Orvi uterine bleeding. How to properly stop uterine bleeding when you can do it at home. Uterine bleeding with menopause

Uterine bleeding in medicine is commonly called dysfunctional uterine bleeding - this is pathological, abundant blood discharge from the uterus. They are one of the most striking manifestations of hormonal dysfunction in women. Therefore, the main cause of uterine bleeding most often lies in the violation of the production of female sex hormones. This pathology can be in any woman, at any age, so uterine bleeding is classified according to the age criterion as follows:

Uterine bleeding at the age of 12-18 years - during puberty or juvenile age
During the reproductive age of 18-45 years
In menopause 45-55 years, when ovarian function fades

Symptoms or signs of uterine bleeding are expressed either by a significant discharge of blood during menstruation, or an increase in the duration of menstruation, as well as acyclic bleeding or metrorrhagia, when there is no menstruation for 6 to 8 or more weeks, and then bleeding of varying intensity develops.

How to independently determine uterine bleeding - symptoms of blood loss

Causes of uterine bleeding

Consider the causes of dysfunctional uterine bleeding depending on the age of the woman, since at different periods of a woman's life, the risk factors for bleeding are different.

Uterine bleeding at the age of 12-18 years

In this period, uterine bleeding appears in almost 20% of all gynecological pathologies in girls, this is due to a violation of the formation of hormonal regulation for a number of reasons:

Provoking factors are mental or physical trauma
Hypovitaminosis, malnutrition
and thyroid gland
Various serious childhood infectious diseases also affect the occurrence of signs of uterine bleeding in pubertal girls - influenza, chronic tonsillitis, chickenpox, measles (see), mumps, whooping cough (), etc.
If a girl was born to a mother with a complicated pregnancy and pathological childbirth.
Rarely, but there are cases when bleeding disorders or tuberculosis of the female genital organs are the cause of bleeding.

Causes of uterine bleeding in women of reproductive age

In childbearing age, this pathology among all gynecological diseases is only 5% of cases. As a rule, uterine bleeding is accompanied by ovarian dysfunction, the causes of which are a number of provoking factors:

Stressful situations, chronic neuropsychic stress, overwork
Occupational hazard, living in cities with developed chemical and metallurgical industries
Changing of the climate
Various inflammatory and infectious diseases of the female reproductive system, which lead to thickening of the ovarian capsule, and also reduce the sensitivity of their tissues to gonadotropins, as well as:
- Chronic endometritis, uterine endometriosis
- Myoma
- Polyps and malignant neoplasms of the cervix and the uterus itself
- Tumors of the ovaries
Surgical or medical termination of pregnancy, miscarriage,
The use of drugs that cause dysfunction of the hypothalamus-pituitary system.

Uterine bleeding during menopause

This is the most common pathology that occurs in premenopausal women - 15% of all gynecological diseases in this age group. This is due to a natural decrease in gonadotropins secreted by the pituitary gland, therefore, during menopause, the release of hormones occurs irregularly, ovulation, development of the corpus luteum, folliculogenesis. Especially often, uterine bleeding accompanies menopausal syndrome - in 30% of cases, when they are significantly pronounced and intense. With a characteristic of the menopause, hyperestrogenism and endometrial growth develop.

If a woman aged 45-55 years has uterine bleeding, other pathologies that can cause them should be excluded, so the woman should be performed twice - both before and after diagnostic curettage. The most common causes of uterine bleeding in this case are:

endometriosis
uterine fibroids
Polyps of the uterus
Rarely, ovarian tumors are hormonally active.

Common causes of uterine bleeding

Thyroid dysfunction - with diseases such as hyperthyroidism and increases the risk of symptoms of uterine bleeding.
Violation of the hormonal background. This is the most common cause of uterine bleeding in young girls and women over 45 years of age. With a normal hormonal background, when the balance between progesterone and is optimal, blood loss during menstruation is usually minimal. When this imbalance is disturbed, uterine bleeding occurs.
Diseases of the circulatory system. With a decrease in the level of platelets, as well as with other blood diseases, bleeding in women is also possible.
Myoma of the uterus. Especially severe bleeding opens in women with internal uterine myoma, when the only way out is surgery.
Adenomyosis. This disease is characterized by the fusion of the inner and muscular layers of the uterus, menstruation with adenomyosis becomes painful, prolonged and plentiful, since the menstruating area grows significantly.
Polyps. These are benign formations that often occur in women of childbearing age. With a significant number or size of them, their removal is indicated, since they are the cause of uterine bleeding and painful menstruation.
Ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, placental abruption. These complications during pregnancy have recently been quite common in women. With any bloody discharge during pregnancy, a woman should immediately call an ambulance, since bleeding can threaten the life of not only the baby, but also the expectant mother.
Malignant neoplasms of the genital organs. This is the most serious cause of possible bleeding, and regardless of the location of the tumor - the uterus, cervix, ovaries, with any bleeding, a woman should first of all exclude cancer, since in our time oncological tension increases every year, and no longer has clear age limits , oncology occurs in both very young women and in women during menopause.
Breakthrough uterine bleeding. This reason is directly related to the use of intrauterine contraceptives - spirals or the use of hormonal contraceptives. The risk of bleeding especially increases after the simultaneous use of both contraceptives and anticoagulants (aspirin). Breakthrough bleeding may be minor when hormonal contraceptives are started as an adaptation to the drug. In these cases, the dosage should be reviewed or the drug should be discontinued, if this does not help, then another cause of uterine bleeding should be sought. Also, blood loss occurs against the background of damage to the uterus by an intrauterine device, and it should be removed as soon as possible.

If something unusual happens during menstruation, in the middle of the cycle, during pregnancy or the premenopausal period, with the slightest suspicion of incipient bleeding, a woman should immediately contact her gynecologist for advice, examination and establishment of the true cause of uterine bleeding, since only knowing the exact diagnosis can begin adequate and timely treatment.

For emergency symptomatic treatment of uterine bleeding, experts recommend the following hemostatic drugs: etamsylate, vikasol, dicynone, aminocaproic acid, calcium preparations.

Uterine bleeding is the discharge of blood from the uterus, caused by various reasons. It may be due to gynecological diseases, pathology that occurred during pregnancy, childbirth and the early postpartum period. Sometimes bleeding is associated with trauma to the genital organs or diseases of the hematopoietic system.

Not all uterine bleeding requires treatment, because, in fact, menstruation is also uterine bleeding, but in this case it is physiological, not pathological. Menstruation is a regular uterine bleeding that occurs in women who have reached puberty, which develops as a result of rejection of the functional layer of the endometrium. Menstruation is absent until puberty in girls, during pregnancy and some time after childbirth, and also in menopause.

Mandatory treatment requires dysfunctional and obstetric bleeding.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is a pathological process that occurs as a result of violations of the functions of the organs responsible for the regulation of the menstrual cycle. There are ovulatory (occurring in women of reproductive age) and anovulatron (occurring in puberty or menopause) dysfunctional uterine bleeding.

Obstetric bleeding is uterine bleeding that occurs during pregnancy, during childbirth and in the early postpartum period. These bleedings are dangerous because they begin suddenly, and very quickly there is a large blood loss, which can lead to a violation of the vital functions of the body. Treatment of such bleeding is carried out by specialists in obstetric institutions.

