Inflammation of the oropharynx. Inflammatory diseases of the oropharynx. Modern concepts of etiopathogenesis and adequate treatment. What diagnostics will be needed

mouth Back in 1655, a wealthy Dutch shopkeeper from Delft decided that he had enough time and money to do what he loved - to create microscopes and study the microcosm with their help. Antonio Leeuwenhoek - that was the name of the Delft merchant - is considered the founder of microscopy. It was to him that the discovery of the infusoria of the shoe belongs, it was he who first described blood cells and a variety of forms of bacteria.

But then, back in the 17th century, he was incredibly surprised when he first discovered microscopic "animals" in pepper broth. And he was completely shocked by the discovery that hundreds of such animals live in his mouth.

Since the time of Antonio Leeuwenhoek, science has made a tremendous leap forward, including microbiology. Now it is difficult to surprise someone with the message that thousands of microorganisms live in his mouth. But does every patient think about the harm these microorganisms bring to health?

Meanwhile, we know that infectious and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity and pharynx (pharyngitis, glossitis, stomatitis and gingivitis) are among the most common reasons for patients to visit district physicians, family doctors and otorhinolaryngologists, which indicates the widespread prevalence of this problem.

The main cause of the development of inflammatory processes of the upper respiratory tract (pharyngitis, rhinitis, tonsillitis, etc.) is a viral infection (rhinovirus, adenovirus, coronavirus, parainfluenza, influenza, etc.).

When the oropharynx is affected, adenoviral and rhinovirus infections are more common than others. The body reacts to the introduction of an infectious agent and violation of the integrity of the mucous membranes by the development of an inflammatory process, in which a number of protective mechanisms are activated: changes in the permeability of the vascular wall, increased blood flow, increased activity of macrophages and polymorphonuclear cellular elements, release of inflammatory mediators, free oxygen radicals. Macrophages play a major role in the defense mechanism, causing an increase in the level of T-lymphocytes through the release of cytokines. Various diseases accompanied by a decrease in local and general body resistance (primary and acquired immunodeficiency states, cystic fibrosis, endocrine diseases, etc.). Local hypothermia of the oropharynx with cold food, drinks or cold air, as well as exposure to various irritating agents (tobacco or other smoke with systematic exposure, dustiness of the air, the presence of irritating chemicals in the air) can lead to a decrease in local immunity. With inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, infected secretions can enter the pharynx and stimulate infectious inflammatory processes in it.

With a decrease in immunity, the so-called "transient flora" can acquire the status of "pathogenic". The "transient flora" includes streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci, gram-negative diplococci and other microflora, usually sown in the norm and in a healthy person.

Pharyngitis

Pharyngitis is divided into acute and chronic. Acute pharyngitis is an infectious inflammation of the mucous membrane of the oropharynx and palatine tonsils. With favorable development, acute pharyngitis may resolve spontaneously, without medical intervention. But most often, acute pharyngitis is accompanied by the development of inflammatory, and sometimes purulent processes in adjacent tissues. The main complaints of patients with acute lesions of the mucous membrane of the oropharynx are unpleasant sensations - burning, tingling, dryness, pain when swallowing; headache localized in the occipital region. Children often have shortness of breath and nasality. In adults, this disease occurs without a sharp deterioration in the general condition, and in children it can occur with a sharp increase in temperature up to 39 ° C. Especially in cases where inflammation spreads to the larynx and trachea. Acute pharyngitis is characterized by an increase and soreness of the cervical and occipital lymph nodes. Examination of the patient reveals hyperemia of the posterior pharyngeal wall and palatine arches, separate inflamed lymphoid granules, but there are no signs of inflammation of the palatine tonsils characteristic of tonsillitis.

