Why does a child often have a nosebleed. Why is the child bleeding from the nose

03.09.2016 50302

Nosebleeds in childhood are not uncommon. According to studies, 57% of children under 10 years of age had a nosebleed at least once. In the first year of life, such a problem practically does not occur. Mostly kids from three to six years old suffer, by adolescence, unpleasant phenomena, as a rule, disappear.

Parents are especially worried if bleeding occurs at night. In most cases, this is not dangerous and passes after 2-3 minutes. The child's nose is still very small, the nasal passages are narrow, the mucous membrane is loose and sensitive to any influences. In addition, the sinuses are richly lined with blood vessels, which are supplied by the external and internal carotid arteries. In the nasal mucosa there is a vascular plexus, which is called the "bleeding zone" or Kisselbach's plexus. In 90% of cases, minor damage to this section provokes bleeding.

Possible reasons

• fragility of blood vessels;
• injury;
• foreign body;
• dry air;
• the use of vasoconstrictor drugs;
• colds.

There are two types of nosebleeds in children:

• from the upper anterior sections of the nasopharynx - occurs when the vessels are damaged;
• from the lower back section - caused by injuries of the nose, various diseases, with increased pressure.

In the first case, the blood from one nostril, the flow slowly and quickly stops.

If the vessels of the lower posterior section are damaged, the bleeding is profuse, from both nostrils, it is difficult to stop.

Often in a child from the nose during sleep due to excessive fragility of blood vessels. This happens when there is a lack of vitamin C, which is involved in protein synthesis. Without it, not a single biochemical reaction in the body takes place. It improves immunity, strengthens blood vessels, prevents the development of many diseases. An unbalanced diet, insufficient intake of foods rich in vitamin C leads to vascular fragility and, as a result, to frequent bleeding.

Fragility causes tobacco smoke, dust accumulation, allergy to pet hair.

A common cause of nosebleeds is injury to the mucosa. Small children have a habit of picking their nose with their fingers, sticking small toys and details into it, which injures the delicate shell and causes blood loss.

An increase in pressure caused by physical exertion, hyperthermia, kidney disease can also provoke bleeding. Under no circumstances should you panic. This will not help the situation, and the child will be even more frightened.

Often at night there is blood from the nose in the cold season. This is due to the fact that the air in the room is too dry - hot radiators, additional heaters are turned on, the windows in the room are tightly closed. The mucous membrane dries up, becomes susceptible to any irritation. The nose creates ideal conditions for the development of inflammatory diseases, rhinitis, and bleeding.

The norm is from 45 to 60%, during the heating season the figure drops to 25%. To normalize the situation, you should ventilate the room more often.

Through ventilation is performed at. The presence of an aquarium, a humidifier contribute to the normalization of the level of humidity.

A strong cough, inability to blow your nose normally, sneezing increase pressure in the walls of blood vessels, which leads to their rupture and bleeding.

How to help properly

Nosebleeds start unexpectedly and take adults by surprise. Do not fuss, make noise, excite the child. Such actions will lead to increased heart rate and increased pressure, which will cause a large loss of blood. It is necessary to calm the baby and take control of the situation.

Important! It is strictly forbidden to tilt the head back or lay the child down!

In this position, blood will begin to drain into the esophagus or airways, and may lead to respiratory arrest. In addition, it is impossible to find out whether the bleeding has stopped or not, how intense it is.

If the nose bleeds, do the following:

1. the child is seated on a chair, his head is slightly lowered to his chest;
2. close the nostrils with fingertips for 3-5 minutes, during which time the bleeding should stop;
3. put cold on the bridge of the nose. Additionally, give the baby to drink cool water or eat ice cream. Cold drink from the inside helps stop bleeding.
4. moisten cotton swabs in hydrogen peroxide and insert not too deep into the nasal passages;
5. to ensure the flow of fresh air - unfasten the neck, slightly open the window.

Important! The legs must be kept warm - this helps to reduce the circulation of fluid in the nasal region and leads to a stop of bleeding.

If the nose is bleeding due to the ingestion of a foreign object, do not get it yourself. Such actions lead to the fact that it will move into the respiratory tract and cause suffocation.

If nasal congestion occurs regularly, you should seek the advice of a doctor. To prevent repeated relapses, the ENT performs cauterization of the mucosa with silver nitrate. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia and does not cause pain.

Treatment of vascular fragility begins with the intake of Ascorutin and calcium preparations, as well as vitamin complexes with ascorbic acid, routine. The course of therapy lasts up to 1 month.

Humidity in the room should be brought in line with the norm.

