Anemia of various etiologies. Anemia: symptoms. Anemia: causes, treatment, prevention, first signs. The main forms of anemia

Anemia is a decrease in the number of red blood cells in the blood - erythrocytes below 4.0x109 / l, or a decrease in hemoglobin below 130 g / l in men and below 120 g / l in women. Anemia during pregnancy is characterized by a decrease in hemoglobin below 110 g / l.

This is not an independent disease, anemia occurs as a syndrome in a number of diseases and leads to a disruption in the supply of oxygen to all organs and tissues of the body, which, in turn, provokes the development of many other diseases and pathological conditions.

Severity

Depending on the concentration of hemoglobin, it is customary to distinguish three degrees of severity of anemia:

anemia of the 1st degree is recorded when the hemoglobin level decreases by more than 20% of the normal value;
anemia of the 2nd degree is characterized by a decrease in hemoglobin by about 20-40% of the normal level;
grade 3 anemia is the most severe form of the disease, when hemoglobin is reduced by more than 40% of the normal value.

It is unequivocal to show that the patient has 1 degree or a more severe stage can only be a blood test.

The reasons

What it is: anemia, that is, anemia, is nothing more than. Namely, hemoglobin carries oxygen to all tissues of the body. That is, anemia is caused precisely by a lack of oxygen in the cells of all organs and systems.

The nature of nutrition. With insufficient intake of iron-containing foods, it can develop, this is more typical for population groups where there is already a high level of alimentary anemia;
Violation of the gastrointestinal tract (with violations of the absorption process). Since iron absorption occurs in the stomach and upper small intestine, if the absorption process is disturbed, the mucous membrane of the digestive tract develops this disease.
Chronic blood loss (gastrointestinal bleeding, nosebleeds, hemoptysis, hematuria, uterine bleeding). Belongs to one of the most important causes of iron deficiency.

Iron-deficiency anemia

The most common form of anemia. It is based on a violation of the synthesis of hemoglobin (oxygen carrier) due to iron deficiency. It is manifested by dizziness, flashing flies before the eyes, palpitations. Dry skin, pallor, are noted. Typical manifestations are fragility and layering of nails, their transverse striation.

aplastic anemia

This is more often an acquired acute, subacute or chronic disease of the blood system, which is based on a violation of the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow, namely a sharp decrease in its ability to produce blood cells.

Sometimes aplastic anemia begins acutely and develops rapidly. But more often, the disease occurs gradually and does not manifest itself with bright symptoms for quite a long time. The symptoms of aplastic anemia include all the symptoms characteristic of, and.

B12 deficiency anemia

It occurs when there is a lack of vitamin B12 in the body, which is necessary for the growth and maturation of red blood cells in the bone marrow, as well as for the proper functioning of the nervous system. For this reason, one of the hallmark symptoms of B12 deficiency anemia is tingling and numbness in the fingers and a wobbly gait.

Hemolysis occurs under the influence of antibodies. These can be maternal antibodies directed against the child's erythrocytes in case of incompatibility between the child and the mother for the Rh antigen and much less often for antigens of the ABO system. Antibodies against one's own erythrocytes may be active at normal temperature or only when cooled.

They can appear for no apparent reason or in connection with the fixation on erythrocytes of incomplete haptens antigens alien to the body.

signs

We list the main signs of anemia that can disturb a person.

pallor of the skin;
increased heart rate and respiration;
fast fatiguability;
dizziness;
noise in ears;
spots in the eyes;
muscle weakness;
difficulty concentrating;
irritability;
lethargy;
slight rise in temperature.

Symptoms of anemia

Among the symptoms of anemia, manifestations directly related to hypoxia are considered leading. The degree of clinical manifestations depends on the severity of the decrease in the number of hemoglobin.

With a mild degree (hemoglobin level 115-90 g / l), general weakness, increased fatigue, and a decrease in concentration may be observed.
With an average (90-70 g / l), patients complain of shortness of breath, palpitations, frequent headaches, sleep disturbance, tinnitus, loss of appetite, lack of sexual desire. Patients are characterized by pallor of the skin.
In the case of a severe degree (hemoglobin less than 70 g / l), they develop.

