Viral diseases - a list of common ailments and the most dangerous viruses. Signs of SARS in adults

ARVI (acute respiratory viral infection) is a respiratory disease caused by a viral infection entering the body. The route of transmission of viruses is airborne. People with a weakened immune system are most prone to contracting an acute infection during the cold season, this happens especially often.

To provide the patient with quality care, the doctor prescribes drugs with a complex spectrum of action. Next, we will consider what kind of disease it is, what are the causes and symptoms in adults, and how to treat SARS for a quick recovery of the body.

What is SARS?

SARS are airborne infections caused by viral pathogens that mainly affect the respiratory system. Outbreaks of respiratory viral infections occur all year round, but the epidemic is more often observed in autumn and winter, especially in the absence of high-quality prevention and quarantine measures to detect cases of infection.

During periods of peak incidence of acute respiratory viral infections, ARVI is diagnosed in 30% of the world's population, respiratory viral infections are many times higher in frequency than other infectious diseases.

The difference between ARVI and ARI at first glance is insignificant. However, there may be a virus (influenza) or a bacterium (streptococcus), the causative agent of ARVI is only a virus.

The reasons

SARS are caused by a variety of viruses belonging to different genera and families. They are united by a pronounced affinity for the cells of the epithelium lining the respiratory tract. Acute respiratory viral infections can be caused by different types of viruses:

• flu,
• parainfluenza,
• adenoviruses,
• rhinoviruses,
• 2 serovars RSV,
• reoviruses.

Entering the body through the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract or the conjunctiva of the eyes, viruses, having penetrated the epithelial cells, begin to multiply and destroy them. Inflammation occurs at the sites of introduction of viruses.

Source of infection- a sick person, especially if this person is in the initial stage of the disease: feeling unwell and weak until the moment when a person realizes that he is sick, already isolating the virus, he infects his environment - the work team, fellow travelers in public transport, family.

The main route of infection airborne, with small particles of mucus and saliva released when talking, coughing, sneezing.

For the development of ARVI, the concentration of the virus in the environment is of great importance. So, the smaller the number of viruses that enters the mucous membranes, the lower the percentage of the likelihood of developing the disease. A high saturation of viruses persists in a closed room, especially with a large crowd of people. The lowest concentration of viruses, on the contrary, is noted in the fresh air.

Risk factors

Provoking factors contributing to the development of infection:

• hypothermia;
• stress;
• poor nutrition;
• unfavorable ecological situation;
• chronic infections.

It is best to determine how a doctor can treat SARS. Therefore, in the event of the appearance of the first symptoms, it is necessary to call a local therapist or pediatrician.

Incubation period

The incubation period of SARS in adults can last from 1 to 10 days, but mostly it is 3-5 days.

The disease is highly contagious. Viruses enter the mucous membranes by airborne droplets. You can get sick through the touch of hands, dishes, towels, so communication with the patient should be strictly limited.

In order not to infect other family members, the patient must:

• wear a special gauze bandage;
• use only your personal hygiene items;
• process them systematically.

After an illness, immunity does not develop resistance to SARS, which is due to a large number of different viruses and their strains. Moreover, viruses are subject to mutation. This leads to the fact that an adult can get ARVI up to 4 times a year.

If a patient is diagnosed with a disease, he is prescribed antiviral drugs and bed rest until complete recovery.

The first signs of an acute respiratory viral infection

Usually begins with a slight malaise and sore throat. In some people, at this time, an exacerbation of chronic herpes occurs, accompanied by the appearance of characteristic blisters with liquid in the lips.

The first signs of an acute respiratory viral infection will be:

• pain in the eyes;
• increase in general body temperature;
• a situation in which watery eyes and a runny nose;
• sore throat, dryness, irritation, sneezing;
• an increase in the size of the lymph nodes;
• sleep disorders;
• coughing fits;
• voice changes (if the mucous membranes of the larynx are inflamed).

How contagious is SARS for an adult? Experts have found that a person who catches the virus becomes contagious 24 hours before the very first symptoms of the disease are detected.

Thus, if signs of a respiratory infection appeared 2.5 days after the introduction of the pathogen into the body, then a sick person could infect others starting from 1.5 days after communicating with the previous carrier of the virus.

SARS symptoms in adults

Common features of SARS: a relatively short (about a week) incubation period, acute onset, fever, intoxication and catarrhal symptoms. Symptoms of SARS in adults develop rapidly, and the sooner responses to the invasion of the infection are taken and treatment is started, the easier the immune system will cope with the disease.