When to call a doctor urgently

• the general condition deteriorates sharply;
• become damp and pale;
• blood flows from the nose for more than 10 minutes, there are no clots;
• there was a severe head injury;
• bleeding from two nostrils;
• vomiting began with spotting, blood began to come from the ear or throat.

Nosebleeds are usually caused by broken blood vessels. However, in some cases, this can be triggered by a serious illness, so a doctor's consultation is necessary in any case.

If a child’s nose bleeds, the reasons can be different - from banal overheating or overwork to serious diseases of organs and systems. Nosebleeds in children from 1 to 10 years of age occur periodically, and most often there is nothing dangerous in this. But sometimes it is still worth paying attention to a similar symptom so as not to miss the development of any disease.

Causes of nosebleeds in children:

• nose injury;
• overheat;
• overwork;
• damage to the vessels in the nose as a result of picking it or inserting foreign objects;
• vascular weakness;
• dry indoor air or extreme heat;
• beriberi (lack of vitamin C and rutin);
• the proximity of the vessels to the surface;
• viral infection, etc.

In a one-year-old child, nosebleeds practically do not occur; this is more common in older children, whose age is 2-4 years. They lead a more mobile lifestyle and can injure their noses, get sick with a viral infection, and have a bad habit of picking their nose.

Why does a child bleed? The most common causes include overheating in the sun or overwork. As a result of exposure to high temperatures in a child who is 1 year old or more, pressure may increase, which will lead to nosebleeds. Why do children who are 4 years old or older often have nosebleeds that occur at night? This is usually associated with picking the nose, as a result of which the baby injures the nasal cavity, which leads to a characteristic symptom.

The reasons that the child is bleeding from the nose are also dry air in the room, as a result of which the child's mucous membrane dries up and can be easily injured, a viral infection that causes disruption of the nasopharyngeal mucosa, which leads to unpleasant symptoms, including the appearance nosebleeds. Frequent blowing your nose with a stuffy nose can also cause bleeding.

In young children, as a rule, the appearance of blood from the nose is a rarity, since (despite the immaturity of the vessels and tissues) they have practically no cavernous tissue, which is the source of blood. Therefore, if a baby under 1 year old has blood from the nasal passages, you should consult a doctor.

The causes of nosebleeds in children under one year old are:

• inaccurate removal of crusts;
• polyposis formations;
• syphilis;
• staphylococcus infection;
• genetic predisposition;
• hemophilia, etc.

Teenagers often experience such a symptom as nosebleeds, which is explained by a change in hormonal levels. In a female teenager, such a symptom may appear on the eve of the onset of menstruation, later as a harbinger of menstruation. Among other causes of bleeding in a teenager, one can distinguish: increased blood pressure, against the background of excessive emotional and physical stress, injury to the nose, as a result of physical activity or during a fight (which is not uncommon for young people of adolescence).

Some diseases of the internal organs, more often of a bacterial nature, manifest themselves at first with only one symptom, and this is bleeding from the nose. It can be distinguished from ordinary nosebleeds, which periodically occurs in children 3-5 years old and above, by relapses (more than 2 times a week) that are not associated with any previous process.

Causes of nosebleeds:

• tuberculosis;
• heart failure;
• the presence of tumors or cystic formations in the nose.

Tuberculosis

There is an opinion that mycobacterium damages only the lungs, in fact, with this disease, all tissues and organs (heart, blood vessels, brain, etc.) can be damaged. Statistics say that more than 500,000 children worldwide are infected with Koch's bacillus every year, with more than 70,000 of them dying as a result of the disease.

No one is immune from tuberculosis, since now this disease affects absolutely everyone, regardless of social status and age. One of the first symptoms of this dangerous disease is nosebleeds. This happens when mycobacterium enters the body through the nose, settles there and begins to destroy small and large vessels, soft and cartilaginous tissues, contributing to frequent bleeding.

Blood flows from the nose with tuberculosis for no more than 3-4 minutes, while this symptom is repeated almost every day. The blood itself is often scarlet in color, sometimes contains impurities of pus or mucus. Along with bleeding, other symptoms of the disease may appear, such as high fever, weight loss, general weakness, sweating, which most often occurs at night. In a teenager, weight loss can equate to anorexia, and vomiting, vision loss, respiratory failure, and coughing may be added.

Tuberculosis is now a non-fatal disease, but a very insidious one. If you miss its occurrence and do not start treatment on time, you can subsequently remain disabled or die.

Heart failure develops in a child as a consequence of a chronic disease, most often heart disease. Heart disease can be either congenital or acquired. At first, the disease may manifest itself with other symptoms, but later, with heart failure, nosebleeds in children will definitely join.

