12 years of age. They did not just choose this particular age category. The fact is that at such a young age, adolescents do not yet have a sexual life. Therefore, they have a minimal risk of contracting papilloma under other circumstances. In addition, the young body responds more adequately to the active substances of the drug. Due to this, a lasting effect is achieved for many years;

You need to get vaccinated in adolescence 10-13 years

Before vaccinating girls and boys under 26 years old, it is necessary to assign them a number of important tests. Thanks to this, it is possible to find out whether this or that strain of the papillomavirus is present in the human body. If he is infected, then the vaccine should not be done;

In some cases, vaccination of women and men up to 35 years is allowed. Recent studies have helped doctors find out that the use of vaccinations against the background of infection contributes to their cure. But this is more the exception than the rule.

If a person is in doubt whether it is worth getting vaccinated against the papillomavirus or not, he should consult a specialist for advice on this matter. He will be able to tell the patient who came to the reception the correct answer to this exciting question.

How to administer the HPV vaccine

Whatever the vaccine against the human papillomavirus is chosen, in any case, it should be administered intramuscularly. This is a mandatory rule that cannot be neglected. This method of administration is considered the most optimal, since it does not allow the drug to immediately enter the bloodstream. Its entry into the biological fluid occurs in parts. Due to the gradual action of the immune system, it is possible to release the right amount of antibodies in a timely manner.

The injection with the means by which the vaccination is carried out is done in the thigh or shoulder. This is because it is in these places that there is a developed muscle layer and a minimum amount of fat. This structure contributes to good absorption of the drug. If you carry out the introduction of funds into a vein, then there will be a rapid flow of active substances into the body. The immune system will begin to work in an accelerated mode, which will cause the destruction of antigens and the poor formation of the necessary antibodies.

HPV vaccine schedule

The vaccine against the papillomavirus is given to a person whose age is within the recommended, according to a clearly developed scheme. Full formation of immunity is achieved with the introduction of three doses of the selected drug for vaccination.

The specialist uses a standard scheme for conducting a medical procedure:

If the option of vaccination with Gardasil was chosen, then the 0-2-6 scheme is used. The first dose of the drug is administered at the time of the patient's visit to the doctor. The second - after 2 months. The third dose should be administered 6 months after the first vaccination;
If preference was given to Cervarix, then the 0-1-6 scheme is used. Its essence is the same as in the first case. The only difference is that the second dose of the drug is administered to the patient a month after the first.

HPV vaccination: features and rules of vaccination

There is an additional method of accelerated vaccination. In this case, the specialist will adhere to the scheme 0-1-3 for the first drug and 0-1-2.5 for the second.

It is not so rare that patients do not have the opportunity to turn to a specialist for a second or third vaccination in time. If this happens, then there is no need to start vaccination from the first step. The second injection is given at the moment when this one is convenient for the patient. The latter in this case is recommended to be done after 4-5 months. The exact timing of vaccination depends on the selected drug.

Stable immunity against the virus is formed after the second injection. The third vaccination against papilloma allows you to consolidate the achieved result.

Contraindications for vaccination

A person receives permission for vaccination only after passing an examination by an immunologist and a therapist. Before the procedure itself, the presence of the virus in the patient's body is necessarily checked. Attention is also drawn to the contraindications that a person may have. The vaccine will not be given under the following circumstances:

Prolonged and pronounced development of the human papillomavirus. In this case, it is best to vaccinate after the patient has recovered. Vaccination is allowed only with a mild form of the disease;
Hypersensitivity to vaccination preparations. Because of it, a person has a tendency to develop an allergic reaction to the administered agent;
Infectious diseases that are in an exacerbated form. This category also includes pathologies of internal organs of a chronic type;
Pregnancy. During childbearing, women are rarely vaccinated against the human papillomavirus. This is because doctors do not have enough information about the safety of drugs for the fetus. It is also undesirable to be vaccinated during breastfeeding.

The age of the patient who wants to protect himself from viral infection is sometimes added to contraindications. As mentioned earlier, this procedure is not recommended for people over 26 years of age.

Side effects after the vaccine

Preparations specially designed for vaccination against the human papillomavirus must have undergone special testing in laboratory and clinical conditions. Therefore, their safety is guaranteed proven. However, in rare cases, vaccines can cause side effects that reduce a person's quality of life.

Rarely, HPV vaccines can cause side effects.

After injection, the following reactions occur:

Soreness at the injection site;
Increased body temperature and muscle pain;
Redness and swelling in the place where the vaccine was introduced;
Enlarged lymph nodes;
The appearance of symptoms that are characteristic of the common cold.

Specialists reassure patients that they should not worry about the occurrence of these side effects. Usually they disappear after a couple of hours after the appearance.

