Bleeding gums what to do. What to do? Diet for gums Poor or no oral hygiene

Unfortunately, many are familiar with the situation when, when brushing their teeth, blood is suddenly found on the brush. Often this unpleasant symptom is accompanied by sore gums, pustules and by no means the most pleasant smell from the mouth. What are the causes of such manifestations and what to do in such cases?

Causes of bleeding gums

There are many causes of bleeding gums, consider the main ones:

• inflammatory processes of the oral cavity - periodontitis, stomatitis, gingivitis;
• mechanical damage to soft tissues, chemical and thermal burns;
• changes in the hormonal background - in adolescence, during pregnancy;
• non-dental diseases - viral infections, hemophilia, leukemia, autoimmune diseases, diabetes mellitus;
• neglect of a healthy lifestyle - malnutrition, alcoholism, smoking.

Why does gum disease cause bad breath?

This article talks about typical ways to solve your questions, but each case is unique! If you want to know from me how to solve exactly your problem - ask your question. It's fast and free!

The oral cavity has its own special flora, consisting of a variety of microorganisms. When the microflora is in balance, opportunistic bacteria do not harm a person. On the contrary, these organisms are involved in the primary digestion of food, contribute to the synthesis of vitamins and serve as protection for the immune system.

When oral hygiene is not carried out carefully enough, the stuck food residues begin to decompose, provoking an uncontrolled growth of pathogenic flora. Then the bacteria cause inflammatory processes in the oral cavity, and their waste products exude a putrid odor, releasing hydrogen sulfide and other chemical compounds. Their main accumulation is concentrated in hard-to-reach places - interdental spaces and areas between the crown of the tooth and the gum.

Depending on the causative bacteria, their growth leads to various diseases:

If these ailments are not treated, one or more teeth can be lost, and sometimes the disease can even affect the ENT organs. Advanced cases are less amenable to treatment, so if unpleasant symptoms appear, you should immediately start therapy.

How to remove inflammation of the gums at home?

If the gums do not bleed heavily, you can try to eliminate the disease at home. First of all, it is worth paying more attention to the quality of hygiene procedures and their regularity. You should brush your teeth for at least two minutes, and be sure to clean the surface of the tongue and cheeks - they are also a favorite breeding ground for bacteria. In addition to general recommendations, it is advisable to use special tools.

Toothpaste

To prevent and treat gum disease, there are many toothpastes. Regardless of the composition, which varies from manufacturer to manufacturer, they have hemostatic and antiseptic properties. Such funds can be purchased at a pharmacy or hypermarkets. Consider pastes from various manufacturers:

It is impossible to unambiguously determine which of these pastes is better, everything is very individual. If possible, it is convenient to use probes.

Despite the fact that many manufacturers promise results almost after the first application, you should not expect such a quick victory over bleeding gums. However, if after a period of using the remedy, the condition worsens, then you should stop brushing your teeth with it.

Medicines

Unfortunately, toothpastes are not always able to cure bleeding gums, they are more suitable for the prevention of diseases, or for just beginning problems. To stop the development of the disease and remove bleeding and bad breath, they often resort to the help of medications (we recommend reading:).

Topical agents - these include various solutions, ointments and gels:

• antiseptic "Chlorhexidine" - the product is used in the form of rinses (more in the article:);
• the drug "Retragel" - is intended for gum retraction, but given its ability to stop bleeding, it can be used for this purpose (we recommend reading:);
• gels "Metrogil Denta", "Asepta" - metronidazole and chlorhexidine included in their composition have an antimicrobial effect, suppress anaerobic and aerobic bacteria, which most often cause inflammation of periodontal tissues;
• ointment "Solcoseryl" - promotes the healing of wounds and sores in the oral cavity, has a regenerating function;
• gel "Cholisal" - in addition to antimicrobial, it also has an analgesic effect;
• the drug "Kamistad" - in addition to anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial, has an anesthetic effect;
• ointment "Lincomycin" - contains in its composition a substance that actively fights gram-positive bacteria.

Resorptive drugs - these include antibiotics taken by the patient inside. They are prescribed by a doctor only in cases where local therapy has not brought results and the gums continue to bleed:

• drugs "Lincomycin", "Metronidazole" are not prescribed if they were used for local treatment and did not help get rid of the disease;
• an improved semi-synthetic analogue of "Lincomycin" - "Clindamycin", like its predecessor, has a rather narrow spectrum of action;
• tablets "Tarivid" - contraindicated in persons under 18 years of age, the active substance is not active against anaerobic bacteria;
• strong antibiotic "Nolitsin" is effective against most pathogenic microbes.

The selection of antibiotics is carried out by a doctor who first takes swabs from the patient's mouth and conducts a sensitivity analysis to antimicrobial components. In this case, the treatment will be most effective.

Folk remedies

Treatment of bleeding gums with folk remedies involves the use of various rinses and lotions. Basically, traditional medicine uses medicinal herbs, or other natural ingredients, without resorting to industrial chemistry. Here are the most simple, effective and safe recipes.

To rinse your mouth:

Lotions and compresses.

Bleeding gums can be periodic and appear only with mechanical irritation of the gums or bother for a long time. Poor and irregular oral hygiene is the most common factor that leads to the appearance of pathological conditions accompanied by bleeding gums. Delayed diagnosis of the causes of bleeding gums can result in loss of teeth or damage to the jaw bones.

Anatomy of the tooth and gums

Depending on the form and functions that they perform, the following groups of teeth are distinguished:

• incisors;
• fangs;
• premolars ( small molars);
• molars ( large molars).

The relationship of the teeth with a complete closure of the jaw is called a bite. Distinguish between temporary and permanent bite. Temporary bite is represented by 20 milk teeth. It is replaced by a permanent bite, which is represented by 32 teeth. An adult has 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars and 3 molars in each half of each jaw. Changing teeth occurs once in a lifetime. Milk teeth begin to erupt at 5-7 months of age. At the age of 5-7 years, milk teeth fall out, gradually being replaced by permanent ones.

Each tooth is divided into the following sections:

• Crown of the tooth is the thickened part of the tooth that protrudes into the oral cavity.
• Tooth root is the part of the tooth located in the jaw alveolus ( recess in which the tooth is located).
• neck of the tooth- this is the place of transition of the crown to the root. In the cervical region, a circular ligament of the tooth is attached, which goes to the necks of adjacent teeth, gums and alveoli.

The basis of the tooth is dentin. Its structure is similar to that of bones. Outside, in the region of the crown of the tooth, the dentin is covered with enamel, and in the region of the root, it is covered with cementum. Enamel is considered the hardest tissue in the human body. The basis of tooth enamel is calcium and phosphorus. The condition of the enamel is determined by the ratio of these elements. Enamel protects the pulp and dentin from external irritants. Cement consists of collagen fibers and a base substance impregnated with calcium salts.

Periodontium is located between the bone alveolus and cementum. Periodontium performs trophic, supporting-retaining, plastic, protective functions. The alveolus, periodontium, and gums that surround the teeth are called the periodontium.

The functions of the periodontium are:

• barrier function is to protect against the action of external and internal stimuli.
• Trophic function provided by a well-developed network of blood and lymphatic vessels, nerve endings.
• shock absorbing function is to protect tissues from injury.
• plastic function consists in the regeneration of periodontal tissues with pathological changes.

There are the following parts of the gum:

• Free ( interdental) gum The part of the gum that is located between two adjacent teeth. Part of the free gum is the interdental papilla, which has the shape of a triangle with the apex facing the cutting surfaces of the teeth.
• Attached gum. This is the part of the gum that covers the alveolar processes of the jaws. It is tightly fused with the periosteum and is inactive due to the absence of a submucosal layer.
• Marginal part of the gum (marginal gingiva) - this is the part of the gum that is adjacent to the neck of the tooth, circular fibers are woven into it ( circular) ligaments of the tooth.

The blood supply to the teeth and gums is carried out by the branches of the maxillary artery. The blood supply to the maxilla is provided by the superior alveolar arteries, and the blood supply to the mandible is provided by the inferior alveolar arteries. The outflow of blood is carried out by the veins of the same name, which accompany the arteries. The innervation of the teeth and gums is carried out by the branches of the trigeminal nerve.

Why does blood appear when brushing teeth?

Poor oral hygiene contributes to the appearance of blood when brushing your teeth. This is due to the activity of microorganisms in plaque, which accumulates in the form of a film on the surface of the teeth. Initially, soft dental deposits are formed, which can be removed with a toothbrush and dental floss. Further, the lack of proper hygiene leads to the hardening of plaque, which serves as the basis for the formation of tartar. Tartar, in turn, is an irritant to the gum tissue and contributes to its inflammation, which, when brushed, is manifested by bleeding.

Improper brushing of teeth causes mechanical injury to the gums, as a result of which they bleed. Often, the gums bleed due to errors in choosing a toothbrush. In the presence of periodontal disease, it should not be rigid, as this serves as an additional traumatic factor. It is recommended to use one toothbrush for 1-2 months, after which it is necessary to replace it with a new one. Also, this symptom may appear due to careless and sudden movements when brushing your teeth. Often gums bleed when brushing teeth with floss ( dental floss). It should be noted that dental floss is an indispensable tool for cleaning interdental spaces, and bleeding occurs only as a result of improper use of the floss and damage to the gums during brushing.