Bleeding in cardiac pathology is often short-lived, no more than 5 minutes. With heart failure, blood stagnation occurs, pressure in the capillaries, venous vessels rises, as a result of which the vessel bursts, and blood can be observed from the nose. The occurrence of nosebleeds in children can be at any time of the day, while they are repeated several times a week.

Blood in heart failure in children is dark in color (venous blood), and it can come not only from the nose, but also from the mouth. Be sure to add to these symptoms a feeling of fear, in particular the fear of death, which is inherent in all people who are faced with heart disease. This manifests itself in the form of a child's fear of bleeding, panic. In this case, you can observe an increase in the abdomen or a hump in the region of the heart.

Additional symptoms, such as cyanosis of the skin, cough, shortness of breath, should alert parents and force them to take immediate measures to solve the problem, namely, see a doctor. Treatment of acute heart failure is not always possible, so it is better to treat the disease at an early stage, preventing the development of pathological changes.

Tumors or cysts in the nose

The reasons for the appearance of cysts or tumors in the nose can be different, but almost always the neoplasms that appear are accompanied by bleeding, and not simple, but prolonged, profuse, which is very difficult to stop without medical help. The causes of nosebleeds in cystic formations are various types of tissue destruction in the nose.

With such a pathology, the child's nose bleeds in a dream or during wakefulness, it can occur several times a week. Unlike other diseases, in which the bleeding is quiet, drip, with formations in the nose, the blood literally spurts. Bloody discharge may contain mucus impurities and blood clots. Nasal congestion is added to this symptom, resulting from a barrier or mechanical blocking of the airways by a tumor, a change in voice, and a headache.

Many people confuse this pathological disorder with the common cold, which sometimes manifests itself in the form of lesions or rashes in the nose, and is smeared with local preparations, which does not give any positive results.

If blood has gone and does not stop for more than 10 minutes, while the child was at rest, then there is reason to suspect the presence of a tumor in the nose.

Under the treatment of nosebleeds, first of all, they mean stopping the blood. You can try to do this at home on your own, but the main thing is to avoid common mistakes that many parents make.

So, what can not be done if the child is bleeding from the nose:

1. Put it in a horizontal position. As a result of tilting the child's head back, the veins located in the neck area can be squeezed, which can provoke bleeding even more. If the blood does not flow out, it will also enter the child's esophagus, which is dangerous by the occurrence of intoxication and vomiting.
2. Pinch the bridge of the nose, trying to stop spotting in this way.
3. Stick a cotton swab "turundu" in the nose (if the cause of bleeding is a disease).

What to do to the baby to stop the bleeding from the nasal passages? First of all, as a treatment, it is necessary to apply cold to the bridge of the nose (ice in a bag, a handkerchief soaked in water, a cold bottle of water, etc.).

If the blood runs for more than 5 minutes, you need to call an emergency, before arrival, you can moisten a napkin or gauze cut in hydrogen peroxide and, twisting the fabric into a flagellum, gently and shallowly shove it into the nasal passage.

If the nature of the discharge from the nose is simple, then as a result of this, the blood will stop without additional measures.

It happens that nosebleeds can be hidden, that is, flow inward, and not outward. In this case, the child may spit blood with saliva. Sometimes this is the norm, but it is better to show the baby to the doctor, since such a sign may indicate various diseases of the internal organs (liver, kidneys, stomach, intestines, etc.). The treatment of such diseases should be dealt with exclusively by a doctor, in a hospital setting.

In some cases, cauterization is prescribed as a treatment. It is recommended if the child is often worried about the appearance of blood from the nose, while this symptom is not associated with diseases. They cauterize the nose with a laser, liquid nitrogen, tonin, nitrate vinegar, etc. Not everyone is happy with the treatment of nosebleeds with a laser, because after this procedure, scars often remain in the nose, which subsequently disturb the child. Most doctors do not recommend treating this problem with cauterization, since this eliminates the symptom, and not the cause, which often lies in the fragility of the vessels.

You can strengthen blood vessels with vitamin therapy containing vitamin C. It is recommended to enrich the diet with foods that contain this vitamin. Such products include rose hips, citrus fruits, potatoes, sauerkraut, etc. The weakness of the vessels can go away by itself, when the child reaches a certain age.

It is recommended for frequent bleeding to treat the walls of blood vessels, mucous membranes with salt water. It can be instilled into the nose by preparing it yourself or by purchasing special preparations at the pharmacy (No-salt, Aqua-Maris, etc.). It is better if it is possible to take children to the sea, where there is a special humid and salty air: it moisturizes the overdried mucous membrane naturally. Sea water also helps to rinse the nasal cavity, relieve swelling, reduce adenoids, which as a result will strengthen the vascular walls and reduce the risk of bleeding.

