Eosinophilia with frequent bleeding from. Why the level of eosinophils rises - a link with diseases. What are eosinophils for?

What could be the reasons for the high level of eosinophils in the blood or tissues? What does this mean, what does it depend on, and what to do in case of large values?

High values ​​of eosinophils in the blood and tissues

term eosinophilia denote a condition in which a patient has elevated levels of eosinophils in the blood.

Classification of eosinophilia

Tissue eosinophilia is not always accompanied by eosinophilia of the blood or organs. But, as a rule, high values ​​of eosinophils in peripheral blood are a sign of pathology or an eosinophilic disorder (if no disease was found).

Depending on the concentration of eosinophils in the blood, the following classification of eosinophilia is carried out:

• mild eosinophilia. When the number of eosinophils in the peripheral blood is in the range of 450 to 1500 million cells per liter of blood.
• Moderate eosinophilia. When the number of eosinophils is between 1500 and 5000 million cells per liter of blood.
• Severe eosinophilia or hypereosinophilia. When the number of eosinophils exceeds 5000 million cells per liter of blood.

Pathophysiology of an increase in the number of eosinophils

All eosinophils belong to blood cells and therefore produced in the bone marrow formed from hematopoietic stem cells.

Eosinophils from the bone marrow quickly pass into the blood. Here the number of eosinophils may increase for three reasons:

• An increase in the concentration of factors that stimulate the production of eosinophils. This category includes interleukins IL-3 and IL-5 (protein molecules that can change the behavior of other cells), as well as granulocyte factor, known by the acronym GM-CSF.
• Loss of effectiveness of one of the factors. The average lifespan of eosinophils is several hours (about 12), but the action of certain factors inhibits cytokines that determine apoptosis (programmed death), and thereby determine an increase in their concentration in the blood.
• Mixture the two previous reasons.

The reasons that can cause the changes discussed above are very diverse and heterogeneous, and will be discussed further in the reasons that determine eosinophilia.

Causes of an increase in eosinophils

Reasons that can increase the concentration of eosinophils or prolong their lifespan can be summarized as follows:

Idiopathic or primary eosinophilia. An increase in the population of eosinophils in the blood in the absence of underlying pathologies and causes that can be detected.

Secondary eosinophilia. Occurs when eosinophilia is associated with some other pathology.

Common diseases that can determine the development of eosinophilia:

To determine if a patient has problems with an elevated eosinophil level, one should first blood test, i.e. complete hemochromocytometry, i.e. counting the total number of blood cells. And, along with this, obtaining the exact absolute number of eosinophils.

To this series of studies, it is often necessary to add a number of instrumental examinations in order to assess damage to various organs:

The treatment of secondary eosinophilia involves the treatment of the original pathology, which must be healed, and if this is not possible, it should be kept under control.

Therapy for idiopathic eosinophilia is based on corticosteroids. Today for occasions severe eosinophilia A combination of cortisone and interferon A therapy is used.

The prognosis for eosinophilia largely depends on the disease that caused the change in the state of the blood.

Eosinophils are blood cells from the leukocyte group. Eosinophils got their name due to the pink color of the cytoplasm. It acquires such a shade after the dye eosin is added to the blood sample. As a result, eosinophils become perfectly visible when examining a blood smear under a microscope. With multiple magnification, you can find that these cells resemble small amoebas that can exit the vascular bed and accumulate in areas of inflammation. In the blood, eosinophils spend no more than an hour, after which they penetrate into the tissues.

The main tasks of eosinophils include:

Stimulation of the release and accumulation of inflammatory mediators.

Absorption and binding of inflammatory mediators.

Normal eosinophil values

Normally, no more than 5% of eosinophils from the total number of leukocytes are present in the blood. The absolute value of eosinophils should not exceed 310 per ml of blood. If a person is healthy, then the relative number of eosinophils is calculated in him. If there are any deviations, then refer to the absolute value. Eosinophilia is indicated by an excess of 0.4 * 10 9 /l for adults. In childhood, eosinophilia is recognized when their values ​​exceed 0.7 * 10 9 /l.

The number of eosinophils can fluctuate depending on the time of day, which is largely determined by the activity of the adrenal glands. So, in the morning, the level of eosinophils can be increased by 15% compared to the norm. If you take blood for research from a patient in the first half of the night, then this figure will completely exceed the normal values ​​​​by 30%.

Therefore, in order to obtain the most reliable result, the procedure for donating blood for analysis requires compliance with a number of rules:

The procedure is carried out in the morning.

8-11 hours before the test, you must refuse to eat food.