Also, when brushing your teeth, the gums can bleed due to the presence of diseases of the oral cavity. Such diseases can be gingivitis ( gum disease), periodontitis ( periodontal inflammation), periodontal disease ( systemic periodontal disease). In this case, bleeding does not go away until the disease that caused it is treated. The mechanism of bleeding in this case is the increased permeability of the capillaries of the gums, the fragility and fragility of the walls of blood vessels, for which brushing the teeth is a traumatic factor.

As a rule, if the gums rarely bleed when brushing your teeth, then this is most likely due to neglect of the rules of oral hygiene and injury to the gums as a result of improper brushing of the teeth. If this symptom is persistent, you should consult a doctor to find out the cause of bleeding and treatment.

Causes of bleeding in the gums

Causes of bleeding in the gums

Bleeding gums in various pathologies

Gingivitis as a cause of bleeding gums

Gingivitis is common in people with orthodontic braces ( braces), because they ( especially with poor oral hygiene) serve as a site for the accumulation of plaque.

The intensity of lesions in gingivitis varies depending on the severity of the disease. With mild gingivitis, damage to the gingival papillae occurs, with moderate gingivitis, damage to the marginal gums joins the inflammation of the papillae. The defeat of the entire gum is characteristic of severe gingivitis.

The diagnosis of gingivitis is established on the basis of patient complaints and examination of the oral cavity using dental instruments. The main complaints of patients with gingivitis are bleeding and soreness of the gums, bad breath. With various forms of gingivitis, additional symptoms may appear.

Gingivitis can occur in several forms:

• catarrhal;
• hypertrophic;
• ulcerative necrotic;
• desquamative.

Catarrhal gingivitis
Catarrhal gingivitis is the most common form of gum disease. Catarrhal gingivitis usually has a chronic course with periodic exacerbations. Patients, as a rule, go to the doctor with an exacerbation of the pathological process, complaining of severe bleeding of the gums when brushing their teeth and eating, increased sensitivity of the gums, and bad breath.

On examination, the following symptoms of catarrhal gingivitis are revealed:

• swelling of the gums;
• hyperemia ( redness) gums;
• modified gingival contour;
• bleeding;
• positive Schiller-Pisarev test ( lubrication of the gums with Schiller-Pisarev solution, after which the gum acquires an intense color in the presence of chronic inflammation);
• absence of a periodontal pocket unlike periodontitis.);
• the presence of soft and hard dental deposits.

The edematous form of hypertrophic gingivitis is manifested by an increase in the volume of the gums and bleeding gums. Moreover, bleeding can occur both when brushing your teeth and eating, and when you touch the gums. The gums become glossy with a bluish tint. In addition to bleeding, swelling of the gingival papillae and soreness are characteristic. Patients complain of aesthetic disorders. The formation of false ( gingival) pockets ( formation of space between the tooth and the gum without loss of the periodontal connection).

In the fibrous form of hypertrophic gingivitis, keratinization of the gingival epithelium occurs, proliferation ( overgrowth) connective tissue. Bleeding with this form of gingivitis is very rare. The main complaints are gingival deformity and aesthetic defect associated with gingival growth. On examination, subgingival deposits, gingival pockets are revealed.

Ulcerative necrotizing gingivitis
Ulcerative necrotic gingivitis is usually characterized by an acute course. The first symptoms of this disease are soreness and bleeding of the gums. Eating is usually difficult. In addition to local symptoms, ulcerative gingivitis is characterized by a deterioration in the patient's general condition with fever, weakness, and malaise. On examination, a gray-necrotic plaque is detected on the gingival margin, necrotic interdental papillae. An attempt to remove plaque is accompanied by severe pain and bleeding.

Characteristic changes occur in the blood - an increase or decrease in the level of leukocytes ( white blood cells), increased ESR ( sedimentation rate of erythrocytes) . On the radiograph, characteristic changes are not detected.

Ulcerative necrotic gingivitis often appears in diseases such as leukemia, agranulocytosis ( a disease of the hematopoietic system, which is characterized by a sharp decrease in the level of leukocytes), therefore, it is necessary to conduct a differential diagnosis to exclude these diseases. For this, a detailed clinical blood test and instrumental studies are prescribed.

Desquamative gingivitis
Desquamative gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums accompanied by desquamation ( flaking) epithelium and intense hyperemia ( redness) gums. The causes of desquamative gingivitis may be metabolic disorders ( metabolism in the body), infectious diseases, hormonal imbalance, allergic reaction.

At the first stage of this disease, patients rarely go to the doctor, since there is no bleeding and soreness of the gums, only a slight reddening of the gums is noted. With the progression of the disease, brushing the teeth becomes painful and is accompanied by bleeding, patients complain of a “burn” sensation in the gums. The mucous membrane of the gums becomes bright red, palpation ( feeling a) gums is very painful. The epithelium of the gums exfoliates in layers, accompanied by bleeding. This disease is characterized by a deterioration in the general condition of the patient.

Periodontal disease as a cause of bleeding gums

The first stage of periodontal disease is characterized by a poor clinical picture. Patients complain of increased sensitivity in the neck of the teeth, itching and discomfort in the gums. The gum is smoothed, in the area of ​​the affected teeth, a roller-like thickening of the gums can be noted. Good fixation of the teeth is maintained, dental deposits are present in small quantities. Mild periodontal disease is characterized by gingival recession ( reduction of gums in volume, accompanied by exposure of the necks and roots of the teeth) up to 3 mm.

With moderate and severe periodontal disease, gum recession of more than 5 mm is noted. Patients complain of an aesthetic defect, hypersensitivity, itching. With significant exposure of the necks and roots and teeth, the fixation of the teeth is disturbed, which can lead to tooth loss.

The exposure of the necks and roots of the teeth is pathognomonic ( characteristic of a particular disease) is a sign of periodontal disease. On this basis, and by reducing the height of the interdental septum, the severity of the disease is determined.

Severity of periodontal disease

The diagnosis of periodontal disease is established on the basis of data from the clinical examination of the patient and is confirmed by the results of radiography and orthopantomography ( panoramic tomography), which reveals sclerotic changes in bone tissue ( connective tissue replacement), reducing the height of the interdental septa. In case of periodontal disease complicated by inflammation, it is important to conduct a differential diagnosis with periodontitis.

Periodontitis as a cause of bleeding gums

Periodontal inflammation can be localized or generalized. Localized periodontitis is caused by local causes ( improper installation of prostheses, ingress of filling material into the interdental space) and is limited to the region of one or more teeth. With generalized periodontitis, the entire dentition is affected.

A characteristic feature of periodontitis is the presence of periodontal pockets. The depth of periodontal pockets varies depending on the severity of periodontitis. With mild periodontitis, the depth of periodontal pockets does not exceed 4 mm, with moderate periodontitis - up to 5 mm. Severe periodontitis is characterized by pockets with a depth of more than 6 mm, with purulent contents. The depth of the periodontal pocket is measured using a special probe, which is graduated. The probe is inserted between the tooth and the gum until it stops at the deepest point, after which the depth of the periodontal pocket is recorded in millimeters.

With an exacerbation of the pathological process, there is a deterioration in the general condition of the patient, severe pain in the gums and bleeding, pus is released from the periodontal pockets. The gums become hypertrophied and edematous, pathological tooth mobility of varying degrees appears. Pressing on the gum causes pain.

A separate form of periodontitis is considered to be prosthetic periodontitis, which occurs due to the traumatic effect of prostheses on periodontal tissue. As a rule, such a pathological condition is associated with poor-quality prosthetics. Prosthetic periodontitis is characterized by limited tissue damage in the area of ​​their contact with the prosthesis. When examining the microflora of the dentogingival sulcus, it is revealed that the total number of microbes is higher in the area of ​​the teeth in contact with the prosthesis, and anaerobic microorganisms are predominantly detected ( microorganisms that can thrive in an environment without free oxygen), which are most often responsible for the occurrence of periodontitis.

Pathological changes are detected by X-ray examination. The contours of the bone tissue of the alveolar processes of the jaws are indistinct, there are foci of bone tissue destruction, bone resorption. The structure of bone tissue changes only in the affected areas.

A microbiological examination of the contents of periodontal pockets can also be carried out to detect pathogenic microorganisms and determine their sensitivity to antibiotics, which is of great importance for the effectiveness of treatment.

Mechanical damage as a cause of bleeding gums

The most common causes of mechanical damage to the gums are:

• Poor cavity hygiene of the mouth entails the accumulation of dental deposits, which are initially soft ( plaque) and can be removed with a toothbrush. Then there is calcification and compaction of dental deposits, resulting in the formation of tartar, which is a mechanical traumatic factor for the gums. Poor oral hygiene refers to irregular and poor-quality brushing of teeth.
• Injury to the gums with dental instruments occurs infrequently and is the result of accidental injury.
• Poorly fitted dentures is a problem that occurs quite often. In this case, an occlusion violation occurs ( relationship between the teeth of the upper and lower jaws), that is, the dentition or individual teeth do not completely close. This, in turn, leads to excessive stress on the teeth and damage to the periodontium. Also, too tight fit of the prosthesis to the gum or, conversely, the formation of a gap between the prosthesis and the gum, leads to complications when installing dentures. In the first case, the prosthesis mechanically irritates the gums and leads to inflammation. In the second case, food debris or plaque and calculus accumulate in the gap. An error in prosthetics can occur at the stage of making a prosthesis or during its installation.
• Intake of solid food, especially in people with inflamed gums, sometimes accompanied by mechanical damage to the gums.
• Injury from foreign bodies, which may accidentally enter the sulcus or gum tissue ( toothpaste bristles, bones).