Main symptoms:

• Malaise - weakness in the muscles and aching joints, I want to lie down all the time;
• drowsiness - constantly sleepy, no matter how long a person sleeps;
• runny nose - at first not strong, just like a clear liquid from the nose. Most attribute this to a sharp change in temperature (I went from the cold into a warm room, and condensation appeared in my nose);
• chills - discomfort when touching the skin;
• sore throat - it can be expressed as a tickle, and a tingling sensation or even pain in the neck.

Depending on the state of the immune system, the symptoms of SARS may increase or decrease. If the protective functions of the respiratory organs are at a high level, it will be very easy to get rid of the virus and the disease will not cause complications.

In addition, if the usual symptoms of SARS do not go away after 7-10 days, then this will also be a reason to consult a specialist (more often an ENT doctor becomes one).

If the patient has chronic diseases, then this can lead to an exacerbation. During the period of exacerbation, diseases develop: bronchial asthma, bronchitis, sinusitis,. They worsen a person's condition and make it difficult to treat.

Symptoms of SARS requiring emergency medical attention:

• temperature above 40 degrees, almost or not responding to taking antipyretic drugs;
• impaired consciousness (confused consciousness, fainting);
• intense headache with inability to bend the neck, bringing the chin to the chest
  the appearance of a rash on the body (asterisks, hemorrhages);
• chest pain when breathing, difficulty inhaling or exhaling, feeling short of breath, coughing up phlegm (pink is more serious);
• prolonged, more than five days of fever;
• the appearance of secretions from the respiratory tract green, brown, mixed with fresh blood;
• pain behind the sternum, not dependent on breathing, swelling.

Complications

If the necessary measures for its treatment are not taken with ARVI, complications may develop, which are expressed in the development of the following diseases and conditions:

• acute sinusitis (inflammation of the sinuses with the addition of a purulent infection),
• lowering the infection down the respiratory tract with the formation and,
• spread of infection to the auditory tube with the formation,
• accession of a secondary bacterial infection (for example,),
• exacerbation of foci of chronic infection both in the broncho-pulmonary system and in other organs.

Particularly susceptible to this are the so-called "adult" teenagers who cannot sit at home for a minute. It is necessary to have a conversation with them, because complications after SARS can not only spoil life, there have been cases with a fatal outcome.

Diagnostics

Which doctor will help? If you have or suspect the development of ARVI, you should immediately seek advice from such doctors as a general practitioner, an infectious disease specialist.

For the diagnosis of ARVI, the following examination methods are usually used:

• Examination of the patient;
• Immunofluorescence express diagnostics;
• bacteriological research.

If the patient has developed bacterial complications, then he is referred for a consultation with other specialists - a pulmonologist, an otolaryngologist. If pneumonia is suspected, an X-ray of the lungs is performed. If there are pathological changes in the ENT organs, then the patient is prescribed pharyngoscopy, rhinoscopy, otoscopy.

How to treat SARS in adults?

At the first symptoms of the disease, bed rest is necessary. You need to call a doctor to make a diagnosis, determine the severity of the disease. In the mild and moderate form of ARVI, they are treated at home, the severe form is treated in an infectious diseases hospital.

1. Mode.
2. Decrease in toxicity.
3. Impact on the pathogen - the use of antiviral agents for ARVI.
4. Elimination of the main manifestations - runny nose, sore throat, cough.

Drugs for the treatment of SARS

It is necessary to treat SARS with the help of antiviral drugs, because the main cause of the disease is a virus. From the first hours of the onset of symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections, no later than 48 hours later, they begin to take one of the drugs 2 times a day:

• Amiksin;
• rimantadine or amantadine - 0.1 g each;
• oseltamivir (Tamiflu) - 0.075 - 0.15 g;
• zanamivir (Relenza).

You need to take antiviral drugs for 5 days.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. This category includes:

• ibuprofen,
• Paracetamol
• Diclofenac.

These drugs have an anti-inflammatory effect, reduce temperature, and relieve pain.

Can be taken combination drugs containing paracetamol - for example:

• Fervex,
• Theraflu

Their effectiveness is the same as that of conventional paracetamol, but they are more convenient to use and reduce the intensity of other symptoms of SARS due to the presence of phenylephrine and chlorphenamine in the composition.

Antihistamine medicines needed to reduce signs of inflammation: nasal congestion, swelling of mucous membranes. Reception "", "Fenistila", "Zirtek" is recommended. Unlike first-generation drugs, they do not cause drowsiness.