If nosebleeds in a child occur frequently and are of a prolonged nature, it is dangerous to treat it at home. It is better to immediately show the baby to the doctor, undergo the recommended examinations and take appropriate treatment recommendations. To prevent the appearance of problems with blood vessels in the nose, it is necessary to monitor the humidity of the air in the room, treat colds in time, monitor nutrition, enriching it with healthy vegetables and fruits. It is necessary to adhere to the daily routine, avoid overworking the child, put him to bed on time. Every year it is necessary to undergo a preventive comprehensive examination.

Nosebleeds are very common in children and adolescents. It is noticed that this trouble overtakes them five times more often than adults. Therefore, the question of why a small child often bleeds from the nose, and many parents are concerned about the search for answers to it.

In most cases, frequent nosebleeds in young children are associated with structural features and physiological characteristics of the mucous membrane.

Common Causes of Frequent Nosebleeds in Children

The most common causes of nosebleeds in children are:

1. diseases of bacterial and / or viral origin, in which loosening of the mucosa occurs and the vessels are close to its surface;
2. nose injuries - this can be a banal habit of picking your nose or an injury during a game or fall;
3. frequent use of vasoconstrictor drops leads to a strong thinning of the mucous membrane, the vessels become very thin and burst easily;
4. hot and very dry air in the room also leads to thinning and drying of the mucous membrane, it becomes easily vulnerable;
5. thermal and sunstroke, increased blood pressure.

Additional causes of frequent nosebleeds in children

In addition, the cause of frequent and heavy nosebleeds in children can be acquired diseases (thrombocytopenia, vasculitis, thrombocytopathy and lupus) or hereditary diseases (hemophilia). These diseases cause a change in the properties of blood, namely, they affect its clotting and are an additional cause of nosebleeds.

Often, blood from the nose of a child flows due to the peculiarities of the anatomical structure of the respiratory system. For example, the curvature of the nasal septum (congenital or acquired) is one of the provoking factors for bleeding.

Strong stress also often causes a nosebleed in a child. It leads to a sharp increase in pressure in thin and delicate children's vessels, they burst, blood appears.

The child often bleeds from the nose: emergency care

If a small child often has nosebleeds, parents should definitely take him to the doctor to determine the causes of frequent nosebleeds in the child and consult with a specialist on how to properly eliminate it.

The first step in providing emergency care for frequent nosebleeds in a child whose causes have not yet been clarified is to make sure that there are no foreign objects in the nasal cavity, the presence of which could provoke this condition. If any are found, it is by no means worth extracting them yourself. You need to seek help from a medical facility or call an ambulance.

If the cause of bleeding from the nose was something other than a foreign object, the child needs to be reassured, explained that from his crying and screaming, the flow of blood can only intensify. The child needs to be put in a comfortable position, the nose can be covered with a handkerchief or towel so as not to stain everything around with blood. It is recommended to apply a cool compress to the bridge of the nose and wings of the nose.

To stop bleeding in the nose, you can drip vasoconstrictor drops or put gauze swabs soaked in vasoconstrictor drops or hydrogen peroxide solution into the nostrils. In addition, you should ensure the flow of fresh air into the room.

From blowing your nose and intensive washing of the nasal cavity, as well as from tilting your head back, you should refrain. On average, nosebleeds stop within 5-7 minutes, but if this does not happen after 15 minutes or more, you need to call an ambulance.

If the child's nose bleeds frequently and profusely, this alarming symptom should not be ignored. Frequent blood loss depletes the body and eventually leads to anemia, as a result, immunity decreases, colds become frequent "guests". The child must be shown to an ENT doctor who will help find out the cause of this phenomenon and, if necessary, prescribe an additional examination.

The child often bleeds from the nose: prevention

Did everything work out using home remedies? This is good, but now is the time to think about preventive measures. And the first thing to do is to analyze and change the lifestyle of a child who often runs nosebleeds. Perhaps he spends little time in the fresh air, constantly does not get enough sleep, trains too much, or is loaded with educational tasks and “circles”.

Nosebleeds in children are a fairly common phenomenon, and although the sight of suddenly appearing red spots on a child’s clothes, a pillow, often shocks parents, as a rule, it does not contain anything particularly dangerous. When asked why children bleed from the nose, doctors answer quite reasonably: in order to understand the cause of any fears that arise, you should first go to your clinic and pass the appropriate prescribed tests. Only in this way can we definitely say what exactly is happening with the baby. However, there are some causes of nosebleeds that are common to most cases.

The nasal cavity of a person, and especially a child, is distinguished by an abundant blood supply, in addition, a developing organism has its own characteristics in anatomy and physiology. In children, the nasal mucosa is very delicate and sensitive to external influences, so any mechanical damage to the nose can lead to profuse bleeding.