The symptoms that fall into the following list are not normal conditions for a person after vaccination. Now we are talking about such signs of malaise:

The appearance of a severe rash on the skin, which becomes blotchy and itchy;
The development of edema in different parts of the body;
Labored breathing;
Great weakness in the body and dizziness.

If alarming symptoms are detected, it is urgent to call an ambulance. Ignoring them can cause serious complications that will cause a severe deterioration in health.

The effectiveness of vaccination against papillomavirus

Doctors were not only studying the contraindications and side effects of the human papillomavirus vaccine, but also trying to find out its effectiveness in preventing infection with an infectious disease. In the course of their research, they revealed the following data. The minimum effectiveness of vaccination on average equates to 8 years. At the same time, the probability of developing papilloma is almost zero, which is very important.

Also, experts say with confidence that the vaccines offered to the population are completely safe for their health, if a person has no contraindications. They may well be used to vaccinate a population group that has already become infected with the papillomavirus. In this case, the vaccine will protect the carrier from other infectious lesions that may occur against the background of this disease.

Doctors say HPV vaccines are completely safe for health

Places of vaccination and the cost of the procedure

If desired, a person can contact the following institutions in which they make an injection:

District clinics;
Oncology department hospitals;
vaccination centers;
Departments of gynecology;
Private medical organizations that can provide a license to provide this service.

The cost of a vaccine that protects the body from infection with the human papillomavirus depends on the choice of drug and the region where it is carried out. The mark-up of the medical institution involved in vaccinating the population is also taken into account.

For an injection of Gardasil, the patient must pay 5000-8000 rubles. Cervarix is considered a cheaper drug. Its cost is in the range of 3000-6000 rubles. These suspensions are purchased at the same price from a company that manufactures developed grafting agents.

Vaccines against the papillomavirus have long ceased to be something new. Every year, thousands agree to be vaccinated against a common disease. Vaccination has already proved its effectiveness. Therefore, every year the number of patients who wish to protect themselves from papilloma increases.

First vaccination for girls
having an effect
Contraindications and possible complications
Pregnancy and vaccination
Side effects
Who is recommended to undergo the procedure?
What is the cost of the procedure and where can it be done?

A person needs a vaccine against papillomavirus. This is especially true for the female population. The woman's immunity is somewhat weaker and susceptible to the development of the virus. In addition, the virus can cause serious diseases such as cervical cancer and other diseases associated with papillomavirus. Therefore, it is for women that it is so necessary to carry out a vaccination that can develop long-term immunity from the human papillomavirus.

First vaccination for girls

In women, HPV can cause cervical cancer. Therefore, girls of pubertal age, at 11-12 years old, should be routinely vaccinated against HPV. This is justified by the fact that at the age of 15-16 girls have their first sexual contact. You can get vaccinated at any specialized clinic. The human papillomavirus is the most commonly transmitted sexually. Therefore, the first vaccination in women should occur at the age before the first sexual contact. The vaccine against papillomavirus is able with an absolute guarantee to prevent the development of HPV, the appearance of peaked. Round vaccination in women should occur between the ages of 13 and 26, and includes three stages:

First vaccination;
Two months later, the second vaccine;
Six months later, the third vaccine.

It should be remembered that if the human papillomavirus is already present in the woman's body at the time of vaccination, preventive measures in the form of vaccination cannot prevent all diseases caused by its presence, since the vaccine is directed against the four main strains of the disease, and does not prevent complications caused by others. virus strains. Therefore, even vaccinated women should undergo regular examinations by doctors: an oncologist, an immunologist and a gynecologist.

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having an effect

The human papillomavirus includes more than a hundred varieties of infectious diseases and viruses, including papillomaviruses of high oncogenic risk. The vaccine contains an artificial papillomavirus, thanks to which the body develops immunity against several major strains of the virus. Of these, two strains overwhelmingly cause the development of genital warts in men and women, the other two in 70% provoke the development of cervical cancer.

The vaccine against papillomavirus is able not only to guarantee the development of infection in the body, but also to effectively prevent serious diseases that are caused by HPV of the oncogenic type. Vaccination against papillomavirus creates long-term immunity in the body. Protection against the virus is measured in decades, akin to hepatitis B vaccination.

It must be remembered that with a virus already existing in the body, the vaccine will not only not work, but may also be contraindicated in some cases. Since the papilloma virus is transmitted primarily through sexual contact, vaccination is recommended before the onset of sexual activity. If a woman has not been vaccinated, but is already sexually active, she must pass before vaccination. After that, it will be decided whether you need to get vaccinated.

If the virus is absent in the body, vaccination is allowed and indicated. In modern Russian medicine, mandatory preventive vaccination against papillomavirus is not provided, but in the EU and the USA this measure has long been mandatory and is included in national immunization programs. In Russia, any woman can go through it on her own, as prescribed by a doctor or at her own request.

