Metronidazole 0.5 instructions for use. General information about the drug. Instructions for use "Metronidazole"

Metronidazole- This is an antimicrobial drug that acts on anaerobic microorganisms, as well as protozoa.

The drug is taken orally, rapidly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. There is also a release form in vials for intravenous administration. It also exists in such forms of release as: candles, ointments, gels.

After entering the bloodstream, metronidazole binds to blood proteins, then it is metabolized by the liver, in turn, it is the metabolite (2-oxymetronidazole) that has an antimicrobial and antiprotozoal effect. The elimination half-life of the drug by the kidneys is 8 hours.

The drug is active against:

Drug analogues

Metronidazole- a drug from the group of nitramidazoles, a synthetic derivative of azomycin (Streptomyces spp. is synthesized in nature).

There are many generics (analogues) of the original drug:

  • - production in Poland, available in tablets in blister No. 20, 250 mg each (cost in online pharmacies from 70 to 100 rubles ), solution for IV infusion 5 mg/ml 100.0 ( 90-150 rub ).
  • Klion- country of origin Hungary, tab. 250 mg No. 20 in a blister ( 58-100 rub ).
  • - manufacturer India, solution for intravenous infusion 5 mg / ml 100 ml ( 25-50 rub), gel 10mg 30g ( 130-200 rub), Metrogyl denta gel for gums 20g ( 200-280 mg ).
  • Flagin- France, tab. 250 mg #20 ( 110-250 rub ).
  • Dazolik- India, tab. 500 mg #10 ( 28-360rub ).
  • Meratin– UK, infusion solution 5 mg/ml 100 ml ( 310-650 rub ).
  • Ornigil– Ukraine, solution for IV infusions 5 mg/ml 100.0 ( 170-370 rub ).
  • Ornidazole- Russia, tab. 500 mg #10 ( 60-170 rub ).
  • Efloran– Slovenia, solution for IV infusions 5 mg/ml 100.0 ( 220-500 rub), tab. 400 mg in glass. bottle number 10 (270-450 rub ).
  • Tricaside– Canada, caps. 500 mg #15 and #30 ( 120-600 rub) and other drugs.

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Metronidazole indications

Indications for the use of Metronidazole:

  • Trichomoniasis (acute, chronic, complicated), including trichomonas vaginitis, urethritis.
  • Intestinal and extraintestinal amoebiasis, amoebic liver abscess.
  • Giardiasis.
  • Gardnelles.
  • In combination therapy of fungal infections (including candidiasis or thrush).
  • Trichomonas urethritis and vaginitis.
  • Balantidiasis.
  • For the prevention of complications in the postoperative period with diffuse peritonitis, liver abscess, curettage of the uterus, operations on the pelvic organs.
  • Treatment of infectious inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs (vaginitis, salpingitis, etc. - in women; orchitis, epididymitis, prostatitis, etc. - in men)
  • Infections caused by bacteroids, which can affect:
    • musculoskeletal system with symptoms of osteomyelitis, bacterial arthritis;
    • nervous system and cause meningitis, encephalitis and even brain abscess,
    • respiratory system with the phenomenon of pneumonia, accompanied by pleural empyema,
    • cardiovascular system with symptoms of backendocarditis with vegetations on the valvular apparatus of the heart.
  • Hyperacid gastroduodenitis, as well as peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum caused by Helicobacter pylori.
  • As a radiosensitizing agent in oncopathology (resistance or stability of cancer is due to oxygen starvation of tumor cells).
  • Cancer treatment according to the Klimchuk method.
  • Inflammation of the gums and jaw (periodontitis, gingivitis, etc.).
  • For skin diseases (pressure sores, eczema).
  • Complex treatment of hemorrhoids, anal fissure.
  • Comprehensive therapy for getting rid of alcohol and drug addiction.

Indications for men:

  • infection with protozoa:
    • amoebiasis;
    • trichomoniasis urogenital;
    • giardiasis;
    • gardnellosis;
    • ureaplasmosis;
  • stomatitis and candidiasis (thrush);
  • infectious lesions of the teeth, gums (gingivitis, periodontitis);
  • infections caused by bacteroids;
  • abdominal infections, including liver abscesses;
  • prevention of protozoal and bacterial complications after surgical interventions;
  • complex treatment of alcoholism and drug addiction;
  • a radiosensitizing agent for oncological diseases, also in the treatment of cancer according to the Klimchuk method.

Instructions for use of tablets

Instructions for use of the drug:


The drug is used during or after meals with milk. The drug is incompatible with alcohol!

Treatment should begin immediately! Protect yourself and your loved ones!

Contraindications of the drug

Contraindications for men:

  • Hypersensitivity (allergic reactions) to the components of the drug.
  • Lesions of the central nervous system, including organic (various genesis of epilepsy).
  • Liver failure (since the drug is metabolized by the liver, cumulation occurs - accumulation and overdose at adequately prescribed doses).

The product is based on bee propolis, which has a pronounced antibacterial, antiviral effect. I like the drug because it is completely natural, on herbs, and this is very important for prevention."

Side effects of the drug

Side effects:

  • allergic reactions (allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, urticaria, angioedema, atopic dermatitis, etc.);
  • from the nervous system: headache, ataxia, depression, dizziness, hyperexcitability, hallucinations, insomnia. With prolonged use - peripheral neuropathy, epileptiform seizures are possible;
  • from the gastrointestinal tract: loose stools or vice versa - constipation, accompanied by intestinal colic, possibly a decrease in the patient's appetite. With long-term treatment, the following are possible: pancreatitis, cryptogenic hepatitis;
  • from the genitourinary system: polyuria and dysuria, urinary incontinence, cystitis;
  • from the immune system: leukopenia, stomatitis (as a result of a decrease in the immune response);
  • from the musculoskeletal system: migrating arthralgia.

The use of metronidazole gels and ointments for men

Rules for the use of metronidazole gels and ointments for men:

  1. Metronidazole Gel- is available in aluminum tubes of 30 g in cardboard packaging, which contains a leaflet with instructions for use. Contains 10 mg of active ingredient. The gel itself is whitish-green in color, odorless. It is used twice a day, applied to a previously washed and dried surface, the course of therapy is from 20 days to 4 months.
  2. Metronidazole ointment- available in aluminum or polymer tubes, in a cardboard box with a leaflet. Produced on a hydrophobic basis, it stays on the surface longer than a cream or gel, moisturizes the damaged area. The composition includes 10 mg of active ingredient. It is applied twice a day on clean, dried skin, the course of therapy is 7-10 days.
  3. Metronidazole cream- white, medium-density consistency, hydrophilic base. Produced in a 15 g tube, in a cardboard box with an instruction leaflet. It is recommended to apply on the face, the cream is quickly absorbed and leaves no residue. Also apply twice a day on previously cleansed and dried skin. The duration of therapy is from 20 days to 4 months.

