Trigonometric equations with cosine. More complex trigonometric equations

Lesson and presentation on the topic: "Solution of the simplest trigonometric equations"

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What will we study:
1. What are trigonometric equations?

3. Two main methods for solving trigonometric equations.
4. Homogeneous trigonometric equations.
5. Examples.

What are trigonometric equations?

Guys, we have already studied the arcsine, arccosine, arctangent and arccotangent. Now let's look at trigonometric equations in general.

Trigonometric equations - equations in which the variable is contained under the sign of the trigonometric function.

We repeat the form of solving the simplest trigonometric equations:

1) If |а|≤ 1, then the equation cos(x) = a has a solution:

X= ± arccos(a) + 2πk

2) If |а|≤ 1, then the equation sin(x) = a has a solution:

3) If |a| > 1, then the equation sin(x) = a and cos(x) = a have no solutions 4) The equation tg(x)=a has a solution: x=arctg(a)+ πk

5) The equation ctg(x)=a has a solution: x=arcctg(a)+ πk

For all formulas, k is an integer

The simplest trigonometric equations have the form: Т(kx+m)=a, T- any trigonometric function.

Solve equations: a) sin(3x)= √3/2

Solution:

A) Let's denote 3x=t, then we will rewrite our equation in the form:

The solution to this equation will be: t=((-1)^n)arcsin(√3/2)+ πn.

From the table of values ​​we get: t=((-1)^n)×π/3+ πn.

Let's go back to our variable: 3x =((-1)^n)×π/3+ πn,

Then x= ((-1)^n)×π/9+ πn/3

Answer: x= ((-1)^n)×π/9+ πn/3, where n is an integer. (-1)^n - minus one to the power of n.

More examples of trigonometric equations.

Solution:

A) This time we will go directly to the calculation of the roots of the equation right away:

X/5= ± arccos(1) + 2πk. Then x/5= πk => x=5πk

Answer: x=5πk, where k is an integer.

B) We write in the form: 3x- π/3=arctg(√3)+ πk. We know that: arctg(√3)= π/3

3x- π/3= π/3+ πk => 3x=2π/3 + πk => x=2π/9 + πk/3

Answer: x=2π/9 + πk/3, where k is an integer.

Solve equations: cos(4x)= √2/2. And find all the roots on the segment .

Solution:

Let's solve our equation in general form: 4x= ± arccos(√2/2) + 2πk

4x= ± π/4 + 2πk;

X= ± π/16+ πk/2;

Now let's see what roots fall on our segment. For k For k=0, x= π/16, we are in the given segment .
With k=1, x= π/16+ π/2=9π/16, they hit again.
For k=2, x= π/16+ π=17π/16, but here we didn’t hit, which means we won’t hit for large k either.

Answer: x= π/16, x= 9π/16

Two main solution methods.

Let's solve the equation:

Solution:
To solve our equation, we use the method of introducing a new variable, denoted: t=tg(x).

As a result of the replacement, we get: t 2 + 2t -1 = 0

Find the roots of the quadratic equation: t=-1 and t=1/3

Then tg(x)=-1 and tg(x)=1/3, we got the simplest trigonometric equation, let's find its roots.

X=arctg(-1) +πk= -π/4+πk; x=arctg(1/3) + πk.

Answer: x= -π/4+πk; x=arctg(1/3) + πk.

An example of solving an equation

Solve equations: 2sin 2 (x) + 3 cos(x) = 0

Solution:

Let's use the identity: sin 2 (x) + cos 2 (x)=1

Our equation becomes: 2-2cos 2 (x) + 3 cos (x) = 0

2 cos 2 (x) - 3 cos(x) -2 = 0

Let's introduce the replacement t=cos(x): 2t 2 -3t - 2 = 0

The solution to our quadratic equation are the roots: t=2 and t=-1/2

Then cos(x)=2 and cos(x)=-1/2.

Because cosine cannot take values ​​greater than one, then cos(x)=2 has no roots.

For cos(x)=-1/2: x= ± arccos(-1/2) + 2πk; x= ±2π/3 + 2πk

Answer: x= ±2π/3 + 2πk

Homogeneous trigonometric equations.