The characteristic signs of mechanical damage to the gums are:

• bleeding, which, as a rule, does not disappear until the traumatic factor is eliminated;
• pain in the gums;
• defect in the gum;
• swelling of the gums at the site of injury;
• gum hyperemia;
• ulceration of the mucous membrane at the site of injury.

Treatment of pathologies that cause bleeding gums

Which doctor should I contact with bleeding gums?

When bleeding gums appear, you can contact the following specialists:

• Dentist is a doctor who deals with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases of the oral cavity.
• Periodontist deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the tissues surrounding the teeth.
• Dental hygienist examines the oral cavity and conducts professional oral hygiene, that is, the removal of soft and hard dental deposits. The dental hygienist also corrects the patient's hygiene skills, that is, teaches the patient proper oral hygiene. It is recommended to visit this specialist every six months.
• Orthodontist carries out diagnostics, treatment and prevention of dental anomalies, correction of the dentition.
• Orthopedist carries out implantation and prosthetics of teeth, correction of prosthetics in case of improper manufacture or installation of prostheses.

Tactics for the treatment of pathologies that cause bleeding gums

Therapeutic tactics has its own characteristics in the treatment of the following pathologies:

• gingivitis;
• periodontal disease;
• periodontitis;
• mechanical damage to the gums.

Tactics for the treatment of gingivitis
The first link in the treatment of gingivitis is to eliminate the causes of the disease. To do this, sanitation of the oral cavity, elimination of traumatic factors, removal of dental deposits is carried out. Removal of dental deposits is carried out using special tools ( curettes, excavators, ultrasonic equipment). After sanitation of the oral cavity, conservative treatment is started. If indicated, surgical treatment is performed.

The main methods used in the treatment of gingivitis are:

• Antibacterial therapy. As a rule, broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed. Before prescribing antibacterial drugs, it is advisable to determine the sensitivity of pathogenic microorganisms to antibiotics. Antibacterial drugs can be prescribed for oral administration in the form of tablets, injections into the gums, applications ( applying drugs to a gauze bandage, followed by application to the gums).
• . The most common drugs are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which have an analgesic effect, relieve inflammation. After a full course of anti-inflammatory treatment, bleeding disappears. In the edematous form of gingivitis, steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may also be prescribed ( hydrocortisone) for local treatment.
• Physiotherapy methods play an important role in the treatment of gingivitis. Gum massage is very effective, which stimulates microcirculation and accelerates the regeneration of gum tissues, improves the hygienic condition of the oral cavity. Physiotherapy is prescribed only after the implementation of professional oral hygiene.
• Surgery gingivitis is carried out with the ineffectiveness of conservative methods of treatment. Surgical treatment is carried out after preliminary sanitation of the oral cavity. For hypertrophied gingivitis, gingivectomy is performed ( excision of the inflamed gingiva). With ulcerative necrotic gingivitis, after anesthesia of the affected area, necrotic tissues are removed. Removal of necrotic tissue requires care to avoid damage to underlying healthy tissue.
• Antiseptics. As antiseptics, chlorhexidine, metronidazole, furatsilin, phytopreparations ( chamomile tea, green tea). Antiseptics have a local antibacterial effect.
• Keratoplastic preparations. Keratoplastic drugs help accelerate the regeneration of gum tissue. These include actovegin, solcoseryl, vitamin A, vitamin E. These drugs are used in the form of applications.
• vitamin therapy. Vitamin C, B vitamins, rutin are prescribed, which help strengthen the walls of blood vessels, improve microcirculation, and accelerate regeneration. Vitamins may be given by mouth or administered by electrophoresis.
• Sclerotherapy involves the introduction into the gums of drugs that contribute to the replacement of sections of gum tissue with connective tissue. This method is used in the fibrous form of hypertrophic gingivitis. Sclerosing agents are administered under anesthesia. The course of treatment includes an average of 4 - 8 injections. As sclerosing agents, a hypertonic solution of calcium chloride, glucose, calcium gluconate, and ethyl alcohol is introduced.

Tactics for the treatment of periodontal disease
The goal of periodontal disease treatment is to improve blood circulation and regeneration processes in periodontal tissues. The first step in the treatment of periodontal disease is professional hygiene and sanitation of the oral cavity.

The main methods of treatment of periodontal disease are:

• Orthopedic treatment includes splinting and prosthetics. Splinting refers to the combination of several teeth with a splint into one block. Splinting can be temporary and permanent, it is carried out when the mobility of the teeth appears. Quality orthopedic treatment plays a key role in the treatment of periodontal disease.
• Physiotherapy methods are prescribed to improve microcirculation, improve the trophism of periodontal tissues, restore the elasticity of the vascular wall. Massage has a good effect on periodontal disease ( vacuum massage, finger massage, vibration massage), electrophoresis with calcium and fluorine preparations, laser therapy, local magnetotherapy.
• vitamin therapy provides for the appointment of vitamins of group B, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin K. The purpose of vitamin therapy is to normalize the metabolism and permeability of the vascular wall, improve microcirculation.
• Surgery. Surgical treatment for periodontitis is prescribed based on the severity of pathological changes in the periodontium. The most commonly prescribed gingivoplasty ( gingival contour correction).
• Medical treatment. Drugs are prescribed that help improve blood circulation, accelerate the process of tissue regeneration. These drugs include trental, insadol.

Tactics for the treatment of periodontitis
Treatment of periodontitis should be comprehensive. If the development of periodontitis is associated with systemic pathology, then in parallel with the treatment of periodontitis, its treatment is carried out.

In the treatment of periodontitis, both local and general treatment are used, using conservative and surgical methods of treatment. The first step in the treatment of periodontitis is the rehabilitation of the oral cavity.

Medicines used in the treatment of periodontitis

Surgical treatments for periodontitis include:

• curettage, which involves scraping the contents of the periodontal pocket, removing pathological granulation tissue and processing the roots of the teeth. Curettage is carried out at a depth of periodontal pockets of no more than 4-5 mm, since at such a depth it is possible to visually control the course of manipulation.
• Gingivectomy may be total or partial. More often, partial gingivectomy is performed, which involves excision of the gums in the area of ​​the periodontal pocket and its further processing. Gingivectomy is performed in the presence of periodontal pockets and gingival hypertrophy. The gum is excised to a depth of 3 mm, then the remaining part of the pocket is treated with curettage.
• Gingivotomy provides for the dissection of the gums, after which an open curettage is performed. After curettage, osteostimulating ( stimulating tissue repair) drugs. Gingivotomy is performed in the presence of single and narrow periodontal pockets.
• Flap operations. Flap operations are indicated for moderate and severe periodontitis. The purpose of patchwork operations is to eliminate the periodontal pocket, restore the connective tissue connection and resume bone growth. As a result of this operation, periodontal pockets are eliminated, and a tight fit of the epithelium to the neck of the teeth is ensured.
• Gingivoosteoplasty (restoration of gum tissue and bone tissue) is carried out with generalized periodontitis with a depth of periodontal pockets of 4–8 mm. This type of intervention is highly effective. After anesthesia, vertical incisions are made to the depth of the bone pockets. Next, subgingival dental deposits and granulation tissue are removed, after which gingivoosteoplasty is performed directly. Gingivoosteoplasty is performed using lyophilized ( dried) bone meal, which is injected into the bone pockets after they have been processed. Colapol can also be used, which is injected into the pockets, after which they are filled with an osteostimulating material.

The most common physiotherapeutic methods used in the treatment of periodontitis are:

• electrophoresis- This is a therapeutic method designed to introduce drugs into the body using a weak electric current. In dental practice, electrophoresis with vitamins and medicinal substances is used ( calcium, fluorine). The main advantage of this method is that the necessary drugs are injected directly into the affected area.
• laser therapy. The use of laser radiation allows you to slow down the inflammatory process, accelerate the regeneration processes and anesthetize the affected areas. Often, laser therapy is prescribed after surgical interventions.
• Ozone therapy. With the help of ozone therapy, the destruction of most pathogenic microorganisms is possible. Also, the action of ozone stimulates tissue regeneration and normalization of blood circulation.
• Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a method that is based on the use of oxygen under high pressure for therapeutic purposes. This method allows you to accelerate the processes of tissue regeneration, increases the effectiveness of other methods of treatment.
• Ultrasound Therapy. With the help of ultrasonic waves, anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs can be administered. Ultrasound helps to reduce inflammation, improve blood circulation.
• Massage (hydromassage, vacuum massage, finger massage). Gum massage helps to accelerate metabolic processes in tissues, reduce swelling, strengthen gum tissue, and relieve pain. Systematically performed gum massage can be used as a means of preventing periodontal disease. It is recommended to do both finger massage of the gums when brushing your teeth with the help of therapeutic and prophylactic toothpastes, and massage with the help of special devices.

Tactics of treatment of mechanical damage to the gums
The choice of treatment tactics for mechanical damage to the gums depends on the type, cause, and mechanism of damage. The goal of the treatment of mechanical damage to the gums is to eliminate the effect of the traumatic factor, fight inflammation, and stimulate the regeneration of damaged tissues. It is also important to prevent complications.