For gels and ointments, it is possible to use by applying an occlusive dressing, which contributes to the hermetic isolation of the affected area of ​​the body from the environment. After applying the gel, the damaged area is covered from above with an impermeable material (rubberized fabric, polyethylene), which should capture another 5-10 cm of healthy skin. After that, the air is “squeezed out” and fixed with a bandage or plaster. Leave for 1.5-2 hours. The procedure can be repeated 2 times / day.

Topical application of creams, ointments and gels minimizes the presence of side effects, since the minimum amount of the drug is absorbed into the blood through the skin.

Instructions for use Metronidazole solution for infusion

Transparent solution with a slight yellow-green tint. Indications: severe course of infectious pathology, as a radiosensitizing drug.

Metronidazole is a fairly popular antibacterial drug with diverse pharmacological effects, often prescribed in the complex treatment of various pathologies.

The bactericidal effect is due to the ability of the drug to affect the process of respiration of harmful anaerobic microorganisms and the synthesis of nucleic acids.

The drug is used in medical practice for the treatment of protozoal infectious diseases, diseases of the bones and joints of an infectious nature, infectious diseases of the abdominal cavity.

Clinical and pharmacological group

Antiprotozoal drug with antibacterial activity.

Terms of dispensing from pharmacies

Released by prescription.

Prices

How much does Metronidazole cost? The average price in pharmacies is at the level of 20 rubles.

Release form and composition

Metronidazole tablets have a white or white with a yellow-green tint color, a flat-cylindrical shape with a separating risk. The main active ingredient of the drug is metronidazole, its content in one tablet is 250 mg. It also includes auxiliary components:

  • Talc.
  • Potato starch.
  • Stearic acid.

Metronidazole tablets are packaged in a blister of 10 and 20 pieces. A cardboard pack contains from 1 to 10 blisters with the appropriate number of tablets and instructions for using the drug.

Pharmacological effect

The antibacterial drug has a special mechanism of action, which consists in activating the biochemical reduction of the fifth nitro group with the help of intracellular transport proteins of the simplest and anaerobic mechanisms, as described in the instructions for use. The restored cells interact with the DNA of microorganisms, which is accompanied by inhibition of the synthesis of their nucleic acid. As a result, the immediate death of bacteria occurs.

The instruction of the antibacterial tablet preparation contains information that it is effective against gram-negative and some positive anaerobes. The minimum inhibitory concentration for the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms is considered to be a dose of 0.125-6.25 μg / ml. The antibiotic, together with amoxicillin, is active against Helicobacter pylori, since such a combination of drugs helps to suppress the development of resistance.

The drug "Metronidazole" is not active against aerobic microorganisms and facultative forms of anaerobes. It should be noted that in the presence of mixed flora, this drug acts synergistically with antibacterial agents that are effective against simple aerobes. Metronidazole has an effect on tumors, increasing their sensitivity to radiation. The drug has a disulfiram-like effect, causing sensitization to alcohol, and also turns out to be a stimulator of reparative processes.

Indications for use

What helps? Metronidazole is used in the following cases:

  • with alcoholism;
  • for and ;
  • in infections caused by Bacteroides spp. (infections of the abdominal cavity, pelvic organs, infectious diseases of soft tissues and skin, abscess of the ovaries and fallopian tubes, infections of the vaginal fornix after surgery);
  • with protozoal infections (intestinal or extraintestinal amoebiasis, balantidiasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis, trichomoniasis, trichomonas urethritis, giardiasis, trichomonas vaginitis);
  • for the treatment of infectious diseases of the central nervous system, bones and joints, provoked by the activity of Bacteroides spp.;
  • with pseudomembranous colitis associated with the use of antibiotics; for the prevention of postoperative complications during appendectomy, gynecological surgery, operations on the perirectal region.

Metronidazole suppositories are used to treat urogenital trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginitis caused by susceptible microorganisms.

Contraindications

  • lactation period;
  • leukopenia (including history);
  • organic lesions of the central nervous system (including epilepsy);
  • hypersensitivity to the composition of the drug Metronidazole, from which side effects may develop;
  • liver failure (in the case of high doses);
  • pregnancy (1 trimester).

Use during pregnancy and lactation

If it is necessary to prescribe Metronidazole to the mother, it is advisable to transfer the infant to artificial feeding.

Dosage and method of application

The instructions for use indicate that Metronidazole tablets are taken orally, during or after meals, (or washed down with milk), without chewing.

  1. With giardiasis - 15 mg / kg / day in 3 divided doses for 5 days.
  2. With giardiasis - 500 mg 2 times / day for 5-7 days. Children under 1 year old - 125 mg / day, 2-4 years old - but 250 mg / day, 5-8 years old - 375 mg / day, over 8 years old - 500 mg / day (in 2 divided doses). The course of treatment is 5 days.
  3. In chronic amebiasis, the daily dose is 1.5 g in 3 divided doses for 5-10 days.
  4. Adults: with asymptomatic amebiasis (if a cyst is detected), the daily dose is 1-1.5 g (500 mg 2-3 times / day) for 5-7 days.
  5. In acute amoebic dysentery - 2.25 g in 3 doses until the symptoms stop.
  6. With balantidiasis - 750 mg 3 times / day for 5-6 days.
  7. With liver abscess - the maximum daily dose is 2.5 g in 1 or 2-3 doses, for 3-5 days, in combination with antibiotics (tetracyclines) and other methods of therapy. Children 1-3 years old - 1/4 adult dose, 3-7 years old - 1/3 adult dose, 7-10 years old - 1/2 adult dose.
  8. With pseudomembranous colitis - 500 mg 3-4 times / day.
  9. With ulcerative stomatitis, adults are prescribed 500 mg 2 times / day for 3-5 days; in this case, the drug is not indicated for children.
  10. In the treatment of anaerobic infections, the maximum daily dose is 1.5-2 g.
  11. In the treatment of chronic alcoholism, 500 mg / day is prescribed for a period of up to 6 (no more) months.
  12. For the prevention of infectious complications - 750-1500 mg / day in 3 doses 3-4 days before surgery, or once 1 g on the 1st day after surgery. 1-2 days after the operation (when ingestion is already allowed) - 750 mg / day for 7 days.
  13. For the eradication of Helicobacter pylori - 500 mg 3 times / day for 7 days (as part of combination therapy, for example, a combination with amoxicillin 2.25 g / day).
  14. With trichomoniasis - 250 mg 2 times / day for 10 days or 400 mg 2 times / day for 5-8 days. Women need to additionally prescribe Metronidazole in the form of vaginal suppositories or tablets. If necessary, you can repeat the course of treatment or increase the dose to 0.75-1 g / day. Between courses, you should take a break of 3-4 weeks with repeated control laboratory tests. An alternative therapy regimen is the appointment of 2 g once to the patient and his sexual partner. Children 2-5 years old - 250 mg / day; 5-10 years - 250-375 mg / day, over 10 years - 500 mg / day. The daily dose should be divided into 2 doses. The course of treatment is 10 days.

With severe renal dysfunction (CC less than 10 ml / min), the daily dose should be halved.

Side effects

The drug has a number of side effects from many body systems.