Against nasal congestion and runny nose with ARVI in adults, vasoconstrictor nasal drops Vibrocil, Nazivin, Otrivin, Sanorin are used.

Are antibiotics needed?

The prognosis for SARS is generally favorable. The worsening of the prognosis occurs when complications occur, a more severe course often develops when the body is weakened, in children of the first year of life, in senile people. Some complications (pulmonary edema, encephalopathy, false croup) can be fatal.

The main indications for taking antibiotics for colds are the following:

• chronic inflammation of the middle ear;
• purulent otitis;
• purulent;
• quinsy;
• abscess;
• phlegmon.

1. An important action is isolation of the patient from society because the infection will then spread. Being in crowded places, the infected will endanger them.
2. It is required to observe a number of rules regarding the room where the patient is located. This includes its wet cleaning, mandatory ventilation (every 1.5 hours), temperature conditions (20-22 °), it is good if the indoor humidity is 60-70%.
3. Need to drink plenty of water, it should only be warm. In fact, this is any drink: tea, decoctions, compote, just warm water, etc.
4. Taking a shock dose of vitamin C. In the early days of SARS, you need to take ascorbic acid up to 1000 milligrams per day.
5. Warming up feet and hands with hot baths. Warming procedure can be carried out if the patient does not have a temperature.
6. Gargling. The throat must be gargled so that the infection does not spread. Gargling helps relieve coughs. Soda-salt solution, decoctions of chamomile, calendula, sage are suitable for gargling.
7. Rinse your nose regularly with saline solutions. The cheapest option is physiological saline, you can also use modern drugs Dolphin or - their effectiveness in comparison with conventional saline is absolutely identical.
8. Inhalations. This procedure is aimed at relieving coughing. From folk remedies, for inhalation, you can use steam from potatoes "in uniform", as well as decoctions of chamomile, calendula, mint and other medicinal herbs. From modern means, a nibulizer can be used for inhalation.

In the acute stage of the disease, a person has a fever, a serious condition, apathy, loss of appetite, pain in the joints, muscles, etc. As soon as the virus begins to “lose up”, the temperature balance normalizes - perspiration occurs, the pallor of the skin turns into a blush, the patient wants to eat, is drawn to sweets.

Food

Food during the treatment of ARVI should be light, quickly digestible. It is important to maintain a balance of fats, proteins and carbohydrates. For a speedy recovery, it is worth limiting the amount of fat consumed. But it is not necessary to give up easily digestible carbohydrates. They will replenish energy reserves.

Depending on the stage of recovery, the nutrition of a patient with ARVI can be built as follows:

• On the first day of illness - baked apples, low-fat yogurt, fermented baked milk.
• On the second or third day - boiled meat or fish, porridge with milk, dairy products.
• On the days of complications of the disease - boiled or stewed vegetables, low-fat sour-milk products.

Folk remedies for SARS

ARVI can be treated with the following folk remedies:

1. Brew in a glass of boiling water for 1 tsp. ginger powder, ground cinnamon, add ground black pepper on the tip of a knife. Insist under the lid for 5 minutes, add 1 tsp. honey. Take a glass every 3-4 hours.
2. Modern healers recommend treating colds with a special mixture of juices. You will need: juice from 2 lemons, 1 crushed garlic clove, 5 mm fresh ginger root, 1 apple with skin, 1 pear with skin, 300 gr. water, 1 tablespoon honey. If the juice is intended for adults, you can add a slice of radish 2 cm thick to it. Drink the resulting mixture 2 times a day until complete recovery.
3. You can do inhalation over a container of hot water. To increase efficiency, a clove of garlic, an extract of needles, fir oil, and eucalyptus are added to the liquid. Also, on the basis of these oils, nasal drops are made.
4. To disinfect the air in the room, it is worth putting a container with onions or garlic in the room. They are rich in useful phytoncides that destroy viruses.
5. Loss of smell is one of the most annoying symptoms of a cold (especially for an aromatherapist!) Chervil, geranium, and basil oils can help. Use them when taking baths and during inhalations.

Prevention

ARVI preventive methods include:

• limiting contact with a sick person;
• use of a protective gauze mask;
• humidification of the air to prevent drying of the mucous membranes;
• quartzization of premises;
• ventilation of premises;
• good nutrition;
• sports;
• the use of vitamins and restorative drugs in the offseason;
• personal hygiene.