Treatment of mechanical damage to the gums is carried out using the following methods:

• Treatment of the damaged area carried out with the help of antiseptics. Rinses with antiseptic solutions are also prescribed.
• Orthopedic treatment performed when the etiological factor is poor-quality dental prosthetics. In this case, repeated prosthetics are performed.
• Anti-inflammatory therapy is also of great importance, since mechanical damage is accompanied by an inflammatory lesion of the periodontium. Anti-inflammatory drugs can be administered orally or topically in the form of applications. The most commonly prescribed drugs are indomethacin, paracetamol, ketorolac.
• Antibacterial therapy can be prescribed for the prevention of purulent complications. As a rule, broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed ( ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, penicillin, aztreonam).
• Surgery can be carried out to eliminate periodontal overload in case of dentoalveolar anomalies. In case of deep traumatic injuries, excision of necrotic tissues is performed, sutures are applied.
• Keratoplastic drugs (vitamin A, vitamin E, sea buckthorn oil) are prescribed to accelerate the regeneration processes in damaged areas of the gums.

In the future, patients should strictly observe oral hygiene in order to prevent complications and increase the effectiveness of the treatment. The key point in the treatment of mechanical damage to the gums is to eliminate the effect of the mechanical factor on the gums. This is necessary to prevent an increase in the intensity, depth and volume of damage, as well as possible complications.

Terms of treatment and prognosis of diseases accompanied by bleeding gums

The prognosis and timing of the treatment of the causes of bleeding gums depend on the following factors:

• the severity of the disease;
• disease phase ( exacerbation, remission);
• the presence of complications;
• general condition of the patient;
• state of reactivity of the organism;
• following the doctor's recommendations;
• timely visit to the doctor;
• patient's age;
• damage volume ( localized or generalized lesion).

It is difficult to determine the period of cure for periodontal disease, since a complete cure is often not possible. With periodontal disease, treatment is considered effective if it was possible to stop the neurodystrophic process and tissue destruction.

With timely initiation of treatment, the prognosis for periodontitis is favorable. With generalized periodontitis, the healing time is longer. If the etiological factor is not eliminated, the prognosis is not favorable, as this leads to a chronic disease with frequent exacerbations.

The prognosis and terms of treatment of mechanical damage to the gums depend on the intensity of the damage. When the traumatic factor is eliminated and symptomatic therapy is carried out, a complete cure can occur. With the complete and timely elimination of the traumatic factor, the prognosis is favorable.

Prevention of pathologies that cause bleeding gums

Measures to prevent pathologies that cause bleeding gums are:

• preventive visit to the dentist;
• compliance with oral hygiene;
• use of dental floss;
• periodic replacement of the toothbrush;
• brushing your teeth at least twice a day;
• use of therapeutic and prophylactic toothpastes.

Why does a child's gum bleed?

Common causes of bleeding gums in children are:

• Juvenile ( youthful) gingivitis. Juvenile gingivitis usually appears in adolescents. This disease is manifested by hypertrophy of the gum tissue and bleeding. Most often, juvenile gingivitis affects the marginal gingiva in the region of the anterior teeth, affecting the vestibular surface ( the surface of the teeth in contact with the lips and cheeks).
• Hypovitaminosis. Hypovitaminosis is especially dangerous for the child's body, since this pathological condition can lead to disruption of the processes of growth and development of the body, metabolic disorders. Bleeding gums are caused by a lack of vitamin C and vitamin K.
• Leukemia. With leukemia, the hematopoietic system is damaged, expressed by uncontrolled production of leukocytes. Pathological changes in the gums with leukemia are called leukemic gingivitis. With this pathology, the gums are hypertrophied, acquire a bluish or purple hue, become loose, ulcerated, bleed when touched or spontaneously.
• Coagulation disorder. In case of clotting disorder, which, as a rule, is a genetic disease, even the slightest mechanical damage to the gum tissue is accompanied by bleeding, which is profuse and does not stop for a long time.
• Teething. Teething in children is a painful process that can disrupt the general condition of the child. Bleeding during eruption appears due to the fact that the erupting tooth violates the integrity of the gums, which leads to its “rupture” in this place. Pain, swelling, redness of the gums, increased salivation and deterioration in general condition may appear long before the eruption. During teething, maintaining oral hygiene is very important and helps to prevent complications ( development of the inflammatory process).
• Poor oral hygiene. This reason is one of the main in the etiology of bleeding gums in children. Often this happens when children neglect the rules of oral hygiene, being unaware of its importance and the possible consequences of poor hygiene.
• Mechanical damage to the gums. This problem is especially common in young children who put foreign bodies in their mouths that injure the oral mucosa and create favorable conditions for the development and reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms.

To eliminate bleeding gums in children, it is recommended:

• follow the rules of oral hygiene;
• regularly visit the dentist semiannually);
• eat rationally;
• limit the use of sweets.

Why does the gum bleed during pregnancy?

To strengthen the gum tissue, it is recommended to massage the gums with your fingers or a toothbrush. It is also recommended to use rinsing solutions. An infusion of chamomile or sage helps to relieve bleeding, having a calming and antiseptic effect.

Be aware that gum and dental disease can increase the risk of preterm birth. In this regard, pregnant women are advised to visit the dentist regularly ( every two months) for professional oral hygiene. When choosing toothbrushes, it is recommended to opt for soft brushes in order to avoid mechanical injury to the gums.

The main thing is to visit a doctor with gingivitis of pregnant women and observe oral hygiene. It helps in the treatment and prevention of complications. After childbirth, as a rule, inflammatory changes, accompanied by bleeding, disappear.

What to do at home with bleeding gums?

Folk remedies used for bleeding gums at home are:

• Plantain infusion. Crushed plantain leaves ( 2 - 3 tablespoons) pour a glass of warm boiled water. The resulting composition must be filtered and cooled to room temperature. It is recommended to rinse the mouth with plantain infusion 2-3 times a day.
• Infusion of mountain arnica. A tablespoon of dried arnica flowers is poured with a glass of boiling water, covered with a lid and infused for 30-45 minutes. The infusion must be filtered through a cotton cloth and rinsed in the mouth 3-4 times a day.
• Infusion of primrose officinalis. A tablespoon of dry leaves of primrose officinalis is poured with a glass of boiling water, left under the lid for 30 minutes. The resulting infusion must be filtered. It is recommended to take 3 tbsp. spoons of infusion inside 2 - 3 times a day.
• Infusion of oak bark. To prepare this infusion, pour 2 tablespoons of crushed oak bark with a glass of hot water, cover and leave for 30 minutes. The resulting infusion must be filtered through a cotton cloth and rinsed with it in the mouth 2-3 times a day.
• Aloe leaf uses. Half of the cut leaf of aloe is applied to the affected gums several times a day. You can also use freshly squeezed aloe juice diluted in water to rinse your mouth.
• Rinse solution with salt and soda. To prepare the solution, add a teaspoon of salt and a teaspoon of baking soda to a glass of warm water, and then mix well.
• Camomile tea. To prepare the infusion, it is necessary to pour boiling water over chamomile flowers, leave for 1 hour, strain, after which you can rinse your mouth with infusion.

Why does the gum bleed after tooth extraction?

The most common causes of gum bleeding after tooth extraction are:

• deep rupture of blood vessels;
• removal of a blood clot formed from the hole of the extracted tooth;
• development of the inflammatory process;
• increased blood pressure;
• vasodilation as a side effect of adrenaline.

Bleeding is stopped by tamponade of the hole with iodoform gauze turunda ( gauze swab), which close the hole after tooth extraction. If the bleeding is caused by tissue rupture, the edges of the gums are stitched together. Often, a hemostatic sponge is introduced into the well, which leads to the fact that the lumen of the bleeding vessels closes and a clot forms.

If the gum bleeds for a long time, you should immediately consult a doctor to identify the causes of its occurrence. Prolonged bleeding can create favorable conditions for the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms.

This problem is faced by a huge number of people. There may be several reasons, so if the gums bleed, only the dentist can tell what to do after the examination. The symptom in question is often manifested in serious diseases of the oral cavity: periodontitis, periodontal disease or gingivitis.

This can be caused by many reasons, some of which are worth paying special attention to:

1. Mouth injury. Soft tissues are disturbed when they become inflamed (gingivitis, periodontitis).
2. Infection of teeth and presenting elements. Failure to comply with proper hygiene becomes a factor in the development of various pathologies of the oral cavity.
3. Insufficient hygiene. Poor cleaning of the teeth leads to the formation of a stone - this is a prerequisite for the appearance of an inflammatory process and blood afterwards.
4. Excessive brushing of the teeth. Very often, blood appears due to mechanical damage. Daily trauma can develop into inflammatory tissue changes.
5. Carrying out dental procedures, including prosthetics. Bleeding gums becomes a kind of side effect of a certain stage of therapy. But over time, everything passes.
6. Hematological lesions, problems in the connective tissue. The gums bleed very strongly with leukemia, scurvy. Bleeding increases significantly with the use of certain drugs to thin the blood.
7. Often the gum bleeds between the teeth with beriberi. This is a chronic deficiency of vitamins responsible for the density of blood vessels. In this case, diet therapy is indicated.