The most common papillomavirus vaccine, Gardasil, produced in the UK, can be used in women and men up to 45 years of age, and has no contraindications in the presence of an existing virus in the patient's body. It is recommended to get vaccinated so that the papilloma virus does not cause problems and is suppressed by the human immune system.

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Contraindications and possible complications

The human papillomavirus vaccine is administered intramuscularly. Before getting vaccinated, a face-to-face consultation with an immunologist and a family doctor is necessary. It is necessary to take tests for HPV to make sure that the disease does not occur in the body at the time of vaccination planning. Only a doctor is required to prescribe a vaccination!

Human papillomavirus - magnified illustration

If a person is infected with papillomavirus at the time of vaccination, but his illness is mild or develops at an early stage, he can be vaccinated. In the case of a neglected and prolonged course of the disease, it is not possible to be vaccinated against papillomavirus until a complete cure through antiviral and immunoboosting drugs. As a result of complete recovery, the person can be vaccinated.
Vaccination against the human papillomavirus is contraindicated and for people with hypersensitivity, prone to allergic reactions to any of the components that the vaccine contains. Among them may be baker's yeast and yeast-like fungi. If a person is allergic, before being vaccinated, he needs to inform the therapist about the presence of allergic reactions to medications. Those who have had a reaction to the first dose of the administered drug also have absolute contraindications.
Vaccination is not carried out if a person at its time has infectious diseases in the acute stage, chronic organ pathologies. Acute respiratory viral diseases are not a contraindication to vaccination.
Women prone to anaphylactic reactions should notify their doctor. The doctor, in turn, must examine the patient's medical record in detail for previous reactions to vaccines, and conduct a clinical examination. The treatment room should be equipped with anti-shock therapy devices. In order to avoid severe allergic reactions and anaphylactic shock, a patient prone to such pathologies must be under medical supervision for at least half an hour after vaccination.

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Pregnancy and vaccination

Due to the lack of special studies on the effects of the vaccine on pregnant women, the period of pregnancy is a contraindication to vaccination. Animal studies of HPV have not shown a negative effect on offspring; vaccination is not recommended for pregnant women, since antibodies to vaccine antigens may be excreted in breast milk. If a woman finds out she is pregnant at the time of the primary or secondary vaccination, vaccination against the human papillomavirus should be immediately canceled before the end of gestation and the birth of the child.

Regarding the lactation period in women, the opinions of doctors are divided. Officially, breastfeeding is not an absolute direct contraindication to papillomavirus vaccination, but some doctors do not recommend the administration of Gardasil and Cervirax to nursing mothers, unless the therapeutic benefit outweighs the possible risks. A woman vaccinated with Cervirax during lactation should interrupt feeding for at least a few days.

HPV vaccination can be combined with hepatitis B vaccine, there are no contraindications for combining these drugs. No studies have been conducted on other vaccines; the papillomavirus vaccine does not contain components that could adversely affect the safety and effectiveness of other vaccination medications. Despite this, before vaccination against the human papillomavirus, you should inform the therapist about the vaccination with another vaccine, and about taking medications at the time of vaccination.

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Side effects

Complications in patients after or Cervirax were not observed. Like any vaccine, or conventional medications, the papillomavirus vaccine in some cases can cause allergic and anaphylactic reactions. Patients predisposed to them should be extremely careful and without fail inform the doctor about the presence of allergic reactions, especially to drugs and their components. There have been no cases of overdose with HPV vaccines.

As with any other inactivated vaccines, minor adverse reactions may occur in the patient after vaccination against the human papillomavirus. There is redness, a slight swelling and induration, pain, or, conversely, a decrease in sensitivity at the injection site. There are frequent cases of general malaise after the introduction of the vaccine, including a slight increase in temperature (up to 38C), fever, chills. More serious side effects include complications from the CNS.

In vaccinated people, quite often there is a rather severe headache, a feeling of fatigue and apathy, dizziness. On the part of the digestive tract, there may be such consequences as vomiting and nausea, diarrhea, pain localized in the epigastric region, and short-term disturbances in the functioning of the intestine. Myalgia (muscle pain) is common. In young women, after the injection, a vasodepressor reaction (fainting) may occur. Therefore, after applying the vaccine, the patient is advised to rest for 15-20 minutes.

Vaccination against the human papillomavirus, contrary to popular rumors and myths, does not pose any health hazard, especially from the development of papillomavirus, but there is a possibility of infertility! The components of the vaccine are genetically modified, do not contain active genetic viral material and cannot contribute to infection with the virus and the development of the disease. There is no risk of developing oncological diseases against the background of the introduction of the vaccine.

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girl vaccination procedure

Vaccination is recommended for women up to 26 years of age. Studies of the older age group do not provide demonstrative results in terms of the safety and effectiveness of the vaccination course. Vaccination is most recommended for girls who have not previously had sexual intercourse. This is not the only advantage - immunity to HPV in girls from 10 to 12 years old is twice as strong as in older girls and women.