  1. On the part of digestion, vomiting, nausea, dry mouth, glossitis, pancreatitis can be observed.
  2. On the part of the genitourinary system, there may be cystitis, candidiasis, urinary incontinence, urine staining.
  3. The skin may experience urticaria, itching, hyperemia.
  4. The nervous system can react with headache, insomnia, peripheral neuropathy, hallucinations, confusion, irritability, excitability, incoordination, ataxia, and depression.

All of the above signs are symptoms of intoxication, if they occur, you must immediately stop treatment, then rinse the stomach or skin and consult a doctor. Symptoms of giardiasis can appear with successful treatment of the pathology, they need to be rechecked every 3-4 days 3 times.

Overdose

If an overdose of the drug occurs, the patient may experience ataxia, nausea, and vomiting. In case of severe overdose, peripheral neuropathy and seizures may occur.

In this case, symptomatic therapy is practiced, there is no specific antidote.

special instructions

Before you start using the drug, read the special instructions:

  1. Colors urine dark.
  2. In combination with amoxicillin, it is not recommended for use in patients under 18 years of age.
  3. With prolonged therapy, it is necessary to control the blood picture.
  4. With leukopenia, the possibility of continuing treatment depends on the risk of developing an infectious process.
  5. The appearance of ataxia, dizziness and any other deterioration in the neurological status of patients requires discontinuation of treatment.
  6. May immobilize treponema and lead to a false positive Nelson test.
  7. In the treatment of trichomonas vaginitis in women and trichomonas urethritis in men, it is necessary to refrain from sexual activity. Mandatory simultaneous treatment of sexual partners. Treatment does not stop during menstruation. After therapy for trichomoniasis, control tests should be carried out for three regular cycles before and after menstruation.
  8. After treatment of giardiasis, if symptoms persist, perform 3 stool tests at intervals of several days after 3-4 weeks (in some successfully treated patients, lactose intolerance caused by invasion may persist for several weeks or months, resembling the symptoms of giardiasis).

Alcohol compatibility

During the treatment period, ethanol is contraindicated (possible development of a disulfiram-like reaction: spastic abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, headache, sudden rush of blood to the face).

drug interaction

When using the drug, it is necessary to take into account the interaction with other drugs:

  1. Sulfonamides enhance the antimicrobial effect of metronidazole.
  2. Enhances the effect of indirect anticoagulants, which leads to an increase in the time of formation of prothrombin.
  3. Similar to disulfiram, it causes ethanol intolerance.
  4. When taken simultaneously with lithium preparations, the concentration of the latter in plasma and the development of symptoms of intoxication may increase.
  5. It is not recommended to combine with non-depolarizing muscle relaxants (vecuronium bromide).
  6. Cimetidine inhibits the metabolism of metronidazole, which can lead to an increase in its concentration in the blood serum and an increase in the risk of side effects.
  7. The simultaneous administration of drugs that stimulate microsomal oxidation enzymes in the liver (phenobarbital, phenytoin) can accelerate the elimination of metronidazole, resulting in a decrease in its plasma concentration.
  8. Simultaneous use with disulfiram can lead to the development of various neurological symptoms (the interval between administration is at least 2 weeks).

Treatment of gynecological diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms is always accompanied by antibiotics. A common drug is the antibiotic Metronidazole - instructions for use indicate that it is prescribed for the treatment of candidiasis, trichomoniasis, infectious diseases of the intestine and abdominal cavity, gastritis and ulcers caused by the pathogenic bacterium Helicobacter pylori. Doctors prescribe it in combination with drugs that restore microflora, because the antibiotic destroys not only pathogenic, but also the necessary microorganisms.

What is metronidazole

Medical therapy includes the use of antibiotics. Clinical and pharmacological group of Metronidazole - instructions for use indicate that it is an antiprotozoal drug, has an antibacterial and antiviral effect. It acts against many known bacteria, is used in gynecology, dermatology, gastroenterology and oncology for the treatment and prevention of pathologies caused by pathogenic microorganisms. The drug is a derivative of 5-nitroimidazole.

Composition and form of release

The table below shows the constituent components of the drug in accordance with the release form:

Release form

Component Name

Quantity

In the form of tablets

Metronidazole

Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose

Microcrystalline cellulose

Croscarmellose sodium

Metronidazole

Polyethylene glycol 400, 1500

0.125 / 0.25 / 0.5 mg

Metronidazole

In the form of a solution for droppers

Sodium dihydrogen phosphate

sodium chloride

Lemon acid

Purified water

Metronidazole

Vaseline oil

Propanediol

Emulsion wax

Sterile water

Propantriol

sodium salt

Metronidazole

Vaginal gel

Release form

For different purposes, the drug is available in 4 forms:

  • ploskotsilindrichesky tablets of a green or yellow shade;
  • cream for external use;
  • suppositories for intravaginal use;
  • solution for injections (droppers) in 0.5% ampoules.

The above forms have a different composition and are recommended for use in various pathological situations. Tablets, cream, suppositories and Metronidazole solution have an antimicrobial effect. Solution in ampoules and tablets are often used in gastroenterology, suppositories - in gynecology, and ointment for the treatment of dermatological pathologies.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

The components of the drug interact with the DNA cells of microorganisms, inhibit the synthesis of nucleic acids and the metabolism of the substance - this leads to the death of pathogenic bacteria. The drug is active against bacterial strains such as gram-positive anaerobic infections. Metronidazole - instructions for use indicate that it is not effective against aerobic microorganisms, mixed flora of anaerobic bacteria and aerobes. Increases the sensitivity of tumors to radiation therapy, if the resistance of the tumor is explained by cell hypoxia.

Pharmacokinetics: has a high level of absorption and penetrating power. After ingestion, it reaches a bactericidal concentration. It is absorbed into the lungs, skin, kidneys, liver, brain, saliva, seminal fluid, bile, vaginal discharge, placental barrier, breast milk and amniotic fluid. Many oncologists also recommend taking Metronidazole - the instructions for use indicate that it increases the sensitivity of tumor cells to radiation exposure. The drug in the form of tablets and suppositories is partially absorbed, by 80%.

Indications for use

The drug has a wide spectrum of action and is recommended for the treatment of the following pathologies:

  • trichomoniasis;
  • acute and chronic amoebiasis;
  • abscess of the lungs, liver;
  • skin infections;
  • pathologies that were provoked by anaerobic microorganisms;
  • abscess of the ovaries and fallopian tubes after the intervention;
  • infectious complications;
  • pseudomembranous colitis;
  • dysentery;
  • sepsis;
  • urethritis;
  • pneumonia;
  • alcoholism treatment;
  • bone infections;
  • meningitis;
  • brain abscess;
  • endocarditis.

How to take Metronidazole

The dosage of each form of the drug is prescribed by the doctor individually, depending on the diagnosis, the age of the patient and individual characteristics. Children from 2 to 12 years old are prescribed 45-50 mg per 1 kg of body weight 3 r / day for 10 days. For the treatment of giardiasis - 500 mg 2 times a day for a maximum of 7 days. Children under the age of 1 year, 125 mg per day 2 r / day for 5 days. Patients over 12 years of age and adults should take 250-500 mg 3 r / day for no more than 7-10 days. For the prevention of infectious diseases, for children and adults, a single dose should consist of 4 tablets.