Chronic pharyngitis, in contrast to acute, as a rule, is bacterial in nature, less often fungal. This is a polyetiological disease characterized by the presence of inflammatory and degenerative changes in the pharyngeal mucosa. Chronic pharyngitis is characterized by complaints of dryness, perspiration, soreness and sensation of a foreign body in the throat, often a dry cough and the formation of viscous sputum, fever. A significant deterioration in the general condition is rare in patients with chronic pharyngitis. When making a diagnosis, the pharyngoscope picture is taken into account. The development of chronic pharyngitis is associated with the harmful effects of such irritating factors as alcohol, nicotine, spicy food, carbonated drinks, various adverse industrial and climatic influences. The formation of the disease is facilitated by pathological conditions of the nasal cavity, leading to a violation of nasal breathing - curvature of the nasal septum, vasomotor and hypertrophic rhinitis, nasal polyposis, adenoids. The cause of chronic pharyngitis can be recurrent infections of the respiratory tract, leading to persistent damage to the mucociliary barrier and significant inhibition of the mechanisms of local and general immunity. Atrophic pharyngitis is a consequence of progressive atrophy of the pharyngeal mucosa in the elderly.

gingivitis and periodontitis

Imbalance in the oral defense system can cause inflammation of the gum mucosa - gingivitis. When inflammation spreads from the gingival margin to the tissues surrounding the teeth, gingivitis turns into periodontitis, which can later lead to inflammation of the bone tissue, loosening and loss of the tooth. In patients older than 15 years, in 50% of cases, the cause of tooth loss is periodontal disease. In gingivitis, the gum becomes inflamed, swelling occurs, its contour changes. Due to edema, the gingival sulcus between the tooth deepens, and the so-called gingival pocket is formed. As a result, there is reddening of the gingival margin, swelling and bleeding of the gums, it becomes sensitive and painful, there are difficulties in chewing and swallowing. Gingivitis can be either acute or chronic. Chronic gingivitis is more common in adults.

Stomatitis

Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity include stomatitis - inflammation of the oral mucosa. According to the clinical manifestation, stomatitis is divided into catarrhal, ulcerative and aphthous. The most common cause of stomatitis is non-compliance with oral hygiene, dental disease, dental plaque, oral dysbacteriosis, as well as gastrointestinal diseases (gastritis, duodenitis, colitis, etc.). Aphthous stomatitis is characterized by a connection with allergic reactions, viral infections, rheumatism. Depending on the severity and form of the disease, patients complain of pain in the oral cavity and pharynx, severe pain during chewing, swallowing articulation. Sometimes there is an increase in body temperature up to 37.5 ° C, an increase in regional lymph nodes, malaise, headache. On examination, defects in the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and tongue are determined.

Treatment: general principles

Therapeutic tactics for infectious and inflammatory diseases of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and pharynx includes the appointment of drugs with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immunocorrective effects, local antiseptics, decongestants and hyposensitizing drugs. In the complex of therapeutic measures, an important role belongs to drugs that have a combined effect.

What exactly is the treatment?

So, a specialist treating a patient with an inflammatory disease of the oral cavity and pharynx has the main mission: choosing the most effective drug. It is on this choice that the speed and effectiveness of the therapy depends.

Scientific reference

Causes of inflammation of the oral cavity

1. Traumatic inflammation. Trauma can be mechanical, chemical or physical, acute or long term.
2. Infectious inflammatory processes (viral, bacterial, fungal infections).
3. Allergic reactions, accompanied by swelling and inflammation of the oral mucosa.
4. Inflammation of the mucosa in systemic diseases: hypo- and beriberi, endocrine diseases, diseases of the blood system, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, etc.

HEXETIDINE

Broad-spectrum antiseptic against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Bactericide for anaerobic bacteria. Bacteriostatic for most strains of bacteria at a concentration of 100 mg / ml. Fungicide against fungi of the genus Blastomycetes, Trichophyton, Histoplasma, Microsporum. It inhibits the growth and reproduction of more than 40 strains of fungi of the genus Candida. Weak analgesic.

The undeniable advantage of hexetidine, in addition to a wide spectrum of action, is a high degree of adhesion on the mucous membrane of the oropharynx. At the same time, in the absence of absorption, hexetidine has a lasting effect (active concentrations of hexetidine on mucous membranes persist for 10-14 hours after a single application).

CHOLINE SALICYLATE

A powerful analgesic and antipyretic, a derivative of salicylic acid. It blocks the enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins, due to which it has a powerful anti-inflammatory effect. It inhibits the activation of macrophages and neutrophils, showing anti-edematous action. It has an antipyretic and analgesic effect. It is indispensable in the treatment of diseases of the oropharynx, accompanied by an increase in local temperature, severe inflammation, swelling and soreness. It is well absorbed from mucous membranes, has a fast effect.