If a girl before the onset of puberty (10-11 years old) or a woman in menopause begins bleeding from the genital tract, you should immediately contact a specialist, since this, in the vast majority of cases, is uterine bleeding. It is more difficult to recognize uterine bleeding in women of reproductive age. Very often, pathological bleeding is regarded as menstruation (which did not start on time, protracted, more abundant), since the signs of these phenomena are similar.

Symptoms of uterine bleeding

In fact, menstruation is also uterine bleeding, but not pathological, but physiological.

Bleeding started in the middle of the menstrual cycle;
the duration of menstruation is more than 7 days;
during menstruation, a lot of blood clots come out of the genital tract;
hygiene products (tampon, pad) are saturated with blood in one hour, and this situation persists for several hours;
the appearance of weakness, a feeling of fatigue;
lower abdomen and lower back;
as a result of a blood test, anemia was diagnosed, which does not have other apparent causes.

Treatment

It is very important to stop abnormal uterine bleeding as soon as possible and correctly, as it can lead to severe anemia and other complications. Therefore, if signs of such bleeding appear, you should immediately contact a gynecologist. It should be noted that treatment with folk remedies is permissible, but only after consulting a doctor and with his permission.

With dysfunctional uterine bleeding, hemostatic drugs are prescribed, as well as hormonal agents. Hormone therapy can be prescribed as an emergency measure or as a long-term treatment. The choice of hormonal agents (usually oral contraceptives are prescribed) and the scheme of their administration can only be carried out by a doctor. These drugs are necessary to restore disturbed hormonal balance, and their improper use can contribute to the occurrence of new uterine bleeding.

Curettage of the uterine cavity is a procedure performed in women of reproductive and postmenopausal age to quickly stop uterine bleeding. It also allows you to diagnose the cause of the developed pathology. In adolescence and in young women (especially those who have not given birth), curettage of the uterus is carried out according to health indications.

Symptomatic treatment is necessary to eliminate the consequences of uterine bleeding. With heavy bleeding, women are prescribed infusion therapy to replenish blood loss. In most cases, it is also justified to prescribe drugs for the treatment of anemia. With severe anemia, intramuscular administration of drugs is possible, with a mild degree of anemia, their oral administration is recommended.

Restorative therapy (immunomodulating agents, vitamins, antioxidants) is also necessary. Often, the causes of uterine bleeding are an unhealthy lifestyle, stressful situations, psycho-emotional upheavals, so it may be necessary to prescribe sedatives.

Which doctor to contact

A woman with uterine bleeding should contact a gynecologist as soon as possible in order to find out its cause and take measures to eliminate it.

With intense uterine bleeding, it is necessary to call an ambulance, which will take the patient to a gynecological hospital. Uterine bleeding is treated by a gynecologist. Additionally, in severe anemia, a hematologist consultation is required.

Uterine bleeding in the intermenstrual period is a dangerous phenomenon. Many women face it, considering this serious deviation as a violation of the menstrual cycle. Acyclic bleeding has no connection with reproductive function, but they are caused by general disorders of the female organ. They occur most often at the age of 35 - 50 due to malfunctions in the ovaries, which are responsible for the maturation of germ cells and the production of hormones.

What can threaten bleeding, what do they indicate? First of all, they are a symptom of the most dangerous diseases from the point of view. Bleeding can be signaled by the following:
chronic course of the inflammatory process in the pelvic organs or appendages;
blood problems;
dysfunction of the endocrine glands.

However, you should not be scared prematurely and self-diagnose.

Symptoms of uterine bleeding

How to distinguish ordinary bloody menstrual flow? First you need to understand that the normal cycle length is 21 - 35 days. The very same menstrual bleeding occurs monthly for 3 to 7 days, and the amount of blood released should not exceed 80 ml. If these data do not correspond to a specific situation, uterine bleeding can be judged.

The classification of deviation is represented by such varieties as:
menorrhagia - prolonged, profuse and persistent bleeding;
metrorrhagia - slight spotting in the intermenstrual period;
polymenorrhea - frequent, the interval between which does not reach 21 days;
menometrorrhagia - irregular but prolonged bleeding from the uterus.

What is dangerous uterine bleeding

Despite the painlessness of uterine bleeding, it causes general weakness and lethargy. Women experience dizziness and complain of constant headaches. In the absence of timely adequate treatment, blood lost in large quantities becomes the cause of anemia.

If the bleeding from the uterus was not caused by an illness, the gynecologist will recommend avoiding stress and reviewing your work and rest schedule.

In a decrease in the amount of iron and red blood cells is found, which can threaten a woman's health with big problems. Bleeding that occurs during menopause deserves special attention. So the body can signal the development of various pathologies up to malignant tumors.

Sources:

Uterine bleeding
Types of bleeding from the uterus

Treatment of uterine bleeding is carried out only in a hospital. The actions of a specialist are to stop bleeding, find out and eliminate its cause and prescribe measures that help replenish blood loss.

Definition of uterine bleeding, its causes

Uterine bleeding is a profuse discharge of blood from the uterine cavity. Its difference from normal menstruation is the duration of the discharge and the amount of blood released.

The causes of uterine bleeding can be various diseases of the female genital organs: fibroids, adenomyosis, endometriosis, inflammation of the uterus, and benign and malignant tumors. For some, the problem of bleeding was recorded as a complication of childbirth.

During puberty, juvenile bleeding is explained by ovarian dysfunction caused by chronic infections, malnutrition, excessive physical exertion and psychological trauma.

Gynecology also describes such a type of uterine bleeding as dysfunctional, in which a violation of the functions of the genital organs occurs for no apparent reason. This deviation is explained by a violation of the production of hormones responsible for the normal functioning of the genital organs.

Very rarely, extragenital diseases that are not related to the genitals become factors in the development of uterine bleeding. These pathologies include:
liver damage;
diseases associated with impaired blood clotting.

In this case, the complaints of patients are supplemented by such symptoms as: bleeding gums and nosebleeds, prolonged bleeding on the skin, bruising even with minor bruises.

How to distinguish uterine bleeding from heavy menstruation

A significant increase in the volume of released blood is the first sign of bleeding. During normal menstruation, no more than 80 ml of blood should be released. If hygiene products have to be changed too often, bleeding can already be suspected.

The next alarming symptom is an increase in the duration of bleeding. If menstruation does not stop after 7 days from its start, you should consult a gynecologist.

Irregular discharge or a shift in the menstrual cycle up or down may indicate bleeding. The duration of a normal cycle is 21-35 days.

Causeless bleeding after intercourse and spotting in the postmenopausal period can also be symptoms of diseases of the female genital area.

Why are uterine bleeding dangerous?

With blood loss in large quantities, iron deficiency anemia develops, which is confirmed by a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin at. Manifestations of anemia are expressed by pallor of the skin, shortness of breath, weakness, dizziness.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

It is important to understand what symptoms in women should be attributed to pathological manifestations. So, bleeding should be considered a situation where heavy menstruation is accompanied by an hourly change of pads. In addition, bloody discharge outside the established frequency should also be referred to the concept of "bleeding". And in cases of the presence of mucous heterogeneities in such secretions, it can be guaranteed that there is uterine bleeding with blood clots on the face.