With anemia, symptoms in many cases do not manifest themselves. The disease can only be detected by laboratory blood tests.

Diagnosis of the disease

In order to understand how to treat anemia, it is important to determine its type and cause of development. The main method for diagnosing this disease is the study of the patient's blood.

Are considered:

for men 130-160 grams per liter of blood.
for women 120-147 g/l.
for pregnant women, the lower limit of the norm is 110g / l.

Anemia treatment

Naturally, the methods of treating anemia radically differ depending on the type of anemia that caused its cause and severity. But the basic principle of treating anemia of any kind is the same - it is necessary to deal with the cause that caused the decrease in hemoglobin.

With anemia caused by blood loss, it is necessary to stop the bleeding as soon as possible. With a large blood loss that threatens life, a transfusion of donor blood is used.
With iron deficiency anemia, you should eat foods rich in iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid (they improve the absorption of iron and blood formation processes), the doctor may also prescribe medications containing these substances. Often folk remedies are effective.
In case of anemia provoked by infectious diseases and intoxication, it is necessary to treat the underlying disease, to carry out urgent measures to detoxify the body.

In the case of anemia, an important condition for treatment is a healthy lifestyle - proper balanced nutrition, alternation of stress and rest. It is also necessary to avoid contact with chemical or poisonous substances and oil products.

Food

An important component of the treatment is a diet with foods rich in substances and trace elements that are necessary for the process of hematopoiesis. What foods should be eaten with anemia in a child and an adult? Here is the list:

meat, sausages;
offal - especially the liver;
fish;
egg yolks;
whole grain flour products;
seeds - pumpkin, sunflower, sesame;
nuts - especially pistachios;
spinach, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, fennel, parsley leaves;
beet;
black currant;
sprouts, wheat germ;
apricots, prunes, figs, dates;

Drinks containing caffeine (eg, tea, coffee, cola) should be avoided, especially with meals, as caffeine interferes with iron absorption.

Iron supplements for anemia

Iron preparations for anemia are much more effective. The absorption of this trace element in the digestive tract from iron preparations is 15-20 times higher than from food.

This allows you to effectively use iron supplements for anemia: raise hemoglobin faster, restore iron stores, eliminate general weakness, fatigue and other symptoms.

Ferretab composite (0154g ferrous fumarate and 0.0005g folic acid). Additionally, it is desirable to take ascorbic acid in a daily dose of 0.2-0.3 g).
(0.32 g of ferrous sulfate and 0.06 g of vitamin C) is produced in a dragee daily dosage depending on the degree of anemia 2-3 times a day.
Totem - is available in bottles of 10 milliliters, the content of the elements is the same as in the sorbifer. It is used orally, it can be diluted with water, it is possible to prescribe it for intolerance to tablet forms of iron. Daily dose 1-2 doses.
(0.15g, ferrous sulfate, 0.05g vitamin C, vitamins B2, B6, 0.005g calcium pantothenate.
Vitamin B12 in 1 ml ampoules 0.02% and 0.05%.
Folic acid tablets 1mg.
Ampoule iron preparations for intramuscular and intravenous administration are sold only by prescription and require injections only in stationary conditions due to the high frequency of allergic reactions to these drugs.

You can not take iron supplements in conjunction with drugs that reduce their absorption: Levomycitin, Calcium preparations, Tetracyclines, Antacids. As a rule, iron preparations are prescribed before meals, if there is no vitamin C in the drug, then an additional intake of ascorbic acid in a daily dose of 0.2-0.3 g is required.

For each patient, the daily need for iron is specially calculated, as well as the duration of the course of treatment, the absorption of the specific prescribed drug and the iron content in it are taken into account. Usually, long courses of treatment are prescribed, therapeutic doses are taken for 1.5-2 months, and prophylactic doses are taken in the next 2-3 months.

Effects

Iron deficiency anemia, if not treated early, can have serious consequences. A severe degree turns into heart failure, associated with,. Sometimes people end up in the hospital with a sharp loss of consciousness, the cause of which is undertreated or not detected in time anemia.