Candles

For the treatment of gynecological infections, the drug Metronidazole - instructions for use for which indicates that it is prescribed in the form of vaginal tablets. When absorbed into the mucous membrane, the active components disrupt the structure of the DNA of pathogenic cells. Suppositories are active against Trichomonas, obligate microbes and others, but will not be able to eliminate aerobic bacteria. Vaginal suppositories are administered vaginally 1 piece at night. The course of treatment is 10 days, if necessary, it should be repeated after waiting an interval of 5-6 weeks.

Contraindications for use are pregnancy and breastfeeding. Vaginal suppositories should be inserted deep into the vagina after the washing procedure. If irritation, burning and other symptoms occur, you should consult a doctor and stop using the drug. After 7-8 hours after insertion, the suppository dissolves and may leak, to avoid leakage, it is recommended to use sanitary pads.

Metronidazole IV

This form of release of the drug is prescribed for the treatment of acute infectious bacterial diseases of the abdominal cavity, bones, joints, central nervous system, intestines, liver and kidneys. It is administered intravenously by infusion, for adults the first dose is 0.5-1 g, the next - 500 mg every 8 hours. The daily dose should not exceed 1 g. It should be used with caution during the 1st and 2nd trimesters of pregnancy and lactation.

Gel

It is actively used in dermatology for the treatment of acne, it is active against the Demodex mite, which lives in the hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Gel Metronidazole Nycomed should be applied in a thin layer to the affected, previously cleansed skin area twice a day - in the morning and at night. The duration of the course of treatment is from 1 to 5 months. When applying, avoid mucous membranes and the area near the eyes. Effective against acne, eczema, dermatitis, oily seborrhea, bedsores, anal fissures, trophic ulcers of the extremities.

Metronidazole tablets

The drug is taken orally after a meal, you can drink water or milk. Tablets have a greenish or yellowish tint and a flat-cylindrical shape. Adults: 1-1.5 g per day for 1 week. The duration of the course of therapy is 5 days. When treating trichomonas vaginitis, it is necessary to treat both partners at the same time. Doctors often prescribe this form of release for the treatment of many infectious diseases. Tablets are well tolerated by patients, side effects are rare.

special instructions

During treatment with Metronidazole, ethanol should not be taken - this can cause nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting and headache. The components of the composition of the drug contribute to the darkening of the urine. During the treatment of vaginitis and gynecological bacterial infections, one should refrain from sexual activity for the period of treatment, but continue it during the menstrual cycle. If any side effects appear, such as ataxia, headache, dizziness, you must stop taking the drug and consult a doctor.

Metronidazole for children

This drug is prescribed orally to patients from birth to 18 years of age in different dosages depending on the diagnosis and exact age. With giardiasis, children from 2 to 5 years old - 250 mg per day, up to 1 year old - 125 mg each, from 5 to 8 years old - 370 mg each, from 8 to 18 years old - 500 mg per day. With giardiasis, the daily dose is 45 mg, it should be divided by 15 mg into 3 doses for 5 days. With a liver abscess, the recommended dose for a child from 1 to 3 years old is 0.5 g per day, from 3 to 7 years old - 1 g, from 7 to 10 years old - 1.25 g. With ulcerative stomatitis, the drug is not prescribed for children.

drug interaction

There are several groups of drugs with which this medicine is not recommended to be combined:

  • disulfiram - simultaneous administration contributes to the development of adverse neurological disorders;
  • cimetidine - increases the concentration of metronidazole in the blood, increases the risk of side effects;
  • phenytoin, phenobarbital lower its concentration in blood plasma;
  • lithium preparations - provoke neurological symptoms against the background of intoxication;
  • sulfonamides enhance the antimicrobial effect, indirect anticoagulants, have a positive effect when taken simultaneously.

Side effects

The drug has a number of side effects from many body systems. On the part of digestion, vomiting, nausea, dry mouth, glossitis, pancreatitis can be observed. The nervous system can react with headache, insomnia, peripheral neuropathy, hallucinations, confusion, irritability, excitability, incoordination, ataxia, and depression.

In addition to these symptoms, urticaria, itching, hyperemia can be observed on the skin. On the part of the genitourinary system, there may be cystitis, candidiasis, urinary incontinence, urine staining. All of the above signs are symptoms of intoxication, if they occur, you must immediately stop treatment, then rinse the stomach or skin and consult a doctor. Symptoms of giardiasis can appear with successful treatment of the pathology, they need to be rechecked every 3-4 days 3 times.

Contraindications

Before using this drug, you should consult a doctor who can determine the presence of contraindications. The use of Metronidazole Nycomed may be prohibited if the following signs are present:

  • 1st trimester of pregnancy, with caution in the 2nd and 3rd trimester;
  • individual intolerance:
  • leukopenia;
  • breastfeeding period;
  • damage to the central nervous system of an organic type;
  • liver failure;
  • kidney failure;
  • epilepsy.

Terms of sale and storage

The medicine can be bought in pharmacy chains only with a prescription. Information on the storage of Metronidazole - the instructions for use indicate that it should be stored only in dry rooms, isolated from light and direct sunlight, the storage temperature should not exceed 25 degrees. The shelf life of the drug is 2 years from the date of manufacture.

Analogues of Metronidazole

There are many alternative drugs on the market. Some of them:

Metronidazole price

The table below shows the difference in prices for different forms of release of an antibacterial drug in Moscow and the Moscow region. You can buy it in pharmacies or online through an online store. When buying a drug via the Internet, it is necessary to check the date of manufacture and the integrity of the package.

Video

Dosage form:  R solution for infusion Compound:

Active substance: metronidazole 500.0 mg;

Excipients: sodium chloride 900.0 mg, water for injection up to 100.0 ml. Description:

Clear, colorless to pale yellow or pale greenish yellow solution.

Pharmacotherapeutic group:Antimicrobial and antiprotozoal agent ATX:  

P.01.A.B Nitroimidazole derivatives

P.01.A.B.01 Metronidazole

Pharmacodynamics:

Antiprotozoal and progivomicrobial drug, a derivative of 5-nitroimidazole. The mechanism of action is the biochemical reduction of the 5-nitro group by intracellular transport proteins of anaerobic microorganisms and protozoa. The reduced 5-nitro group interacts with the deoxyribonuclease of microorganism cells, inhibiting the synthesis of their nucleic acids, which leads to the death of bacteria.

Active towards T richomonas vaginalis, Entamoeba histolytica, Gardnerella vaginalis, Giardia intestinalis, Lamblia spp., as well as obligate anaerobes Bacteroides spp.(incl. Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides distasonis, Bacteroides ovatus, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides vulgatus), Fusobacterium spp., Veillonellaspp., Prevotella (P.bivia, P.buccae, P.disiens), and some gram-positivemicroorganisms(Eubacterium spp., Clostridium spp., Peptococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp.).