Despite the dynamic development of medical science, case studies still do not provide complete answers to questions related to the origin of the symptom in question. However, there are a number of causes of uterine bleeding with clots that modern science has reliably identified.

Hormonal failure, endometriosis, use of contraceptives

One of the main causes of uterine bleeding with clots is hormonal failure of the body. Such a physiological deviation in women is due to the fact that dysfunction of the pituitary gland, ovaries or adrenal glands occurs. As a result of such a violation, estrogens begin to be produced abundantly, which provokes the growth of the internal mucous tissue of the uterus. In this case, menstruation begins prematurely due to the release of the egg from the follicle, which occurred ahead of schedule. This condition is accompanied by a fairly strong uterine bleeding with clots. This situation requires appropriate correction, for which a woman needs to undergo an urgent examination for a course of treatment.

The symptom of endometriosis is also accompanied by profuse pathological bleeding of the uterus with clots. In this case, a woman has menstrual blood entering the fallopian tubes and retaining it in the nearest organs. Moreover, these cells, in turn, are also subject to periodic changes and every month they secrete blood clots. Such a female pathology is quite painful and is accompanied by a mass of negative sensations. Therefore, it is necessary to diagnose this disease in a timely manner and correctly correct it.

An analysis of numerous reviews of specialists and patients suggests that one of the most common cases of uterine bleeding with clots in women is their use of certain types of contraceptives in intimate life. For example, when using the uterine spiral, a situation arises with uneven rejection of the formed endometrium. Symptoms of this disease are accompanied by physical malaise and fever. Also, the use of some improperly selected oral contraceptives provokes uneven and untimely production of hormones. This situation, as a rule, is also accompanied by profuse and premature bleeding of the uterus with mucus clots. In this case, it is necessary to urgently stop taking these drugs and undergo a mandatory course of rehabilitation of the body.

Inflammatory processes and infections, ectopic pregnancy, threatened miscarriage and neoplasms

The practice of observing uterine bleeding with clots in women also suggests that this pathology may be accompanied by cases of complications due to sexually transmitted infections. In order to avoid irreparable health consequences, patients need to urgently undergo a course of treatment. In addition, the symptom in question can be observed in women with inflammation of the ovaries. This disease is accompanied by cutting and pulling pain in the lumbar region and lower abdomen.

An ectopic pregnancy that has arisen due to the incorrect location of the fetal egg must necessarily be interrupted at the prescribed time. Symptoms of this pathology are pain, physical ailments, low blood pressure and profuse blood discharge with clots. Timely medical intervention, as a rule, avoids serious consequences for a woman's health.

The threat of miscarriage during pregnancy is also accompanied by uterine bleeding with mucus clots. In addition, the woman experiences severe spasms in the lower part of the abdominal cavity. Correction of this pathology is carried out with preserving and hemostatic drugs. In this case, everything depends on the timeliness of treatment. If therapy was prescribed quickly, then the threat of miscarriage can usually be avoided.

Uterine bleeding with clots can also occur as a result of neoplasms. So, uterine fibroids or a cyst on the ovary can provoke this pathology. In this case, abundant bleeding occurs, as a rule, due to the onset of complications associated with tumor rupture and internal hemorrhage. You can avoid serious consequences by contacting medical specialists in a timely manner.

How to stop uterine bleeding with clots

Effective correction of severe uterine bleeding with mucus clots is prescribed in accordance with their causes. Hemostatic drugs are often used. However, it is worth knowing that such therapy is excluded for ectopic pregnancy, cyst rupture and ovarian apoplexy.

Among the most commonly used and fairly effective drugs used for uterine bleeding with clots, the following can be distinguished:

- "Dicinon";

- "Etamzilat";

- "Tranexam";

- "Vikasol";

Aminocaproic acid and others.

In addition, in order to tone the muscles of the uterus, Oxytocin, Hyfotocin, Pituitrin and other drugs can be prescribed. This therapy, by stimulating uterine contractions, helps reduce discharge and stop bleeding. It is important to know that the use of intravenous drugs will help to achieve the desired effect as quickly as possible.

The following information should be taken as helpful advice in the event of uterine bleeding with mucus clots:

Urgently call the ambulance service;

Take any sedative medicine at hand;

Lie down in a horizontal position.

Uterine bleeding should be understood as the discharge of blood from the uterine cavity. They are distinguished from menstruation by the intensity, volume, duration of blood loss, as well as regularity.

Causes of uterine bleeding.
Uterine bleeding occurs due to a malfunction of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian system, which regulates ovarian function, these are the so-called dysfunctional bleedings. Violation of the process of production of gonadotropic hormones of the pituitary gland, which affect the maturation of the follicle and ovulation, leads to disturbances in folliculogenesis and menstrual function. Moreover, the follicle in the ovary does not mature or matures without ovulation, but. this means that the corpus luteum is not formed either. As a result, estrogens (hyperestrogenia) affect the uterus, since the production of progesterone stops, its cycle is disrupted. Hyperplasia occurs (when the endometrium grows too much), and further rejection of the endometrium, which is accompanied by uterine bleeding, which is profuse and prolonged.

It is important to note that hyperestrogenism in dysfunctional uterine bleeding greatly increases the risk of developing adenocarcinoma, fibrocystic mastopathy, diseases of the uterus and appendages, and breast cancer.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is divided into ovulatory, that is, associated with menstruation (deviations in the volume and duration of blood loss during menstruation), and anovulatory - observed between menstruation and occurring after a delay or less than 21 days after the last menstruation. Ovarian dysfunction often provokes the development of infertility, miscarriage. By contacting a doctor in time, namely immediately after the onset of menstrual disorders, you will avoid dangerous consequences in the future.

The causes of uterine bleeding can also be diseases of the uterus and appendages, in particular fibroids, endometriosis, adenomyosis, various tumors of a benign and malignant nature. In very rare cases, diseases that are not related to the work of the genital organs, in particular diseases of the liver, blood, violation of its coagulability, can contribute to the development of uterine bleeding. In this case, in addition to uterine bleeding, patients note other types of bleeding (nasal, bleeding gums, severe blood loss with minor cuts, etc.). Such bleeding is classified as organic, that is, associated with the political science of the genital organs or systemic diseases.

Uterine bleeding (profuse) can also occur with hypothyroidism (hyperthyroidism) or a malfunction of the thyroid gland.

Uterine bleeding is also noted as a complication of pregnancy and childbirth. Prolonged bleeding from the uterus can be observed with anemia.

You should also highlight iatrogenic bleeding observed due to the use of intrauterine contraceptives, the use of non-hormonal and hormonal contraceptives, drugs that help thin the blood.

Symptoms of uterine bleeding.
The main manifestation of this pathological condition is the discharge of blood from the vulva. Uterine bleeding differs from normal menstruation:

Increased blood loss (normal up to 40-80 ml, pathology - over 80 ml). A woman may notice a pathology due to the need for a more frequent change of hygiene products (every half hour to one and a half).
Increased bleeding time (over seven days).
Menstrual disorders associated with a decrease or increase in its interval.
The occurrence of bleeding after sexual contact.
Observed uterine bleeding in the postmenopausal period, after the cessation of menstruation.