A very common cause of nosebleeds is that children often like to stick their fingers up their noses, and sometimes other things. foreign objects. In such cases, with bleeding, one should not only do everything necessary to stop the bleeding, but also carefully check if there are any foreign objects in the child’s nose that can damage the delicate nasal mucosa. The Kisselbach zone is the name given to the plexus of vessels located in the nasal mucosa, which are distinguished by their bleeding, and not even necessarily with mechanical damage, but often spontaneously, for no apparent reason. That is why the Kisselbach zone is also called the bleeding zone, since the vascular plexus is located very close to the surface of the nasal mucosa and in the vast majority of cases it is the main source of blood coming from the nose.

The number one reason why children (as well as adults, by the way) bleed from the nose is pressure increase. Very often, a child's nose bleeds at night, during sleep. It is very, very important in such cases not to let the child be very frightened by the sight of his own blood, and for this, the parent himself should immediately stop twitching and calmly take all the necessary actions to eliminate this phenomenon, which is unpleasant in all respects. It is necessary to calm the child, explain to him that nothing terrible has happened, you should not take stupid actions, get scared yourself, run, fuss and scream. Often, many parents, as well as their children, have to explain that with nosebleeds, all this vital fluid will not come out of the child’s body, especially if all necessary actions are taken clearly and in a timely manner. In the house where children live, first aid should always be ready, so they should not be neglected.

Another, very common reason why a child, regardless of his age, is bleeding from the nose, may be increased fragility of blood vessels. A similar phenomenon can occur when there is a lack of vitamin C in the body of a child, since this vitamin is involved in the synthesis of a special protein that gives the vessels elasticity. Insufficient intake of foods rich in this vital vitamin can cause bleeding in the skin as well, gums become weak and bleed. Scurvy, a disease that affected sailors in past centuries, was caused precisely by an acute lack of vitamin C in the body, perhaps there is not a single sane person who would want to bring himself or his children to such an ailment, therefore , rich in various vitamins, is extremely necessary, especially in the winter - spring periods of the year.

In addition, the fragility of the vessels of the nose can be caused by the extreme dryness of the air in the room. Very often, especially in the cold season, it happens that the room in the room where the child is, in order to avoid a cold and all that unpleasant that accompanies it, is closed tightly. All the cracks are plugged, the windows are closed, the heater and steam heating are turned on. However, this is not entirely correct, since the air in the room must be constantly refreshed. It is quite possible to do this during the absence of the child, so as not to catch a cold. In addition, special devices designed to humidify the air, as well as indoor plants, will help to cope with this inconvenience.

Why do children very often bleed from the nose, we, in general terms, found out. Now a few words about what exactly should be done if this trouble happened, and, as always, at the most inopportune moment (during the game or, quite often, at night, during sleep).

1. You should calm down yourself and calm the child: senseless actions and panic can only interfere and harm.

2. It is necessary to seat the victim and tilt his head forward. As a rule, capillary bleeding stops on its own in a few minutes.

3. A pre-prepared first aid kit, in which everything you need should take place, will greatly simplify the process. Cotton swabs can be inserted into the child's nostrils after wetting them with hydrogen peroxide. If it so happened that there is no cotton wool at hand, you can pinch the sinuses of the nose with your fingers for a couple of minutes.

4. You can not lie down, throw back your head, blow your nose. If the bleeding does not stop for a long time, you need to call an ambulance.

A consultation with a doctor at a pediatric clinic seems necessary if nosebleeds follow a child with increased regularity. Most likely, to strengthen the vessels of the nose, the doctor will prescribe the drug Askorutin, as well as additional strengthening drugs and vitamins.

Why does a child bleed from the nose at night and what to do

When a child's nose bleeds at night, both the parents and the baby are usually very frightened. They begin to suspect that something is wrong with the health of their child and fall into a state of panic. Fortunately, in most cases, bleeding from the nose of a child at night does not conceal anything dangerous in itself. But with frequent nosebleeds, you should still consult a doctor who will prescribe an examination. This will help you calm yourself down and make sure that everything is really good.

So why does a child have a nosebleed at night and what to do in this case?

Reasons why a child's nose bleeds at night

The inner surface of the nasal cavity is too fragile and delicate, while it is literally littered with small blood vessels located close to the surface. It is very easy to damage them, therefore, most often, both daytime and nighttime nosebleeds in a child begin due to a mechanical injury to the nasal mucosa. During the day, this can be an accidental injury in a game or fight, and at night, an unsuccessful "landing" on the side of the bed or one's own hand while turning over in a dream.