Alcohol and sugary foods should be excluded 1 day before the procedure.

Be sure to take into account the fact that during menstrual bleeding, the level of eosinophils in the blood rises, since estrogens stimulate the maturation of these blood cells. After ovulation and until the end of the cycle, the level of eosinophils will, on the contrary, be lowered.

In childhood, the normal eosinophils will differ from those in adults:

The first 14 days of a child's life - 1-6% of eosinophils in the blood.

After 15 days and up to a year - 1-5% of eosinophils in the blood.

Starting from one and a half to 1 year - 1-7%.

From 1 to 5 years - 1-6%.

At the age of over 5 years, eosinophils are equal to the norm of an adult - 1-5%.

Concern should be shown when the level of eosinophils in the blood exceeds 700 cells per milliliter of blood.

There are 3 degrees of eosinophilia:

Mild eosinophilia. The level of eosinophils in the blood is 10%.

Eosinophilia of moderate severity. The level of eosinophils in the blood is from 11 to 15%.

severe eosinophilia. In this case, the excess is 15% or more.

It should be noted that sometimes the diagnosis can be erroneous. During the application of the eosin dye, not only eosinophils acquire a pink color, but also granular inclusions present in neutrophils. In this case, the level of neutrophils will be lowered, and eosinophils will be increased. In this case, any pathological symptoms in a person will be absent. Upon receipt of such data, it is necessary to perform a second blood test.

Allergic tension of the body always leads to an increase in the level of eosinophils in the blood.

This may be observed in the following cases:

Allergic reaction of immediate type: hay fever,.

Allergic reaction to drugs, serum sickness.

Autoimmune diseases: SLE, periarteritis nodosa.

Respiratory system diseases: bronchial asthma, sarcoidosis, eosinophilic pleurisy, Loeffler's disease, histiocytosis.

Lesions of the digestive tract: eosinophilic and colitis.

An increase in body temperature to subfebrile values.

Painful sensations in the muscles.

Strengthening weakness.

Lack of desire to eat.

Dry cough and skin rashes.

With an allergic reaction of the body, the patient develops skin rashes, blisters may form. In severe cases, collapse, a sharp decrease in blood pressure, and a state of shock are possible.

Diseases of the digestive system, accompanied by eosinophilia, are expressed in all kinds of dyspeptic disorders, in vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, the appearance of blood in the feces, etc. At the same time, a person must understand that such symptoms do not occur due to an increase in the level of eosinophils in the blood. It develops due to the underlying disease.

Cancer tumors with eosinophilia are indicated by symptoms such as: an increase in the size of the lymph nodes, high or slightly, pain in the muscles and joints, frequent infectious diseases.

Distinguish eosinophilia of individual organs, but as an independent pathology, it develops very rarely. If this happens, then lung tissue is most often in the affected area. Pulmonary eosinophilia can manifest itself in eosinophilic vasculitis, granulomatosis.

The most common form of independent eosinophilia is Loeffler's syndrome. The reasons leading to its development are still unknown to science. The disease has a favorable prognosis, accompanied by a cough and a slight increase in body temperature. In the lungs, accumulations of eosinophils are found, which will disappear on their own in the future.

Tropical eosinophilia is diagnosed in people who live in countries located in close proximity to the equator. With this disease, infiltrates also form in the lungs. There is an assumption that this pathology is of an infectious nature, since it has an undulating course with episodes of exacerbation and calm. However, a complete cure of such patients is possible.

In addition to lung tissue, eosinophilic infiltrates can form in muscle tissue. The myocardium becomes a dangerous localization. This pathology leads to a decrease in the cavities of the heart and development.

Allergic reactions of the body are eliminated by taking antihistamines. This may be Claritin, Phencarol, Suprastin, Zirtek, etc. A severe course of an allergy requires the appointment of hormonal drugs, and infusion therapy is carried out in parallel with the patient. If rashes appear on the skin, then it is advisable to use ointments and creams with an antihistamine effect (Advantan, Elidel, etc.). To reduce the inflammatory response, patients are prescribed oral sorbents.

The presence of an oncological process requires the consultation of an oncologist. Patients are prescribed cytostatics, hormonal drugs, immunosuppressants. Depending on the type of tumor and the health of the patient, standardized treatment regimens are used.

Thus, eosinophilia is a hematological symptom that can indicate both mild infections and allergic reactions, as well as severe pathologies that threaten human life. Therefore, an increase in the level of eosinophils in the blood should not be ignored.