Equations of the form

homogeneous trigonometric equations of the second degree.

To solve a homogeneous trigonometric equation of the first degree, we divide it by cos(x): It is impossible to divide by cosine if it is equal to zero, let's make sure that this is not so:
Let cos(x)=0, then asin(x)+0=0 => sin(x)=0, but sine and cosine are not equal to zero at the same time, we got a contradiction, so we can safely divide by zero.

Solve the equation:
Example: cos 2 (x) + sin(x) cos(x) = 0

Solution:

Take out the common factor: cos(x)(c0s(x) + sin (x)) = 0

Then we need to solve two equations:

cos(x)=0 and cos(x)+sin(x)=0

Cos(x)=0 for x= π/2 + πk;

Consider the equation cos(x)+sin(x)=0 Divide our equation by cos(x):

1+tg(x)=0 => tg(x)=-1 => x=arctg(-1) +πk= -π/4+πk

Answer: x= π/2 + πk and x= -π/4+πk

How to solve homogeneous trigonometric equations of the second degree?
Guys, stick to these rules always!

1. See what the coefficient a is equal to, if a \u003d 0 then our equation will take the form cos (x) (bsin (x) + ccos (x)), an example of the solution of which is on the previous slide

2. If a≠0, then you need to divide both parts of the equation by the squared cosine, we get:

We make the change of variable t=tg(x) we get the equation:

Solve Example #:3

Divide both sides of the equation by cosine square:

We make a change of variable t=tg(x): t 2 + 2 t - 3 = 0

Find the roots of the quadratic equation: t=-3 and t=1

Then: tg(x)=-3 => x=arctg(-3) + πk=-arctg(3) + πk

Tg(x)=1 => x= π/4+ πk

Answer: x=-arctg(3) + πk and x= π/4+ πk

Solve Example #:4

Solution:
Let's transform our expression:

We can solve such equations: x= - π/4 + 2πk and x=5π/4 + 2πk

Answer: x= - π/4 + 2πk and x=5π/4 + 2πk

Solve Example #:5

Solution:
Let's transform our expression:

We introduce the replacement tg(2x)=t:2 2 - 5t + 2 = 0

The solution to our quadratic equation will be the roots: t=-2 and t=1/2

Then we get: tg(2x)=-2 and tg(2x)=1/2
2x=-arctg(2)+ πk => x=-arctg(2)/2 + πk/2

2x= arctg(1/2) + πk => x=arctg(1/2)/2+ πk/2

Answer: x=-arctg(2)/2 + πk/2 and x=arctg(1/2)/2+ πk/2

Tasks for independent solution.

A) sin(7x)= 1/2 b) cos(3x)= √3/2 c) cos(-x) = -1 d) tg(4x) = √3 e) ctg(0.5x) = -1.7

2) Solve equations: sin(3x)= √3/2. And find all the roots on the segment [π/2; π].

3) Solve the equation: ctg 2 (x) + 2ctg(x) + 1 =0

4) Solve the equation: 3 sin 2 (x) + √3sin (x) cos(x) = 0

5) Solve the equation: 3sin 2 (3x) + 10 sin(3x)cos(3x) + 3 cos 2 (3x) =0

6) Solve the equation: cos 2 (2x) -1 - cos(x) =√3/2 -sin 2 (2x)

The concept of solving trigonometric equations.

• To solve a trigonometric equation, convert it to one or more basic trigonometric equations. Solving the trigonometric equation ultimately comes down to solving the four basic trigonometric equations.

Requires knowledge of the basic formulas of trigonometry - the sum of the squares of the sine and cosine, the expression of the tangent through the sine and cosine, and others. For those who have forgotten or do not know them, we recommend reading the article "".
So, we know the basic trigonometric formulas, it's time to put them into practice. Solving trigonometric equations with the right approach, it’s quite an exciting activity, like, for example, solving a Rubik’s cube.