From here, the following symptoms of uterine bleeding can be noted:

Menorrhagia (hypermenorrhea) - excessive and prolonged menstruation, while maintaining their regularity (21-35 days).
Metrorrhagia - low-intensity spotting in the middle of the cycle.
Menometrorrhagia - prolonged bleeding of an irregular nature.
Polymenorrhea is a violation of the cycle, expressed in too frequent bleeding (less than 21 days). As a rule, prolonged and intense blood loss in this pathology provokes the development of iron deficiency anemia (low hemoglobin in the blood), in which dizziness, weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath are common symptoms.

Types of uterine bleeding.

Uterine bleeding in the neonatal period.
Occur, as a rule, in the first week of life and are of a meager bloody nature. Their appearance is due to a sharp change in hormonal levels. They pass quickly and on their own, usually no treatment is needed.

Uterine bleeding of the first decade (before puberty).
They are observed very rarely and are explained by the presence of ovarian tumors, which can produce an increased level of sex hormones (so-called hormonally active tumors). As a result, false puberty is observed.

Juvenile uterine bleeding.
As a rule, they occur in the period of puberty of girls (from 12 to 18 years). The main cause that causes bleeding in this period is ovarian dysfunction. The reasons for such failures can be psychological trauma, chronic infections, excessive physical activity, frequent cases of acute respiratory viral infections, and malnutrition. In addition, such a factor as seasonality plays an important role here. Winter and spring are the periods in which bleeding is most common, while, as a rule, they are anovulatory, that is, when ovulation does not occur. Very rarely, but such cases occur when tuberculous lesions of the genital organs, blood clotting disorders, tumors of the ovaries, cervix and body of the uterus can provoke bleeding. Prolonged and severe uterine bleeding during this period provokes the development of anemia. Treatment of girls during this period is carried out only in stationary conditions.

If bleeding occurs, be sure to call an ambulance, and at this time the girl must be provided with complete rest and bed rest. She should take a hemostatic drug (it can be aminocaproic acid, Dicinon, Vikasol (one tablet), put a cold heating pad on the lower abdomen. In stationary conditions, the treatment is symptomatic. Mainly used hemostatic drugs, drugs whose action is aimed at reducing the uterus (Oxytocin) If this is not enough, hormonal drugs are prescribed to stop the bleeding.

Curettage with this kind of bleeding is not performed, with the exception of heavy and life-threatening bleeding, which even hormonal treatment could not stop. In order to prevent the development of rebleeding, vitamin therapy, iron preparations, as well as some physiotherapy procedures, acupuncture are prescribed.

After the bleeding has been stopped, specialists prescribe estrogen-progestogen drugs, the purpose of which is to restore the normal menstrual cycle. During the recovery period, physical exercises, a balanced diet, and the treatment of existing chronic infections play a special role.

Bleeding in the reproductive period (age from 18 to 45 years).
During this period, there can be a lot of reasons for the development of uterine bleeding. Dysfunctional factors mainly affect the production of sex hormones due to abortions, endocrine diseases (obesity, diabetes, etc.) and infectious nature, severe stress, various intoxications, as well as taking certain medications. Bleeding of a dysfunctional nature can be observed at absolutely any age, from puberty to the menopausal period.

Often, dysfunctional uterine bleeding occurs during childbearing, in particular in the early stages of pregnancy, this is most often due to the threat of miscarriage and ectopic pregnancy (pain in the lower abdomen, delayed menstruation and normal signs of pregnancy are observed), and in the later stages this condition occurs due to placenta previa or cystic drift. At the first sign of bleeding during pregnancy, no matter how long, you need to go to the doctor. In the early stages, with timely treatment and appropriate therapy, pregnancy can be saved, but in the later stages, there is often a need for curettage.

At the end of the second and beginning of the third trimesters of gestation, bleeding can be life-threatening for both the mother and the baby, so a quick call to a specialist plays a huge role here. Often, bleeding occurs against the background of placenta previa (when the entrance to the uterus is partially or completely blocked), placental abruption, and also in case of uterine rupture. In these situations, bleeding can be internal and external, and therefore requires an emergency caesarean section. The fair sex, who are at risk of developing such conditions, should be regularly observed by specialists. In the process of labor, the occurrence of bleeding (mainly due to placental abruption, atony or hypotension of the uterus) is especially dangerous, since it is accompanied by large amounts of blood loss.

After delivery, the main causes of bleeding are:

poor uterine tone and its weak ability to contract;
not completely released parts of the membranes;
blood clotting disorder.

In the childbearing period, uterine diseases can also provoke uterine bleeding: fibroids, endometriosis, tumors of various nature, chronic inflammation (endometritis), hormone-dependent ovarian tumors.

Uterine bleeding in menopause.
In menopause, such conditions develop due to a violation of the production of hormones or against the background of diseases of the genital organs. Since hormonal changes occur in the body during this period, bleeding is a common occurrence, however, it is important to consult a doctor, as they can be harbingers of malignant or benign neoplasms. This is especially true for the postmenopausal period. Remember, a timely visit to the doctor (at the first symptoms and manifestations) is the key to the success of further treatment.

For accurate diagnosis, separate diagnostic curettage of the cervical canal and uterine body is carried out, after which a histological examination of the scraping is prescribed in order to determine the cause of bleeding. With dysfunctional uterine bleeding, optimal therapy with hormonal drugs is prescribed.

Breakthrough uterine bleeding.
Such bleeding develops against the background of hormonal disorders. It is the hormones that are responsible for the normal menstrual cycle, as they maintain a balance between estrogen and progesterone. If everything is good, then menstruation always begins at the right time and is not plentiful. If the hormonal balance is disturbed, a strong growth of the endometrium begins, against which its rejection occurs in parts, and the result is breakthrough bleeding. Hormonal failures are most often observed in girls in adolescence and in women in the menopausal period.

Breakthrough bleeding can occur when taking hormonal oral contraceptives, which is explained by adaptation to the drug used. In this situation, you should consult your doctor about changing the dose used. If the increase in dosage does not stop the bleeding or it becomes more abundant, it is necessary to be examined for the presence of diseases of the reproductive organs. In addition, such conditions can develop against the background of damage to the walls of the uterus by an intrauterine contraceptive (IUD). In this situation, the woman is shown the removal of the intrauterine device.

Diagnostics.
At the first suspicion of uterine bleeding, you should seek help. It is very good if a woman keeps a menstrual calendar, noting the intensity, duration and nature of bleeding in it. This calendar will help the doctor in the future in diagnosing and prescribing optimal therapy. For the purpose of diagnosis, tests of smears from the cervix for cancer, tests for the presence of uterine bleeding are carried out. An ultrasound examination is required, as well as a measurement of the inner layer of the endometrium (its thickness). They also do a general blood test, "for hormones." If a woman is overweight or when her age approaches menopause, a biopsy of the inner layer of the uterus is taken (a small fragment of the endometrium is plucked off and examined under a microscope). Accurate diagnosis is of paramount importance for the appointment of further optimal therapy.