Immunity to the virus after the introduction of the drug persists for at least 6 years, based on medical observations. The question of vaccination of boys and men at the moment remains open. In Western countries, boys and young men are required to be vaccinated along with women. This allows you to prevent the penetration of the virus of papillomas and genital warts into the body, reduces the risk of infection of women by men. Preparations for vaccination against papillomavirus are aimed at increasing immunity to.

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What is the cost of the procedure and where can it be done?

Vaccination is not included in the preventive vaccination calendar in Russia due to its relatively high cost. The duration of the vaccination course is usually 6 months, but if the patient for some reason missed the second or third injection, it is done immediately, as soon as possible. Vaccination is considered completed if the drug has been administered completely throughout the year.

The price for a full course of vaccination in Moscow and the Moscow region is 13-15 thousand rubles, depending on the manufacturer of the vaccine and the location of the procedure. The vaccine significantly reduces the chance of a “bad” HPV, so it is recommended to get vaccinated.

You can get vaccinated for yourself or your child by contacting a general practitioner at a polyclinic at the place of residence for advice and referral. If vaccination on the territory of the clinic becomes impossible due to lack of the drug or for other reasons, you should contact a specialized vaccination center, which is present in any major city. You can go to a private clinic with a desire to get vaccinated. The cost in such institutions will be higher, but the end always justifies the means.

Attention: the vaccine can cause infertility! It is not recommended to use this tool in the fight against HPV.

Comments

Megan92 () 2 weeks ago

And did anyone manage to get rid of armpit papillomas? They really bother me a lot, especially when you're sweating.

Daria () 2 weeks ago

I have already tried so many things and only after reading this article, I was able to get rid of armpit papillomas (and very budgetary).

P.S. Only now I myself am from the city and we did not find it for sale, I ordered it via the Internet.

Megan92 () 13 days ago

Daria () 12 days ago

megan92, so I wrote in my first comment) I will duplicate it just in case - link to article.

Sonya 10 days ago

Isn't this a divorce? Why sell online?

Yulek26 (Tver) 10 days ago

Sonya, what country do you live in? They sell on the Internet, because shops and pharmacies set their markup brutal. In addition, payment is only after receipt, that is, they first looked, checked and only then paid. And now everything is sold on the Internet - from clothes to TVs and furniture.

Editorial response 10 days ago

Sonya, hello. This drug for the treatment of papillomavirus infection is really not sold through the pharmacy network and retail stores in order to avoid overpricing. Currently, you can only order official website. Be healthy!

Sonya 10 days ago

Sorry, I didn't notice at first the information about the cash on delivery. Then everything is in order for sure, if the payment is upon receipt.

Margo (Ulyanovsk) 8 days ago

Has anyone tried folk methods to get rid of warts and papillomas?

Andrew a week ago

I tried to burn a wart on my head with vinegar. The wart really disappeared, only in its place there was such a burn that the finger hurt for another month. And the most annoying thing is that after a month and a half, two more warts popped up nearby ((

Ekaterina a week ago

I tried to burn papilloma with celandine - it didn’t help, it only turned black and became so scary (((

To date, 2 vaccines have been developed, studied and widely introduced that protect against (HPV):

Gardasil(protects against HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18) and
Cervarix(protects against HPV types 16 and 18).

A vaccine protecting against 9 types of HPV has been registered in the United States, but it is not yet available in Russia.

Let me remind you that they are the cause of 70% of all cases of cervical cancer (CC), and lead to the formation of anogenital warts (genital warts, papillomas).

Both vaccines do not contain the virus itself (neither live nor dead), and therefore infection with HPV as a result of vaccination impossible.

The vaccine prevents infection with HPV types 16 and 18, thus preventing the development of cervical cancer associated with these types. That is, this vaccine is not “for cancer”, but for HPV, which causes cervical cancer.

Who needs vaccination and when?

HPV vaccination is not included in the national immunization schedule. Several pilot studies have been conducted in which girls were vaccinated free of charge, but no such projects are currently underway. In this regard, unfortunately, vaccination is possible only at your own expense.

It is optimal for girls to be vaccinated before the onset of sexual activity (at the age of 9-13), when they could not yet meet the virus.

Perhaps later vaccination (after the onset of sexual activity). It is recommended to vaccinate girls and women up to 25 years of age, however one of the vaccines (Gardasil) is approved for women up to 45 years of age. Vaccination is possible regardless of whether a woman is infected with one of the types of HPV or not. Vaccination will not get rid of an existing virus, but it will protect against future infection with other types. For example, if a patient is infected with HPV type 16, vaccination will protect against possible infection with HPV types 18, 6 and 11 in the future.

In some countries, boys 9-26 years of age are vaccinated to prevent infection with HPV types 6 and 11 (Gardasil), the spread of types 16 and 18, as well as protection against other forms of cancer (rectal cancer, penis cancer, etc.).

Vaccination schedule

Gardasil given on a 0-2-6 schedule (first dose of vaccine - second dose 2 months later - third dose 6 months after first dose), an accelerated 0-1-4 schedule is also available.
Cervarix is entered according to the scheme 0-1-6.

There may be deviations in the vaccination schedule in case of an acute illness of the patient (the full course of vaccination must be completed within 12 months).

Effectiveness of vaccination

Both vaccines are highly effective in preventing precancerous conditions and cancers associated with HPV types 16 and 18 (if the girl was not infected with HPV, and the vaccination was carried out before the age of 25, the effectiveness of the vaccine against precancer and cervical cancer is 98-100% ).

Gardasil, in addition to protecting against types 16 and 18, it prevents infection with types 6 and 11, that is, it protects against the appearance.
Cervarix it also leads to the formation of "cross protection" from 31 and 45 types of HPV (these types also apply to, in total 16, 18, 31 and 45 types of HPV are responsible for 85% of all cases of cervical cancer).

Studies have shown that the effectiveness of Cervarix vaccination against precancer was 93% (in total, and not just precancer caused by HPV types 16 and 18). Thus, Cervarix "better" protects against cervical cancer, while Gardasil provides protection against both the types that lead to the development of cervical cancer and the types that lead to the appearance of genital papillomas.

If I am vaccinated, am I 100% protected from cervical cancer?

No, unfortunately there are other types of virus that can lead to cervical cancer. However, when vaccinated in girls who have not previously encountered HPV, the effectiveness of the vaccine against precancer and cancer is 65-100% (100% obtained for the Cervarix vaccine against cervical cancer caused by any type of virus). When vaccinating women infected with any of the types of HPV, the effectiveness, of course, is lower, but reaches 77% (for cervical cancer, for precancerous lesions, the effectiveness is lower).

If I am vaccinated against HPV, can I not have regular check-ups?

No, regular examinations are necessary! CC can be caused by types that the vaccine does not protect against. Only the combined use of the vaccine and regular examinations (once every 3 years is enough) can reduce the incidence of cervical cancer. Under these two conditions, the incidence of cervical cancer is reduced by 94%.

Effect Duration

Protection after vaccination does not last forever. According to the data available today, the duration of protection is 8.4 years for Cervarix and 5 years for Gardasil. On the one hand, this period seems very short, but, on the other hand, many girls find a permanent partner after 5-8 years from the onset of sexual activity, which significantly reduces the risk of HPV infection.

Vaccination safety

How many copies are broken on this subject!

HPV vaccination has been shown to safe.

To date, tens of millions of doses of vaccines have been administered, and a strict record of all possible reactions to the vaccine is maintained. In 20-30% of those vaccinated, soreness, redness, swelling at the injection site may occur; 10-15% - fever, malaise, drowsiness in the first 3 days after vaccination. All reactions pass by themselves, without consequences. Allergic reactions to vaccination are extremely rare. No effects of vaccination on the ability to conceive, bear a pregnancy and give birth to healthy children have been found. In large studies involving thousands of women, there were no differences in any pregnancy and childbirth outcomes between vaccinated and unvaccinated women. In adolescents, fainting was noted as a reaction to the injection, in connection with this, at the time of the injection and for several minutes after, the patient must sit.

What these vaccines were accused of:

and in cases of death. In the studies conducted, there were indeed deaths among vaccinated patients, BUT they were exactly the same as in the control group (that is, in the group of unvaccinated patients). Unfortunately, if you observe a sufficiently large group of people for several years, inevitably someone from this group will die. This happened in the group of vaccinated women (and in the same size group of unvaccinated women). The causes of deaths in the two groups were not related to vaccination in any way: suicides, heart attacks, etc. ;
and that they lead to infertility. Thousands of studies have shown the same pregnancy rate in the group of vaccinated women and in the control group;
and that after vaccination cases of cervical cancer are still registered. Which is logical, because the vaccine does not protect against all types of HPV.

To date, the vaccine has been introduced in 45 countries of the world (including Australia, Germany, France, Switzerland, the USA), reactions to the vaccine are constantly monitored, and no cases of severe adverse reactions (including deaths) have been identified, that have been proven to be associated with the administration of the vaccine.

Both vaccines are approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration, USA).

The need for a preliminary examination

It has been shown that there is a protective effect both in women not infected with HPV and in those who already have HPV (due to protection from other types). When vaccinating virgins, testing is not required, because. they cannot be infected with HPV. When vaccinating women who are sexually active, testing for HPV before vaccination is not recommended by leading organizations. However, I note that such testing may make sense to inform a woman about her risk of developing cervical cancer, as well as the potential effect of vaccination.

Treating HPV with Vaccines

HPV vaccines do not have a curative effect. If the patient is already infected with HPV, vaccination will help to avoid infection with other types of the virus in the future, but will not affect the speed of getting rid of the already existing type of virus.