Nosebleeds in a child at night only look terrifying, but in fact, so much blood is lost. Other reasons for this phenomenon include:

high sensitivity of blood vessels, which, even without mechanical injury, burst in very hot and dry weather; infections that affect the nose, sinuses, or throat; cold or flu; allergy; increased fragility of blood vessels; the presence of foreign bodies in the nasal cavity; physical overstrain during sports; the use of certain anti-inflammatory and vasoconstrictor drugs.

Also a common cause of blood from the nose in a child at night or during the day is the love of many children for picking in the nasal passages, especially after an illness, when the mucous membrane is thinned from the use of drugs and causes discomfort.

What to do if a child has a nosebleed at night

First of all, you should not fuss and frighten an already frightened baby with your chaotic actions. First you need to calm the child, who had a nosebleed at night, and calm down the parents themselves, in no case should you scold him or show your dissatisfaction with the situation. If he cries, the bleeding will only get worse.

If a child has a nosebleed at night, it is strictly forbidden to lie down and even more so to throw back his head and blow his nose! Since the result of such a situation will only be an imaginary cessation of bleeding. In fact, blood begins to flow into the throat, the child, swallowing it, may choke and this will lead to coughing and vomiting, which will only increase bleeding.

After the child calmed down, stopped crying, realized that nothing terrible had happened, you need to seat him comfortably and ask him to tilt the body forward a little (not back and not throw his head back, as they usually do!).

Fingers need to squeeze the nostrils and hold it for 8-10 minutes. A soft cloth or gauze should be pressed against the nose so that the blood is absorbed and does not stain everything around. Checking whether the bleeding has stopped before 10 minutes is not worth it. After this time, a cold compress should be applied to the nose.

It is also possible to install a 3 x 0.5 cm tampon in the nasal passage, made of sterile cotton wool and moistened with 3% hydrogen peroxide or vasoconstrictor drops, for example, such as Naphthyzin. "Galazolin" and "Sanorin".

So that in the future the child does not bleed from the nose at night, you need to monitor the level of humidity in the room, if necessary, you should get a humidifier. Ventilation of the room and daily wet cleaning and elimination of all sources of dust are required.

Hospitalization if the child bleeds from the nose at night

When is hospitalization needed? If, despite all efforts, it is not possible to stop the bleeding within 20-25 minutes or more, or, on the contrary, it intensifies, it is urgent to contact an ambulance. With repeatedly appearing and quickly ending bleeding, you also need to seek help from the clinic.

If a child has a nosebleed at night and his condition has deteriorated sharply, a call to an ambulance is mandatory. Children with renal hypertension, bleeding disorders, nausea and vomiting are subject to emergency hospitalization.

If you have questions for the doctor, please ask them on the consultation page. To do this, click on the button:

Nosebleed in a child.

Every parent at least once in their life is faced with such a problem as nosebleeds in a child. Therefore, it is necessary to know how to properly stop bleeding, how to provide first aid to a child, in which cases you can handle it yourself, and in which you need to contact a specialist.

Causes of nosebleeds

Causes of nosebleeds are general and local. Local nosebleeds occur due to microtrauma of the nasal mucosa, such injuries occur quite often, not only in children, but also in adults. In another case, nosebleeds in a child become one of the symptoms of systemic blood diseases or some somatic disease, such as acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections, etc.
As a rule, if the nosebleed is local, then the blood comes from one nostril, if the cause is common, then the blood comes from both. But only an otolaryngologist can make a diagnosis by examining the child.

Local causes of nosebleeds

One of the most common local causes of epistaxis is the proximity of the vascular bundle to the surface of the mucous membrane. In this case, the child’s nose can bleed when sneezing, laughing, crying, blowing his nose, physical exertion, since the walls of the most delicate blood vessels cannot withstand stress and burst. A deviated nasal septum can also cause frequent relapses.
Another local problem of nosebleeds is too vulnerable mucous membrane. It is enough for the baby to pick more actively in the nose and as a result, nosebleeds will open.

How to stop nosebleeds?

Nosebleeds must be stopped, because blood loss can lead to such unpleasant consequences as a drop in blood pressure, anemia, etc.

If the baby has nosebleeds, and you are sure that it is of a local nature, then first of all reassure the child. The more the baby is nervous and crying, the more his blood vessels expand, which means that the bleeding will increase.

Make sure that the child breathes through the mouth, otherwise the nosebleed may get worse.

Many parents think that with nosebleeds it is necessary to tilt the child's head, this is an erroneous opinion. Never tilt your child's head back when his nose is bleeding, because in this position, blood can enter the respiratory tract and into the gastrointestinal tract. If blood enters the respiratory tract, inflammation of the respiratory system and breath holding may occur. If blood enters the gastrointestinal tract, the child may vomit, which will increase nosebleeds.