Treatment of uterine bleeding.
Therapy of such conditions has four main goals: stopping bleeding, replenishing blood loss, eliminating the root cause and prevention. I note that uterine bleeding of any nature is treated in stationary conditions. The methods used for this take into account the age of the patient, the cause of bleeding, and the severity of the condition.

The main method of stopping bleeding is surgical diagnostic curettage, which also makes it possible to find out the cause of their appearance. The use of hormone therapy is another method of stopping bleeding. For these purposes, mainly estrogenic or combined oral contraceptives are used, among them Marvelon, Mercilon, etc. For symptomatic treatment, hemostatic drugs are used, for uterine contractions, iron preparations (for low hemoglobin levels) or blood components, vitamins and vascular strengthening drugs (Ascorutin, Folic acid, vitamins C, B6, B12). After the uterine bleeding has been stopped, preventive measures are taken.
In case of dysfunction, hormonal therapy is prescribed with combined oral contraceptives or drugs based on gestagens, or a hormonal intrauterine device is installed. If intrauterine pathologies were detected during the diagnosis, appropriate treatment is prescribed.

Treatment with folk remedies.
For the treatment of uterine bleeding, traditional medicine methods can be used, only first you should consult a doctor and identify their cause. To stop uterine bleeding, decoctions and extracts based on raspberry leaves, yarrow, nettle, burnet, shepherd's purse, etc. are effective. Here are some recipes:

Yarrow infusion: Purchase a box of yarrow herb from the pharmacy. Take two teaspoons of dry herbs in a glass of boiling water, cover the bowl with liquid and soak for an hour, then strain. Ready infusion to drink four times a day (before meals), the dosage is 50 ml or 1/4 cup.

Decoction of yarrow: pour the herb in the amount of one tablespoon with a faceted glass of boiling water, then simmer for ten minutes from the moment of boiling. Then cool the broth, strain and you can drink. Do this before meals three times a day for 1/3 cup. It shows its hemostatic efficacy, both in internal and external uterine bleeding.

Shepherd's purse herb infusion: a tablespoon of finished herbs (in dry form, purchased at a pharmacy), pour a glass of boiling water, wrap it carefully and wait an hour. Then, after insisting the mixture, strain it and you can take the infusion in a tablespoon. This should be done three times a day before meals.

Infusion of nettle dioecious: pour a tablespoon of raw materials with a glass of boiling water, hold on low heat for ten minutes, then cool and strain. Take also a tablespoon four times a day before meals. As a preventive measure for the development of uterine bleeding, you can take an extract of this plant, it is easy to find in a pharmacy. The dosage is as follows: 30-40 drops half an hour before meals, dilute the drops with water (1/4 cup).

Pour the peel of six large oranges with one and a half liters of water, cook over low heat until the liquid is reduced to 500 ml. After that, drain the broth, take four teaspoons three times during the day.

Prevention of uterine bleeding.
The best prevention is considered to be a systematic visit to a gynecologist (at least once a year), a full course of treatment for existing ailments in terms of the sexual sphere, personal hygiene and daily routine, regular sex life, and with one partner (permanent), a healthy lifestyle and strengthening immunity.

This is due to its special nature and the source, which is the uterus. This organ has such a good blood supply that if the integrity of its vessels is disturbed, this is manifested by profuse bleeding, which is extremely difficult to treat and often leads to severe blood loss with dangerous consequences.

Most Common Causes

All women at any stage of life can experience bleeding from the uterus. They can be both organic and functional. In the first case, we are talking about a violation of the normal structure of the endometrium or the muscular layer of the uterus and its appendages, in the second, a violation of the hormonal regulation of their growth and menstrual function. Thus, all uterine bleeding can be classified in the form of a table.

fibromyoma of the uterus;
Bleeding polyps of the uterus and its cervix;
Cancers (cancer of the vulva, cervix, endometrium);
Traumatic ruptures of the vagina, cervix and its body;
Intrauterine device and medical manipulations;
medical abortion;
Ectopic pregnancy;
Threat of abortion and miscarriage;
postpartum period;
Endometriosis.

polycystic ovaries;
Solitary follicular ovarian cysts;
Lack of ovulation and weakness of the corpus luteum;
Diseases of the pituitary gland, thyroid gland and other endocrine glands;
Menopause and puberty;
Stress and poor nutrition.

Uterine fibromyoma is one of the most common causes of uterine bleeding in women of reproductive age.

Variants of clinical manifestations

Bleeding from the uterus cannot be considered unambiguously. Every woman of reproductive age has a menstrual ability, which can indirectly be considered a kind of bleeding. But it has its own individual differences. In some women, menstruation is scanty and short, in others, on the contrary, it is long and plentiful. The most important thing is their regularity in any case. If this indicator is violated, this indicates uterine bleeding. In other words, uterine bleeding can rightly be called only the appearance of bloody discharge from the genital tract outside of menstruation or their protracted course, which was not observed before. Otherwise, it's just a variant of the individual norm.

Therefore, the symptoms and clinical picture of this condition is presented:

Constant spotting spotting from the uterus, not disturbing the general condition;
Bleeding from the uterus during menstruation, leading to large blood loss and moderate anemia;
Bloody discharge in the middle of the menstrual cycle for no apparent reason;
Active flow of bright or dark fresh blood with clots, impaired general condition and shock.

Each of these clinical variants has its own origin and focus of therapeutic measures aimed at stopping bleeding and blood loss.

Signs of severe uterine bleeding

It is extremely important to know the threatening signs of uterine bleeding with massive blood loss. After all, they signal an impending threat to a woman's life. These include:

Abundant spotting in a short period of time;
General weakness and dizziness;
Sharp pallor of the skin;
Decrease in blood pressure below those figures that are typical for a woman usually;
Frequent pulse and heartbeat;
Drowsiness and apathy.

The appearance of at least some of the listed symptoms is a reason for immediate medical attention. Otherwise, there is a threat of development of hemorrhagic shock and death of the patient.

Danger of uterine bleeding

Uterine bleeding is characterized by the ability to rapidly increase, prolonged flow and relatively poor ability to stop them. In this regard, the development of different scenarios for the outcome of this state is possible:

Regular moderate blood loss, leading to bleeding of patients and anemia of varying severity. Does not pose a direct threat to life. Characteristic of small but prolonged bleeding from the uterus;
Bleeding with massive simultaneous blood loss. As a rule, it is very difficult to stop him. Often ends in a serious condition of patients and requires surgical treatment with the removal of a bleeding uterus;
Small bleeding from the uterus, which for a long time did not pay attention, because of their routine for patients. They do not pose an immediate threat and do not cause severe anemia. The danger is that in this case the progression of the underlying disease occurs, which acts as the cause of bleeding. This, sooner or later, will end in profuse bleeding or the development of severe and advanced forms of primary diseases;
Bleeding in pregnancy or in the postpartum period. They are characterized by high intensity and severity compared to other causes of their development. This is due to the poor ability of the uterus to contract and stop bleeding on its own. Therefore, they often end in severe shock conditions and the use of surgical treatment to stop.