You will get the maximum result if you carry out complex treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, take all the drugs prescribed by your doctor and remember about bed rest.

SARS, or acute respiratory viral infections, are a group of diseases with similar symptoms. They mainly affect the organs of the respiratory system and develop after the virus enters the body. The group of RNA- and DNA-containing pathogens dangerous to humans includes more than 200 species.

Take note! Although any "cold" disease is usually classified as SARS, such a diagnosis will be correct only when it is made by a specialist. After all, the viral nature of the problem must be determined through tests, otherwise the cause of the disease may turn out to be an acute respiratory disease (acute respiratory disease), which has similar symptoms. Treatment that can give a significant effect in the case of acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections should be different.

The peak incidence of acute respiratory viral infections occurs in the winter, and the frequency of the disease in spring and autumn is also characteristic. In the first case, an organism weakened and receiving insufficient vitamins succumbs to infection, in the second, a decrease in immunity and susceptibility to disease increase with hypothermia. There are also sudden outbreaks of the disease, when it spreads rapidly in large cities.

The disease begins when a pathogen enters the body. The main route of its spread is airborne: the smallest particles of the patient’s saliva in the air, which are ejected when sneezing or coughing, are dangerous, therefore, for infection, it is enough to be in the same room with the infected person.

Some viruses have the ability to survive even outside the human body. Such pathogens settle on household items, public transport handrails, etc. Hands that are not washed after contact with a dirty surface easily lead to infection. It happens especially easily, there is a person, without washing his hands, touches the mucous membranes (nose or corner of the eye), providing the virus with the simplest access to the body.

Video - Symptoms and treatment of SARS (from 33 minutes)

Symptoms of the disease

The signs of SARS differ in each case, however, in any case, the disease is characterized by a syndrome of general intoxication, which is expressed in a number of signs:

• diffuse headaches;
• chills
• various kinds of pain in muscles, joints and bones;
• increasing weakness, drowsiness and malaise over time;
• fever
• problems with the upper respiratory tract.

Take note! The body temperature of the patient can reach 38-40 degrees. This effect is a protective measure of the body and is necessary for the most effective suppression of infection. It is recommended to bring down the temperature only in cases where it exceeds the threshold of 38 degrees and its further increase is life-threatening.

However, some cases of infection pass with a body temperature that does not go beyond subfebrile values.

The initial stage of ARVI invariably brings with it a catarrhal syndrome:

• difficulty breathing due to nasal congestion;
• abundant formation in the nasal cavities of mucus;
• pain when swallowing;
• perspiration in the oropharynx;
• increased activity of the lacrimal glands, pain in the eyes;
• sneezing.

These problems arise due to inflammation of the tissues of the nasopharynx after the penetration of a viral agent into the body and swelling of the mucous membranes.

There is also a problem on the part of the main affected system - the respiratory one. Usually it is a dry cough, turning into attacks, causing a sore throat and not accompanied by sputum. He talks about the development of the inflammatory process in the bronchi and alveolar vesicles.

The process is often accompanied by a number of other signs:

• sleep disorders;
• voice change and difficulty speaking;
• photophobia;
• dizziness;
• nausea, as well as vomiting and gastrointestinal disorders in severe cases;
• enlargement of the lymph nodes.

Asymptomatic course of the disease

SARS have an incubation period of about two to three days, when viruses, once in the body, actively multiply. At this time, there are no or almost no symptoms of the disease, so the person is unaware of the problem, continuing to spread the infection - this is what causes global outbreaks of SARS.

It's relevant! In recent days, experts have identified an increased frequency of the atypical course of acute respiratory viral infections, in which there is no temperature reaction of the body to the disease.

In order not to miss the moment of infection, to start treatment on time and not to endure the disease on your feet, further weakening the infected body, it is important to listen to its signals in addition to temperature changes and not neglect a timely visit to the doctor.

Most worrisome symptoms

ARVI can lead to numerous complications of various kinds, depending on which organ the progressive infection spreads to. The most common consequences of a neglected infection are pneumonia, tonsillitis, sinusitis and sinusitis.

The fact that the development of pneumonia has begun is most eloquently indicated by the sudden deterioration in the patient's well-being, the temperature remaining at 39 degrees and the development of shortness of breath.

ARVI is a viral disease, but with untimely treatment, bacterial agents can join the viral agents, which prolongs the course of the disease and increases the risk of complications.