Therefore, if you suspect that you have this disease or are prone to low hemoglobin, then it is worth taking a control blood test every three months.

Anemia is a common condition in women, the main symptom of pathology is a decrease in the level of hemoglobin in the blood. It cannot be called an independent disease, but rather a syndrome of many diseases and at the same time the cause of many dangerous conditions.

Colloquially, anemia is often referred to as anemia. This is due to a decrease in the number of red blood cells in the blood and the resulting oxygen deficiency. Women are especially susceptible to this pathological condition, both young girls and ladies over 40 years old. Most often this applies to those whose body does not have enough strength for themselves and for the child.

Varieties of anemia

According to the severity of anemia, anemia can be divided into three groups:

1 degree, when the deviation of the hemoglobin level from the norm is less than a fifth;
2 degree, in which the hemoglobin level is 20 - 40% below normal;
3 degrees when the deviation exceeds 40%.

The gradation of severity is expressed in relative terms, because the norm of hemoglobin in the blood is different depending on gender and age.

Depending on the underlying causes of anemia in women, the following types are distinguished:

iron deficiency;
aplastic;
posthemorrhagic;
hemolytic;
folic acid deficiency;
with B12 deficiency.

Iron deficiency anemia is caused by a lack of iron in the body. This may be due to an increased need for it, for example, during the period of active teenage growth or pregnancy. Often it is associated with malnutrition, diets that lead to insufficient intake of this element.

Aplastic anemia is caused by a disease of the hematopoietic system associated with damage to bone marrow cells. This is the most severe form of anemia and is fatal in 80% of cases. But it is extremely rare.

Posthemorrhagic anemia is associated with severe blood loss, which could be caused by internal or external bleeding, resulting from injury or exacerbation of chronic diseases, such as stomach ulcers. In women, it is often found in gynecological diseases accompanied by uterine bleeding.

Hemolytic anemia is manifested by shortening the life cycle of red blood cells. This type of pathology is very rare and can also be hereditary or acquired.

The last two types of anemia are associated with a deficiency in the body of folic acid and vitamin B12, respectively. The lack of these substances leads to disruption of the normal process of maturation of red blood cells, which is enhanced in the presence of aggravating factors. Such influences include pregnancy, increased physical and mental stress, and chronic diseases.

Causes of anemia

The state of insufficient hemoglobin may accompany, each of which has its own causes and aggravating factors. But there are a number of common causes of anemia that cause disturbances in the body of a woman:

heredity;
eating disorders;
increased mental and physical stress;
some conditions accompanied by an increased need for nutrition of body cells;
negative environmental factors, ecology;
chronic diseases and their exacerbations;
transferred infectious diseases.

In women after 40 years of age, anemia can be caused by hormonal changes, a slowdown in metabolism, and the development of cancer. During this period, you should be especially attentive to your health and prevent the neglect of existing chronic ailments.

Depending on the severity and nature of the causes of anemia, the manifestation of symptoms and the method of treatment will differ. Both errors in lifestyle and nutrition, and dangerous diseases can lead to a pathological condition. Therefore, when the first suspicious signs appear, you should consult a doctor.

Symptoms of anemia

Anemia for a long time may not have pronounced symptoms, which is why it is easy to confuse it with ordinary malaise and fatigue. A number of forms of anemia have specific symptoms. There are the following common signs of anemia in women:

weakness and malaise;
increased fatigue;
decreased ability to withstand physical activity;
dizziness;
drowsiness;
changes in taste sensations;
sweating;
shortness of breath;
rapid heart rate;
difficulty in swallowing;
darkening in the eyes and fainting;
deterioration in the condition of hair and nails;
violation of the menstrual cycle;
decreased appetite.

There are also a number of specific symptoms that occur with certain types of anemia:

with posthemorrhagic anemia, pallor of the skin, low body temperature, vomiting, and digestive disorders are observed;
with an iron deficiency type, tinnitus, muscle weakness, skin peeling, cyanosis under the eyes are observed;
hypoplastic anemia is characterized by ulcers in the mouth, nose, and skin;
with a hemolytic form, there are signs of a violation of the liver, an increase in the spleen, chills;
with a deficiency of vitamins in anemia, digestive disorders, poor memory and coordination are expressed.