Embolization of uterine vessels - an alternative modern method for the planned treatment of uterine bleeding

How can you help

Stopping bleeding from the uterus is not easy. Here, a clear algorithm of actions must be observed, both for a specialized gynecological service, and for an ambulance, and even for the patients themselves. All that is required of women with signs of uterine bleeding is an early request for medical help from a gynecologist. The sooner this is done, the better the prognosis for a full recovery. Ambulance workers or nearby people should be provided with the following measures:

Lay the patient in a horizontal position;
Continuous monitoring of blood pressure and pulse parameters;
Cooling the lower abdomen and uterus with an ice pack or cold heating pad;
Transportation to the nearest medical facility.

In the conditions of a gynecological hospital, medical assistance measures should be provided step by step, which include the following treatment:

Hemostatic and hemostatic therapy. It is carried out by intravenous administration of drugs: dicynone, etamsylate, aminocaproic acid, vikasol, tugin, novoseven (7 coagulation factor), cryoprecipitate, platelet mass;
infusion therapy. Designed to restore the lost volume of circulating blood. For these purposes, they use: rheosorbilact, trisol, hemodez, refortan, washed erythrocytes, fresh frozen plasma and other infusion media;
Vitamin preparations that help stop bleeding: ascorbic acid, calcium gluconate or chloride;
Hormonal hemostasis. It involves the use of high doses of estrogen or progesterone hormones. It is indicated in case of dysfunctional bleeding from the uterus and is not effective in their organic origin;
Diagnostic and therapeutic curettage from the uterine cavity. It is one of the most effective methods to quickly stop uterine bleeding of any origin. By fractional curettage, the endometrium is taken from different parts of the uterus, which makes it possible to identify the exact nature and localization of the source of bleeding in the uterus under a microscope. The therapeutic goal of this event is the removal of the bleeding endometrium, which causes a powerful contraction of the uterus and compression of the bleeding vessels at the same time;
Temporary clipping of the uterine arteries. It is indicated in the absence of the effect of the above methods and ongoing bleeding. It is the imposition of special soft clamps on the uterine ligaments through the vagina;
Operative treatment. Refers to forced measures with ongoing bleeding from the uterus of any origin and the impossibility of stopping them with a complex of conservative methods. The operation involves only one thing - the removal of the uterus, as a bleeding organ. Indeed, in such cases, it is not so much about preserving it, but about saving the life of a woman.

Uterine bleeding has been, is and will be one of the most difficult problems in emergency gynecology. Given this fact, you should not bring yourself to an extreme state in case of detection of their symptoms. Seeking medical help early is the only way to successfully deal with the most difficult situations.

After the diagnostic curettage (May 5), it bled for a week as it should be, then for 4 days everything was fine and now again at the moment there is blood, the lower abdomen hurts and a little dizziness. This is fine?

Causes, symptoms and treatment of uterine bleeding

From this article you will learn: what is uterine bleeding, the mechanism of development of pathology. Its distinguishing features, the main reasons for the appearance. Typical symptoms and diagnostic methods, treatment and prognosis for recovery.

Uterine bleeding is a gynecological complication with the main characteristic feature - the release of blood from the uterus, which occurs against the background of hormonal disruptions in the body (these are dysfunctional bleedings) or changes in the structure of the uterine tissues (organic bleedings).

What happens in pathology? Under the influence of hormonal disorders (lack or excess of progesterone, estrogen, dysfunction of the adrenal cortex, thyroid gland), the inner layer of the uterus (endometrium) greatly increases in size. Since it is penetrated by many blood vessels, its increase, untimely and uneven rejection causes profuse dysfunctional bleeding (normally, a small layer is excreted regularly, at the time of menstruation).

Blood supply to the female reproductive system. Click on photo to enlarge

Surgical interventions, endocrine diseases, injuries lead to the appearance of structural changes in the uterus (scars, polyps, fibroids, oncology) and vascular pathology (weakness of the vascular walls). This combination causes organic uterine bleeding.

This condition in 95% is a serious complication of the underlying pathology (myoma, liver disease), which is dangerous for its consequences. Constant and mild bleeding threatens the development of anemia (anemia), profuse blood loss (due to injury, rupture) can lead to removal of the uterus, hemorrhagic shock and death.

Acute uterine bleeding must be stopped, do it in a surgical intensive care unit or gynecological hospital (the number of deaths is 15%).

The prognosis for the treatment of chronic uterine bleeding depends on the general hormonal background of the body and concomitant diseases, usually this symptom can be eliminated completely, this is done by the attending gynecologist.

Patients with pathology are registered throughout their lives.

The mechanism of development of uterine bleeding

The functions of the ovaries are controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary system of the brain. For the normal maturation of the fetal egg, its release from the ovary, fertilization or excretion, a whole list of hormones is needed.

Physiology of the normal menstrual cycle. Click on photo to enlarge

Uterine bleeding develops with their excess or insufficient production.

FSH (follicle-stimulating) and LH (luteinizing) hormones are responsible for the formation of the corpus luteum (temporary ovarian gland) and the maturation of the follicle (unfertilized egg). With their deficiency or excess, the follicle does not mature or matures, but does not leave the ovary (there is no ovulation phase).
Since there is no ovulation phase, the corpus luteum does not form or does not mature (these are hormonally dependent processes).
At this point, the amount of progesterone (a hormone that regulates the menstrual cycle and ovarian function) is reduced in the body, but the amount of estrogen is increased (responsible for increasing the endometrial layer for a fertilized egg).
Under the influence of hyperestrogenia, vascular disorders appear, the endometrium grows intensively, unevenly, in a thick layer and is excreted irregularly (cycle disturbances).
Extraordinary rejection occurs in layers (under the influence of progesterone compensation mechanisms and estrogen reduction) and is accompanied by bleeding from the endometrium remaining in the uterine cavity and open vessels.
Prolonged hyperestrogenism is a risk factor and a trigger for the development of structural changes in the uterus, the appearance of polyps, fibromyomas, and neoplasms. They begin to bleed when they increase in volume, are damaged or injured in any way.
Structural (organic) bleeding includes damage due to mechanical rupture, decreased uterine tone, usually very heavy.

The nature of bleeding largely depends on the viscosity and rate of blood clotting, the ability of the vessels inside the uterus to contract. It can be plentiful, not plentiful, extended over time (up to several weeks), it may stop on its own, but it must be repeated after a while.

The reasons

The causes of uterine bleeding are hormonal disorders and changes in the structure of the organ.

The most common pathologies and conditions against which bleeding may occur:

Spontaneous termination of pregnancy (miscarriage) or its threat

Placenta adherence or defects in its location during pregnancy

Pathological, difficult childbirth

Postpartum deformity, decreased uterine tone

Mechanical damage (tissue rupture)

Cervical cancer

Chorionepithelioma (neoplasm in the uterine cavity)

Vascular pathologies (atherosclerosis, vasculitis)

Polycystic ovaries. Click on photo to enlarge

Thyroid disease (thyrotoxicosis)

Diseases of the pituitary gland (Itsenko-Cushing's disease)

Infectious and inflammatory diseases (cervicitis,

Sexual infections (gonorrhea)

The use of oral contraceptives

At what age does bleeding occur?

Uterine dysfunctional bleeding due to hormonal disorders may appear:

At the age of 12 to 18 years (juvenile, 20% of cases). Common causes of hormonal disorders during this period are stress, vitamin deficiency, poor nutrition, physical trauma, thyroid dysfunction, infectious diseases (measles, chickenpox, rubella).
At the age of 18 to 45 years (reproductive, up to 5%). The cause of bleeding is inflammatory processes (colpitis, cervicitis), stress, poor nutrition, oral contraceptives.
At the age of 45 to 55 years (climacteric, 15%), a regular decrease in the production of sex hormones, the development of benign (polyps) and malignant (cervical cancer) neoplasms lead to disorders.

Organic bleeding occurs in women of reproductive and menopausal age (in 95%), in children and adolescents, the most common cause is mechanical tissue damage.

Symptoms

Uterine bleeding of any kind is a dangerous symptom, their appearance is a reason for treatment. Emergency treatment requires acute blood loss (sudden profuse bleeding), they are accompanied by severe symptoms (weakness, pressure drop, increased heart rate, loss of consciousness, disability), sometimes severe pain in the abdomen. In this case, the life of a person depends on the timely provision of assistance.

With mild but frequent bleeding, the symptoms are not so pronounced, although weakness and progressive anemia gradually worsen the quality of life and reduce the ability to work. The patient develops fatigue, dizziness, decreased blood pressure.

Bleeding is characterized by the release of any amount of blood (not necessarily abundant):

between cycles or during menstruation;
during menopause, after a steady absence of menstruation for more than 12 months;
after medical procedures and childbirth, combined with high fever and abdominal pain.

Typical signs of uterine bleeding:

bleeding;
lowering blood pressure;
increased heart rate;
weakness;
increased fatigue;
drowsiness;
dizziness;
headache;
pallor of the skin.

With a large blood loss, the main symptoms replace each other quickly enough, the condition is complicated by loss of consciousness, hemorrhagic shock. With prolonged, incessant bleeding (after an abortion) in combination with high fever (up to 40 ° C) and sharp pains in the abdomen, purulent postoperative complications and sepsis (general purulent infection) may develop.

Small uterine bleeding slowly leads to the development of iron deficiency anemia. After a decrease in hemoglobin values less than 50 G / l, the condition is complicated by metabolic and gas exchange disorders, the development of heart failure and other pathologies.

At the same time, the underlying disease progresses, against which bleeding arose as a symptom, leading to the appearance of polyps, fibroids, and other neoplasms. But the most life-threatening complication is the danger of acute blood loss.

How to distinguish from menstruation

By what signs to distinguish uterine bleeding from menstruation, especially if the discharge coincided with the cycle:

The cycle of menstruation is broken.
The intervals between bleeding increase (up to 1.5 months) or decrease (less than 20 days).
Allocations can be plentiful or moderately plentiful, meager.
Last more than 7 days.
With bloody secretions, large pieces of the endometrium are excreted.

Blood has a bright scarlet (arterial) or dark color (venous)

Decrease in blood pressure

Tachycardia (increased heartbeat)

The result can be hemorrhagic shock (due to blood loss), and if the blood is not stopped in time, death as a result of blood loss.

Diagnostics

To diagnose the pathology that provoked the appearance of uterine bleeding, sometimes a whole range of methods is needed:

The gynecologist collects information about the pathology and performs an external examination, the following information enters the medical history:

about the cyclical nature of menstruation;
start and end date of the last menstruation;
about physical development and age;
results of consultation of the endocrinologist, neurologist.

To confirm the diagnosis:

using ultrasound (ultrasound) of the pelvic organs and hysteroscopy, they draw conclusions about the condition of the ovaries and the inner layer of the uterus - the endometrium, identify concomitant pathologies (myoma, polyps), control the process of ovulation;
to determine the size of the ovaries in the period between menstruation, an echogram is prescribed;
draw up a graph of basal temperature (changes in body temperature under the influence of the production of sex hormones throughout the cycle);
to exclude the pathology of the pituitary and hypothalamus, echoencephalography, radiography, MRI or CT of the brain are performed;
with the help of ultrasound, the condition of the adrenal glands and the thyroid gland is checked;
in the laboratory, they check the hormonal profile (donate blood for LH, FSH, estrogen, progesterone, prolactin);
determine the level of other hormones (TSH, T3, T4, cortisol, testosterone);
general blood counts (hemoglobin, white blood cell count);
coagulation factors (prothrombin index, coagulogram, platelet count in the blood count, bleeding time and coagulability);
analysis of a smear from the vagina and cervix for the presence of an inflammatory process, pathogenic microflora or cancer cells;
part of the endometrium is examined for the presence of cancer cells.

Based on these studies, a conclusion is made about the causes of uterine bleeding in women.

Ultrasound of the pelvic organs. Click on photo to enlarge

Treatment Methods

Bleeding can be stopped, it is vital, especially when the blood loss is acute and life-threatening, in 85% of cases this can be done (in 15% the pathology ends in death).

Treatment of any bleeding is carried out in a hospital, acute blood loss requires emergency first aid measures and an ambulance call.

Stop the blood.
Replenish bleeding.
Eliminate the cause of the symptom.
Prevent recurrence of bleeding.

They use drug therapy, infusion methods for restoring blood volumes and surgical methods, the latter are used if the bleeding does not stop with medications.

How to give first aid

How to help before the arrival of doctors:

Drug therapy

The causes and treatment of uterine bleeding are directly dependent on each other: by identifying and curing the underlying disease, you can permanently get rid of life-threatening consequences.

Infusion methods

Infusion methods (transfusion) are used to restore the volume of fluid lost, the number of red blood cells and platelets.

Surgical treatments

It is used if it was not possible to stop uterine bleeding in other ways (the patient's condition worsens, hemoglobin drops below 70 g / l, blood volume is rapidly decreasing).

Procedures are performed on a gynecological chair, the introduction of local or general anesthesia is allowed. With the help of gynecological instruments (dilators), access to the uterine cavity is opened, before the operation, the state of the inner layer is determined using a hysteroscope (an optical device in a tube that is inserted into the uterine cavity).

Prevention

Prevention of rebleeding consists of observing several rules:

mandatory elimination of the underlying cause of the symptom;
regular examinations (at least 2 times a year);
contacting a gynecologist if any changes in the menstrual cycle and other warning signs appear;
prescribing and taking oral contraceptives only on the recommendation and under the supervision of the attending physician;
pregnancy planning;
healthy eating and lifestyle;
elimination of stressful situations.

Forecast

In 85% of cases, medications stop bleeding in a period of 3 to 7 days, surgical methods make it possible to do this almost instantly, only residual effects (small spotting) remain for 2-3 days.

15% of bleeding cannot be stopped and ends in death. This is due to a combination of numerous factors and causes of the symptom (long-term progressive underlying disease, comorbidities, development of malignant complications, late treatment).

Bleeding is one of the most common gynecological pathologies (from 20%), menopausal women (15%) and juvenile girls (12–18 years, 20%) are more likely to suffer.

Signs of uterine bleeding: what happens and how to treat

Uterine bleeding is a condition manifested by the release of blood from the internal genital organs. Menstruation is also manifested by the release of blood, but this is a natural process, genetically programmed by nature.

Distinctive features of monthly discharge from uterine bleeding in women are profusion and duration increases, there is no consistency.

What causes uterine bleeding?

The causes leading to the development of uterine bleeding are diverse, and a classification has been created to understand them.

Uterine bleeding causes, main categories:

bleeding caused by pathologies that do not affect the reproductive system or extragenital conditions. Their causes: infectious diseases (typhoid fever, sepsis, dysentery), blood diseases (genetic vasculitis, hemophilia), cirrhosis of the liver, pathology of the cardiovascular system, dysfunction of hormonal organs;
bleeding caused by genital pathologies. These can be: rupture of the ovary or cysts, tumor of the uterus or ovary, infectious diseases of the genital organs, menopause or puberty.

Genital pathologies of uterine bleeding

This group of causes is divided into two broad categories: uterine bleeding associated with the course of pregnancy and independent of it.

Uterine bleeding associated with childbearing and delivery:

Ectopic pregnancy or interrupted classic;
Premature placental abruption, violation of the integrity of the surgical scar on the uterus, violation of the integrity of its walls;
Traumatization of the external genital organs of women during actions in the delivery room, and other soft birth canals;
Incomplete allocation of the placenta, its infringement;
The muscle tissue of the uterus has lost strength, elasticity and endurance after childbirth;

Chorioepithelioma, hydatidiform drift and other diseases of the fetal egg.

Uterine bleeding that occurred regardless of pregnancy:

Discirculatory uterine discharge. They are classified according to age categories: juvenile (at puberty), reproductive (period favorable for the birth of children), menopausal (during menopause);
Neoplasms of the internal genital organs of women - the uterus, ovaries;
The superficial shell of the tumors is broken, as well as cysts on the genitals;
Inflammatory processes of the uterus - endometritis, cervicitis, erosive processes affecting the cervical canal, etc.

Juvenile bleeding - causes, symptoms

During the transformation of a little girl into a beautiful girl, the appearance of intermenstrual bleeding or an increase in blood volume during menstruation is often noticed. Most often, the cause of this is ovarian dysfunction, which is directly affected by frequent psychological stress, excessive physical activity, poor nutrition, and persistent colds.

When examining teenage girls with uterine bleeding, a lack of ovulation is found due to a violation of hormone production. Often, the causes are insufficiency of blood coagulation factors, tuberculosis of the internal organs of the reproductive system, tumor formations of the cervical canal and the walls of the uterus.

Regardless of the cause, uterine bleeding during puberty is dangerous to health and life, and an urgent visit to the doctor is necessary.

Bleeding in the active period of reproduction

In this variant, the number of causes that cause bleeding is much greater.

dysfunction of the hormonal system against the background of an abortion, taking a number of medications, “playing” with hormonal oral contraceptives;
in early pregnancy, bleeding is the result of spontaneous abortion;
ectopic pregnancy - after a rupture of the fallopian tube;
cystic drift, presentation and abruption of the placenta;
decreased muscle tone of the uterus;

after childbirth, bleeding due to incomplete discharge of the placenta;

fibroids, endometriosis, uterine tumors, endometritis.

Danger during menopause

Menopause is not the easiest time in a woman's life - the reorganization of the hormonal sphere, which is why bleeding is not rare. Among other reasons, neoplasms with and without malignancy should be distinguished. Particular attention of women is necessary in the post-menopausal period, when periodic periods have long ceased, and blood suddenly appeared.

If even a small amount of blood appears, urgently go to the doctor. Do not despair if the problem is a tumor, in the initial stages it is easily treatable. For a diagnostic examination during menopause, histological material is taken from the cervical canal and the body of the uterus, after which a microscopic examination of the scraping will reveal the cause of bleeding.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding

This group of bleeding cannot be separated strictly at any age. They can be both during puberty and during menopause.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding is a popular variety, and is characterized by disruption of the endocrine system, from the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to the ovaries and adrenal glands.

Gynecology highlights the main causes of dysfunctional uterine bleeding:

endocrine disorders associated with the thyroid gland,
pancreas, as well as against the background of obesity;
overwork - emotional and physical;
climate change;
artificial termination of pregnancy, often independent.

According to the time of appearance of blood in periods of the menstrual cycle:

ovulatory - depend on menstruation, the period of maturation of the egg and its release from the follicle;
anovulatory - intermenstrual bleeding that is not associated with the menstrual cycle. As a rule, with anovulatory bleeding, the duration and volume of the menstruation itself changes.

Breakthrough bleeding

They cannot be attributed to any category, as they appear against the background of the initial intake of oral hormonal contraceptives. A small amount of bloody discharge is a manifestation of the adaptation of the body of women to a new drug. But to further prevent their occurrence, contact your gynecologist for dosage adjustment.

This phenomenon is rare, but you should take it seriously and consult a gynecologist

Symptoms and first signs

All clinical symptoms are divided into general and local.

weakness throughout the body, dizziness;
skin is pale;
nausea, urge to vomit;
loss of consciousness;
weakened thready pulse;
lowering blood pressure.

Local symptoms of uterine bleeding:

The appearance of bloody discharge from the vagina;
With menstruation, you notice an increase in the number of clots, the total volume of secretions has become larger, one hygiene product quickly becomes unusable;
After intercourse in women, there may be a slight tint;
Given the fact that bleeding can be profuse and not very, pain does not appear;
Signs of uterine bleeding appear regardless of menstruation.

Regularly occurring symptoms of heavy uterine bleeding indicate tumors (eg, fibroids), adenomyosis, or disorders of the body's blood system.

Treatment and first aid

It is impossible to figure out the causes of uterine bleeding on your own, for sure the gynecology department will cope with this faster and better, and therefore, if you notice strange symptoms and unplanned spotting, immediately call an ambulance. Signs of uterine bleeding are a serious signal from the body of women about global problems, and every minute can be decisive.

Treating uterine bleeding in women at home is an absurdity of the highest degree, but there are certain rules, the implementation and non-observance of which will help save a life.

apply a warm compress, a heating pad on the abdomen;
do douching;
forget about a warm bath;
take medications that affect uterine contractions.

Uterine bleeding in women - first aid at home:

Strict bed rest with raised legs. The roller under the lower extremities will not make it possible to suffer from blood loss to vital organs - the brain, kidneys, liver, which means that the probability of loss of consciousness is excluded;
Cold. Try to stop the bleeding yourself. Place a bubble, heating pad or bottle of cold water or ice on the lower abdomen, pre-wrap it with a towel to prevent frostbite. Cold compress minutes, after a five-minute break, continue for two hours. Such an unpretentious method of treatment will narrow the vessels and reduce the percentage of blood loss;
We replenish the volume of circulating blood. At home, in emergency situations, it is difficult to come up with an alternative to droppers, but plentiful warm sweet drinks can restore blood loss. Glucose will feed the brain cells;
Emergency help - medicines. Once again, we point out that taking medications should be performed only in extreme cases or after consulting a doctor. In a home medicine cabinet, the presence of aminocaproic acid, calcium gluconate, and dicynone will not be superfluous.