Note! The fact that an infection caused by bacteria has developed in the body against the background of the disease is indicated by the changed color of nasal discharge. If the transparent substance turns greenish, the situation has changed for the worse. White plaque covering the tonsils and tongue, the appearance of bad breath and the formation of small ulcers on the cheeks and tongue testify to the same.

SARS and influenza: differences

Often, cases of SARS are confused with influenza. This is not surprising, because both infections are very close and have not only almost identical symptoms, but also similar pathogens. However, there are important reasons to learn to distinguish them:

Anyone can face SARS today. You can avoid the disease through preventive measures, a healthy vitamin-rich diet and strong immunity. However, even these measures are not able to 100% eliminate the risk of successful penetration of the virus into the body.

It is important to treat the infection adequately. It is worth listening sensitively to the signals of the body, not counting the malaise and the manifestation of symptoms of SARS as a trifle. Immunity can cope with the problem on its own only after a long struggle, during which you have to stay at home. Timely intake of antiviral drugs will greatly facilitate the course of the disease, and will also allow you not to waste time lying in bed, which is so unpleasantly unsettling.

Visiting a doctor if you suspect a SARS or obvious signs of illness is by no means a waste of time, but a way to quickly and effectively put an end to infections. The specialist will prescribe a drug complex suitable in a particular case, conduct the necessary tests, determine the group of the causative agent of the disease and help to undergo treatment quickly and without the risk of complications.

Follow these simple tips and be healthy!

ARVI (acute respiratory viral infection) is a huge group of diseases that are caused by various DNA and RNA viruses (there are about 200 of them).

They affect the respiratory system and are easily transmitted by airborne droplets. The disease always occurs acutely and proceeds with pronounced symptoms of a cold.

This is one of the most common diseases: in 80% of cases, schoolchildren miss classes due to the incidence of SARS, and adults lose almost half of their working time for the same reason. Today we will discuss SARS - the symptoms and treatment of this infection.

The reasons

The main causes of the development of a viral respiratory infection are about two hundred different viruses:

• flu and parainfluenza, bird and swine flu;
• adenovirus, RS virus;
• rhinovirus, picornavirus;
• coronavirus, bocaruvirus, etc.

The patient becomes the source of infection during the incubation period and in the prodromal period, when the concentration of viruses in his biological secrets is maximum. The route of transmission of the infection is airborne, when sneezing, coughing, talking, screaming with small particles of mucus and saliva.

There may be infection through common utensils and household items, through dirty hands in children and through food contaminated with viruses. Susceptibility to a viral infection is different - people with strong immunity may not get infected or suffer a mild illness.

Contribute to development respiratory infections such as:

• stress;
• poor nutrition;
• hypothermia;
• chronic infections;
• unfavorable environment.

Signs of the disease

The first signs of SARS in adults and children include:

• temperature rise;
• headache;
• sneezing
• weakness, malaise;
• and/or .

SARS symptoms in adults

SARS usually proceed in stages, the incubation period from the moment of infection to the onset of the first symptoms is different, ranging from several hours to 3-7 days.

During the period of clinical manifestations, all acute respiratory viral infections have similar manifestations of varying degrees of severity:

• nasal congestion, runny nose, nasal discharge from scanty to copious and watery, sneezing and itching in the nose,
• sore throat, discomfort, soreness when swallowing, redness in the throat,
• (dry or wet)
• fever from moderate (37.5-38 degrees) to severe (38.5-40 degrees),
• general malaise, refusal to eat, headaches, drowsiness,
• eye redness, burning, tearing,
• indigestion with loose stools,
• rarely there is a reaction of the lymph nodes in the jaw and neck, in the form of an increase with mild soreness.

Symptoms of SARS in adults depend on the specific type of virus, and can vary from a slight runny nose and cough to severe feverish and toxic manifestations. On average, manifestations last from 2-3 to seven or more days, the febrile period lasts up to 2-3 days.

The main symptom of ARVI is high contagiousness to others, the timing of which depends on the type of virus. On average, the patient is infectious during the last days of the incubation period and the first 2-3 days of clinical manifestations, the number of viruses gradually decreases and the patient becomes not dangerous in terms of the spread of infection.

In young children, diarrhea is often a symptom of SARS. Babies often complain of pain in the abdomen at the first stage of the disease, then a disorder, and after that a sharp increase in temperature is possible. Perhaps the appearance of a rash on the body of the child. Cough and runny nose may appear later - sometimes even a day later. Therefore, you need to carefully monitor the condition of the kids, and monitor the appearance of new signs.