If I am married and have two children, do I need to be vaccinated?

The effectiveness of vaccination decreases with age. The likelihood of contracting HPV is also reduced (as I tell my patients, "You won't get HPV if you don't change your partner and your partner doesn't change you"). Even if you get HPV as an adult, there is a 90% chance that the virus will leave your body and not cause any trouble. Therefore, there is no urgent need to vaccinate all women over 30 years of age. However, if you want to play it safe, and you have the financial ability (the vaccine, unfortunately, is expensive), then there is logic in this. Vaccination is possible up to 45 years.

HPV vaccine compatibility with other vaccines

You can administer the HPV vaccine along with any of the vaccines on your vaccination schedule. Vaccination is carried out with different syringes in different places.

Summing up

HPV vaccination is an effective and safe prevention of cervical cancer. Yes, the effect is not 100%, but not to protect yourself at all or not to protect yourself by 100% is, of course, up to you.

Sources:

FT Cutts, S Franceschi, S Goldie, X Castellsague, S de Sanjose, G Garnett, WJ Edmunds, P Claeys, KL Goldenthal, DM Harper, L Markowitz j. Human papillomavirus and HPV vaccines: a review (HPV vaccines: a review (WHO);
cdc.gov (official website of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA);
who.int (official website of the World Health Organization);
CDC Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2015 (Guidelines for the treatment of sexually transmitted infections of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA, 2015);
Prevention of cervical cancer. Guide for doctors. Ed. Acad. RAMS G. T. Sukhikh, prof. V.N. Prilepskaya. Moscow. "MEDpress-inform" 2012;
Lauri E. Markowitz. Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 2007, March 23;45(RR02):1-24 (Recommendations for vaccination with quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine).

The human papillomavirus vaccine is very important. It is especially important for girls to receive this vaccine. There are only a couple of vaccines to prevent infections that are responsible for one of the most dangerous diseases in women. This is cervical cancer.

One is the bivalent vaccine Cervarix and the other is the quadrivalent vaccine Gardasil. This HPV vaccine also prevents the most common types of the virus that cause genital warts.

Gardasil can also prevent certain types of anal, vulvar (the area around the entrance to the vagina) and vaginal cancers. Both vaccines are administered into the body 3 times, the full procedure takes 6 months.

Genital HPV affects many people. It is difficult to determine if you are infected or not. Therefore, the virus continues its journey, passing from person to person, during sexual contact. Mostly young people at sexually active age suffer.

HPV infection is the most common infection in people in their late teens and early 20s. There are about 40 types of this virus that can cause the growth of genital warts in the intimate area in women and men.

Some types of the virus go away on their own without harming human health. Others can cause several types of cancer: cervical and other less common types - like cancer of the anus, penis, vagina, vulva and oropharynx (back throat including the base of the tongue and tonsils).

Other types of HPV can cause genital warts. Genital warts do not pose a risk to life. In most cases, they create emotional stress, and their treatment in some cases is a rather complicated procedure.

Every year, thousands of women die from this terrible disease.

HPV vaccination is recommended for girls between the ages of eleven and twelve. In addition, it should be given to women between thirteen and twenty-six years of age who have not been vaccinated or who have not completed their series of vaccinations. Children can be vaccinated from the age of nine.

Will the vaccine benefit girls who have had sex?

Ideally, women should be vaccinated before they have sexual intercourse. Women who are sexually active will also benefit from vaccination, but they will be less. This is because they may already be infected with HPV. However, there are situations in which you need to do it for young women.

Can pregnant women get vaccinated?

Vaccination is not recommended during pregnancy. Research results suggest that HPV vaccines do not cause problems for babies born to women who were vaccinated during pregnancy, but more research is needed. A pregnant woman should not receive the HPV vaccine until she has a baby.

HPV vaccination should not be considered by a woman as a reason for terminating a pregnancy. If she had multiple vaccinations during her pregnancy, she must do two things:

Wait until pregnancy is over to receive the rest of the medication
Consult your doctor about this

Should women be screened for cervical cancer before getting vaccinated?

Women do not need to have an HPV or Pap test to get vaccinated. However, it's important to note that you still need to get screened for cervical cancer, even after you've been vaccinated. After all, no vaccine protects against all types of this virus.

How effective is it?

Both vaccines are very effective in preventing some types of cancer-causing HPV, as well as the most common health problems they cause. If you are already infected, the result may be blurry because vaccines do not cure the virus.

How long does the drug protect against the virus?

Studies show that the vaccine protects people throughout their lives. Modern studies of vaccinated individuals over six years have shown that there is no evidence of weakening of the immune defenses over time.

Why won't the vaccine help?