CHLOROBUTANOL

A fast-acting local anesthetic, a reliable tool in the arsenal of dentists and otorhinolaryngologists. It has additional properties: antibacterial and antifungal effects. Helps to enhance the analgesic effect in combination with hexetidine and choline salicylate.

An “ideal” composition means should provide:

1. Antibacterial and antiviral effect.
2. Anti-inflammatory effect.
3. analgesic effect.

The oropharynx connects the pharynx (from the soft palate) and the larynx. At this site, the respiratory and digestive tracts intersect. It is the soft palate that separates the oropharynx from the nasopharynx.

A malignant neoplasm characterized by a high growth rate is oropharyngeal cancer. The aggressiveness of the tumor is confirmed by histological analysis and clinical features in the form of rapid metastasis to regional lymph nodes and distant organs.

Oncoprocess, in most cases, is registered after the age of 40 years. Basically, the neoplasm is located on the palatine tonsils (73%), but there is a lesion of the posterior pharyngeal wall (16%) and soft palate (11%). Due to the hidden initial period, often, the disease is diagnosed at stages 3-4, and in half of the cases they are detected.

Causes of Oropharyngeal Cancer

The occurrence of a malignant focus in the oropharynx can be a primary process or secondary, as a result of malignancy of a benign formation. Cell malignancy can be observed due to exposure to provoking factors, for example:

• smoking, chewing tobacco;
• alcohol abuse;
• poor-quality, inconveniently installed dentures.

In addition, it is worth noting the conditions and background pathology, which increases the risk of tissue degeneration into malignant ones:

• inflammatory processes (sinusitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis);
• leukoplakia, erythroplakia of the pharynx;
• immunodeficiency.

Symptoms

The initial period (1-3 months) does not have any noticeable symptoms. The tumor increases with time, begins to feel like a foreign body, pain occurs when swallowing and choking.

Depending on the location of oncology, a nasal voice worries, liquid food is thrown into the nasopharynx and appetite decreases. When the surface of the tumor is injured by a food lump, an admixture of blood is noted in the saliva.

The tumor can grow into the lumen of the oropharynx or deep into the tissues.

Signs of oropharyngeal cancer by stage

The staging of malignant diseases (TNM) is based on criteria such as (T), involvement of surrounding lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastases (M). According to this division, the volume of surgical intervention and the rationality of prescribing courses of radiation and chemotherapy are determined.

At the first stage oropharyngeal cancer may not appear at all, since the focus is small, there is no damage to the lymph nodes and other organs.

At the second stage a person may feel a sore throat, as if something is “itching” on the back of the pharyngeal wall or in the soft palate. Lymph nodes may be enlarged or malignant on one side.

As for the third stage, a person is concerned about the sensation of a lump in the throat, difficulty swallowing, choking, nasal voice and pain. In addition, there is cancer of the regional lymph nodes on both sides. They increase, become painful when palpated and soldered to the surrounding tissues.

Prognosis and survival

At stages 1-2, the prognosis is relatively favorable and the survival rate of patients reaches 70-95% (depending on age and the presence of concomitant diseases). If oropharyngeal cancer diagnosed at stages 3-4, survival ranges from 20% to 60% when taking into account the combination treatment.

Inflammation of the pharynx and its symptoms are known, perhaps, to everyone. After all, every person in his life at least once had a sore throat, there was pain when swallowing and perspiration. It is these symptoms that are characteristic of pharyngitis and we will talk about them below.

Inflammation of the pharynx is also called pharyngitis by doctors. Such an inflammatory process develops against the background of a viral or bacterial infection and is dangerous because it can spread to underlying structures, such as the trachea, bronchi, and lungs. In this case, it will be necessary to talk about other diseases, such as tracheitis, bronchitis and pneumonia, respectively, but we should not forget that ordinary pharyngitis, if left untreated, can lead to the development of such serious and severe ailments. That is why, when the first symptoms appear, indicating a possible inflammation of the pharynx, it is urgent to contact an ENT doctor to take specific therapeutic measures.