How and how to treat SARS when the first symptoms appear, we will consider a little lower.

How many days does the temperature stay with orvi?

Inflammation in the throat and sneezing appear in the early stages of the development of the disease. And they usually go away in 3-6 days.

1. subfebrile temperature(weak manifestation of fever) and muscle pains usually accompany the initial symptoms, the temperature during orvi stays around a week, says Dr. Komarovsky.
2. Nasal congestion, nasal sinuses, ear sinuses– general symptoms, usually persist during the first week. In about 30% of all patients, these symptoms persist for two weeks, although all these symptoms usually disappear on their own in 7-10 days.
3. Usually the first few days the sinuses are not clogged, copious watery mucus is discharged from the nose, but after a while the mucus becomes thicker, takes on a color (green or yellow). A change in the color of the discharge does not automatically indicate the presence of a bacterial infection, in most cases the condition disappears after 5-7 days.
4. Cough appears in most cases of SARS, and is usually more productive than with the flu. The sputum ranges from clear to yellow-green and usually clears up in 2-3 weeks.

Although, a prolonged dry cough can persist for 4 weeks in 25% of cases of all infectious diseases.

flu symptoms

The influenza virus is not in vain excluded by most specialists from the ARI group. Its differences from ordinary colds are lightning-fast development, increased severity of the course of the disease, as well as complex treatment and an increased mortality rate.

1. comes unexpectedly and completely captures your body in a matter of hours;
2. Influenza is characterized by a sharp increase in temperature (in some cases up to 40.5 degrees), increased sensitivity to light, aches throughout the body, as well as pain: headache and muscle;
3. On the first day of the flu, you are protected from the common cold, which is characteristic only of this virus;
4. The most active phase of influenza falls on the third or fifth day of illness, and the final recovery occurs on days 8-10.
5. Considering that the influenza infection affects the blood vessels, it is for this reason that hemorrhages are possible: gingival and nasal;
6. After suffering the flu, you can catch another disease within the next 3 weeks, such diseases are most often very painful and can be fatal.

SARS prevention

To date, there are no really effective measures for the specific prevention of SARS. Strict adherence to the sanitary and hygienic regime in the focus of the epidemic is recommended. This is regular wet cleaning and ventilation of rooms, thorough washing of dishes and personal hygiene products for patients, wearing cotton-gauze bandages, frequent hand washing, etc.

It is important to increase the resistance of children to the virus through hardening, taking immunomodulators. Influenza vaccination is also considered a method of prevention.

During the epidemic, you should avoid crowded places, walk more often in the fresh air, take multivitamin complexes or ascorbic acid preparations. It is recommended to eat onion and garlic every day at home.

How to treat SARS?

Treatment of SARS in adults with a standard course of the disease is usually carried out at the patient's home. Mandatory bed rest, drinking plenty of fluids, drugs to combat the symptoms of the disease, light, but healthy and nutrient-rich food, warming procedures and inhalations, taking vitamins.

Many of us know that temperature is good, as this is how the body "fights" with the invaders. It is possible to bring down the temperature only if it has risen above 38 degrees, because after this mark there is a threat to the state of the patient's brain and heart.

It must also be remembered that antibiotics are not used for acute respiratory viral infections, since they are indicated for acute respiratory infections of exclusively bacterial origin (for example,), and acute respiratory viral infections are caused by viruses.

1. For a direct fight against the causative agent of the disease, they are prescribed: Remantadin (age limit from the age of seven), Amantadine, Oseltamivir, Amizon, Arbidol (age limit from two years), Amix
2. : paracetamol, ibuprofen, diclofenac. These drugs have an anti-inflammatory effect, reduce body temperature, and reduce pain. It is possible to take these drugs as part of medicinal powders such as Coldrex, Tera - flu, etc. It should be remembered that it is not worth lowering the temperature below 38ºС, since it is at this body temperature that defense mechanisms against infection are activated in the body. Exceptions are patients prone to convulsions and small children.
3. . The main goal of cough treatment is to make the sputum thin enough to be coughed up. The drinking regimen greatly helps in this, since the consumption of warm liquid dilutes sputum. If there are difficulties in expectoration, you can use expectorant drugs mukaltin, ACC, broncholithin, etc. You should not prescribe drugs that reduce the cough reflex on your own, as this can lead to dangerous consequences.
4. Taking vitamin C can speed up recovery from SARS and alleviate the condition, but does not prevent the development of the disease.
5. For cold treatment and improving nasal breathing, vasoconstrictor drugs are shown (Phenylephrine, Oxymethasone, Xylometazoline, Naphazoline, Indanazolamine, Tetrizoline, etc.), and if necessary, longer use is recommended for drugs containing essential oils (Pinosol, Kameton, Evkazolin, etc.).
6. A good help in the body's fight against infection will be taking immunomodulators, for example, the drug Imupret. It improves immunity and has an anti-inflammatory effect, significantly reducing the period of SARS. This is exactly the remedy that is shown both for the prevention and treatment of colds.
7. With significant pain and inflammation in the throat, it is recommended rinsing with antiseptic solutions, such as furatsilina (1:5000) or herbal infusions (calendula, chamomile, etc.).