Aerobic microorganisms and facultative anaerobes are not sensitive to metronidazole.

Pharmacokinetics:

With intravenous administration of 500 mg over 20 minutes, the maximum concentration of the drug (C max) in blood serum after 1 hour is 35.2 μg / ml, after 4 hours - 33.9 μg / ml, after 8 hours - 25.7 μg / ml; C min with subsequent administration - 18 μg / ml. has a high penetrating power, reaching bactericidal concentrations in most tissues and body fluids, including lungs, kidneys, liver, skin, cerebrospinal fluid, brain, saliva, amniotic fluid, abscess cavities, vaginal secretions, seminal fluid, breast milk, penetrates through the blood-brain and placental barriers. With normal bile formation, the concentration of metronidazole in bile after intravenous administration can significantly exceed the concentration in blood plasma. has a high bioavailability (about 80%). Plasma protein binding is 10-20%.

About 30-60% of metronidazole is metabolized in the body by hydroxylation, oxidation and glucuronidation. The main metabolite (2-oxymetronidazole) also has antiprotozoal and antimicrobial effects.

Excreted by the kidneys 60-80% (20% unchanged), through the intestines - 6-15%. The half-life (T 1/2) is 8 hours.

Indications:

Infectious and inflammatory diseases caused by microorganisms sensitive to metronidazole:

Protozoal infections: extraintestinal amoebiasis, including amoebic liver abscess, intestinal amoebiasis (amebic dysentery), trichomoniasis (including Trichomonas vaginitis and Trichomonas urethritis);

Infections caused Bacteroides spp.. (including Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides distasonis,Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides vulgatus): infections of bones and joints, infections of the central nervous system, including meningitis, brain abscess, pneumonia, empyema and lung abscess, sepsis;

Infections caused by species Clostridium spp., Peptococcus and Peptostreptococcus: infections of the abdominal cavity (peritonitis, liver abscess), infections of the pelvic organs (endometritis, abscess of the fallopian tubes and ovaries, infections of the vaginal fornix);

- prevention of postoperative complications (especially interventions on the colon, pararectal region, appendectomy, gynecological operations). Contraindications:

Hypersensitivity to metronidazole or other 5-nitroimidazole derivatives;

Leukopenia (including history);

Organic lesions of the central and peripheral nervous system (including epilepsy):

Liver failure (in case of high doses);

Pregnancy I trimester and lactation.

Carefully:

Diseases of the kidneys, liver (renal liver failure);

II and III trimesters of pregnancy - only for health reasons;

Acute and chronic diseases of the peripheral and central nervous system (risk of worsening neurological symptoms).

Pregnancy and lactation:

Metronidazole crosses the placenta, therefore, the drug should not be prescribed in the first trimester of pregnancy, in the future it should be used only if the potential benefit from the use of the drug for the mother outweighs the possible risk to the fetus.

Since it penetrates into breast milk, reaching concentrations in it close to those in blood plasma, it is recommended to stop breastfeeding during treatment with the drug.

Dosage and administration:

The rate of intravenous or drip administration of the drug is 5 ml per minute. Intravenous administration of megronidazole is indicated for severe infections, as well as in the absence of the possibility of oral administration. According to the indications, a transition to a maintenance intake is carried out.

Infections caused by anaerobic microorganisms

:

The initial dose is 1.5-2 g per day (300-400 ml of solution, respectively). As a maintenance dose every 12 hours (in special cases every 8 hours) use 0.5 g (respectively 100 ml of solution), i.e. 2-3 times a day, 100 ml of solution.

Children under 12:

The initial dose is 7.5 mg/kg every 8 hours for 3 days. Then at the same dose every 12 hours.

To prevent postoperative complications

Adults and children over 12 years old:

Apply in / in the drip of 0.5-1 g on the day of surgery (the administration of the drug must be stopped 1-2 hours before the start of the operation) and the next day - 1.5 g / day (0.5 g every 8 hours) .

Children under 12:

The scheme of administration of the drug is the same as above, but a single intravenous dose is 7.5 mg / kg.

Use in end-stage renal disease, hepatic dysfunction and biliary tract obstruction : in chronic renal failure and creatinine clearance less than 30 ml / min and / or liver failure, the maximum daily dose is not more than 1 g, the frequency of administration is 2 times a day.

Use in patients on hemodialysis : and its metabolites are well excreted by hemodialysis. Since the elimination half-life decreases sharply during hemodialysis (up to approximately 3 hours), in some cases it may be necessary to additionally administer the drug.

Use in elderly patients : in elderly patients, the pharmacokinetics of metronidazole may change, so it may be necessary to control the concentration of metronidazole in the blood serum.

A severe infection requires 5-7 days of treatment, with an uncomplicated infection, 3-5 days is generally sufficient. The duration of therapy may be increased at the discretion of the physician, but the course of treatment should not exceed 10 days. This period can be extended only in isolated cases on especially strict indications. If possible, repeat metronidazole therapy should be avoided.

Side effects:

Gastrointestinal disorders:

Epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, glossitis, stomatitis, "metallic" taste in the mouth, loss of appetite, anorexia, dryness of the oral mucosa, constipation, pancreatitis (reversible cases), discoloration of the tongue, "coated tongue" (from due to the growth of fungal microflora).

Immune System Disorders:

Angioedema, anaphylactic shock.

Nervous system disorders:

Peripheral sensory neuropathy, headache, convulsions, dizziness, the development of encephalopathy and subacute cerebellar syndrome (impaired coordination and synergism of movements, ataxia, dysarthria, gait disturbances, nystagmus, tremor), which are reversible after the abolition of metronidazole, aseptic meningitis has been reported.

Mental disorders:

Psychotic disorders, including confusion, hallucinations; depression, insomnia, irritability, irritability.

Violations of the organ of vision:

Transient visual disturbances, such as: diplopia, myopia, vagueness of the contours of objects, decreased visual acuity, impaired color perception; neuropathy / optic neuritis.

Blood and lymphatic system disorders:

Agranulocytosis, leukopenia, neutropenia. thrombocytopenia.

Liver and biliary tract disorders:

Increased activity of "liver" enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase), the development of cholestatic or mixed hepatitis and hepatocellular liver damage, sometimes accompanied by jaundice; in patients treated with metronidazole in combination with other antibacterial agents, there were cases of liver failure, which required liver transplantation.

Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders:

Rash, itching, skin flushing, urticaria, pustular skin rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis.

Renal and urinary tract disorders:

Staining of urine in a brownish-reddish color, due to the presence in the urine of a water-soluble metabolite of metronidazole, dysuria, polyuria, cystitis, urinary incontinence, candidiasis.

General disorders and disorders at the injection site:

Fever, nasal congestion, arthralgia, weakness (for oral and parenteral dosage forms), thrombophlebitis (pain, hyperemia and swelling at the injection site) (for parenteral dosage forms).

Laboratory and instrumental data:

Flattening of the T wave on the electrocardiogram.