The baby’s head must be tilted down so that the blood comes out easier, ask him to blow his nose, but only very carefully so that the clots come out, after which a cotton swab moistened with a three percent solution of hydrogen peroxide or any vasoconstrictor drops.

Then seat the baby so that he does not run and jump, but sits quietly for a while. It is also recommended to put a cold compress on the bridge of the nose or the back of the head, the cold will help the vessels narrow faster.
The above measures are usually enough to stop a child's nosebleed. But if the nosebleed does not stop within twenty minutes or after some time it resumes again, you need to seek help from specialists, call an ambulance.

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Nosebleeds are a common problem in childhood and adolescence. This is due both to the physiological features of the structure of the nasal passages and the functioning of the immune system in children.

Parents' opinions about nosebleeds differ: someone does not see the danger in this phenomenon and does not attach much importance to the problem, while someone, on the contrary, begins to worry and worry, even if there are no visible reasons for this.

In any case, recurrent bleeding should not be ignored - they can be the first signal of possible health problems.

Runny nose and other causes of nosebleeds in one-year-olds and adolescents

Nosebleeds are the result of damage to capillaries, of which there are a huge number in the nasal cavity. Young children can simply "pick" the surface of the mucosa, which leads to the flow of blood.

But not always the reasons for this phenomenon can be harmless. Sometimes frequent nosebleeds indicate a serious pathology, so this symptom (especially if the baby is too small) cannot be ignored.

Reduced air humidity.

Dry air contains a lot of dust and harmful elements, which, when inhaled, settle on the mucous membranes and form growths (crusts). In addition, low air humidity adversely affects the condition of the mucosa, leading to its depletion. This process is called mucosal atrophy. If a child, picking his nose, picks up a dried outgrowth, a wound is formed, and capillary bleeding occurs.

Arterial hypertension.

Pressure problems can also lead to nosebleeds. In this case, bleeding only benefits the child, as it prevents more serious consequences, such as cerebral hemorrhage. Bleeding is usually preceded by headache, weakness, deterioration of health. After the bleeding stops, the child feels much better.

Diseases of the hematopoietic system.

Violations in the processes of blood clotting (coagulopathy) is another serious cause of nosebleeds. In this case, the gums and other areas with mucous membranes will also bleed.

Vitamin deficiency.

A poor and monotonous diet with a low content of useful elements (minerals and vitamins) can lead to various deviations and diseases. A lack of vitamin C negatively affects the condition of blood vessels - they become brittle, and their walls are depleted, which increases the likelihood of damage.

Overheat.

Especially often children get sun and heat strokes during summer walks. To avoid them, it is necessary to follow the rules for children to stay in the sun in the summer. Walking during the high solstice (from 12 to 17 hours) for children under 6 years old is strictly prohibited.

Infectious and respiratory diseases.

Colds, as well as diseases caused mainly by viruses, lead to the formation of edema of the nasal mucosa and an increase in pressure in the capillaries, which cannot withstand the increased load and burst.

Inflammatory pathologies.

Inflammation of the sinuses (sinusitis, sinusitis, frontal sinusitis), as well as adenoids, contribute to the filling of the mucous membranes with blood.

fluctuations in barometric pressure.

During an air flight or traveling in the mountains, a child may have a nosebleed. The reason will be the increased rarefaction of air in unusual conditions for the child.

Pathology of the heart and blood vessels.

Pressure surges in the vessels located in the neck and head area leads to fragility of the vascular walls and the onset of bleeding.

Anatomical features of the structure.

Some children have very narrow nasal passages, so any impact in the nasal cavity leads to injury to the mucous membrane and bleeding.

Taking medication.

Some parents are too zealous in treating a runny nose and use vasoconstrictor drugs designed to eliminate swelling and restore normal breathing.

Such drugs should not be used for more than 3 days, as they not only lose their effectiveness (addiction sets in), but also dry out the mucous membrane, making it thin and susceptible to mechanical stress.

Injuries and bruises.

If a child is bleeding from the nose, the cause may be a bruise. During a fall, children often hit their head and face, so you should carefully examine the surface and nasal cavity for lacerations. If any are found, you should take the baby to the children's hospital.

Why does the nose bleed in a baby?

In newborns and infants, frequent nosebleeds are usually the result of anatomical features.

The nasal passages are still too narrow, and the capillaries are weak, so they often burst with any overvoltage or exposure to an irritating factor. For example, with a long and strong crying, the baby may bleed from the nose.

If the house is hot, and the air humidity does not meet the required standards, nosebleeds can also be repeated with enviable frequency.