Based on the name itself, it is clear that a trigonometric equation is an equation in which the unknown is under the sign of a trigonometric function.
There are so-called simple trigonometric equations. Here's what they look like: sinх = a, cos x = a, tg x = a. Consider, how to solve such trigonometric equations, for clarity, we will use the already familiar trigonometric circle.

sinx = a

cos x = a

tan x = a

cot x = a

Any trigonometric equation is solved in two stages: we bring the equation to the simplest form and then solve it as the simplest trigonometric equation.
There are 7 main methods by which trigonometric equations are solved.

1. Variable substitution and substitution method

Solve the equation 2cos 2 (x + /6) - 3sin( /3 - x) +1 = 0

Using the reduction formulas we get:

2cos 2 (x + /6) – 3cos(x + /6) +1 = 0

Let's replace cos(x + /6) with y for simplicity and get the usual quadratic equation:

2y 2 – 3y + 1 + 0

The roots of which y 1 = 1, y 2 = 1/2

Now let's go backwards

We substitute the found values ​​of y and get two answers:

2. Solving trigonometric equations through factorization

How to solve the equation sin x + cos x = 1 ?

Let's move everything to the left so that 0 remains on the right:

sin x + cos x - 1 = 0

We use the above identities to simplify the equation:

sin x - 2 sin 2 (x/2) = 0

Let's do the factorization:

2sin(x/2) * cos(x/2) - 2 sin 2 (x/2) = 0

2sin(x/2) * = 0

We get two equations

3. Reduction to a homogeneous equation

An equation is homogeneous with respect to sine and cosine if all its terms with respect to sine and cosine are of the same degree of the same angle. To solve a homogeneous equation, proceed as follows:

a) transfer all its members to the left side;

b) put all common factors out of brackets;

c) equate all factors and brackets to 0;

d) in brackets, a homogeneous equation of a lesser degree is obtained, which, in turn, is divided by a sine or cosine to a higher degree;

e) solve the resulting equation for tg.

Solve the equation 3sin 2 x + 4 sin x cos x + 5 cos 2 x = 2

Let's use the formula sin 2 x + cos 2 x = 1 and get rid of the open two on the right:

3sin 2 x + 4 sin x cos x + 5 cos x = 2sin 2 x + 2 cos 2 x

sin 2 x + 4 sin x cos x + 3 cos 2 x = 0

Divide by cosx:

tg 2 x + 4 tg x + 3 = 0

We replace tg x with y and get a quadratic equation:

y 2 + 4y +3 = 0 whose roots are y 1 =1, y 2 = 3

From here we find two solutions to the original equation:

x 2 \u003d arctg 3 + k

4. Solving equations, through the transition to a half angle

Solve the equation 3sin x - 5cos x = 7

Let's move on to x/2:

6sin(x/2) * cos(x/2) – 5cos 2 (x/2) + 5sin 2 (x/2) = 7sin 2 (x/2) + 7cos 2 (x/2)

Shifting everything to the left:

2sin 2 (x/2) - 6sin(x/2) * cos(x/2) + 12cos 2 (x/2) = 0

Divide by cos(x/2):

tg 2 (x/2) – 3tg(x/2) + 6 = 0

5. Introduction of an auxiliary angle

For consideration, let's take an equation of the form: a sin x + b cos x \u003d c,

where a, b, c are some arbitrary coefficients and x is an unknown.

Divide both sides of the equation by:



Now the coefficients of the equation, according to trigonometric formulas, have the properties of sin and cos, namely: their modulus is not more than 1 and the sum of squares = 1. Let's denote them respectively as cos and sin, where is the so-called auxiliary angle. Then the equation will take the form:

cos * sin x + sin * cos x \u003d C

or sin(x + ) = C

The solution to this simple trigonometric equation is

x \u003d (-1) k * arcsin C - + k, where



It should be noted that the designations cos and sin are interchangeable.

Solve the equation sin 3x - cos 3x = 1

In this equation, the coefficients are:

a \u003d, b \u003d -1, so we divide both parts by \u003d 2

You can order a detailed solution to your problem !!!

An equality containing an unknown under the sign of a trigonometric function (`sin x, cos x, tg x` or `ctg x`) is called a trigonometric equation, and we will consider their formulas further.

The simplest equations are `sin x=a, cos x=a, tg x=a, ctg x=a`, where `x` is the angle to be found, `a` is any number. Let's write the root formulas for each of them.