Overdose:

Symptoms: convulsions, peripheral neuropathy, nausea, vomiting, impaired coordination of movement.

Treatment: drug withdrawal, symptomatic treatment. There is no specific antidote. excreted by hemodialysis.

Interaction:

Indirect coagulants. enhances the effect of indirect anticoagulants, which leads to an increase in the time of formation of prothrombin. Monitoring of prothrombin time and INR is recommended; if necessary, reduce the dose of indirect coagulants.

Similar to disulfiram, it causes ethanol intolerance.

Disulfiram. Simultaneous use with disulfiram can lead to the development of various neurological symptoms. can be used 2 weeks after taking disulfiram.

Cimetidine inhibits the metabolism of metronidazole, which can lead to an increase in its concentration in the blood serum and an increase in the risk of side effects.

Simultaneous administration of drugs that stimulate microsomal oxidation enzymes in the liver ( phenobarbital, phenytoin), can accelerate the elimination of Metronidazole, resulting in a decrease in its concentration in the blood plasma.

Lithium. When taken simultaneously with lithium preparations, the concentration of the latter in plasma and the development of symptoms of intoxication may increase, therefore, before starting the use of metronidazole, it is necessary to reduce the dose of lithium or stop taking it for the duration of treatment.

Reduces ground clearance fluorouracil, which can cause an increase in the toxicity of the latter.

May increase plasma concentrations when used concomitantly busulfan.

When combined with metronidazole and cyclosporine there may be an increase in the concentration of cyclosporine in the blood plasma, which requires control of the concentration of cyclosporine in the blood plasma.

Special instructions:

During the period of treatment, alcohol is contraindicated, because. it is possible to develop a disulfiram-like reaction: spastic abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, headache, sudden flushing of the face. This is due to a violation of the oxidation of ethanol and the accumulation of acetaldehyde. With prolonged therapy, it is necessary to control the blood picture. With leukopenia, the possibility of continuing treatment depends on the risk of developing an infectious process.

The appearance of ataxia, dizziness and any other deterioration in the neurological status of patients requires discontinuation of treatment.

May immobilize treponema and lead to a false positive Nelson test. Colors urine dark.

Carrying out therapy for more than 10 days - only in justified cases, with strict monitoring of the patient and regular monitoring of laboratory blood parameters. If a longer course of therapy is needed due to the presence of chronic diseases, the ratio between the expected effect and the potential risk of complications should be carefully weighed.

Influence on the ability to drive transport. cf. and fur.:Given the side effects of the drug, care must be taken when driving and working with mechanisms that require concentration. Release form / dosage:Solution for infusion, 0.5%. Package:

100 ml of the drug in polypropylene bottles with a loop-holder, sealed with polypropylene caps with a rubber lining and equipped with a cap with a tear-off ring welded onto the bottle.

One bottle together with instructions for medical use in consumer packaging (cardboard pack).

For hospitals

120 bottles of 100 ml, together with an equal number of instructions for medical use, are placed in a group package (cardboard box).

Storage conditions:

Store in a place protected from light, at a temperature not exceeding 25 ° C.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Best before date:

2 years.

Do not use after the expiration date.

Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies: Instructions

The advantage of this medication is that its active ingredients are absorbed into any fluids inside the patient's body, which leads to the treatment of the disease even in the most isolated areas of the body. In addition, Metronidazole is completely absorbed into the intestinal cavity, but it does not in any way affect blood plasma proteins.

After taking the medication, one half of it is metabolized to the active substance, the second part remains in its original state and is absorbed in the right place. After completion of therapy, the remains of the drug are excreted along with urine and feces due to the functioning of the kidneys.

Metronidazole has shown itself to be an effective treatment for a wide range of possible microorganisms, and when a doctor prescribes the maximum dosage for a therapeutic result, the drug also assumes a bactericidal effect.

In addition, in the joint treatment with Metronidazole and other drugs of the penicillin series, for example, with the antibiotic Amoxicillin (as an option, ampicillin + metronidazole), it can also act on some strains of microorganisms that are resistant to pure metronidazole.

The cost of such a drug can vary from 10 to 120 rubles., depending on the dosage of the active substance, the number of tablets in one package, the country of manufacture and the region in which this medication will be distributed. Metronidazole is often dispensed without a prescription, although taking it without a prescription from a doctor can lead to side effects.

Release form

The name of the drug is considered speaking, since its active substance is called metronidazole. Typically, the drug may be presented to consumers in the form of tablets, suppositories for rectal and vaginal administration, as well as in the form of an ointment and solution.

Metronidazole types:

  • Metronidazole tablets inside. Usually in tablet form, the drug is presented as flat-cylindrical tablets of a yellowish-green hue, with a characteristic risk and a chamfer on their surface. In one such tablet, the dosage of the active ingredient is 0.25 g. The dosage of taking the tablets is determined by the attending physician. One package contains 10 tablets.
  • Cream for external use (Metrogyl metronidazole gel). Typically, such a drug involves a strict dosage - 0.01 g of the active ingredient is contained in 1 g of such a drug. There are a number of diseases that can be cured with just this form of Metronidazole. One percent cream suggests 25 grams.
  • Candles intravaginal. In this view, Metronidazole suggests elongated candles of a white or yellowish hue, which are prescribed for the treatment of certain diseases. The dosage of this form of Metronidazole suggests 0.125 g, 0.25 g, and also 0.5 g of the active ingredient in one candle. One cell package assumes the presence of 7 candles.
  • Solution. In this form, metronidazole is prescribed by a doctor for intravenous metronidazole injections. The solution is a greenish liquid, in 1 ml of which there are 5 g of the active ingredient of the drug. One vial with this solution contains 10 ml.

In addition, in the tablet form of Metronidazole, in addition to the active component, potato starch, steatite and cetylacetic acid are added as complementary components.

In the cream, you can find vaseline oil, sterile water, propanetriol, wax in the form of an emulsion, propanediol, propyl ester para-hydroxybenzoic acid, sodium salt and nipagin.

Metronidazole suppositories are supplemented with polyethylene glycol 1500 and polyethylene glycol 400. The drug solution includes additional components - citric acid, purified water, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium chloride.

Indications for use

Before starting the treatment of a disease with Metronidazole, you should carefully study the list of indications for its use. This will help determine in which situation the drug will be effective and effective.

  • Protozoal infections: amoebiasis intestinal and extraintestinal, trichomoniasis, cutaneous leishmaniasis, vaginitis and trichomonas urethritis, as well as balantidiasis.
  • Infections formed against the background of the action of anaerobic microorganisms: abdominal infections, in particular liver abscess and peritonitis, bone and joint lesions, nervous system disorders, diseases in the pelvic area, pneumonia, empyema, bacterial endocarditis, lung abscess, sepsis and skin lesions.
  • stomach ulcer, as well as the duodenum.
  • Pseudomembranous colitis.

In addition, the drug metronidazole is often prescribed to patients who have undergone major surgery in order to prevent the risk of infection. In the process of treating chronic alcohol dependence, Metronidazole is an excellent tool that prevents the development of many diseases against this background.