Be sure to call the doctor if you or your child develops any of the following symptoms: a temperature higher than 38.5 C; Strong headache; pain in the eyes from the light; chest pain; shortness of breath, noisy or rapid breathing, difficulty breathing; skin rash; pale skin or the appearance of spots on it; vomit; difficulty waking up in the morning or unusual sleepiness; persistent cough or muscle aches.

Antibiotics for SARS

SARS are not treated with antibiotics. They are completely powerless against viruses, they are used only when bacterial complications occur.

Therefore, antibiotics should not be used without a doctor's prescription. These are drugs that are not safe for the body. In addition, uncontrolled use of antibiotics leads to the emergence of resistant forms of bacteria.

Added 2 years ago

Autumn is the time of various nasty viruses. The most popular of them are, of course, influenza and SARS. However, at this time of the year, you can pick up other viral infections - for example, herpetic or rotavirus. In order to understand what you are facing, we have collected five key signs of the presence in the body of each of these viruses.

Flu

Signs of SARS are familiar to many, and the flu, fortunately, is much less common. However, it is much more difficult and more dangerous with severe complications. How do you know if you have the flu?

• Unlike SARS, the flu starts suddenly. Literally like this - you walked completely healthy, and suddenly you felt: that's it, krants. Body temperature rises to 39-40.
• The flu is characterized by severe intoxication of the body: a feeling of weakness, nausea, aching joints. Increased fatigue persists for 2-3 weeks after illness
• A characteristic symptom of the flu is a severe headache. With ARVI, it is not expressed, it may not be at all.
• Photophobia with influenza is almost always.
• Runny nose and sneezing with the flu almost never happens.

Herpes

In fact, there are a lot of herpetic infections. For example, the Epstein-Barr virus, chickenpox or cytomegalovirus are from their family. But much more often, herpes is associated in the population with a cold on the lips. This is herpes simplex type I. The carrier of this virus is 90% of the world's population, but only in 5% of them it occurs with symptoms of the disease. Most often it affects the skin, eyes, mucous membranes of the face (lips, nose, eyelids, cheeks) and genitals.

Signs of herpes simplex:

• Itching, burning skin
• Chills, malaise
• The appearance of bubbles on the skin with transparent contents
• Fatigue, lethargy - for example, it becomes difficult to get up in the morning
• Bruises under the eyes

Rotavirus

Rotavirus infections, alas, are transmitted at lightning speed. Therefore, if someone in the team has a “stomach flu” (but this, of course, is not a flu at all, but gastroenteritis), infection is provided to almost everyone. Most often they are sick children.

The main symptoms of rotavirus are:

• An increase in body temperature (sometimes up to 37, and sometimes up to 40).
• Vomiting (including repeated)
• Diarrhea (up to 10 times a day)
• Runny nose, sore throat, conjunctivitis

Prevention

Prevention measures for all viral infections are approximately the same

• Wash your hands as often as possible, wash vegetables and fruits thoroughly
• Lubricate the nasal mucosa with oxolinic or viferon ointment (you can use vegetable oil) before visiting crowded places
• Use individual utensils
• After visiting crowded places, gargle (with decoctions of herbs, miramistin, etc.)
• If you have a cough, immediately start inhaling Borjomi or Narzan in a nebulizer
• Remember that garlic helps to escape from many viruses - eat a slice or two daily

In general, hygiene and attention to health will help you stay healthy even during an exacerbation of viral infections!

The human body at any age is capable of being exposed to various infectious diseases. The most common among them is either a viral infection. The disease is transmitted by airborne droplets, so any virus is easy to pick up and become infected. A person feels lethargic, his temperature rises. Without timely intervention, the virus can lead to complications, the disease can become chronic.