Unfortunately, no medicine has yet been invented that would protect against all types of virus, so vaccination will not prevent all types of virus that cause malignant changes. And this is about 30% of cancer cases, so the need to continue to do cancer screening will remain. In addition, it is not yet known whether the girl will be protected if she does not receive all three doses of the drug. Therefore, it is very important that girls or women are fully vaccinated.

How safe are HPV vaccines?

Both vaccines have been studied, used on thousands of people around the world, doctors have not identified any serious problems with its use. There are several side effects, such as pain where the medicine was injected, fever, dizziness, and nausea. The safety of vaccines continues to be monitored.

Some people fainted. But this is due to the fear of medical procedures, and not with the medicine. This is a common occurrence among teenagers. Sometimes fainting can cause injury when falling, so vaccination is done while sitting or lying down. It's also a good idea to sit for 15 minutes after the procedure, which can help prevent blackouts and injury.

HPV vaccination is not recommended for women over the age of 26. Clinical studies have shown that the vaccine is somewhat limited in protecting against disease. For women over the age of 26, routine cervical screening is recommended to avoid cancer.

What about vaccinating boys and men?

Gardasil has been found to be safe and effective for men 9-26 years of age. The series of vaccinations can start as early as 9 years of age. Recommended for men aged 13 to 21 who have not yet been vaccinated. The vaccine is most effective when administered at a younger age.

papillomavirus vaccination cost

The average cost of vaccines is about $150-180.

Are there other ways to prevent HPV?

For those who are sexually active, the use of condoms is recommended as they may reduce the chances of infection. Condoms may also reduce the risk of developing HPV-related illnesses. But, it is worth considering that HPV can infect areas that are not protected by a condom - so they cannot completely protect against infection.

You can reduce your chances of getting this disease if you have one sexual partner. But the only sure way to prevent HPV is to avoid any kind of sexual contact, which is almost impossible.

Why is a vaccine needed? (video)

The most commonly diagnosed infectious disease is the human papillomavirus - according to statistics, 90% of the population of the entire planet is infected with it, although the HPV vaccine has been known to mankind for quite a long time. The danger lies in the variety of HPV, the high probability of developing cancer and the almost asymptomatic stay of the virus in the human body. Each person should know not only about the disease in question, but also about preventive measures that will help prevent infection - we are talking about the HPV vaccine.

What is HPV, classification

When penetrating into the human body, the human papillomavirus practically does not manifest itself in any way, but nevertheless it is already dangerous. The group of viruses under consideration is quite extensive and can cause not only various skin diseases, but also quite serious pathologies with unfavorable prognosis.

Types of HPV

HPV classification:

types of HPV 7/10/12/14/15/17/19-24/26/27/29/57 - provoke the appearance of various types of warts on the skin;
types of HPV 1/2/3/4 - are the cause of the appearance of specific calluses on the feet;
types of HPV 44/6/54/42/43/5553/11 - have a too low oncogenic level.

The listed HPV types never lead to oncological diseases, but there is also a separate group of HPVs that not only alarm, but make the infection in question life-threatening for the carrier. For example, 31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59/66/68/16/18 types of HPV often lead to the development of cervical cancer, malignant tumors of the vulva / vagina, anus and penis. Rather big concerns are caused by those skin manifestations that appeared against the background of diagnosing 30/39/40/42/43/55/57/61/62/64/67/69 types of the virus in question.

Features of HPV

The human papillomavirus has an average “age” of about 40 years, that is, it is at this age that the infection in question is most often diagnosed in people. If all HPV types with a low level of oncogenicity can simply be monitored, then patients with identified HPV types 16 and 18 should regularly undergo a full examination, periodically conduct instrumental laboratory tests to detect atypical cells in the body. Such "activities" are the prevention of the development of cervical cancer, malignant neoplasms on the vulva, in the tissues or on the mucous membrane of the vagina and on the penis.

Please note: if a patient is diagnosed with HPV types 16 or 18, then she will be recommended to undergo an extended cervical colposcopy procedure every 6 months with mandatory sampling of biological material for histological examination, which will allow even single atypical cells to be detected.

With a competent approach to treatment, the human papillomavirus, even types 16 and 18, may not be accompanied by the development of cancer. To do this, you must follow all the recommendations / prescriptions of the attending physician.

The high oncogenicity of HPV, the prevalence of this infectious disease has led to the development of a vaccine against HPV - the most effective prevention of cervical cancer in women.

All about HPV vaccinations

The HPV vaccine is part of the mandatory vaccination program in many countries, and is most commonly given to girls and young women. The HPV vaccine administered is absolutely safe, does not cause any complications, and in most cases is well tolerated by patients, but the effect of it is real - only in the last few years of the vaccine's use, the frequency of HPV diagnosis has decreased significantly.