Mesopharyngoscopy - examination of the oropharynx

Symptoms of inflammation of the pharynx

Symptoms of inflammation of the pharynx usually appear quite quickly and, if not properly treated, increase significantly. Symptoms of inflammation of the pharynx include:

• Perspiration, discomfort in the throat;
• Pain when swallowing, which in severe cases causes the patient to refuse to eat and drink;
• Enlargement and soreness of regional lymph nodes (submandibular, cervical);
• Dry, persistent cough;
• Deterioration of the general condition, fever, weakness in the body, lethargy.

As we have already indicated above, in the absence of proper treatment of such an inflammatory process in the pharynx, complications such as tracheitis, bronchitis and, in the most severe cases, pneumonia can develop. With these ailments, the symptoms will be somewhat different and more pronounced. It should not be forgotten that if there are symptoms of inflammation of the pharynx, it is best to immediately contact an ENT doctor to receive high-quality treatment than to treat complications of this disease for a long time later.

Causes of inflammation of the pharynx

The causes of inflammation of the pharynx are different. Such reasons that provoked inflammation of the pharynx include:

• Hypothermia general (whole body) and local (drinking cold drinks);
• Excessive physical activity, stressful conditions, which significantly reduces the defenses of the immune system;
• The presence of chronic inflammatory foci in the body, from where the pathogenic flora can migrate and cause inflammation in the pharynx;
• Decreased immune defense of the body and local defenses in the oropharynx;
• Damage to the mucous membrane of the pharynx as a result of a burn (eating too hot food or liquid) or injury.

Most often, inflammation in the pharynx occurs due to a viral or bacterial infection, however, this also occurs against the background of the above reasons. That is why, remember, you can always prevent throat inflammation. For this, it is necessary to try to avoid the impact of damaging factors.

Deep vacuum ultrasonic sanitation of palatine tonsils in case of inflammation of the pharynx

Treatment of inflammation of the pharynx

Treatment for sore throat often begins with throat sprays, oral medications, and sometimes antibiotics. Such treatment is not always effective and does not completely eliminate the inflammatory process, but only reduces it. This is dangerous because such pharyngitis can develop into a chronic form, and the treatment of chronic inflammatory processes is always more difficult and lengthy. That is why we offer unique methods of treating inflammation of the pharynx, which permanently eliminate the inflammatory process and prevent chronic inflammation and the development of complications.

All methods of treating inflammation of the pharynx used in our center are absolutely painless and highly effective.

The treatment of inflammation of the pharynx is carried out by the doctors of our clinic at the highest level. Before prescribing modern and unique techniques that quickly and reliably eliminate the inflammatory process in the pharynx, our specialists conduct a thorough diagnosis, which allows us to make a correct diagnosis.

The following methods are actively used as therapeutic measures to eliminate inflammation of the pharynx:

• Mineral therapy - allows you to eliminate the action of pathological microorganisms, eliminate signs of inflammation, restore the mucous membrane, and most importantly, quickly relieve pain. This method of treating inflammation in the pharynx is highly effective and indispensable in most cases;
• Ozone therapy - this modern method of treating ENT pathologies is also actively used in our clinic. With the help of ozone therapy, it is possible to treat even chronic inflammatory ENT diseases, including chronic pharyngitis. This technique makes it possible to eliminate the infection not with the use of antibiotic therapy, but with the help of medical ozone, which has a positive effect in the treatment and leads to the complete elimination of inflammation in the throat.

It is very important that in our clinic each treatment method is selected for the patient on an individual basis. This approach allows you to quickly and efficiently eliminate inflammation of the pharynx and achieve excellent results in treatment. Remember, treatment in our clinic will always be as comfortable and of high quality as possible for you!

Most often the reasondiseases of the oropharynxare various infections. Their most popular consequences are tonsillitis (more scientifically - acute tonsillitis, laryngitis and pharyngitis. The article contains doctors' recommendations on how not to harm yourself with these diseases, but on the contrary, help the body recover quickly.

Angina causes inflammation of the tonsils. In addition to a sore throat, she is accompanied by aches all over her body, weakness and high temperature, from 38 degrees.

A person wakes up in the morning relatively vigorous, but by the evening he is usually "limp". The disease has many varieties: catarrhal (red throat), follicular (purulent follicles on the tonsils), lacunar (pus in the lacunae), aphthous (rashes on the tonsils in the form of white or pinkish ulcers), herpetic (rashes on the tonsils in the form of bubbles).

Laryngitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx. Symptoms - perspiration and redness, slightly elevated (about 37.5 ° C) temperature and - a distinguishing feature - hoarse heavy breathing and a hoarse voice. The patient's condition is worse in the morning, immediately after waking up.

Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx. It is accompanied by redness, perspiration, the same as with laryngitis, a slightly elevated temperature, often with a dry, painful cough.

Treatment is prescribed by a doctor. Warm rinses and grandmother's recipes will not help. Untreated diseases can lead to all sorts of complications. But typical recommendations for diseases of the oropharynx are the same for everyone.

Inflammation of the oropharynx. Do's and Don'ts for Treatment

At inflammation of the oropharynx it is forbidden:
1. Tighten your throat.
That is, talk long and loudly. Communication should be kept to a minimum. Listen more. Shorten your answers. As the signalmen say, switch to the mode of receiving information.

2. There are salty, chocolate, spicy and even healthy citrus fruits. All these products irritate the oropharynx. You should also avoid solid foods: crackers, cookies. It is best to use cereals, light broths, baked vegetables.

3. Drink excessively hot drinks.
They will not warm the throat, but only additionally injure the mucous membrane.

4. At elevated temperatures, consume a lot of milk.
Protein dishes in such a situation can increase the intoxication of the body.

5. Gargle with water with soda and iodine.
This disinfectant solution will benefit only with purulent sore throat. In other cases, it will only irritate the mucous membrane of the throat.

6. Walk.
Inflammation of the oropharynx implies bed rest and, ideally, cessation of communication for 5 to 10 days.

7. Independently "prescribe" antibiotics.
8. Postpone calling your doctor if your sore throat is accompanied by headache, fever, vomiting, or rash.

With inflammation of the oropharynx, you can and should:
1. Relieve pain with local remedies - special lozenges or sprays.
2. Take complex vitamins to strengthen immunity.
3. Ventilate the room. This will help you fall asleep faster and sleep better at night.
4. Drink a warm drink with vitamin C and honey as often as possible (in the absence of an allergy to the latter).
It has a healing and disinfecting effect. It will be useful to include extracts of hawthorn and wild rose in the composition of such drinks.

Inflammation of the larynx is a pathological process that occurs as a result of the spread of a fungal, bacterial or viral infection.

The disease, which is also called laryngitis, can occur in isolation, and also be one of the manifestations of respiratory damage.

What is a larynx?

The most important are the arytenoid cartilages that regulate the position of the vocal cords. The organ performs respiratory, protective and voice-forming functions. It regulates the supply of oxygen by warming the incoming air before it enters the lungs.

The main function of the larynx is to protect against the ingress of foreign objects. The epiglottic cartilage prevents foreign bodies from entering the lungs.

Inflammation of the cartilage of the larynx can be triggered by:

• bacterial infections (staphylococcus, streptococcus, measles);
• various viruses;
• fungi (against the background of the affected immunity);
• allergens (room dust, flower pollen, animal hair, some products).

The disease can be caused by eating too cold food, prolonged exposure to cold, smoking, improper structure of the nasal septum, foreign body, work in hazardous industries.

Types of inflammation of the larynx

Diseases of the pharynx and larynx can take an acute and chronic form. Let's consider them in more detail.

Acute laryngitis

Acute diseases of the larynx accompanies such diseases as influenza, scarlet fever, diphtheria, Staphylococcus aureus. The disease often develops in people who have reduced immunity as a result of previous illnesses or as a result of long-term use of antibiotics.

The acute form is often found in preschool children. This is due to the peculiarities of the structure of the respiratory organs and larynx in a child (not wide enough gap), not formed immunity, a higher tendency than in adults to allergic reactions. The development of the disease in children is often preceded by influenza or SARS.

In children 2-6 years old, a rather rare disease occurs - inflammation of the epiglottis. The disease is characterized by rapid development: the child has shortness of breath. obstructing free breathing, severe sore throat, chills, salivation, slurred speech.

Inflammation of the back wall of the larynx (pharyngitis) is usually caused by viral diseases. Patients experience pain, a feeling of itching and "scratching" in the throat. Treatment with antibiotics in this case is not justified.

Chronic laryngitis

In most cases, to the chronic form of the disease. Other provoking factors include prolonged exposure to unfavorable conditions (work in dusty or gassed rooms), alcohol and smoking abuse, increased stress on the vocal cords associated with professional activities.

A fungal infection of the throat can cause candidiasis, which is also called "thrush". The disease is characterized by the appearance of curdled plaque on the tongue, dryness and irritation in the mouth, redness and swelling of the mucous membranes.
Source: website

How to determine the presence of inflammation in the larynx by the main symptoms?

Symptoms of the disease manifest themselves depending on the cause that provoked the pathology. Adults and children develop cough, pain and burning sensation in the throat.

Other symptoms include:

• hoarseness and change in the timbre of the voice;
• dry mouth;
• increased salivation;
• severe pain when swallowing food;
• red larynx;
• accumulation of mucous secretions in the throat;
• increase in body temperature;
• general weakness and malaise.

Chronic laryngitis is characterized by severe wheezing and the complete disappearance of the voice, a strong cough when trying to get rid of accumulated mucus, enlarged lymph nodes, and swelling of the mucous membranes.

In the absence of proper treatment, the mucus can change its color from clear to yellowish. Over time, the appearance of purulent discharge is noted, the patient's throat muscles hurt.

In some forms of laryngitis, such as those caused by the herpes virus, patients notice the appearance of blisters on the back of the throat. With the progression of the disease, they are able to spread to the epiglottis and the surface of the tongue. When opened, the vesicles leave behind painful sores covered with plaque.

In children, laryngitis manifests itself with the appearance of a barking cough, wheezing, difficulty breathing, worsening sleep, irritability and increased nervous excitement. The child's condition usually worsens at night when he is in the supine position.

When should you see a doctor? What is needed?

With a mild form of inflammation, it can be dealt with at home. But, if the symptoms of the disease do not go away within two weeks after their appearance, you must definitely seek medical help. The treatment of larynx disease is carried out. In children, this disease is treated by a pediatrician.

Medical assistance is required immediately if the patient has severe difficulty breathing, bloody discharge is observed in the separated mucus, and body temperature is significantly increased.

What diagnostics will be needed?

Before treating the larynx, it is necessary to establish the cause that caused the pain and inflammation. This will require modern diagnostic methods. First of all, pay attention to the patient's complaints and general examination data. At the next stage of diagnosis, a general blood test and laryngoscopy are prescribed.

Laryngoscopy allows you to determine the condition of the larynx and vocal cords, to identify foci of inflammation and swelling. At the stage of diagnosis, it is important to exclude other diseases with similar symptoms, such as tracheitis, diphtheria, allergic lesions, as they require different treatment.

It is possible to prescribe video laryngoscopy, during which it is possible to determine the vibration of the vocal cords.

In order to check the body for the presence of a malignant tumor, tissue is taken for a biopsy.

Treatment: how to relieve inflammation?

The treatment process of inflammation of the larynx is complex and includes drug therapy, physiotherapy and special exercises for the larynx. The goal of treatment is to eliminate the symptoms of the disease and prevent the formation of laryngospasm.

Treatment of the syndrome of inflammation of the larynx with laryngitis includes:

• carrying out inhalations;
• drug therapy to relieve pain and relieve inflammation in the throat (sprays, solutions, tablets);
• antibiotics for bacterial origin of the disease;

• topical medications to eliminate pain and perspiration;
• antipyretics;
• vitamins and drugs to improve immunity.

The selection of all pharmaceuticals should be carried out exclusively by the attending otolaryngologist, taking into account the type of laryngitis and the patient's condition. Incorrect treatment can cause complications or allergic reactions (anaphylactic shock, angioedema, and others).