The severity of symptoms depends on the severity and duration of the pathological condition. Therefore, only professional diagnostics can determine the presence of a problem.

Diagnosis of anemia

If you suspect anemia, you should consult a therapist. He will prescribe a general and biochemical blood test, according to which the presence and severity of the disease will be accurately identified.

To determine the type and causes of the pathology, if necessary, an examination of the digestive tract, skin, study of heredity and medical history is performed.

The type of anemia can only be determined by a doctor based on the analysis of the collected data. Depending on the type and causes, an individual treatment strategy will be selected. In the presence of risk factors for anemia or the facts of the disease in the past, it is necessary to monitor the level of hemoglobin at least once a year.

Anemia treatment

In general, treatment is reduced to the fight against iron deficiency in the body. Sometimes a simple diet is enough for this, and in some cases serious drug therapy is necessary. An important condition for successful treatment is the elimination of the root cause of this condition.

So it comes down to this:

Determination of the cause and its elimination, therapy of the underlying disease.
Identification of the stage of anemia and the necessary degree of therapeutic intervention.
Drawing up a diet and nutrition plan.
Appointment of iron preparations and agents that improve its absorption.

Drug therapy usually takes from several months to six months. Iron-containing agents are used in different forms of release. In the most severe cases, injections are recommended.

Nutrition for anemia

Proper nutrition for anemia in women will allow you to cope with a low stage of anemia without the use of special drugs. Iron is found in both meat and plant foods. However, anemia is more common in vegetarians.

red meat (veal, beef);
beef liver;
Fish and seafood;
eggs and dairy products.

But many plant foods are rich in iron. Legumes and cereals are especially useful: buckwheat, oatmeal, wheat, barley, rice. Fruits and vegetables are useful in whole form and in freshly squeezed juices.

Of particular note are pomegranate and beetroot juices. With the latter, you need to be careful because of its high biological activity. The use of fresh juices must be agreed with a gastroenterologist.

The following types of fruits are rich in iron:

apples;
grape;
pomegranate;
peaches;
citrus;
persimmon.

Useful foods include red and orange vegetables: beets, carrots, pumpkins, tomatoes. Berries, nuts and dried fruits are also recommended. It is advisable to use herbal or berry tea, and refuse coffee altogether.

You can not eat junk food, fried, spicy and fatty. It is necessary to adhere to the general recommendations of a healthy diet and lifestyle. It must be remembered that for the absorption of iron entering the body, a sufficient amount of vitamins is necessary. The main vitamins involved in metabolic processes include folic acid, vitamin C, as well as B6 and B12.

Vitamin C plays an important role in the normal functioning of the immune system. Its sources are not only citrus fruits, but also rose hips, greens, cabbage, currants, sea buckthorn, viburnum, kiwi.

Folk remedies for the treatment of anemia

Folk remedies for the treatment of anemia are designed to raise the level of hemoglobin and improve the absorption of iron. They cannot cure serious diseases that are the causes of the disease state. Therefore, they are used as a supplement that increases the effectiveness of the main treatment.

Strawberry infusion. It is made from dried berries, which are poured with a glass of boiling water and infused for several hours. After that, it is used once a day.
Garlic tincture is made on alcohol, therefore it is not suitable for women during pregnancy and lactation, as well as for children. Garlic has a high biological activity, strengthens the immune system and improves metabolism. A mixture of garlic and alcohol is infused for 3 weeks, after which 15-20 drops are taken, dissolved in a glass of milk.
Decoction of wild rose in any form. You can brew self-picked berries or purchase ready-made tea for brewing at the pharmacy.
Oatmeal decoction. Groats are boiled at the rate of a glass per liter of water to a mass similar to jelly. After that, it is filtered, diluted with milk and boiled again. Before use, honey is added to it. You need to take not all at once, but two to three times during the day.