Education: Moscow Medical Institute. I. M. Sechenov, specialty - "Medicine" in 1991, in 1993 "Occupational diseases", in 1996 "Therapy".

Eosinophils are one of the groups of leukocytes (white blood cells). Their production is activated when a foreign protein structure enters the body. The number of cells is determined during a routine general blood test, and not only the absolute value (the number of pieces per unit of blood) matters, but also the ratio to the total number of leukocytes (it is expressed as a percentage). When our immunity is included in intensive work and tries to defeat the disease on its own, eosinophils are increased in the blood test. However, you should be aware that not every increase or decrease in the level of these blood cells indicates a pathological process. However, first things first.

Degrees of eosinophilia in adults and children

The condition when eosinophils in the blood are elevated is called eosinophilia.

Normally, in an adult (regardless of gender), cells are present in an amount from 100-120 to 300-350 in one milliliter of the blood being studied, as a percentage of all leukocytes, this is 1-5%. In children of different ages, the ratio to leukocytes varies from 1 to 6-7%.

A significant deviation of the level of blood cells in the group under consideration from 10% of normal is considered, in which case a mild degree of eosinophilia is diagnosed; with the growth of eosinophils up to 15%, a moderate degree is determined;

exceeding the threshold above 15% indicates a severe pathology.

However, it is necessary to take into account physiological fluctuations in the number of cells and other factors affecting the indicator.

Non-pathological increases in the indicator

• At night, eosinophilia can reach levels above 30%, especially at the beginning;
• An increase in the rate is observed in the evening;
• The analysis reveals variations in the number of cells in women throughout the menstrual cycle: in the initial stages, their number increases, after ovulation it gradually decreases;
• Treatment with certain drugs can affect the indicator: aspirin, diphenhydramine, tuberculosis drugs, penicillins, sulfanilamide and gold preparations, vitamin B complexes, imipramine, miscleron, papaverine, eufillin, beta-blockers, chymotrypsin, chlorpropamide, hormonal medications and others;
• Eating regimen: sweets, alcoholic drinks increase the likelihood that the analysis will be incorrect.

For the first time, elevated eosinophils detected in a blood test require a re-examination and study of changes in their number over time (several consecutive analyzes).

Causes of pathology

If eosinophils are elevated, it is necessary to identify the cause, since the pathology is a symptom of a disease, and not a separate disease. An increase in the number of these blood cells indicates an intensive work of the immune system, and does not always require treatment.

There are several prerequisites for the development of eosinophilia:

A blood test reveals eosinophilia when a person is infected with helminthiases. The following diseases can be the cause:

• Toxocariasis;
• Opisthorchiasis;
• Giardiasis;
• Ascariasis;
• Filariasis;
• Strongyloidiasis;
• Malaria;
• Paragonimiasis;
• Echinococcosis;
• Trichinosis;
• Amoebiasis.

Allergy

An allergic reaction occupies a leading place among the causes of an increase in eosinophils. The condition develops when:

• pollinose;
• Quincke's edema;
• Bronchial asthma;
• Allergic reaction to medications;
• hay fever;
• serum sickness;
• Rhinitis of an allergic nature;
• Urticaria;
• fasciitis;
• Myositis etc.

Diseases of the internal organs

Eosinophilia is manifested in diseases of the following organs:

Blood diseases

An increase in eosinophils is observed with erythremia, myeloid leukemia, lymphogranulomatosis, polycythemia, pernicious anemia, Cesari's syndrome.

Dermatological pathologies

Almost any skin disease leads to the fact that eosinophils are elevated:

• Lichen;
• Pemphigus vulgaris;
• contact or atopic dermatitis;
• Pemphigus;
• Eczema;
• Fungal disease.

Autoimmune conditions

Often, a blood test reveals an increase in eosinophils in scleroderma, SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus), and a large number of these cells are formed during transplant rejection.

infections

Infection in the body always causes eosinophilia. Both the acute phase and the exacerbation of chronic diseases can provoke the condition:

• Scarlet fever;
• Tuberculosis;
• Gonorrhea;
• Mononucleosis;
• syphilis etc.

Malignant tumors

Various forms of malignant tumors, including lymphomas and lymphogranulomatosis, cause an increase in eosinophil cells in the blood. Tumors can be localized in various organs: genital or internal organs, thyroid gland, skin, stomach, etc., the condition worsens when metastases appear.