Inhalation treatment

Inhalation is one of the most effective methods of treating inflammation of the larynx. For its implementation are used:

• decoctions and infusions of medicinal plants (chamomile, calamus, sage, eucalyptus leaves);
• aroma oils;
• and softening of sputum;
• mineral waters (Borjomi, Essentuki);
• antiseptics (Furacilin,).

Carrying out inhalations allows you to remove swelling and eliminate soreness in the throat, moisturize the mucous membranes and remove sputum residues from the body. For treatment, both steam and nebulizer inhalations are prescribed, which have an expectorant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effect.

Proper procedure is of great importance. The duration of inhalation should not exceed 10-15 minutes. It is recommended to carry out 1-2 procedures in the morning and evening, not earlier than half an hour after a meal. During the procedure and immediately after it is not recommended to talk.

Steam inhalation is contraindicated if the patient is prone to nosebleeds, at high body temperature, the presence of purulent secretions, and attacks of bronchial asthma.

Antibiotics in treatment

This group of drugs is prescribed only in cases where laryngitis is caused by a bacterial infection. A good result is obtained by treatment with drugs Amoxicillin, Cefuroxime, Metronidazole. The duration of treatment is 7-10 days, in the absence of positive dynamics, the drug should be replaced.

Long-term treatment with antibiotics should necessarily include the use of antifungal drugs to avoid throat candidiasis.

Treatment of allergic laryngitis involves the exclusion of the allergen from the patient's life. In most cases, limiting the patient's contact with the allergen leads to a rapid recovery of the patient.

Antiseptics in treatment

Various aerosols and sprays are used to treat the throat. Effective drugs include Ingalipt, Tantum Verde, Geksoral, Lugol. When using these drugs, contraindications should be considered. So, for example, Lugol is not recommended for children under five years of age and patients with an allergy to iodine.

For gargling with infectious laryngitis, antiseptic solutions Miramistin, Furacilin are used. Ready-made alcohol tinctures of medicinal herbs, which can be purchased at a pharmacy, are also effective.

Physiotherapy

Among the effective physiotherapeutic agents, it is worth highlighting:

• magnetotherapy;
• electrophoresis with hydrocortisone;
• UHF therapy;
• laser exposure.

The listed physiotherapy procedures are additional methods of treatment and should not replace the main therapy.

Patients with chronic inflammation of the larynx are shown sanatorium treatment in places with a humid and warm climate. These include the resorts of Crimea, Sochi, Anapa.

How to treat at home?

Inflammation of the larynx is successfully treated at home, subject to the following general rules:

• minimize conversations, and even better remain silent, this will contribute to the rapid recovery and healing of mucous membranes;
• maintain a favorable indoor climate (regular ventilation, keeping the air humidity level at least 50-60%, maintaining the room temperature at 20-24 C);
• drinking 2-3 liters of liquid per day (herbal teas, fruit drinks, warm milk with mineral waters);

• the exclusion of hot, spicy, cold and salty foods, alcoholic beverages, coffee, chocolate, the inclusion in the menu of liquid cereals, soups with vegetable broths, dairy products, non-acidic fruits;
• taking hot foot baths.

The throat area must be kept warm. To do this, it is wrapped with a scarf or scarf made of natural fabric. Warming compresses or mustard plasters are applied to the calf and chest area.

It is worth noting

One of the most effective home remedies is rinsing. For medicinal decoctions, decoctions of chamomile, calendula, sage, plantain, oak bark are used.

To relieve inflammation and swelling at home, use a soda solution. To prepare it, stir a tablespoon of soda in a glass of warm water. It is necessary to gargle for 5-7 days several times a day.

Voice restoration

• a milk-egg mixture made from a glass of milk and one egg yolk, which is drunk or gargled with it;
• infusion of viburnum berries with the addition of honey for taking before meals;
• a mixture of finely chopped aloe leaf and honey, taken in equal proportions, must be kept in the mouth until it is completely dissolved;
• mix a tablespoon of honey with 30 ml of cognac and add one yolk to the mixture, with this tool you can return the lost voice in an extremely short time.

Prevention of the disease includes hardening procedures, following the rules of a healthy diet, giving up bad habits, walking in the fresh air, especially near water bodies. Infectious and viral diseases should be detected and treated in time, preventing their complications.

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