Dangerous consequences of anemia

As a result of a long-term pathological condition, negative health consequences of anemia are possible, even if its degree is low:

lowered immunity and frequent illnesses;
insomnia;
susceptibility to stress, emotional instability;
frequent inflammation of the mucous membranes;
puffiness;
disruption of the heart and blood vessels;
liver disease;
digestive problems;
oxygen starvation of the brain;
dry skin, brittle nails and hair.

These are the consequences of directly reduced hemoglobin. It must also be remembered that this condition can be caused by serious systemic disorders. Therefore, the lack of treatment will lead to their aggravation and in some cases can cause irreversible deterioration in health.

For women, anemia is a common phenomenon, especially often accompanying pregnancy, and gynecological diseases. Anemia is dangerous for its consequences, especially during pregnancy. At the first signs of pathology, it is necessary to correct the diet and lifestyle. Control of these two aspects is the best way to prevent. It is also necessary to lead a healthy lifestyle with sufficient physical activity and to be in the fresh air more often.

Anemia is one of the most common and dangerous diseases. Some varieties of this disease are hereditary. However, most often this condition indicates the development of a serious disease. So, anemia - what is it? This is a group of pathological abnormalities characterized by a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood. This condition is usually associated with iron deficiency in the human body.

Symptoms of anemia

The disease can be identified by the following signs:

pale skin color;

pallor of the mucous membrane of the eyes;

headache;

chills, weakness;

noise in ears;

apathy, fatigue;

violation of the menstrual cycle;

nausea, lack of appetite;

constipation, bloating;

Anemia is a disease requiring urgent treatment. If this disease is started, it can develop into a chronic form. In this case, there is a violation of the functioning of the nervous system and a mental disorder.

Anemia: what is it and what are the causes of the disease?

Pregnant children of younger age are most disposed to this condition. One of the main causes of anemia is significant blood loss. They can be provoked by extensive uterine, gastric, nasal, and surgical bleeding. Anemia can also be caused by diseases of the digestive system of a chronic or acute form, in which the function of iron absorption is impaired. In addition, strict diets, vegetarianism, malnutrition can also lead to a decrease in hemoglobin in the blood.

Everyone should know about such a disease as anemia: what it is, causes, symptoms of the disease. Only in this case it is possible to prevent serious consequences.

Degrees of anemia

The disease is divided into three main degrees.

mild anemia

In this case, the disease is characterized by a slight decrease in hemoglobin, its rate is 90-110 g / l in women and 100-120 g / l in men. The treatment for this anemia is to increase the intake of iron-rich foods.

Moderate anemia

In such a situation, the hemoglobin level drops to 70-80 g / l. Treatment in this case, in addition to diet, should include drug therapy.

severe anemia

This condition is considered life threatening. The degree is quite significant - 70 g / l and below. With this indicator, hospitalization and treatment under the supervision of a specialist is required.

Treatment of the disease

Anemia, what it is and what are its signs - you now know. Now we learn about the principles of treatment of this disease.

The main means of self-treatment and prevention of the onset of the disease is nutrition based on beets, carrots, pumpkins, turnips, celery, meat products, eggs.

Therapy of anemia, first of all, consists in treating the disease that led to this condition.

To normalize the level of hemoglobin, it is used together with ascorbic acid. Also, folic acid injections administered simultaneously with B vitamins have a positive result. In especially severe cases, a blood transfusion may be required.

At the first sign of anemia, you should consult a doctor. The doctor will make the correct diagnosis and prescribe the appropriate treatment. Following all the recommendations, you will save your health, and in some cases, life.

Anemia (grch.αναιμία-anemia) is a clinical and hematological syndrome, which is characterized by a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood, with a decrease in the number of red blood cells.