Most often, two types of drugs are used - Gardasil and Cervarix, which are intended for different age categories of patients. The Gardasil vaccine against papilloma is usually administered to children aged 9-17 years, both girls and boys. The same vaccine can also be administered to young girls aged 18-26 years. But the vaccine against the papillomavirus Cervarix is administered only to female patients - aged 10 to 25 years. If we talk about Russia, then since 2009 the HPV vaccine has been administered to twelve/thirteen-year-old girls completely free of charge.

Please note: over the age of 26 years, the HPV vaccine is not given, but various studies are still underway in this direction. It is possible that in the near future even older patients will be able to vaccinate.

How vaccination is carried out

Doctors have developed a special vaccination schedule for human papilloma:

Gardasil

It is introduced according to the scheme 0 - 2 - 6 months. The first administration of the papilloma vaccine is carried out on any chosen day, the secondary and tertiary vaccinations are carried out, respectively, 60 and 180 days after the initial administration.

If there is a need, then the HPV vaccine is administered according to an accelerated scheme: 0 - 1 - 3 months. That is, the first HPV vaccination is given on any chosen day, subsequent vaccinations are carried out 1 and 3 months after the initial injection. Such an accelerated scheme may be needed if the age of the young woman is already “critical” for the particular procedure under consideration and when vaccinated according to the classical scheme, the papillomavirus vaccine simply “does not work”.

Cervarix

This papillomavirus vaccine is administered only according to the classical scheme: 0 - 1 - 6 months. That is, the first visit to the doctor for vaccination against papilloma occurs on any chosen day, then the woman must undergo secondary and tertiary vaccination after 1 and 3 months, respectively.

Whichever HPV vaccine is administered, the injection is given intramuscularly at a dose of 0.5 ml for all age groups of patients.

Contraindications for vaccination

The human papillomavirus vaccine is still a rather serious drug and therefore there are certain contraindications to its introduction into the body:

It is strictly forbidden to administer it to women during pregnancy - there is a high chance of infecting the fetus. After all, what is the papillomavirus vaccine? This is actually a virus that enters the body weakened and in low concentration, which allows the human immune system to develop antibodies to it. If such a virus is introduced into the body of a pregnant woman, then the immune system may simply not be able to cope with it - infection and the development of all kinds of diseases will become inevitable.
Despite many studies, the effect of drugs on the quality of a woman's breast milk has not been established, so the HPV vaccine is not given to lactating women.
The body of some women does not respond adequately to the introduction of the primary vaccine, which can manifest itself in the form of a classic allergic reaction - rashes and itching on the skin, frequent sneezing, profuse lacrimation, dry / unproductive cough. In this case, further vaccination is prohibited.

Conditional contraindications

Another important point is conditional contraindications:

the HPV vaccine is not given to those women who have hyperthermia (body temperature above normal);
vaccination is transferred if there is an exacerbation of any chronic disease - the doctor simply waits for the patient to fully recover, recover.

Please note: the human papillomavirus vaccine "works" only against types 16 and 18, that is, it is a preventive measure against cervical cancer.

Possible side effects

As a rule, the HPV vaccine is well tolerated by patients, but in some cases there may be side effects. First, the body may respond to the administration of the drug locally:

at the site of direct injection, a small tubercle is formed, surrounded by edematous soft tissues;
the skin at the site of injury with an injection needle may turn red;
short-term itching appears at the injection site.

Secondly, there may be general health problems:

a slight increase in body temperature (maximum to subfebrile indicators);
mild and short headache, which is easily relieved by painkillers or antispasmodics;
a general feeling of weakness and fatigue for no reason;
slight feeling of nausea after eating;
abdominal pain (in the abdomen).

Features of vaccination

The HPV vaccine can also be given while taking other medications (if, for example, they are administered as part of a previously prescribed therapy). With the simultaneous use of oral contraceptives, such a combination will not provoke any side effects. The only caveat that experts make is that the human papillomavirus vaccine should not be given simultaneously with the patient taking immunosuppressants. Antibodies in the right amount simply cannot be produced and the human papillomavirus remains dangerous.

Please note: in some cases, after vaccination, a woman / girl experiences symptoms similar to a cold - fever, body aches, cough and runny nose. If within 3-4 days the state of health does not improve, then you should seek qualified medical help: the doctor will prescribe symptomatic treatment with the obligatory consideration of the vaccination.

When is the vaccination given?

The HPV vaccine cannot be a drug for cervical cancer, condylomatosis and other diseases caused by the human papillomavirus. If the vaccination course has already begun, then the woman should be protected from pregnancy during this entire period - a preliminary consultation with a gynecologist will help her choose the best method of contraception.

Vaccination against papilloma belongs to the category of highly effective. In 99% of vaccinated women, resistant antibodies were found that protect against the infection in question. The ideal age for vaccination against the human papillomavirus is considered to be 10-14 years. That is, before the onset of sexual activity. If the vaccine is supposed to be given to a patient who is already sexually active, then she will definitely be prescribed an examination to detect HPV, genital infections and other pathologies of the female reproductive system.