Features of eosinophilia in children

Diagnosis of the disease

To get a complete picture of the state of human health, it is first necessary to pass a biochemical blood test, such a study can indicate the reason why eosinophils are elevated. Further, according to the results, it is necessary to carry out a number of further studies:

Treatment of eosinophilia

You should also not be upset if eosinophils are moderately elevated, this may indicate the beginning of recovery and the formation of a healthy immune system response to infection. Let the doctor do his job and strictly follow his recommendations.

Eosinophilia - what is it? In medicine, this term means a change in the composition of the blood, in which there are increases in the number of certain cells - eosinophils. These cells are able to penetrate into some other tissues of the human body. For example, in allergic reactions, eosinophils are found in nasal secretions; in asthma, they accumulate in sputum and lung fluid. What is eosinophilia and how does it progress? This syndrome can have several degrees depending on the number of eosinophils in the blood. With the first degree, the number of such cells is approximately 10% of the number of leukocytes, with moderate - 10-20%, with high - more than 20%.

Persistent eosinophilia often occurs with worms, some forms of leukemia, and allergic reactions. Eosinophilia is not an independent disease: it is considered one of the symptoms of various infectious, allergic and autoimmune diseases. The list of reasons leading to the development of such a condition is quite wide.

The main causes of the development of the syndrome are as follows:

• helminthic invasions;
• skin allergic reactions;
• lichen;
• angioedema;
• eosinophilic cystitis;
• pernicious anemia;
• respiratory diseases;
• malignant tumors of the hematopoietic system, autoimmune diseases;
• staphylococcal infections;
• rheumatism;
• cancerous tumors of the skin, thyroid gland, uterus, stomach.

An increase in the number of eosinophils can be caused by taking certain medications, such as Diphenhydramine, antibiotics, Aspirin.

The main symptoms depend on the cause of eosinophilia. In autoimmune disorders, along with this symptom, the following is noted:

• weight loss;
• fibrotic changes in lung tissues;
• hepatosplenomegaly;
• anemia;
• high body temperature;
• vascular inflammation;
• violations of the functions of all organs and systems.

With skin manifestations of allergy, eosinophilia in the blood is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• the occurrence of a dry or weeping rash;
• ulceration and exfoliation of the upper layers of the skin.

Diseases of the digestive tract are accompanied by the destruction of the beneficial intestinal microflora, toxins from the body begin to be removed not fast enough, which leads to its intoxication. In such conditions, the patient experiences constant nausea and heaviness in the stomach after eating, there are pains in the navel, digestive disorders, enlarged liver and lymph nodes, symptoms of hepatitis.

Blood diseases are characterized by the frequent occurrence of infections, hepatosplenomegaly, swollen lymph nodes, cyanosis of the skin, difficulty breathing. Such an eosinophilia syndrome as myalgia, accompanied by severe itching of the skin, is observed with lymphogranulomatosis. With malignant diseases of the lymphatic system, there is a persistent increase in body temperature, general weakness, causeless weight loss, fatigue. The remaining symptoms depend on the localization of the pathological process. Malignant tumors of the abdominal cavity lead to an increase in the abdomen, severe thirst, intestinal obstruction. With the development of a tumor behind the sternum, chest pains, coughing, difficulty swallowing, swelling of the face appear. What is pulmonary eosinophilia?

This concept implies the penetration of specific cells into the lung tissue. Pulmonary eosinophilia in adults is considered the most common among all forms of these diseases. This group includes the following states:

• pulmonary infiltrates;
• eosinophilic vasculitis;
• eosinophilic granulomas;
• pneumonia.

Pulmonary eosinophilia most often occurs with allergic rhinitis, helminthic invasions, bronchial asthma and Loeffler's syndrome.

Increased eosinophils in children

Eosinophilia in the blood is often found in premature babies. This syndrome usually disappears when the child reaches normal weight. Therefore, such a state in this case is considered a variant of the norm. The most common causes of such a symptom in children are allergic reactions and helminthic invasions. Moderate eosinophilia in children is often accompanied by skin rashes and itching, dry cough, and respiratory failure. With pinworms and roundworms, itching appears in the anus and genitals. It is at this moment that the liver and spleen increase, and a sharp decrease in hemoglobin is noted.

How the disease is treated

Such a condition is revealed during a general blood test, the results of which reveal an increased number of eosinophils. Signs of anemia are also recorded - a decrease in hemoglobin and the number of red blood cells. To identify the cause of the development of the disease, a biochemical blood test, a fecal test for helminth eggs, and a urine test are performed. The main method for diagnosing allergic rhinitis is the analysis of secretions secreted by the mucous membranes of the nose.