Anemia: causes and development factors

The main causes of anemia include:

The nature of nutrition. With insufficient intake of iron-containing foods, iron deficiency anemia can develop, this is more common in populations where there is already a high level of nutritional anemia. Anemia can be caused by a diet deficient in iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, or vitamin C.
Violation of the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. As a rule, in this case, anemia develops, which is accompanied by kidney disease, protein depletion, endocrine insufficiency, chronic infections and oncological diseases.
Hemolysis. This is the destruction or shortening of the life span of red blood cells. Normally, erythrocytes live for 4 months, however, with some pathological processes, their lifespan can be significantly reduced. The main cause of hemolysis is a violation of the functions of red blood cells or their defect. In some cases, the cause of hemolysis is the pathology of the spleen.
Violation of the gastrointestinal tract (with violations of the absorption process). Since the absorption of iron occurs in the stomach and upper small intestine, if the absorption process is disturbed, the mucous membrane of the digestive tract develops anemia.
Chronic blood loss(gastrointestinal bleeding, nosebleeds, hemoptysis, hematuria, uterine bleeding). Belongs to one of the most important causes of iron deficiency.

There are also degrees of anemia, depending on the level of hemoglobin in the blood:

mild degree (hemoglobin level is above 90 g/l);
medium degree (hemoglobin level within 90-70 g/l);
severe (hemoglobin level is less than 70 g / l).

Symptoms of anemia: how the disease manifests itself

Symptoms of anemia vary depending on the type of anemia. Common symptoms of anemia include:

weakness, a significant decrease in performance;
increased fatigue, irritability, drowsiness for no apparent reason;
headaches, tinnitus, flashing "flies" before the eyes, dizziness;
dysuric disorders;
geophagy (irresistible desire to eat chalk or lime);
trophic disorders of hair, skin, nails;
pain in the region of the heart of the type of angina pectoris;
fainting, tinnitus;
muscle weakness, body aches.

In elderly patients with coronary heart disease, with anemia, there is an increase in angina attacks, even after a little physical exertion.

Specific symptoms of different types of anemia:

Iron-deficiency anemia. For iron deficiency anemia, a characteristic parorexia (desire to use ice, paper, earth). Also, patients have concave nails (koilonychia), inflammation of the tongue and cracks in the corners of the mouth.
B12 deficiency anemia. This form of anemia is often manifested by tingling in the limbs (arms and legs), a staggering gait, stiffness in movement, a low sense of touch, impaired thinking, and occasional hallucinations. In severe cases, paranoia and even schizophrenic disorders may develop.
Anemia caused by lead poisoning. In this case, the patient has dark blue lines on the gums, severe abdominal pain and nausea.
Chronic destruction of red blood cells. This condition is characterized by emerging jaundice, redness of urine, ulcers on the legs. Children suffering from chronic destruction of red blood cells are late in development. Often, pathology is accompanied by the formation of stones in the gallbladder.
Sickle cell anemia. This form of anemia is usually accompanied by weakness, paroxysmal pain in the joints and abdominal cavity.

Patient response to anemia

Patients with anemia should include more green vegetables, lettuce, herbs, grains in their diet to get enough iron and folic acid. It is important not to drink caffeinated beverages, especially with meals, as caffeine interferes with iron absorption.

If anemia is suspected, an urgent need to consult a doctor, as anemia can reduce the immune functions of the body, provoke a breakdown, and significantly reduce performance.

Diagnosis of anemia

Methods for diagnosing anemia:

examination by a doctor with anamnesis;
laboratory diagnostics. Carrying out a general clinical blood test with the obligatory determination of: the number of erythrocytes, the number of reticulocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, the average volume of erythrocytes (MCV), the width of the distribution of erythrocytes by volume (RDW), the average content of hemoglobin in an erythrocyte (MCH), the average concentration of hemoglobin in an erythrocyte ( MCHC), leukocyte count, platelet count.

The tactics of treatment is determined depending on the type of anemia and the reasons that caused it.

For pregnant women, in order to prevent and treat anemia, the doctor prescribes iron supplements and folic acid.

Complications of anemia

In rare cases, iron deficiency anemia can lead to complications in the form of hypoxic coma, which can lead to death in the case of a chronic course of the disease without treatment or with acute blood loss.

Prevention of anemia

In order to prevent the development of anemia, iron-rich foods (whole grain bread, beans, green vegetables, lettuce, herbs, red lean meat) should be included in the diet.

It is also necessary to avoid prolonged contact with toxic substances, chemical agents, oil products, etc.