1. Equation `sin x=a`.

For `|a|>1` it has no solutions.

With `|a| \leq 1` has an infinite number of solutions.

Root formula: `x=(-1)^n arcsin a + \pi n, n \in Z`

2. Equation `cos x=a`

For `|a|>1` - as in the case of the sine, there are no solutions among real numbers.

With `|a| \leq 1` has an infinite number of solutions.

Root formula: `x=\pm arccos a + 2\pi n, n \in Z`

Special cases for sine and cosine in graphs.

3. Equation `tg x=a`

Has an infinite number of solutions for any values ​​of `a`.

Root formula: `x=arctg a + \pi n, n \in Z`

4. Equation `ctg x=a`

It also has an infinite number of solutions for any values ​​of `a`.

Root formula: `x=arcctg a + \pi n, n \in Z`

Formulas for the roots of trigonometric equations in the table

For sinus:
For cosine:
For tangent and cotangent:
Formulas for solving equations containing inverse trigonometric functions:

Methods for solving trigonometric equations

The solution of any trigonometric equation consists of two stages:

• using to convert it to the simplest;
• solve the resulting simple equation using the above formulas for the roots and tables.

Let's consider the main methods of solution using examples.

algebraic method.

In this method, the replacement of a variable and its substitution into equality is done.

Example. Solve the equation: `2cos^2(x+\frac \pi 6)-3sin(\frac \pi 3 - x)+1=0`

`2cos^2(x+\frac \pi 6)-3cos(x+\frac \pi 6)+1=0`,

make a replacement: `cos(x+\frac \pi 6)=y`, then `2y^2-3y+1=0`,

we find the roots: `y_1=1, y_2=1/2`, from which two cases follow:

1. `cos(x+\frac \pi 6)=1`, `x+\frac \pi 6=2\pi n`, `x_1=-\frac \pi 6+2\pi n`.

2. `cos(x+\frac \pi 6)=1/2`, `x+\frac \pi 6=\pm arccos 1/2+2\pi n`, `x_2=\pm \frac \pi 3- \frac \pi 6+2\pi n`.

Answer: `x_1=-\frac \pi 6+2\pi n`, `x_2=\pm \frac \pi 3-\frac \pi 6+2\pi n`.

Factorization.

Example. Solve the equation: `sin x+cos x=1`.

Solution. Move to the left all terms of equality: `sin x+cos x-1=0`. Using , we transform and factorize the left side:

`sin x - 2sin^2 x/2=0`,

`2sin x/2 cos x/2-2sin^2 x/2=0`,

`2sin x/2 (cos x/2-sin x/2)=0`,

1. `sin x/2 =0`, `x/2 =\pi n`, `x_1=2\pi n`.
2. `cos x/2-sin x/2=0`, `tg x/2=1`, `x/2=arctg 1+ \pi n`, `x/2=\pi/4+ \pi n` , `x_2=\pi/2+ 2\pi n`.

Answer: `x_1=2\pi n`, `x_2=\pi/2+ 2\pi n`.

Reduction to a homogeneous equation

First, you need to bring this trigonometric equation to one of two forms:

`a sin x+b cos x=0` (homogeneous equation of the first degree) or `a sin^2 x + b sin x cos x +c cos^2 x=0` (homogeneous equation of the second degree).

Then split both parts by `cos x \ne 0` for the first case, and by `cos^2 x \ne 0` for the second. We get equations for `tg x`: `a tg x+b=0` and `a tg^2 x + b tg x +c =0`, which must be solved using known methods.

Example. Solve the equation: `2 sin^2 x+sin x cos x - cos^2 x=1`.

Solution. Let's write the right side as `1=sin^2 x+cos^2 x`:

`2 sin^2 x+sin x cos x — cos^2 x=` `sin^2 x+cos^2 x`,

`2 sin^2 x+sin x cos x - cos^2 x -` ` sin^2 x - cos^2 x=0`

`sin^2 x+sin x cos x - 2 cos^2 x=0`.