It is necessary to conduct an x-ray examination of the lungs if there are indications for this; in case of rheumatism, a puncture of the affected joint is made. Treatment of such an independent disease as eosinophilia is not carried out.

The cause of this condition should be identified and corrected.

The choice of drugs that will include treatment depends on the underlying disease, the presence of concomitant pathologies and the general condition of the body. With drug eosinophilia, the main method of therapy is the rejection of previously prescribed drugs.

Worms can live asymptomatically in your body for years and their waste products will interfere with your body and cause other diseases, the course of which often becomes chronic.

You are familiar with the following symptoms firsthand:

• nausea;
• gas and bloating;
• frequent colds;
• bad sleep;
• weight problems;
• excessive nervousness;
• fatigue;
• skin problems?

An increase in eosinophils in the blood (a type of white blood cell) in a child often worries parents and babies. Such cells are responsible for the entire immune system as a whole, which suppresses a possible deterioration in health. There is an increase in eosinophils for various reasons. An obligatory stage, the pediatrician advises to undergo a complete examination.

What are eosinophils

What are eosinophils for?

Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that are blood cells. They are located in the capillaries, in the tissues, although they arise in the human bone marrow, making a long way. Occurs in the human bone marrow. Eosinophils penetrate the blood with great ease, neutralize toxic substances, and absorb harmful particles. This is the type of function.

In general, these functions can be divided into 2 types: protective and phagocytic function. The first type, therefore, protects the body, while the inhibitor histamine, this substance that suppresses the mechanism of hydrochloric acid, relaxes, thereby helping the body overcome the disease. The second - catches harmful particles, neutralizes them, turns them into protein. Due to this, the percentage of occurrence of pathologies decreases.

Therefore, it is important to bring their percentage back to normal, since its work depends on this percentage, and its increase leads to consequences.

Most often, a child has elevated eosinophils when:

1. Allergic diseases (symptoms: runny nose, sneezing, itching).
2. With invasions (insomnia, itching).

Such diseases can manifest themselves very easily, due to rare hand washing, eating unwashed food. In this case, the indicator is rarely 10-15%.

Eosinophil level

There are other reasons for the increase in eosinophils, due to the fact that the child's body reacts differently to changes in nutrition, vaccinations, injections, mosquito bites and penetrate much faster into the bloodstream compared to the body of adults. Arise:

1. With a lack of magnesium.
2. Tumors (of any kind).
3. Skin diseases.
4. Infected blood.
5. Some infections (fungal).
6. The problem is in the endocrine system.

Improvements

The level of eosinophils may increase with urticaria, asthma.

An increase in eosinophils in the blood is called "eosinophilia" in medicine.

With this type of eosinophilia, the percentage of excess of the norm will not be so large, but will be 15%. As mentioned above, this can be observed with urticaria, diseases of the respiratory system. And the predominance of tissue hormones in the body, at a high level. If the child is over 1 year old, and his indicator is exceeded, it indicates tuberculosis, infection with scarlet fever.

Eosinophilia. Increase in adults

Eosinophils also increase in adults. According to the practice of specialists, they accumulate in cells. The number of eosinophils in an adult should not exceed 0.3% per 109 / l.

This percentage increases in the blood of common diseases - asthma, allergies, rhinitis, bronchitis, tuberculosis, in rare cases - influenza. The causes of occurrence are allergies, intestinal damage, bacteria, viral diseases, negative reactions to certain medications, and exactly a certain substance in the composition of the medication.

They also occur due to:

With an increase in eosinophils, the child shows noticeable symptoms: an increase in temperature up to 39. This condition is dangerous for the life of your baby.

Symptoms that the child does not feel:

• Enlargement of the liver.
• Heart failure.
• Also, the appearance of a rash on the skin, insomnia, weight loss.

How to lose excess eosinophils?

After identifying the cause of the excess of the norm, it is possible to cure the identified disease. But: first you need to undergo an examination of the whole organism. The child's body is very weak, as soon as a foreign particle gets in, diseases may arise, from which there may be consequences in the future.

If eosinophils are elevated, pathologies arise: Rh - conflict, skin diseases, vascular diseases, malignant tumors.

It is necessary: ​​to start treatment on time, and to examine the child often in preventive plans.

Worm infestation - the reason for the increase

Diagnosis of eosinophilia

The first stage of treatment, the doctors installed an ultrasound of the internal organs. Next, you need to go through all the necessary tests that your doctor will prescribe. After the correct identified ailment, treatment procedures are naturally carried out. In case of blood pathology, a hematologist is engaged in treatment, if infectious diseases are detected, then an infectious diseases doctor.