A person's condition, characterized by a low level of hemoglobin in the blood, is called anemia. Symptoms, causes and principles of treatment of this pathology will be considered in the article.

General information

This disease, anemia (another name is anemia), may be independent, or may be a concomitant symptom or complication of other ailments or conditions. The provoking factors and the mechanism for the development of pathology in each case are different. Anemia occurs due to insufficient supply of oxygen to the internal organs. Oxygen supply is disrupted due to insufficient production of red blood cells.

If we turn to specific figures, then anemia is diagnosed when the amount of hemoglobin drops below 120 g / l in women and children from 6 to 14 years old, 130 g / l - in men, 110 g / l - in children from 6 months to 6 years.

Different degrees of anemia are also distinguished (depending on the level of the same hemoglobin):

Light - the level of hemoglobin is 90 g / l.

Severe - the level of hemoglobin falls below 70 g / l.

Causes of anemia

The provoking factors in the development of this pathology are most often:

Growth of the body against the background of intense physical activity (sports) associated with a lack of sun and an unbalanced diet.

The appearance of the first menstruation in a girl. During this period, the body is rebuilt to a new mode of operation.

The presence of gastritis with low acidity, intestinal diseases, surgery on the gastrointestinal tract.

Worm intoxication that inhibits the production of red blood cells and hematopoiesis. Children are more susceptible to this condition.

Pregnancy, during which the metabolism changes, and the woman's body's need for iron, as well as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, calcium and vitamins, increases several times.

Periodic bleeding: heavy menstruation (occurs with uterine fibromyoma, inflammation of the appendages), internal blood loss (with hemorrhoids, stomach ulcers). In this case, relative anemia occurs, in which the level of formed elements, which include hemoglobin and iron, proportionally decreases in the blood composition.

It is from the correct identification of the causes of the pathology that depends on how effective the treatment will be. Anemia is a serious condition that requires timely and adequate therapy.

Symptoms

Most often, a person is not aware of the development of anemia. You can suspect it if you have the following symptoms:

What else is characteristic of anemia? Signs may be supplemented by the following violations:

hair loss, lack of shine;

fragility of nails;

cracks in the corners of the mouth;

the appearance of strange addictions (for example, people like to eat chalk, inhale the smell of paint and varnishes, etc.).

Anemia classification

Depending on the causes that caused the pathology, there are several types of anemia. Let's take a closer look at each of them.

Iron-deficiency anemia

This form of the disease is the most common. The disease develops due to impaired hemoglobin synthesis due to iron deficiency. The causes of anemia of this form are chronic blood loss, impaired absorption of iron in the intestine, insufficient intake of this substance with food. Young children, women of reproductive age and pregnant women are more susceptible to this pathology.

In this case, anemia has the following symptoms: dizziness, flies before the eyes, tinnitus. Also, the disease is manifested by dryness and pallor of the skin. Nails become brittle, layered, flat. Some patients feel a burning sensation of the tongue.

Therapy consists, first of all, in eliminating the cause of iron deficiency (treatment of pathologies of the digestive tract, surgical treatment of intestinal tumors, uterine fibroids). In order to normalize the level of hemoglobin, iron preparations are prescribed in combination with vitamin C (Aktiferrin, Iradian, Tardiferon, Ferromed, Ferrum Lek, Ferroplex).

B12 deficiency anemia

In this case, anemia causes insufficient intake of vitamin B12 in the body or a violation of its absorption. Most often, this phenomenon occurs in older people. The provoking factors for the development of B12-deficiency anemia are the presence of gastritis, severe enteritis, infection with worms, and stomach surgery.

Anemia (anemia) of this type is manifested by weakness, fatigue, palpitations during physical activity. The tongue becomes "polished", there is a burning sensation in it. The skin becomes icteric. Often, B12 deficiency anemia can only be detected through a blood test. Over time, the nervous system is affected. In addition to red blood cells, the disease also affects white blood cells and platelets - their level in the body decreases. What treatment is needed? In this case, they try to overcome anemia by taking vitamin B12 preparations ("Cyanocobalamin", "Hydroxycobalamin") and enzyme medicines ("Pancreatin").