Gingivitis Poor hygiene Aggressive brushing Prosthodontics Scurvy

The video tells about the causes and symptoms of bleeding gums:

Now you know the main reasons why a tooth bleeds. The causes differ from each other depending on the problem that provoked them. Here are three main oral diseases that need to be treated at the earliest stage: to avoid serious consequences:

1. Periodontal disease is the defeat of the entire periodontal tissue, called periodontium. With a disease without pronounced manifestations, the tissue becomes pale, sometimes it hurts. Plaque builds up on the teeth and tartar forms. This can cause toothache.
2. Periodontitis is an inflammatory lesion of periodontal elements. This is a common pathology that has pronounced symptoms. There is a very strong inflammation, destruction of the alveolar part of the jaw. Pathological pockets are rapidly developing, which become a source of purulent infection of the entire oral cavity. The disease is accompanied by significant purulent discharge, and cannot stop on its own.
3. Gingivitis is an inflammatory lesion of soft tissue, but without violating the integrity of the dentogingival junction itself. Similar causes of bleeding gums are complicated, turning into periodontitis. The lack of timely therapy only exacerbates the process. Therefore, in the presence of the above problem, an urgent consultation with a dentist is required.

Periodontitis Periodontitis Gingivitis

What is the danger

Inflammation and bleeding of the gums is manifested by the following symptoms:

• tissue hyperemia;
• frequent pain and increased bleeding;
• discomfort in the oral cavity, itching and significant soreness;
• discomfort during the closing of the jaws and biting on solid food;
• swelling appears;
• loosening of dental elements (the intensity of such loosening varies);
• bleeding gums sometimes cause the appearance of gingival marginal drooping (a significant defect occurs, which provokes the deepening of periodontal pockets).

If the gums bleed frequently, this is not a temporary discomfort. The phenomenon under consideration entails adverse consequences. The symptom indicates the following problems:

• susceptibility of gums to various diseases;
• development of a specific disease;
• systemic diseases.

If the gum bleeds constantly, an infection develops. This is the reason for the development of other diseases:

• lesions of the gastrointestinal tract;
• oncological diseases of the pancreas;
• predisposition to cardiac attacks and strokes;
• propensity to develop diabetes.

Gingivitis is the most common cause

Gingivitis is the main pathology of the oral cavity, provoking the sensitivity of soft tissues. The disease can go in the following forms:

1. Catarrhal form - accompanied by hyperemia. Teeth are affected, various deposits form on them. Hygiene procedures only exacerbate inflammation and bleeding of the tooth. In chronic lesions, intense hyperemia and desquamation of the epithelium are noted.
2. Hyperplastic gingivitis, which occurs against the background of endocrine disorders. Pathology is accompanied by an increase in the periodontal papillae, the appearance of pseudo-periodontal pockets.
3. - a frequent complication of the catarrhal form. Pathology is accompanied by itching, ulceration, swelling of the gums.

General clinical manifestations of pathology do not occur, but in some cases, against the background of the disease, fever may appear and digestion may be disturbed.

Dmitry Sidorov

Dentist-orthopedist

If left untreated, gingivitis turns into periodontitis, with all the ensuing consequences. Therefore, it is important to go for an examination to the dentist, who will clean the teeth from plaque and prescribe a course of treatment.

The video shows the development of gingivitis and the tactics of its treatment:

General approaches to treatment

A special algorithm of the main actions has long been developed, which shows what to do if the gums bleed:

1. Consultation with a dentist.
2. When wearing braces, undergo regular check-ups by the orthodontist and brush your teeth properly.
3. Rinse your mouth with salt and/or soda after eating.
4. It is possible to treat teeth with hydrogen peroxide.
5. If the teeth are bleeding, it is forbidden to use alcohol-containing mouthwashes (such solutions often become a catalyst for many problems).
6. If the gums begin to bleed, you need to apply a gauze pad soaked in cold water or apply an ice cube to the affected area. After starting home treatment, professional help is still required.
7. It is necessary to review your diet, lifestyle in order to identify the causes of the problem and successfully eliminate them.
8. Particular attention should be paid to the hormonal causes of bleeding and children who erupt milk or molars.

To avoid bleeding gums, it is important for people with braces to properly clean the structure.

Dmitry Sidorov

Dentist-orthopedist

Only a specialist will be able to determine the true reasons why the gums bleed and what to do about it. Usually, patient complaints and a dental examination are enough to make a definitive diagnosis.

What to do if the gums bleed very much? In more severe cases, additional examination methods may be prescribed. Based on the results obtained, adequate treatment is prescribed. But first they stop the blood with the help of antiseptics.

As a complex therapy, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agents are used, which are selected taking into account existing indications and contraindications. With bleeding gums, treatment includes the use of lotions, rinses, and medicated toothpastes.

Impact of smoking and pregnancy

Tobacco smoking adversely affects oral health. The dark shade of the teeth, strong plaque and calculus are striking. Smokers have problems with fresh breath. The most dangerous ingredient in cigarettes is nicotine. It weakens the condition of the soft tissues, spreads the infection through the oral cavity. Under the influence of cigarettes, the body loses its defenses. Nicotine is the main reason why soft tissues swell.

Therefore, heavy smokers need to visit the dentist at least 4 times a year. After eating, rinses should be used, and after each smoked cigarette, the cavity should be treated with a refreshing and cleansing agent.

If the patient started treatment for bleeding gums with sprays, they may additionally prescribe sugar-free lozenges or lotions. These remedies are effective for mild symptoms.

How to treat bleeding gums, which is accompanied by additional symptoms? The choice of drugs should be carried out only by a specialist, taking into account the patient's complaints. Therefore, we cannot present them here.

When there is blood from the gums in pregnant women, there is a hormonal restructuring of the body, which is accompanied by a calcium deficiency. Expectant mothers may complain of loosening of teeth. During this period, the gums hurt and bleed, but such symptoms are temporary. After childbirth, the problem disappears. If this does not happen, it is recommended to visit a dentist. In pregnant women, the treatment of bleeding gums includes the use of products that are safe for the fetus.

Dmitry Sidorov

Dentist-orthopedist

First of all, it is important to relieve inflammation and neutralize the signs of plaque. It is necessary to start treating bleeding gums at an early stage. Any slowdown can provoke the appearance of complex forms of gingivitis or periodontitis.

Bleeding in children

In children, swelling in the gums, which is accompanied by bleeding, may be associated with the following conditions:

• teething, resulting in increased pressure on the teeth;
• deficiency of vitamins and nutrients in the child's body;
• weakened immunity, a drop in the body's defenses;
• poor quality or inadequate;
• excessive accumulation of plaque and pathogenic flora.

How to stop bleeding from a tooth in a child? The general features of therapy do not differ from the adult treatment regimen. The only difference is the range of drugs used and their dosage.

There are various drugs for increased bleeding - these are antiseptics, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory drugs that are soothing and promote healing of the mucosa. The above drugs are available in the form of rinse solutions. If the gum tissue is inflamed, some pharmaceutical products are used (Givalex, Angilex). Before using the product, it is important to read its contraindications and instructions for use.

Treatment with folk remedies

There are a huge number of folk remedies that quickly help stop bleeding gums. Many of them are used if the gums hurt, others - if they bleed and become inflamed:

1. Decoction of oak bark. The bark is poured with boiling water, brought to a boil, cooled. The solution is used for rinsing for several weeks. It is used if the gums are bleeding. The solution has excellent astringent and firming properties.
2. A decoction of sage. Grass is poured with boiling water and boiled.
3. Camomile tea. The flowers are poured with boiling water, insisted in a warm place. Used as a rinse after brushing your teeth. The recipe helps if teeth begin to bleed.
4. Rosehip tincture. Petals are poured with alcohol, insisted in a dark place for 10 days. The tincture is added to purified water and used for rinsing the mouth.

Oak bark for decoction Sage decoction Chamomile infusion Rosehip infusion

Dmitry Sidorov

Dentist-orthopedist

Often the problem appears with frequent mechanical damage to the gums with a toothbrush. This happens with improperly selected brushes with hard bristles, which constantly damage the mucous membrane. Bleeding stops when the brush is replaced with a softer one. For normal teeth, it is recommended to buy a brush with medium hard bristles.

If you periodically bleed while brushing your teeth, you need to change the toothpaste to a medicinal one with propolis and use a brush with soft bristles. It is also important to brush your teeth properly.

With periodontitis and excessive bleeding, gentle methods of brushing your teeth should be used. But it is better to prevent such diseases and consult a dentist at the first sign of a problem.

The appearance of blood during cleaning of the teeth may be the first sign of an inflammatory process in the oral cavity, in particular, gingivitis or periodontitis. Therefore, the main focus in treatment should be the elimination of the underlying disease, which is diagnosed at the dentist's appointment. As a rule, after the examination, the doctor prescribes anti-inflammatory treatment, and can also remove tartar. Various pathogenic microorganisms accumulate in dental deposits, which create favorable conditions for the development of diseases of the mucous tissues.

• Removal of tartar is carried out by a dentist using a special ultrasonic device. The tip of the device tends to oscillate when it touches the surface of the deposits: ultrasonic vibrational waves destroy the bond between the stone and tooth enamel.
• Anti-inflammatory treatment is prescribed immediately after the tartar is removed. The standard course of therapy lasts about 10 days. It includes rinsing the mouth with a 0.05% Chlorhexidine solution, as well as applying Holisal-gel. The treatment looks something like this: after having breakfast and brushing his teeth, the patient rinses his mouth with Chlorhexidine, after which he applies the required amount of gel to the affected areas (according to the instructions for the drug). Eating is allowed only 2-3 hours after the procedure, not earlier.

Most patients treat bleeding gums at home - with mild to moderate damage, this is not difficult. In addition to the main therapy regimen, drugs such as immunostimulants (echinacea, eleutherococcus), multivitamins (Vitrum, Calcium D³, Alphabet, etc.), as well as various herbal remedies can be prescribed.

Treatment of severe bleeding gums may be accompanied by antibiotic therapy. For example, with periodontitis - an inflammatory process that is accompanied by a pronounced release of blood - the doctor may prescribe washing the periodontal "pockets" with antibiotic solutions, as well as laying various antibacterial ointments or gels in them. It is very difficult to carry out such treatment at home, so you will have to visit the dentist for some time.

In advanced cases, one has to resort to more complex procedures - splinting of teeth, curettage of periodontal "pockets".

Alternative treatment for bleeding gums

• We grate the horseradish root on a grater, squeeze out the juice, which we dilute with water and mix. Rinse the mouth with the resulting solution several times a day.
• Several times a day, rinse your mouth with 10-day yogurt. The result will be visible on the second day.
• We use herbs in the treatment of bleeding gums: we need celandine, calendula, yarrow, sage, nettle, chamomile. We prepare a mixture of equal parts of the listed herbs, then take 2 tbsp. l. of this mixture, pour 0.5 liters of hot water and leave for half an hour. Filtering out. The resulting infusion can not only rinse your mouth, but also take it inside, like tea.
• Prepare an infusion of chaga (birch fungus): 1 tsp. chagi and 1 tsp. chamomile color pour 0.5 liters of hot water. Cover with a lid and let it brew for about 3-4 hours. Filter, add 2 tbsp. l. salt and use for rinsing.
• We brew a cup of green tea with the addition of a few mint leaves, insist for half an hour. Rinse your mouth with this drink throughout the day.
• We prepare an infusion of oak bark (2 tablespoons per 250 ml of water). After half an hour, we filter and rinse the oral cavity at night. In general, oak bark with bleeding gums is a fairly budgetary and at the same time very effective remedy. Oak preparations have astringent and hemostatic properties, they strengthen the gums and eliminate all signs of an inflammatory reaction. Experts recommend using infusions and decoctions of the bark not only for treatment, but also for the prevention of diseases of the oral cavity.
• Three times a day, carefully chew on a plantain leaf. You can, of course, squeeze the juice from the leaves and rinse your mouth with it, but this process will be more laborious.

An infusion or decoction of bleeding gums can be used throughout the day and always at night. After rinsing, it is not recommended to drink and eat for 1.5 hours so that the medicine can work. To enhance the effect, you can use more than one plant, but a combination of them - that is, brew fees and mixtures of medicinal herbs.

Treatment of inflammation and bleeding gums

In dentistry, bleeding from the gum surfaces is not considered a disease, but only a symptom of some pathology of the oral cavity. Only a doctor can find the cause of this symptom. In most cases, bleeding disappears after the treatment of inflammatory processes in the mouth. For example, a common disease that is accompanied by the release of blood from the mucous gum tissues is gingivitis, which can occur in various forms:

• catarrhal gingivitis - often occurs when oral hygiene is not observed;
• ulcerative necrotic gingivitis - appears in the absence of treatment of ordinary (catarrhal) gingivitis;
• atrophic gingivitis - is the result of illiterate treatment of dental problems, or is the result of anomalies in the development of the oral mucosa;
• hypertrophic gingivitis - appears with significant hormonal changes in the body, or after a mechanical injury to the gums.

With any form of gingivitis, the doctor prescribes drugs to treat bleeding gums and relieve signs of inflammation. For example, some of the most effective drugs are presented in this list:

• Beplex is a multivitamin that improves metabolism and replenishes the deficiency of vital vitamins in the body. It is prescribed 1-2 ampoules per day.
• Vokara is a homeopathic preparation with antibacterial, antiseptic, immunostimulating and anti-inflammatory properties. Used 10 drops three times a day for a month.
• Polyminerol is an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug. Helps restore oral mucosa and reduce vascular permeability. It can be used for the treatment and prevention of gingivitis and periodontal disease. Polyminerol is used in the form of rinses, having previously dissolved it in water 1:5.
• Stomatidin is an external antiseptic drug known for its antimicrobial and analgesic effects. The drug is used, without diluting, 10-15 ml per rinse, up to 3 times a day.
• Hexoral Tabs is an antibacterial and analgesic drug in the form of sucking tablets. Usually take 1 tab. every 4 hours
• Maraslavin is a topically applied solution that has an antimicrobial, antiallergic, tannic, analgesic effect. Accelerates the recovery of the mucosa.
• Solcoseryl is a dental adhesive paste-like liniment that improves tissue repair, heals inflammatory elements and relieves pain. The paste is applied to the mucous membrane up to 5 times a day with a thin layer.
• Terasil is a local antiseptic preparation in the form of sucking tablets. It is taken 1 tab. every 3-4 hours.

Each of these drugs is effective in its own way, but only a doctor can prescribe them after examining the patient's oral cavity. A doctor's consultation is also necessary in order to accurately diagnose the problem that provoked the appearance of spotting.

Toothbrush for bleeding gums

A well-chosen toothbrush reduces the likelihood of diseases of the oral mucosa. Accessories for cleaning teeth can be purchased at any pharmacy or supermarket, knowing exactly what you need.

The ideal option for a brush is a medium-hard bristle (medium), a comfortable non-slip handle, synthetic bristles rounded at the ends. It is not recommended to use hard brushes - such options can easily damage sensitive mucous membranes and even tooth enamel.

With gingivitis or bleeding areas, you can temporarily switch to using a soft bristle brush (soft), for about 2 weeks, until the inflammatory process is eliminated. After that, you can return to your usual medium-hard brush.

The most popular are toothbrushes from well-known manufacturers such as Parodontax, Lacalute, Colgate.

Paste for bleeding gums

Paste for brushing teeth is selected depending on the cause of the discharge of blood from the mucous tissues. Ask your doctor: what exactly is missing from your gums? Each toothpaste contains the main active ingredients that determine its action, for example:

• chloride and nitrous potassium - are present in the preparations for hypersensitive teeth;
• pyrophosphate - a substance that is designed to cope with dental plaque;
• fluorine substances - reduces the likelihood of caries;
• sodium sulfate - anesthetizes tissues;
• calcium compounds - strengthen tooth enamel;
• plant extracts - mint, eucalyptus, oak bark, chamomile, sage - help fight inflammation;
• vitamin substances - strengthen gum tissue and help improve local metabolic processes.

What toothpastes do experts prefer? Read on in our article.

paradontax

According to many dentists, Parodontax paste can eliminate the release of blood from damaged gum tissue in just two weeks. However, if the patient suffers from tartar, then it should first be removed.

Parodontax paste contains many useful components. These are the leaves of sage, mint, echinacea, chamomile flowers, as well as myrrh and ratania. Thanks to this composition, the paste has an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect, it strengthens the periodontium, stops bleeding, refreshes, and destroys a possible fungal and viral infection.

Parodontax is not recommended for use in children under 12 years of age, due to the excessive activity of the components included in the paste.

It is recommended to brush your teeth with paste twice a day (at night and in the morning after meals), but no more than three times a day. Such a cleaning scheme is sufficient to eliminate plaque from the surface of the teeth, neutralize the effect of acidic compounds on the enamel and prevent the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms. Moreover, regular two-time brushing of the teeth will completely get rid of the inflammatory process and improve the condition of the mucous tissues.

forest balm

The components of the Forest Balsam toothpaste are, first of all, mineral salts. They help to increase local blood circulation and accelerate metabolic processes in tissues.

Forest balm is represented by several types of toothpastes, each of which has a unique composition and properties:

• paste with the addition of oak bark - partially eliminates dental deposits, significantly reduces the intensity of bleeding;
• paste with sage extract - known for its antimicrobial effect, heals small wounds and sores;
• paste with cedar oil - eliminates signs of the inflammatory process, softens the mucous membranes;
• paste with the addition of St. John's wort - helps strengthen tissues;
• paste with propolis extract - soothes irritated mucous membranes, relieves pain;
• paste with a complex of herbs, such as chamomile, nettle, St. John's wort, yarrow and celandine - is intended for the combined prevention of diseases of the oral cavity.

With increased bleeding during brushing, it is recommended to use a paste with the addition of oak bark, in the morning and in the evening. Treatment can be supplemented with the use of a mouthwash from the same manufacturer. It is advisable to use the rinse aid after each brushing of teeth and after meals, several times a day.

Lacalute

Toothpaste Lakalut has a therapeutic and prophylactic purpose, so it is not recommended to use it for a long time, and even more so constantly. Usually dentists recommend Lakalut in the following situations:

• in the presence of dental deposits;
• with pathological dry mouth - xerotosmia;
• with bad breath;
• with problems with the gums and frequent dental caries.

There are different types of Lakalut toothpastes, and each patient can choose the most suitable option for himself:

• pastes with antibacterial action;
• enamel whitening pastes;
• pastes to eliminate unpleasant odor from the oral cavity;
• pastes for hypersensitive enamel.

The last paste on the list - Lacalut Sensitive - is the most suitable for use with bleeding gums. It has an anti-inflammatory and astringent effect. After eliminating problems with bleeding, it is recommended to change the toothpaste to a regular hygienic one.

Rinse for bleeding gums

Most often, doctors prescribe such special rinse preparations as Chlorhexidine and Miramistin. These are antibacterial solutions that eliminate all inflammatory signs, while simultaneously causing the death of pathogens.

In addition to these most common remedies, the following drugs may be prescribed:

• Stomatofit is a herbal concentrated remedy used mainly for gingivitis and periodontitis. The course of treatment with the drug is up to 2 weeks. Before use, the concentrate should be diluted in a ratio of 1:5;
• Tantum Verde is a remedy based on the non-steroidal drug benzydamine, which determines the anti-inflammatory property of the solution. Tantum verde can be purchased as an aerosol or mouthwash. Maximum used up to 10 days, up to 3 times a day;
• Chlorophyllipt is a rinse solution that should be diluted in warm boiled water.

All of these funds are used only according to indications and only after the recommendation of the attending physician.

Treatment of bleeding gums with hydrogen peroxide

The use of hydrogen peroxide is considered an unconventional way to treat diseases of the oral mucosa. This solution is mainly used for rinsing and external treatment of the gum surface. The essence of this method is that when peroxide comes into contact with blood, it decomposes into H²O and free O². Oxygen, when released, improves the blood supply to tissues, and the resulting water helps to remove toxic substances and decomposition products.

Many speak about the effectiveness of this remedy, especially if the cause of bleeding from the gum surface is vascular disease, endocrine disorders or diabetes. However, it should be remembered that the use of peroxide on mucous membranes is unsafe, so it is advisable to consult a specialist before use.

The following recipes for bleeding gums using hydrogen peroxide are known:

• Rinse with a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution - dilute 10 drops of peroxide in 50 ml of clean drinking water at room temperature. Rinse your mouth after eating and at night.
• Treatment of the surface of the gums with an undiluted solution of hydrogen peroxide 3%, apply the solution on a cotton swab or swab and lightly wipe the mucous membranes.
• Cleaning teeth and gums - dissolve 2 tablets of hydroperite in 100 ml of warm water. We use the resulting solution for rinsing the mouth. To brush your teeth, we use the following mixture: ½ tsp. baking soda + 20 drops of hydroperite solution + 10 drops of fresh lemon juice. Apply the mixture to your toothbrush and brush your teeth instead of toothpaste.

The listed recipes can be combined, using, for example, every other day or two. Such an integrated approach will allow to influence the causes of bleeding in all directions.

Propolis rinse

Propolis is considered a natural biologically active substance that has a powerful anti-inflammatory effect. Propolis has long been used to combat viral and bacterial diseases, including diseases of the oral cavity.

Is it possible to use propolis for rinsing? Yes, you certainly may! To do this, you can use solutions, both water-based and alcohol-based. Before use, alcohol tincture should be diluted with water in a ratio of at least 1:10.

The active substances of propolis penetrate deep into the tissues through the mucosa, providing a strengthening and regenerating effect. Rinsing the mouth is recommended to be repeated three times a day until the complete disappearance of painful symptoms.

A solution of propolis can be bought at pharmacies or prepared independently, according to the following recipe:

• put the crushed propolis in an enamel bowl, fill it with clean water (30 g of propolis - 250 ml of water), heat it with a water bath. At the same time, stir the mixture with a wooden (!) Spoon until completely dissolved. If various debris floats to the surface during dissolution, remove it with the same spoon and throw it away. Remove from heat, cool and filter through cheesecloth. Pour into a dark glass bottle and store in the refrigerator. We prepare alcohol-based propolis in almost the same way, only instead of water we take 96% alcohol. In this case, you can do without heating, since propolis dissolves much better in alcohol than in water.

The resulting medicine is very convenient to use: it is stored for a long time, while not losing its medicinal properties.

Rotokan

Rotokan is a local anti-inflammatory drug that helps restore damaged areas of the mucosa and stop bleeding. Rotokan is often prescribed for the treatment of inflammatory processes in the oral cavity: stomatitis, periodontal disease, gingivitis.

How is Rotokan used? The drug can be injected into the gum pockets in the form of turundas soaked in a medicinal solution. However, more often Rotokan is used for the so-called “mouth baths”, the solution is diluted in warm water (1 tsp per 200 ml), after which the mouth is thoroughly rinsed for several minutes three times a day for 2 to five days.

The drug Rotokan consists of herbal ingredients such as chamomile extract, calendula and yarrow.

Baking soda for bleeding gums

Baking soda (Na bicarbonate) is a very common ingredient in all kinds of traditional medicine recipes. Soda is used in the treatment of many inflammatory diseases, including the oral cavity.

• For bleeding associated with periodontal disease, a combination of baking soda and alum (natural minerals, available from pharmacies) can be used. For 1 tsp. soda take ¼ tsp. alum, add 220 ml of warm water. The resulting solution is used for rinsing. After rinsing, it is recommended to brush your teeth with a brush coated with alum powder.
• With bloody discharge provoked by stomatitis, you should rinse your mouth with a soda solution: 2 tsp for 220 ml of warm water. soda.
• For periodontitis and bleeding that is accompanied by pain, you can use the following rinse solution: ½ tsp. baking soda + ½ tsp. salt + 220 ml of warm drinking water.

Red mandarin oil

Red mandarin oil is obtained by cold pressing and pressing. Oil contributes to the full absorption of vitamins, strengthens local immunity. The antiseptic, antispasmodic, antiscorbutic, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties of red mandarin are also known.

An important characteristic of tangerine oil is its softness. The gentle action of the product allows it to be used even by pregnant women and young children prone to allergies.

For therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, oil is used in many areas of medicine. Depending on the existing disease, it can be used for inhalation, rubbing, baths, etc.

To eliminate bleeding in the oral cavity, mandarin oil is used in two ways:

• gum applications - help eliminate inflammation and spotting. To do this, add 5 drops of the product to 10 g of rosehip oil or wheat germ. Impose on the affected surface of the mucosa;
• mouthwash - prescribed for inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity. For treatment, dilute 2-3 drops of oil in 220 ml of warm water.

Vitamins for bleeding gums

Specially designed and developed pharmaceutical preparations for strengthening teeth and gum surfaces are designed to meet the body's lack of vitamins and trace elements. It is no secret that often mucosal diseases provoke a banal lack of vitamins. If you use the necessary vitamins regularly, you can significantly improve the condition of the oral cavity, eliminate bleeding and prevent the further development of the pathological process.

Vitamins Dentovitus are prescribed to protect against periodontal diseases and strengthen the body's immunity, including at the local level. Dentovitus is a complex of vitamins and minerals. The use of only one or two tablets per day can prevent many diseases of mucous tissues and teeth.

Vitamin complex Kaltsinova is recommended for the prevention of caries, as well as for the general strengthening of teeth and the periodontal space. The tablets have a pleasant fruity taste, which makes it possible to take the drug not only for adult patients, but also for children who enjoy their taste with pleasure.

Tablets Calcium-D³ Nycomed are used for calcium deficiency in the body. The lack of calcium negatively affects the condition of bones and teeth, and the health of nearby tissues and organs directly depends on the condition of the teeth. The drug is intended for the prevention and treatment of dental diseases in adults and children.

The vitamin complex Askorutin is used quite often for bleeding gums, because this drug can directly affect vascular permeability, quickly eliminating bleeding. Ascorutin is a combination of vitamins such as ascorbic acid and rutin: the fact is that in many cases, the release of blood on the gum surfaces is provoked by hypovitaminosis or vitamin P deficiency. Ascorbic acid complements and enhances the beneficial effect of rutin, and bleeding areas heal quickly.

Vitamins benefit not only the oral cavity, but the whole body. If a person consumes enough vitamins, then his immunity can easily resist infectious diseases, and his teeth, gums, hair, bones are maintained in a healthy state. If your nutrition is complete, and a sufficient amount of vitamin and mineral substances enters the body with food, then you can do without additional intake of pharmaceutical products.

Ointments for bleeding gums

In addition to rinsing, the doctor often prescribes special gels and ointments. As a rule, these agents are used immediately after rinsing, after thoroughly drying the mucous membranes on which the drug will be applied. The ointment is applied with a cotton or gauze swab.

The most commonly used gels:

• Cholisal is a gel preparation that is distributed to the affected gum area three times a day. It has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. By the way, Holisal with bleeding gums can be used even in situations such as teething, minor surgical interventions, as well as the release of blood from tissues while wearing dentures. The duration of treatment with the drug is calculated individually;
• Solcoseryl is a dental gel that perfectly tightens the bleeding zones of the mucosa. The drug is applied on both sides to the affected gum area, the duration of treatment is set for each specific case separately. Solcoseryl is produced on the basis of the blood of cattle and is intended for the restoration and healing of tissues;
• Asepta-gel - it is prescribed mostly for the treatment of the chronic form of gingivitis, since the drug effectively eliminates inflammatory processes and the discomfort associated with them. Use Asepta-gel up to 3 times a day, until complete cure (standard up to 20 days).

The gel for bleeding gums has many advantages over rinsing: the gel base allows you to lower the surface tension of the tissues, thereby increasing the penetration of the active ingredient of the drug into the depths. In addition, the gel film allows the drug to adhere well to the surface of the mucous membranes, and not to be washed off with saliva for a long time.