This is a homogeneous trigonometric equation of the second degree, dividing its left and right parts by `cos^2 x \ne 0`, we get:

`\frac (sin^2 x)(cos^2 x)+\frac(sin x cos x)(cos^2 x) - \frac(2 cos^2 x)(cos^2 x)=0`

`tg^2 x+tg x - 2=0`. Let's introduce the replacement `tg x=t`, as a result `t^2 + t - 2=0`. The roots of this equation are `t_1=-2` and `t_2=1`. Then:

1. `tg x=-2`, `x_1=arctg (-2)+\pi n`, `n \in Z`
2. `tg x=1`, `x=arctg 1+\pi n`, `x_2=\pi/4+\pi n`, ` n \in Z`.

Answer. `x_1=arctg (-2)+\pi n`, `n \in Z`, `x_2=\pi/4+\pi n`, `n \in Z`.

Go to Half Corner

Example. Solve the equation: `11 sin x - 2 cos x = 10`.

Solution. Applying the double angle formulas, the result is: `22 sin (x/2) cos (x/2) -` `2 cos^2 x/2 + 2 sin^2 x/2=` `10 sin^2 x/2 +10 cos^2 x/2`

`4 tg^2 x/2 - 11 tg x/2 +6=0`

Applying the algebraic method described above, we obtain:

1. `tg x/2=2`, `x_1=2 arctg 2+2\pi n`, `n \in Z`,
2. `tg x/2=3/4`, `x_2=arctg 3/4+2\pi n`, `n \in Z`.

Answer. `x_1=2 arctg 2+2\pi n, n \in Z`, `x_2=arctg 3/4+2\pi n`, `n \in Z`.

Introduction of an auxiliary angle

In the trigonometric equation `a sin x + b cos x =c`, where a,b,c are coefficients and x is a variable, we divide both parts by `sqrt (a^2+b^2)`:

`\frac a(sqrt (a^2+b^2)) sin x +` `\frac b(sqrt (a^2+b^2)) cos x =` `\frac c(sqrt (a^2 +b^2))`.

The coefficients on the left side have the properties of sine and cosine, namely, the sum of their squares is equal to 1 and their modulus is not greater than 1. Denote them as follows: `\frac a(sqrt (a^2+b^2))=cos \varphi` , ` \frac b(sqrt (a^2+b^2)) =sin \varphi`, `\frac c(sqrt (a^2+b^2))=C`, then:

`cos \varphi sin x + sin \varphi cos x =C`.

Let's take a closer look at the following example:

Example. Solve the equation: `3 sin x+4 cos x=2`.

Solution. Dividing both sides of the equation by `sqrt (3^2+4^2)`, we get:

`\frac (3 sin x) (sqrt (3^2+4^2))+` `\frac(4 cos x)(sqrt (3^2+4^2))=` `\frac 2(sqrt (3^2+4^2))`

`3/5 sin x+4/5 cos x=2/5`.

Denote `3/5 = cos \varphi` , `4/5=sin \varphi`. Since `sin \varphi>0`, `cos \varphi>0`, we take `\varphi=arcsin 4/5` as an auxiliary angle. Then we write our equality in the form:

`cos \varphi sin x+sin \varphi cos x=2/5`

Applying the formula for the sum of angles for the sine, we write our equality in the following form:

`sin(x+\varphi)=2/5`,

`x+\varphi=(-1)^n arcsin 2/5+ \pi n`, `n \in Z`,

`x=(-1)^n arcsin 2/5-` `arcsin 4/5+ \pi n`, `n \in Z`.

Answer. `x=(-1)^n arcsin 2/5-` `arcsin 4/5+ \pi n`, `n \in Z`.

Fractional-rational trigonometric equations

These are equalities with fractions, in the numerators and denominators of which there are trigonometric functions.

Example. Solve the equation. `\frac (sin x)(1+cos x)=1-cos x`.

Solution. Multiply and divide the right side of the equation by `(1+cos x)`. As a result, we get:

`\frac (sin x)(1+cos x)=` `\frac ((1-cos x)(1+cos x))(1+cos x)`

`\frac (sin x)(1+cos x)=` `\frac (1-cos^2 x)(1+cos x)`

`\frac (sin x)(1+cos x)=` `\frac (sin^2 x)(1+cos x)`

`\frac (sin x)(1+cos x)-` `\frac (sin^2 x)(1+cos x)=0`

`\frac (sin x-sin^2 x)(1+cos x)=0`

Given that the denominator cannot be zero, we get `1+cos x \ne 0`, `cos x \ne -1`, ` x \ne \pi+2\pi n, n \in Z`.

Equate the numerator of the fraction to zero: `sin x-sin^2 x=0`, `sin x(1-sin x)=0`. Then `sin x=0` or `1-sin x=0`.

1. `sin x=0`, `x=\pi n`, `n \in Z`
2. `1-sin x=0`, `sin x=-1`, `x=\pi /2+2\pi n, n \in Z`.

Given that ` x \ne \pi+2\pi n, n \in Z`, the solutions are `x=2\pi n, n \in Z` and `x=\pi /2+2\pi n` , `n \in Z`.

Answer. `x=2\pi n`, `n \in Z`, `x=\pi /2+2\pi n`, `n \in Z`.

Trigonometry, and trigonometric equations in particular, are used in almost all areas of geometry, physics, and engineering. The study begins in the 10th grade, there are always tasks for the exam, so try to remember all the formulas of trigonometric equations - they will definitely come in handy for you!

However, you don’t even need to memorize them, the main thing is to understand the essence, and be able to deduce. It's not as difficult as it seems. See for yourself by watching the video.

When solving many math problems, especially those that occur before grade 10, the order of actions performed that will lead to the goal is clearly defined. Such problems include, for example, linear and quadratic equations, linear and quadratic inequalities, fractional equations, and equations that reduce to quadratic ones. The principle of successful solution of each of the mentioned tasks is as follows: it is necessary to establish what type the problem being solved belongs to, remember the necessary sequence of actions that will lead to the desired result, i.e. answer and follow these steps.

Obviously, success or failure in solving a particular problem depends mainly on how correctly the type of the equation being solved is determined, how correctly the sequence of all stages of its solution is reproduced. Of course, in this case, it is necessary to have the skills to perform identical transformations and calculations.

A different situation occurs with trigonometric equations. It is not difficult to establish the fact that the equation is trigonometric. Difficulties arise when determining the sequence of actions that would lead to the correct answer.

It is sometimes difficult to determine its type by the appearance of an equation. And without knowing the type of equation, it is almost impossible to choose the right one from several dozen trigonometric formulas.

To solve the trigonometric equation, we must try:

1. bring all the functions included in the equation to "the same angles";
2. bring the equation to "the same functions";
3. factorize the left side of the equation, etc.

Consider basic methods for solving trigonometric equations.

I. Reduction to the simplest trigonometric equations

Solution scheme

Step 1. Express the trigonometric function in terms of known components.

Step 2 Find function argument using formulas:

cos x = a; x = ±arccos a + 2πn, n ЄZ.

sin x = a; x \u003d (-1) n arcsin a + πn, n Є Z.

tan x = a; x \u003d arctg a + πn, n Є Z.

ctg x = a; x \u003d arcctg a + πn, n Є Z.

Step 3 Find an unknown variable.

Example.

2 cos(3x – π/4) = -√2.

Solution.

1) cos(3x - π/4) = -√2/2.

2) 3x – π/4 = ±(π – π/4) + 2πn, n Є Z;

3x – π/4 = ±3π/4 + 2πn, n Є Z.

3) 3x = ±3π/4 + π/4 + 2πn, n Є Z;

x = ±3π/12 + π/12 + 2πn/3, n Є Z;

x = ±π/4 + π/12 + 2πn/3, n Є Z.

Answer: ±π/4 + π/12 + 2πn/3, n Є Z.

II. Variable substitution

Solution scheme

Step 1. Bring the equation to an algebraic form with respect to one of the trigonometric functions.

Step 2 Denote the resulting function by the variable t (if necessary, introduce restrictions on t).

Step 3 Write down and solve the resulting algebraic equation.

Step 4 Make a reverse substitution.

Step 5 Solve the simplest trigonometric equation.

Example.

2cos 2 (x/2) - 5sin (x/2) - 5 = 0.