Posthemorrhagic anemia

Post-hemorrhagic anemia develops due to the loss of a large amount of blood. As a result, there is a lack of oxygen in the tissues. Posthemorrhagic anemia, depending on the rate of blood loss, is acute and chronic. Acute injury, bleeding from internal organs, most often this occurs due to damage to the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, uterus, heart cavities, complications of pregnancy and childbirth. The development of chronic anemia is associated with a growing lack of iron in the body due to prolonged, often recurring bleeding due to rupture of the vascular walls.

Posthemorrhagic anemia has the following symptoms: pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, fatigue, ringing in the ears, shortness of breath, dizziness, palpitations even with little physical activity. Often there is a decrease in blood pressure. Severe blood loss can provoke fainting and the onset of collapse. Bleeding gastric, as a rule, is accompanied by vomiting (vomit has a bloody or coffee color).

Therapy of post-hemorrhagic anemia consists, first of all, in stopping the bleeding; in case of large blood loss, an urgent blood transfusion is necessary. After that, iron preparations (Ferro-gradument, Hemofer) and combined agents (Aktiferrin, Irovit, Heferol) are shown for a long time.

folate deficiency anemia

Folic acid is a complex compound that is directly involved in DNA synthesis and hematopoiesis. The absorption of this substance occurs in the upper part of the small intestine. The causes of folic acid deficiency anemia are divided into two groups: lack of intake of folic acid from food; violation of its digestibility and transportation to the hematopoietic organs. Pregnant women, children with alcoholism, people who have undergone surgery on the small intestine are more susceptible to pathology such as folic deficiency anemia.

Symptoms of the disease are expressed in damage to the hematopoietic tissue, digestive ("polished" tongue, burning sensation in it, decreased gastric secretion) and nervous (fatigue, weakness) systems. There is also an increase in the liver, spleen, mild jaundice is noted.

For the treatment of the disease, folic acid and combined agents with vitamin B and iron supplements (Ferretab Comp, Gino-Tardiferon, Ferro Folgamma, Maltofer Fall) are prescribed.

Folk methods for the treatment of anemia

If you find the first signs of anemia, you should immediately consult a doctor. Based on the results of the examination and blood test, the specialist will prescribe the necessary treatment. Therapeutic methods depend on the type and degree of anemia. Alternative medicine recipes can be used as additional methods of treatment (but not the main ones!)

The most effective of them are:

Grate radish, carrots, beets. Squeeze the juice from the roots and combine in equal quantities in a dark glass container. Cover the dish with a lid (not tight). Put the container in the oven for languishing over low heat for three hours. The resulting remedy is taken three times a day, a tablespoon before meals. The treatment course lasts three months.

To normalize the condition with a strong breakdown, it is recommended to mix garlic with honey and take the resulting composition before meals.

Mix fresh aloe juice (150 ml), honey (250 ml), Cahors wine (350 ml). Drink the remedy before meals in a tablespoon three times a day.

Put peeled garlic (300 g) in a half-liter bottle, pour alcohol (96%) and infuse for three weeks. Three times a day, take 20 drops of the resulting tincture, mixed with ½ cup of milk.

Pour oats or oatmeal (1 cup) with water (5 cups) and cook until the consistency of liquid jelly. Strain the broth and combine with the same amount of milk (about 2 cups) and boil again. Drink the resulting drink in a warm or cooled form during the day for 2-3 doses.

Prevention of anemia

Diet for anemia plays no less a role than proper treatment. Also, good nutrition is the basis for the prevention of anemia. It is very important to regularly consume foods that contain vitamins and trace elements necessary for the process of hematopoiesis.

Most iron is found in beef tongue, pork and beef liver, rabbit and turkey meat, sturgeon caviar, buckwheat, wheat, oatmeal, barley groats, blueberries, peaches.

Less iron in chicken meat, lamb, beef, eggs, semolina, pink salmon, mackerel, apples, persimmons, pears, spinach, sorrel.

In addition, it is necessary to include in your daily diet products that promote the absorption of this trace element: eggplant, broccoli, zucchini, corn, cabbage, beets, pumpkin, herbs, dried fruits.