The most commonly used ointments:

• Apident-active is an ointment made from natural ingredients (propolis, bee venom, extracts of chamomile, sage, yarrow, fir, calendula). The drug eliminates pain, bleeding, inflammation. Treatment with ointment is carried out for 2-3 weeks;
• Metrogyl Denta - has a bactericidal effect, eliminates the signs and consequences of the inflammatory process. The duration of treatment with ointment is about a week;
• Kamistad is an external drug based on lidocaine and chamomile extract. Relieves pain, inflammation, reduces blood flow. May cause temporary tissue numbness.

Balms for bleeding gums

Tooth balms and elixirs are produced by almost all manufacturers specializing in toothpastes - these are Colgate, Blend-A-honey, Lakalut, etc. Doctors recommend using therapeutic and prophylactic balms daily, morning and night, after brushing your teeth with paste. Balms have a bactericidal effect, promote the removal of tartar, improve blood circulation and the state of the microflora of the oral cavity, strengthen the mucous surfaces and tooth enamel.

Do you need a balm for the release of blood from the mucous tissues? It is necessary if it has not only anti-carious, but also anti-inflammatory properties. Anti-inflammatory balm is able to improve blood circulation in tissues, eliminate swelling and signs of inflammation, heal minor wounds and damage.

As a rule, anti-inflammatory balms contain plant components such as fir, pine, chamomile, sage, etc. The rich composition of the preparations enhances their beneficial and strengthening effect.

Antibiotics for bleeding gums

Sometimes the cause of bleeding from the gums is the presence of pathogenic microorganisms: microbes, protozoa, fungi. Often, these microorganisms accumulate in dental deposits, especially with insufficient adherence to the rules of oral hygiene. Of course, only a doctor can prescribe antibiotic therapy, after examining the patient at the appointment. In this case, antibiotic therapy can become the main stage of treatment - this happens, for example, with the catarrhal course of gingivitis.

Of the variety of antibiotics, the most commonly used drugs are:

• Erythromycin is a well-known bacteriostatic drug, similar in action to penicillin. Shows activity in relation to staphylococci, streptococci, meningococci, pneumococci, gonococci. Erythromycin with weakness and increased permeability of the gum vessels is prescribed 0.25 g up to 4 times a day, 60 minutes before a meal. The duration of treatment is approximately 10 days;
• Amoxicillin is a semi-synthetic penicillin drug. Its spectrum of action is similar to Erythromycin, but Amoxicillin also affects Salmonella, Klebsiella and E. coli. The maximum daily dosage of the drug is 500 mg, the duration of treatment is 1-2 weeks;
• Metronidazole is an antiprotozoal and bactericidal drug that destroys a wide variety of bacterial strains. Metronidazole with bleeding gums is used at a dosage of 500 mg (2 tablets of 250 mg) twice a day, after meals, for 7-10 days;
• Ampicillin is a semi-synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotic often prescribed for mixed infections. A single dose of the drug is 500 mg. Frequency of administration - up to 4 times a day, duration of therapy - at least a week;
• Cephalexin is a cephalosporin antibiotic. It is administered by injection, in an amount of up to 4 g in four divided doses.

Antibacterial injections for gums from bleeding gums are rarely used - more often such injections are given intramuscularly. In case of dystrophic and inflammatory processes in the tissues of the oral cavity, submucosal injections of aloe, vitreous, FiBS, lidases can be prescribed.

Treatment of bleeding gums during pregnancy

In pregnant women, as a result of hormonal transformations in the body, an inflammatory process of the mucous gum tissues often develops - gingivitis. Some time after the onset of the disease, the inflamed mucosa begins to bleed. Is it dangerous?

In the vast majority of women, such bleeding disappears on its own, or after the usual rinsing procedures using herbal infusions or pharmaceutical solutions of antiseptics.

Only in some cases, the signs of the disease increase, which may indicate the transition of gingivitis to a chronic course. This means that even a mild form of the inflammatory process should be treated, and this should be done in a timely manner.

As a rule, for the treatment of gingivitis during pregnancy, conventional topical preparations are used, which do not have a systemic effect and are not absorbed into the bloodstream. It is recommended to strictly observe oral hygiene, brush your teeth at least 2 times a day using toothpastes with anti-inflammatory properties.

Bleeding gums is not only an unpleasant problem, but also quite dangerous. Minor inflammation of the gums can lead to serious problems such as recession, swelling of the gums, suppuration under the soft mucosa, and even tooth loss. Today, almost 90% of the population is faced with bleeding gums, but, unfortunately, they do not pay attention to this problem. Periodontists at the Smile-at-Once Center strongly recommend not to start the inflammatory process and consult a doctor as soon as possible.

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What does bleeding gums indicate?

• gingivitis: the initial stage of inflammation, manifests itself in the form of slight bleeding and redness of the mucosa. Treatment of the disease, although it requires special efforts, but with timely measures taken, it allows you to completely get rid of inflammation,
• periodontitis: severe inflammation, fraught with swelling, redness and recession of the gums, the formation of massive periodontal pockets. Bleeding gums is manifested not only with mechanical action - it can be constant,
• periodontal disease: an extreme, generalized degree of inflammation, in which there is a strong mobility and loss of teeth,
• general body problems: leukemia, diabetes mellitus, endocrine disorders.

Symptoms of gum disease

• bleeding: with gingivitis, the gums bleed due to external stimuli - when brushing your teeth or biting off food (even soft ones, such as bread); with periodontitis and periodontal disease, bleeding can be constant,
• a large accumulation of plaque and tartar on the teeth,
• formation of periodontal pockets,
• unpleasant and even putrid odor from the mouth,
• swelling and discoloration of the gums - up to scarlet and even purple in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe gingival papillae (located between the teeth),
• increased sensitivity of the gums to temperature stimuli and pressure,
• loosening of teeth in advanced stages.

Reasons why gum disease occurs

1. Oral problems

The most basic reason for the development of inflammatory processes is the accumulation of plaque and stone on the teeth and under the gums. They appear due to poor or improper oral hygiene: if the patient ignores the daily rules of care, does not clean the mouth after eating, uses a too soft brush that does not cope with high-quality cleansing - all this provokes the accumulation of plaque. Gradually, it mineralizes and becomes a hard stone, it is no longer possible to remove it on your own.

Specialists of the Smile-at-Once Center strongly recommend that patients undergo professional oral hygiene in the dentist's office 1-2 times a year. The procedure will remove plaque and tartar, and this is an excellent prevention of inflammation of the gums.

Poorly installed or improperly made crowns, fillings or prostheses can also cause inflammation of the gums - their edges can injure the mucous membranes.

Expert opinion

“It is impossible to get rid of bleeding and inflammation forever, but the development of the process can be slowed down at the current stage. The most important thing is supportive care. High-quality hygiene, professional cleaning at the dentist, periodic drug therapy or rinsing with herbal decoctions.

2. Hereditary factors

The patient should pay attention to the condition of the teeth and gums of their parents - if at least one of them is faced with weakness of the soft mucous membranes, the risk of inflammatory processes in children increases markedly.

3. General body diseases and nutritional problems

Weakness of the immune system, disruption of the thyroid gland, diabetes mellitus - these problems can cause the development of inflammatory processes. However, there is an opposite situation - bleeding and inflammation of the gums may indicate the presence of previously undiagnosed diseases such as diabetes and leukemia.

Inflammation of the gums can be caused by a violation of the composition and amount of saliva (for example, with inflammation of the salivary glands) - namely, it is responsible for the natural cleaning of teeth from plaque and bacteria.

The lack of vitamins and poor nutrition also negatively affects the condition of the gums: the diet must contain fresh vegetables and fruits, which naturally clean tooth enamel.

Hormonal disorders also lead to inflammation of the gums, which is why gingivitis is so common in pregnant and lactating women, as well as adolescents.

Smoking, again, disrupts the production of saliva, and also leads to the formation of dense plaque on the teeth. And this is nothing but bacteria that attack our teeth and gums. There are practical studies that confirm that in heavy smokers, oral diseases occur 2-3 times more often.

5. Taking certain medications

Some drugs can cause inflammation and bleeding of the gums due to their negative effect on the formation of saliva, significantly reducing its amount. A number of drugs lead to disruption of metabolic processes in tissues, due to which the cells do not receive the right amount of nutrients and oxygen.

How to deal with bleeding and inflammation of the gums?

Getting rid of the inflammatory process on the gums should be carried out only in combination: rinses should not be carried out if plaque remains on the teeth, which provokes the development of inflammation - the treatment will not be effective.

We urge patients not to self-medicate, but at the slightest sign of inflammation, contact a professional periodontist. The doctor will be able to determine the exact cause of the problem, develop a comprehensive treatment plan and select the most effective methods that will relieve inflammation and thus protect against serious consequences.

These are the three main steps that will help to cope with minor inflammation of the gums, that is, gingivitis. True, the patient needs to tune in to the fact that such a complex will have to be repeated regularly - at least 1-2 times a year.

It is best to fight inflammation before it occurs. Prevention of bleeding and inflammation of the gums is a thorough hygiene, rational nutrition, maintaining the health of the whole organism, as well as regular visits to the attending physician in order to professionally clean the teeth from plaque and bacteria.

1 According to WHO - World Health Organization.
2 Elovikova T.M., Molvinskikh V.S., Krmishina E.Yu. Analysis of the effect of therapeutic and prophylactic toothpaste with herbal extracts on the state of the oral cavity in patients with gingivitis. Journal "Problems of Dentistry", 2015.