Solution.

1) 2(1 - sin 2 (x/2)) - 5sin (x/2) - 5 = 0;

2sin 2(x/2) + 5sin(x/2) + 3 = 0.

2) Let sin (x/2) = t, where |t| ≤ 1.

3) 2t 2 + 5t + 3 = 0;

t = 1 or e = -3/2 does not satisfy the condition |t| ≤ 1.

4) sin (x/2) = 1.

5) x/2 = π/2 + 2πn, n Є Z;

x = π + 4πn, n Є Z.

Answer: x = π + 4πn, n Є Z.

III. Equation order reduction method

Solution scheme

Step 1. Replace this equation with a linear one using the power reduction formulas:

sin 2 x \u003d 1/2 (1 - cos 2x);

cos 2 x = 1/2 (1 + cos 2x);

tan 2 x = (1 - cos 2x) / (1 + cos 2x).

Step 2 Solve the resulting equation using methods I and II.

Example.

cos2x + cos2x = 5/4.

Solution.

1) cos 2x + 1/2 (1 + cos 2x) = 5/4.

2) cos 2x + 1/2 + 1/2 cos 2x = 5/4;

3/2 cos 2x = 3/4;

2x = ±π/3 + 2πn, n Є Z;

x = ±π/6 + πn, n Є Z.

Answer: x = ±π/6 + πn, n Є Z.

IV. Homogeneous equations

Solution scheme

Step 1. Bring this equation to the form

a) a sin x + b cos x = 0 (homogeneous equation of the first degree)

or to the view

b) a sin 2 x + b sin x cos x + c cos 2 x = 0 (homogeneous equation of the second degree).

Step 2 Divide both sides of the equation by

a) cos x ≠ 0;

b) cos 2 x ≠ 0;

and get the equation for tg x:

a) a tg x + b = 0;

b) a tg 2 x + b arctg x + c = 0.

Step 3 Solve the equation using known methods.

Example.

5sin 2 x + 3sin x cos x - 4 = 0.

Solution.

1) 5sin 2 x + 3sin x cos x – 4(sin 2 x + cos 2 x) = 0;

5sin 2 x + 3sin x cos x – 4sin² x – 4cos 2 x = 0;

sin 2 x + 3sin x cos x - 4cos 2 x \u003d 0 / cos 2 x ≠ 0.

2) tg 2 x + 3tg x - 4 = 0.

3) Let tg x = t, then

t 2 + 3t - 4 = 0;

t = 1 or t = -4, so

tg x = 1 or tg x = -4.

From the first equation x = π/4 + πn, n Є Z; from the second equation x = -arctg 4 + πk, k Є Z.

Answer: x = π/4 + πn, n Є Z; x \u003d -arctg 4 + πk, k Є Z.

V. Method for transforming an equation using trigonometric formulas

Solution scheme

Step 1. Using all kinds of trigonometric formulas, bring this equation to an equation that can be solved by methods I, II, III, IV.

Step 2 Solve the resulting equation using known methods.

Example.

sinx + sin2x + sin3x = 0.

Solution.

1) (sin x + sin 3x) + sin 2x = 0;

2sin 2x cos x + sin 2x = 0.

2) sin 2x (2cos x + 1) = 0;

sin 2x = 0 or 2cos x + 1 = 0;

From the first equation 2x = π/2 + πn, n Є Z; from the second equation cos x = -1/2.

We have x = π/4 + πn/2, n Є Z; from the second equation x = ±(π – π/3) + 2πk, k Є Z.

As a result, x \u003d π / 4 + πn / 2, n Є Z; x = ±2π/3 + 2πk, k Є Z.

Answer: x \u003d π / 4 + πn / 2, n Є Z; x = ±2π/3 + 2πk, k Є Z.

The ability and skills to solve trigonometric equations are very important, their development requires considerable effort, both on the part of the student and the teacher.

Many problems of stereometry, physics, etc. are associated with the solution of trigonometric equations. The process of solving such problems, as it were, contains many of the knowledge and skills that are acquired when studying the elements of trigonometry.

Trigonometric equations occupy an important place in the process of teaching mathematics and personality development in general.

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