Nosebleeds in teenagers: causes

The causes of nosebleeds in teenagers are the same as for other children. But some features can still be distinguished. For example, during puberty (especially in girls), the likelihood of bleeding increases by 2 times. Increased workload at school, rare walks also adversely affect the state of blood vessels, including nasal capillaries.

Walking is essential for children of all ages. Teenagers are no exception. Children over 12 years of age should be outside for at least 3-4 hours in good weather, and at least 2 hours if the temperature is low or there is little wind. Algorithm of actions Rules for the provision of first (emergency) care for nosebleeds in a child: Calm the child and persuade him to spit out the blood. If the child is too small and cannot spit, gently tilt his head down and try to open his jaws with his hands. In cases where the baby resists too actively, the action should be stopped. Apply a clean, dense cloth to your nose and press it for 8-10 minutes. If there are no tissues, or the bleeding is quite intense, you can take a towel. Apply a cold compress to the bridge of the nose. You can use frozen vegetables from the freezer, after wrapping them with a towel or a thin diaper. If after 10-15 minutes, the blood does not stop, call an ambulance. In the video, Dr. Komarovsky describes to parents the main mistakes they make when traveling to stop bleeding. How to stop bleeding in the chest? The technology for stopping bleeding in infants is not much different from the rules applied to older children and adolescents. First you need to calm the baby. If the baby is very frightened, this can cause an increase in blood pressure and increased bleeding. The baby should not be allowed to cry. Babies do not know how to spit out blood that has accumulated in the oral cavity, therefore, with an attack of strong crying, there is a possibility of blood clots getting into the throat and respiratory tract. If the baby already knows how to sit, he should be put on his knees and tilt his head slightly forward. If a newborn or a one-year-old baby is bleeding, you should take him in your arms with his back up, but at the same time you need to support your head with one hand so that it is constantly raised. Then proceed according to the algorithm: attach a napkin or cloth and apply cold to the bridge of the nose. What can not be done? It is forbidden to tilt the child's head back, as he may choke on blood. For the same reason, do not use cotton swabs (put them in the nostril) in infants, as they do not know how to breathe through their mouths, and blood can enter the respiratory tract. By the way, plugging the nostrils with tampons is not recommended for teenagers either, since during extraction they can again injure the mucous membrane, which will lead to repeated bleeding. Going to the hospital with frequent bleeding Despite the fact that blood from the nose is most often not a sign of pathology, in some cases you still have to show the baby to the doctor. The baby needs urgent medical attention when: blood comes from both nostrils; it is not possible to stop the bleeding on its own (within 15 minutes); blood comes from the nose and from other organs (for example, bleeding from the vaginal tract is observed at the same time); blood went after taking any drug (may mean the beginning of an anaphylactic reaction); blood flows like a fountain. Important! These conditions are the reason for the urgent hospitalization of the child and a thorough examination. If blood from the nose flows regularly (with a frequency of more than 1 time in 10-14 days), you should take tests, find out why bleeding is bothering you and get expert advice. You can start with a visit to a pediatrician or an otolaryngologist, who, after reviewing the results of laboratory tests, will prescribe additional studies and an examination of specialized specialists, for example: a cardiologist; pediatric oncologist; hematologist. Walking and twisting in the morning as a preventive measure In order for the vessels to be strong and elastic, it is important to ensure sufficient intake of vitamins and minerals (zinc, potassium, sodium, vitamins C, A, E). To do this, the child's diet should contain all the main food groups recommended for the nutrition of children of a particular age category. Without fail, fruits and vegetables (according to the season), meat and fish, eggs, liver, nuts, dairy products, greens and cereals must be present on the table. Regular ventilation and humidification of the air in the room where the child spends most of the time will help to avoid thinning of the mucous membrane.

Ideally, a humidifier should be in the children's room, but if it is not possible to purchase one, you can use the old method: hang wet towels on the radiators or put pots of water on the shelves.

The use of heating devices is best done only in case of emergency. The optimal air temperature for a child's room is 20-22 °C in the morning (and 16-18 °C at night).

Regular walks, and in any weather, in the mornings and evenings, are also the key to the health of the mucous membranes. If a little rain drips outside, this is not a reason to cancel the walk. On the contrary, such air has a very positive effect on the condition of the nasal cavity, helping to fight bacteria and viruses.

Bleeding from the nose cannot be called a pathological condition, since in most cases the causes of this phenomenon are associated with anatomy and physiology. But it's not worth starting the problem, especially if it comes back again and again. With timely access to a doctor, violations can be detected in the early stages, which makes it possible to successfully treat many diseases and prevent the development of complications.