What is Metronidazole used for?

Since the drug Metronidazole, with its unique composition, involves the treatment of a wide range of diseases, each group of diseases for which it is prescribed should be considered in detail.

Metronidazole in gynecology

The substance is antimicrobial and also antibacterial, so it is indispensable in the treatment of female ailments. In practice, it was found that the drug copes with a large list of pathogenic microorganisms, except for viral diseases and fungi.

Therefore, initially the physician establishes the causative agent of the disease, and then writes out a prescription for the treatment of such diseases as Metronidazole:

  • any diseases of the uterine cavity (inflammatory processes of the mucosa, metritis and endometritis);
  • inflammatory processes in the ovaries or adnexitis;
  • ailments of the fallopian tubes of a woman or salpingitis;
  • infectious diseases that are sexually transmitted (trichomoniasis, ureplasma and others);
  • cystitis at different stages of the course;
  • for prevention purposes before or after surgery;
  • single dose after childbirth;
  • violations of the microflora of the vagina and inflammatory processes in it.

A gynecologist prescribes metronidazole for each type of disease, he also selects an individual dosage and treatment regimen. The most commonly used are Metronidazole vaginal gel, metronidazole Hexicon suppositories, Metronidazole vaginal tablets.

Metronidazole in dentistry

Most often, Metronidazole is used for gums and teeth that suffer from inflammatory processes. As practice has shown, when taking tablets, the drug is concentrated in the gingival fluid, thereby having a beneficial effect on the gingival plaque. Metronidazole denta gel is commonly used to treat dental problems.

metronidazole during pregnancy

Most often, the drug is prescribed to women with a diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. This disease is manifested by the inflammatory process of the vaginal mucosa, so the drug metronidazole rejects the risk of miscarriage. It is forbidden to take such a drug at the stage of the first trimester of pregnancy.

metronidazole during menstruation

The list of contraindications to such a drug does not include the menstrual cycle and any side effects on menstruation. Therefore, various diseases can be treated with Metronidazole during menstruation.

Metronidazole for gums

Among the list of antibiotics that are prescribed for the treatment of gums, the drug Metronidazole occupies a worthy place. Most often, typical diseases of this spectrum are treated within 3 days, after which healing should occur.

It is worth remembering that the drug is not prescribed if a person has intolerance to penicillin, and also takes birth control pills. For the treatment of gum disease, pharmacies sell a special ointment - Metrogyl metronidazole (antibiotic), which also contains chlorhexidine (antiseptic).

Metronidazole for women

Since women's internal organs are susceptible to bacteria, women are more likely to get infections. What helps women:

  • metronidazole for bacterial vaginosis;
  • metronidazole for vaginitis;
  • metronidazole for inflammation of the appendages;
  • metronidazole for cystitis;
  • metronidazole for endometritis;
  • metronidazole for trichomoniasis;
  • metronidazole for thrush;
  • metronidazole for chlamydia, etc.

For women, this drug is prescribed in various forms: metronidazole vaginal tablets, vaginal metronidazole gel, as well as vaginal suppositories and tablets.

Metronidazole for the face

This drug is an effective and fast-acting drug for the treatment of acne and pimples on the skin of the face. It is prescribed exclusively by a dermatologist after examination and establishing the causes of acne. The active components of the drug relieve inflammation of the epidermis, and also prevent the risk of scarring. Due to its antibacterial properties and the fact that Metronidazole is an antibiotic, it not only relieves the symptoms of skin disease, but also eliminates its causes.

What acne does the drug treat:

  • teenage acne;
  • acne is the consequences of pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract;
  • allergic rash;
  • demodicosis.

With this diagnosis, the doctor prescribes metronidazole tablets for acne and writes out a prescription.

Metronidazole for men

This drug is an effective tool in the treatment of the following male diseases:

  • a number of diseases formed against the background of protozoa (nonspecific giardiasis, urogenital trichomoniasis, amoebiasis);
  • infectious lesions of the respiratory system, namely lung abscess, pneumonia of a purulent nature;
  • infectious diseases of the brain, meningitis or brain abscess;
  • infectious lesions of the abdominal organs, peritonitis or liver abscess;
  • in order to prevent infection before and after surgery;
  • infectious lesions of the teeth, jaw and gums.

The dosage in different cases is determined by the attending physician, the drug is available for men in the form of a gel and tablets.

Metronidazole for external use

Metronidazole is used externally in the form of a cream or gel, which are available in tubes of 15 g and 30 g. Most often, external forms of metronidazole are prescribed for the treatment of diseases of the epidermis:

  • rash acne type "vulgar";
  • acne rosacea, as well as post-steroid acne, a consequence of hormone therapy;
  • seborrhea and eczema;
  • any skin lesions of an ulcerative nature (trophic ulcers against the background of diabetes mellitus, varicose veins, etc.);
  • non-healing skin wounds, bedsores;
  • cracks in the anus, external hemorrhoids.

The local effect of the drug is aimed at blocking the appearance of any acne and rash.

Metronidazole for prevention

Despite the fact that the drug is an antibiotic, it is often prescribed as a prophylactic against anaerobic infections, namely:

  • before operations on the intestines (colon, gangrenous and purulent appendicitis);
  • after surgery to prevent the risk of infection of the patient.

In general, Metronidazole prevents the risks of any anaerobic infections provoked by gram-negative bacteroid species, fusobacteria and cocci.

Metronidazole for worms

Metronidazole for fungus

This drug is an excellent antiseptic, antibacterial and antiprotozoal drug, so it is prescribed for the treatment of any type of fungus. It can be fungal infections of internal organs, organs of the genitourinary system, as well as fungus of nails and extremities. In this case, any form of release of the drug, cream for external use, tablets for therapy from the inside, as well as injections with a solution, are appropriate.

Metronidazole for diarrhea

The drug treats such an unpleasant symptom as diarrhea, only if it is provoked by certain bacteria (amebic dysentery or giardia). To determine this factor, doctors conduct a microbiological analysis of feces, after which a course of therapy is prescribed for a week.

Metronidazole for acne

If the formation of a rash on the face and body is provoked by the action of an infection, in this case it is fixable by taking Metronidazole. In particular, the basis for the appearance of acne can be streptococci, staphylococcus, demodex (skin mite), etc. If acne does not pose a serious threat, they are treated with an external remedy, and if they have moved to a difficult stage, Metronidazole is prescribed in the form of tablets.

Metronidazole for alcoholism

Since taking the drug provokes an absolute intolerance to alcohol in the patient's body, the drug is often used to treat alcohol dependence.

The active component of such a drug can independently change the metabolism of alcohol in the body. In the course of treatment, the patient will experience a negative conditioned reflex to the smell and taste of alcohol, and in the future, the person feels an antabuse-like or disulfiram-like reaction.

Metronidazole for angina

The drug copes well with such a complex disease as tonsillitis. Since the disease is contagious, the use of Metronidazole is quite appropriate. But it should be understood that a quick effect may be accompanied by some side effects, for example, drowsiness and confusion, nausea and the urge to vomit, a metallic taste, fast heartbeat and increased pulse rate.

Thus, we can conclude that any diseases that are caused by infections, fungi and harmful microorganisms can be quickly and effectively cured with one drug - Metronidazole.

Instructions for use

In order for the therapy of a particular disease to be successful, you should strictly follow the instructions for the drug Metronidazole, which comes in the package with it. Based on the form of release of the drug and the disease that requires treatment, there are certain doses and regimens of therapy.

Instructions for use of tablets

They are taken orally, washed down with plenty of milk, in the process of eating or after that. Tablets should not be chewed, crushed, consumed only as a whole.

Trichomoniasis

Adults: administer 250 mg of the drug twice a day, a course of treatment for 10 days, or a double dose, but not longer than 5 days for a quick effect. Women are additionally prescribed a suppository for internal disinfection. After 1-2 weeks, the course of therapy should be repeated.

Children 2-5 years old: the daily dosage of metronidazole is 200 mg of the drug, it is better to divide the dosage into two doses.

Children from 5 to 20 years old: 250-375 mg of the active ingredient per day, the dose is divided into two doses.

Children aged 10 years and older: the daily intake of the active substance is 500 mg, but dividing them into two doses. Therapy takes 10 days.

Children from one year old: the pediatrician prescribes the daily norm of the substance in the amount of 125 mg, but divided into two times a day. The course of treatment lasts no longer than 5 days. If therapy lasts no more than 5 days, children 2-4 years old - 250 mg per day, children 5-8 years old - 375 mg per day.

Amoebiasis asymptomatic

Treatment of an adult patient involves 500 mg of the active substance 2-3 times a day. The duration of therapy is 7 days.

Amoebiasis chronic

An adult patient is prescribed 1.5 g of the drug 3 times a day, this treatment regimen lasts 5-10 days.

Acute amoebic dysentery

An adult patient takes 2.25 g of the substance 3 times a day until the symptoms of the disease are eliminated.

liver abscess

Adult patients: the daily dosage of the substance can reach 2.5 g, the course of such therapy is 5 days, with the mandatory use of antibiotics of the tetracycline group.

Children 1-3 years old: one fourth of the dosage of an adult patient.

Children 3-7 years old: one third of the indicated dosage of an adult patient.

Children 7-10 years old: the second part of the established dosage of an adult patient.

Ulcerative stomatitis

Adults: for 5 days, take 500 mg of the drug 2 times a day. How much metronidazole can be drunk is determined by the doctor, based on the characteristics of the diagnosis.

Children: treatment of such a disease with Metronidazole is prohibited.

Pseudomembranous colitis

In tandem with other effective drugs, Metronidazole is prescribed 500 mg for several days.

anaerobic infection

The maximum dosage per day of drug therapy is 1.5-2 g.

Prevention of infection and complications

Before surgery: three doses of the drug for several days 700-1500 mg.

After the operation: a single application of the drug in the amount of 1 g.

Instructions for use of the gel or ointment Metronidazole

Most often, this drug is used for vaginal use. The attending physician prescribes to the patient a dosage equivalent to a full applicator - that is, 5 g. The drug is administered in the morning and before going to bed. The duration of therapy does not exceed 5 days.

Application instruction of Metronidazole solution

This form for injection is prescribed for patients with the inability to use tablets or a complicated infection.

Children over 12 years of age and adult patients: a single dose of 500 mg of the active substance, the rate of administration of the solution is presumably 5 ml per minute. Between such administration of the drug should be kept for at least 8 hours. No more than 4 g of metronidazole is allowed per day.

Children under 12 years of age: 7.5 mg of the injected solution for each kilogram of the child's body weight. In this case, the received dose should be divided into three doses. The substance is injected at a rate of 5 ml in 6 seconds.

In order to prevent anaerobic infections before surgery on the urinary tract and pelvic area, children over 12 years of age and other adult patients are prescribed 500-1000 mg of the drug during the day, on the second day - 1500 mg or 500 mg solution every 8 hours.

In those who suffer from kidney or liver dysfunction, the allowable daily dose is 1000 mg, which is divided into three injections.

Before irradiation procedures, the administration of a solution is prescribed one hour before each session for 102 weeks at 60 mg per kilogram of the patient's body weight. In the process of irradiation for cervical cancer, such a solution is used by the method of local application. 3 hours before the procedure, 3 g of the drug is diluted in a solution of dimethyl sulfoxide and a cotton swab is moistened with it.

Intravenous injections with such a solution are forbidden by doctors to be carried out in parallel with the introduction of other drugs.

Instructions for use suppositories

For the treatment of female diseases, suppositories are inserted into the vagina. Dosage - 500 mg of the drug per day, a single injection before going to bed.

Alcohol compatibility

Any medications based on metronidazole should not be combined with the intake of alcoholic beverages.
If you violate this prohibition, side effects will immediately appear, such as:

  • profuse salivation;
  • red tone of the skin of the face;
  • nausea and urge to vomit;
  • fever and elevated body temperature;
  • accelerated heartbeat;
  • sharp pains and acute spasms in the epigastric region;
  • intense headache.

In addition, there is a risk of a strong decrease in blood pressure. Despite the fact that metronidazole is used to treat alcohol dependence, it is strictly forbidden to combine it with alcohol intake.

Contraindications and side effects

Like any other medication, Metronidazole has a number of side effects. Do not forget that it belongs to the group of antibiotics that give a high result, but mean a list of "pitfalls".

Side effects from metronidazole therapy:

  • Manifestation of allergies: rash and redness of the dermis, fever, sneezing, and difficulty breathing.
  • On the part of the gastrointestinal tract: loss of appetite, a specific taste of metal in the mouth, nausea and a slight urge to vomit, symptoms of pain and pain in the abdomen, dry mouth.
  • Genitourinary system: inability to hold urine, problems with urination, cystitis.
  • From the side of the central nervous system: depression, headache, sleep disturbance, hallucinations and irritability.
  • Other signs: candidiasis, pain in the bones and joints, a decrease in the number of leukocytes.

So that taking Metronidazole does not entail the risks of such unpleasant manifestations from therapy, you should strictly follow the instructions and dosages, and also take into account the list of contraindications:

  • diseases from the nervous system;
  • liver disease;
  • leukopenia;
  • intolerance to one or another component of the drug;
  • pregnancy, as well as the period of breastfeeding a child;
  • other complex diseases.

Analogues of Metronidazole

Any drug has several similar drugs, which may differ slightly in composition, but imply the same result of treatment. Metronidazole is no exception, it suggests several worthy analogues, some of them possibly stronger:

  • Candles - Trichosept, Flagyl, Metrovit, and also Metrovagin.
  • Tablets - Trichopolum, Metragil, Metronidazole Nycomed, and also Efloran.
  • Solution - Metrogil, Klion, Efloran and Metronidazole Nycomed.
  • Gel - Metrogyl and Metroseptol, as well as Rosex.
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