Causes of the disease

In spring and autumn, viruses spread twice as fast. Prolonged stay in rooms where there are many people is the main cause of infection. This can happen at work, on public transport, in supermarkets, shops, schools and kindergartens. The respiratory tract is the first to suffer, so if nasal congestion begins and appears, you should not hesitate to visit a doctor.

The causative agents of the disease are bacteria and viral infections. Antibiotics are usually not used at the initial stage of infection, so microorganisms and bacteria are not killed immediately. It is for this reason that the treatment is delayed and difficult to medicate. Antibiotics are already prescribed if the pathology worsens and leads to other health problems.

The most common causative viruses are adenoviruses. As for the bacterial infection, it is caused by category A streptococci and pneumococci.

It is also easy to get infected if you do not follow the rules of hygiene, eat unwashed foods, do not wash your hands with soap after the street or the bathroom.

Symptoms of a viral infection

To distinguish the common cold from a viral infection, you need to pay attention to the characteristic signs.

Here are some typical symptoms for this condition:

• runny nose
• inflammation of the larynx (sometimes there may be a discharge in the form of mucus)
• the temperature rises, no more than 38 degrees
• lethargy, weakness and soreness in the muscles
• drowsiness
• poor appetite

When the condition is neglected, the symptoms worsen. In this case, the signs are:

• temperature above 38 degrees
• nasal discharge acquires a mucous consistency, when blown out, purulent accumulations come out
• inflammation of the tonsils, pus accumulates in the back of the larynx
• wet cough
• dyspnea
• severe prolonged headaches
• soreness in the abdomen

You should not wait for viruses to cause complications. The sooner treatment is started, the sooner recovery will come.

Varieties of viruses

There are different viral infections. Before prescribing medicines, the doctor must make sure that the diagnosis is correct, because not all viruses are treated equally.

The next type is rhinovirus infection. Symptoms characteristic of this disease are: liquid discharge from the nasopharynx, sneezing, lacrimation. The bronchi, lungs and trachea will be clean. The maximum temperature is 37.4 degrees Celsius. With timely treatment, visible improvements will come in 5 days.

The third type is adenovirus infection. This disease already has a more complex degree of development, pathogens affect not only the respiratory system, but also spread to the entire lymphoid part. The disease is manifested by abundant mucous nasal secretions, tonsillitis may develop, and lymph nodes may enlarge. Severe cough and fever from fever can last up to twelve days. Intoxication, even at very high temperatures, will not be expressed. To prevent complications, it is important to take antiviral drugs in a timely manner.

The fourth type is respiratory syncytial infection. Often, the infection severely affects the lower respiratory tract. Concomitant diseases are, and if a child is infected, then bronchiolitis. In a neglected state, pneumonia can begin. Pneumonia can even be fatal.

Coronavirus infection - infection of the upper respiratory organs occurs. This type of viral infection is more common in young children, adults in very rare cases.

Any type requires specialist advice and proper diagnosis.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis primarily includes the delivery of all tests:

• finger blood test
• blood test from a vein

They may be asked to take sputum to study it in the laboratory or undergo fluorography. This is carried out if the doctor detects intoxication and murmurs in the lungs.

Urine and blood will help to establish the antigen viruses that caused this ailment.

Read also:

How to get rid of stomatitis at home, the first symptoms, causes, the best treatments for children and adults

First aid rules

There are certain steps by which you can independently provide first aid in the fight against the virus.

First you need to sit at home, no trips to work. Visiting crowded places will bring complications, and there is also the possibility that you yourself will infect someone.

Bed rest. The more the patient sleeps and rests, the more the body will have the strength to produce antibodies and immunity against this infection.

Drinking plenty of fluids also contributes to a speedy recovery. It is very good to drink not only clean water, but also Polyana Kvasova and Borjomi, where there is more alkali. The required amount of liquid will quickly remove the harmful toxins that the viral infection has created. If the patient cannot drink a lot of plain water, you can drink rosehip broth, lemon tea and drink fruit drinks from various fruits and berries.

If severe intoxication occurs, the patient suffers from a high temperature, he is feverish and shivering, then ordinary raspberries will help in this case. Raspberries can be used to make tea. This folk remedy is useful and tasty at the same time, ideal for treating young children. You can prepare a drink from fresh, dried and frozen berries. You can use raspberry jam. Sugar should not be added, as it is still a medicine.

Treatment Methods

It is not difficult to treat viral infections, especially if you start treatment on time. First of all, symptomatic therapy is used, this includes the reception: