How many hee are on the cob of corn. Bread units for diabetes: how much you can and how to calculate them correctly

For daily control of the amount of carbohydrates in the menu, the so-called bread unit - XE is used. It allows you to reduce the whole variety of carbohydrate foods to a common evaluation system: how much sugar will enter the human blood after eating. Based on the XE values ​​​​for each product, a diabetic's daily menu is compiled.

What is a bread unit XE?

The use of bread units in product calculations was proposed by the German nutritionist Karl Noorden in the early 20th century.

Bread or carbohydrate unit - the amount of carbohydrates that requires 2 units of insulin for its absorption. At the same time, 1 XE increases sugar by 2.8 mmol / l.

One bread unit can contain from 10 to 15 g of digestible carbohydrates. The exact value of the indicator, 10 or 15 g of sugar in 1 XE, depends on the accepted medical standards in the country. For example,

• Russian doctors believe that 1XE is equal to 10-12 g of carbohydrates (10 g - excluding dietary fiber in the product, 12 g - including fibers),
• in the USA 1XE equals 15 g of sugars.

Bread units are a rough estimate. For example, one bread unit contains 10 g of sugar. And also one bread unit is equal to a piece of bread 1 cm thick, cut off from a standard “brick” loaf.

You need to know that the ratio of 1XE for 2 units of insulin is also approximate and differs by time of day. To assimilate the same bread unit in the morning, you need 2 units of insulin, at lunch - 1.5, and in the evening - only 1.

How many bread units does a person need?

The rate of use of XE depends on the lifestyle of a person.

• With heavy physical labor or to replenish body weight with dystrophy, up to 30 XE per day is necessary.
• With moderate labor and normal physiological weight - up to 25 XE per day.
• With sedentary work - up to 20 XE.
• For patients with diabetes - up to 15 XE (some medical recommendations allow diabetics up to 20 XE).
• With obesity - up to 10 XE per day.

Most of the carbohydrates should be eaten in the morning. A diabetic is recommended a fractional five meals a day. This allows you to reduce the amount of sugar that is absorbed into the bloodstream after each meal (a large amount of carbohydrates at a time will lead to a jump in blood glucose).

• Breakfast - 4 XE.
• Lunch - 2 XE.
• Lunch - 4-5 XE.
• Afternoon snack - 2 XE.
• Dinner - 3-4 XE.
• Before going to bed - 1-2 XE.

There are two types of diets for diabetics:

1. balanced - recommends the use of 15-20 XE per day. It is a balanced diet that is recommended by most nutritionists and doctors who observe the course of the disease.
2. - characterized by an extremely low consumption of carbohydrates, up to 2 XE per day. However, recommendations for a low-carbohydrate diet are relatively new. Observation of patients on this diet indicates positive results and improvement, but so far this type of diet has not been confirmed by the results of official medicine.

Diet for Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Differences

• Type 1 diabetes is accompanied by damage to beta cells, they stop producing insulin. With type 1 diabetes, it is necessary to correctly calculate the XE and the dose of insulin that must be injected before meals. At the same time, there is no need to control the number of calories and limit the consumption of high-calorie foods. Only foods with a high are limited (they are quickly absorbed and cause a sharp increase in sugar - sweet juice, jam, sugar, cake, pastry).
• Type 2 diabetes is not accompanied by beta cell death. In type 2 disease, there are beta cells, and they work with overload. Therefore, the diet of type 2 diabetics limits the intake of carbohydrate foods in order to give beta cells a long-awaited rest and stimulate weight loss in the patient. In this case, both the amount of XE and the calorie content are calculated.

Caloric intake for diabetes

Most patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes are overweight.

By itself, the caloric content of food does not affect the amount of sugar in the blood. Therefore, with normal weight, it can be ignored.

The daily calorie intake also depends on lifestyle and varies from 1500 to 3000 kcal. How to calculate the number of calories needed?

1. We determine the basal metabolic rate (OO) according to the formula
   • For men: OO \u003d 66 + weight, kg * 13.7 + height, cm * 5 - age * 6.8.
   • For women: OO \u003d 655 + weight, kg * 9.6 + height, cm * 1.8 - age * 4.7
2. The resulting value of the OO coefficient is multiplied by the lifestyle coefficient:
   • Very high activity - OO * 1.9.
   • High activity - OO * 1.725.
   • Average activity - OO * 1.55.
   • Low activity - OO * 1.375.
   • Low activity - OO * 1.2.
   • If you need to lose weight, the daily calorie intake is reduced by 10-20% of the optimal value.

Let's take an example. For an average office worker weighing 80 kg, 170 cm tall, 45 years old, diabetic and leading a sedentary lifestyle, the calorie intake will be 2045 kcal. If he goes to the gym, then the daily caloric intake of his food will increase to 2350 kcal. If you need to lose weight, the daily rate is reduced to 1600-1800 kcal.

Let's take an example.
On a package of sour cream weighing 450 g, the calorie content is 158 kcal and the carbohydrate content is 2.8 g per 100 g. We recalculate the number of calories per package weight of 450 g.
158 * 450 / 100 = 711 kcal
Similarly, we recalculate the content of carbohydrates in the package:
2.8 * 450 / 100 = 12.6 g or 1XE
That is, the product is low-carbohydrate, but at the same time high-calorie.

Table of bread units

We give the XE value for the most commonly used types of products and ready meals.

*Animal protein (meat, fish) does not contain carbohydrates. Therefore, the number of XE in it is zero. The exception is those meat dishes, in the preparation of which carbohydrates were additionally used. For example, soaked bread or semolina is often added to minced meat.

Table - XE in finished products and dishes

Hope this article helps someone!

What are Bread Units and what are they "eaten" with?

When compiling a daily menu, you should consider only those foods that increase blood sugar levels. In a healthy person, the pancreas produces the required amount of insulin in response to food intake. As a result, blood sugar levels do not rise. In diabetes, in order to maintain an optimal level of sugar in the blood, we are forced to administer insulin (or hypoglycemic drugs) from the outside, independently changing the dose depending on what and how much the person ate. That is why it is important to learn how to correctly count those foods that increase blood sugar.

How to do it?

It is not necessary to weigh food every time! Scientists studied the products and compiled a table of their carbohydrate content or Bread Units - XE for people with diabetes.

For 1 XE, the amount of a product that contains 10 g of carbohydrates is taken. In other words, according to the XE system, those products that belong to the group of raising blood sugar levels are calculated - these are

Cereals (bread, buckwheat, oats, millet, barley, rice, pasta, vermicelli),
fruits and fruit juices,
milk, kefir and other liquid dairy products (except low-fat cottage cheese),
as well as some varieties of vegetables - potatoes, corn (beans and peas - in large quantities).
but of course, chocolate, cookies, sweets - certainly limited in the daily diet, lemonade and pure sugar - should be strictly limited in the diet and used only in case of hypoglycemia (lowering blood sugar).

The degree of cooking will also affect the level of sugar in the blood. So, for example, mashed potatoes will raise blood sugar levels faster than boiled or fried potatoes. Apple juice gives a faster rise in blood sugar compared to the eaten apple, as well as polished rice than unpolished. Fats and cold foods slow down the absorption of glucose, while salt speeds it up.

For the convenience of compiling a diet, there are special tables of Bread Units, which provide data on the amount of various carbohydrate-containing foods containing 1 XE (I will give below).

It is very important to learn how to determine the amount of XE in the foods you eat!

There are a number of foods that do not affect blood sugar levels:

these are vegetables - any kind of cabbage, radishes, carrots, tomatoes, cucumbers, red and green peppers (with the exception of potatoes and corn),

greens (sorrel, dill, parsley, lettuce, etc.), mushrooms,

butter and vegetable oil, mayonnaise and lard,

as well as fish, meat, poultry, eggs and their products, cheese and cottage cheese,

nuts in a small amount (up to 50 g).

A slight rise in sugar is given by beans, peas and beans in a small amount for garnish (up to 7 tbsp. L)

How many meals should be in a day?

There must be 3 main meals, and intermediate meals are also possible, the so-called snacks from 1 to 3, i.e. there can be 6 meals in total. When using ultrashort insulins (Novorapid, Humalog), snacking is possible. This is acceptable if there is no hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) when skipping a snack.

In order to correlate the amount of digestible carbohydrates consumed with the dose of short-acting insulin administered,

developed a system of grain units.

• 1XE \u003d 10-12 g of digestible carbohydrates
• For 1 XE, from 1 to 4 IU of short (food) insulin is required
• On average, 2 units of short-acting insulin are used for 1 XE.
• Everyone has their own need for insulin per 1 XE.
  Identify it with a self-monitoring diary
• Bread units should be counted by eye, without weighing products

To do this, you need to return to the topic "Rational nutrition", calculate the daily calorie content of your diet, taking 55 or 60% of it, determine the number of kilocalories that should come with carbohydrates.
Then, dividing this value by 4 (since 1g of carbohydrates provides 4 kcal), we get the daily amount of carbohydrates in grams. Knowing that 1 XE is equal to 10 grams of carbohydrates, we divide the received daily amount of carbohydrates by 10 and get the daily amount of XE.

For example, if you are a man and work physically at a construction site, then your daily calorie intake is 1800 kcal,

60% of it is 1080 kcal. Dividing 1080 kcal by 4 kcal, we get 270 grams of carbohydrates.

Dividing 270 grams by 12 grams, we get 22.5 XE.

For a woman working physically - 1200 - 60% \u003d 720: 4 \u003d 180: 12 \u003d 15 XE

The standard for an adult woman and not to gain weight is 12 XE. Breakfast - 3XE, lunch - 3XE, dinner - 3XE and snacks for 1 XE

How to distribute these units during the day?

Given the presence of 3 main meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner), the bulk of carbohydrates should be distributed between them,

taking into account the principles of rational nutrition (more - in the first half of the day, less - in the evening)

and, of course, according to your appetite.

It should be borne in mind that it is not recommended to eat more than 7 XE at one meal, since the more carbohydrates you eat at one meal, the higher the rise in glycemia will be and the dose of short insulin will increase.

And the dose of short, “food”, insulin, administered once, should not be more than 14 units.

Thus, the approximate distribution of carbohydrates between main meals can be as follows:

• 3 XE for breakfast (for example, oatmeal - 4 tablespoons (2 XE); cheese or meat sandwich (1 XE); unsweetened cottage cheese with green tea or coffee with sweeteners).
• Lunch - 3 XE: fresh cabbage soup with sour cream (do not count by XE) with 1 slice of bread (1 XE), pork chop or fish with vegetable salad in vegetable oil, without potatoes, corn and legumes (do not count by XE), mashed potatoes - 4 tablespoons (2 XE), a glass of unsweetened compote
• Dinner - 3 XE: vegetable omelet from 3 eggs and 2 tomatoes (do not count by XE) with 1 slice of bread (1 XE), sweet yogurt 1 glass (2 XE).

Thus, a total of 9 XE is obtained. “Where are the other 3 XEs?” - you ask.

The rest of the XE can be used for the so-called snacks between main meals and at night. For example, 2 XE in the form of 1 banana can be eaten 2.5 hours after breakfast, 1 XE in the form of an apple - 2.5 hours after dinner and 1 XE at night, at 22.00, when you inject your "night" long-acting insulin .

The break between breakfast and lunch should be 5 hours, as well as between lunch and dinner.

After the main meal, after 2.5 hours there should be a snack = 1 XE each

Are intermediate and bedtime meals required for all people who inject insulin?

Not required for everyone. Everything is individual and depends on your insulin regimen. Very often one has to deal with such a situation when people have a hearty breakfast or lunch and do not want to eat at all 3 hours after eating, but, mindful of the recommendations to have a snack at 11.00 and 16.00, they forcibly “stuff” XE into themselves and catch up with glucose levels.

Intermediate meals are mandatory for those who have an increased risk of hypoglycemia 3 hours after a meal. This usually happens when, in addition to short insulin, prolonged insulin is administered in the morning, and the larger its dose, the more likely hypoglycemia is at this time (the time of layering of the maximum action of short insulin and the onset of action of prolonged insulin).

After lunch, when prolonged insulin is at its peak and overlaps with the peak of action of short-acting insulin administered before lunch, the likelihood of hypoglycemia also increases, and 1-2 XEs are needed to prevent it. At night, at 22-23.00, when you inject prolonged insulin, a snack in the amount of 1-2 XE ( slowly digestible) for the prevention of hypoglycemia is needed if glycemia at this time is less than 6.3 mmol / l.

With glycemia above 6.5-7.0 mmol / l, a snack at night can lead to morning hyperglycemia, since there is not enough "night" insulin.
Intermediate meals designed to prevent hypoglycemia during the day and at night should be no more than 1-2 XE, otherwise you will get hyperglycemia instead of hypoglycemia.
For intermediate meals taken for prophylactic purposes in an amount of not more than 1-2 XE, insulin is not additionally administered.

Much and in detail is said about bread units.
But why do you need to be able to count them? Consider an example.

Let's say you have a glucometer and you measure glycemia before eating. For example, you, as always, injected 12 units of insulin prescribed by a doctor, ate a bowl of cereal and drank a glass of milk. Yesterday you also injected the same dose and ate the same porridge and drank the same milk, and tomorrow you must do the same.

Why? Because as soon as you deviate from the usual diet, your glycemic indicators immediately change, and they are not ideal anyway. If you are a literate person and know how to count XE, then you are not afraid of changing the diet. Knowing that for 1 XE, on average, there are 2 units of short insulin and being able to count XE, you can vary the composition of the diet, and therefore the dose of insulin, at your discretion, without compromising diabetes compensation. This means that today you can eat porridge for breakfast for 4 XE (8 tablespoons), 2 slices of bread (2 XE) with cheese or meat and add 12 units of short insulin to these 6 XE and get a good result of glycemia.

Tomorrow morning, if you have no appetite, you can limit yourself to a cup of tea with 2 sandwiches (2 XU) and inject only 4 units of short insulin, and still get a good glycemic result. That is, the system of bread units helps to inject exactly as much short-acting insulin as is necessary for the absorption of carbohydrates, no more (which is fraught with hypoglycemia) and no less (which is fraught with hyperglycemia), and maintain good diabetes compensation.

Products that can be consumed without restriction

all vegetables except potatoes and corn

- cabbage (all types)
- cucumbers
- leaf lettuce
- greens
- tomatoes
- pepper
- zucchini
- eggplant
- beet
- carrot
- string beans
- radish, radish, turnip - green peas (young)
- spinach, sorrel
- mushrooms
- tea, coffee without sugar and cream
- mineral water
- drinks with sweeteners

Vegetables can be consumed raw, boiled, baked, pickled.

The use of fats (butter, mayonnaise, sour cream) in the preparation of vegetable dishes should be minimal.

Foods to eat in moderation

- lean meat
- lean fish
- milk and dairy products (low-fat)
- cheeses less than 30% fat
- cottage cheese less than 5% fat
- potato
- corn
- mature grains of legumes (peas, beans, lentils)
- cereals
- pasta
- bread and bakery products (not rich)
- fruit
- eggs

"Moderate" means half of your usual serving.

Foods to Avoid or Limit as Much as Possible

- butter
- vegetable oil*
- salo
- sour cream, cream
- cheeses with more than 30% fat content
- cottage cheese more than 5% fat
- mayonnaise
- fatty meat, smoked meats
- sausages
- oily fish
- bird skin
- canned meat, fish and vegetable in oil
- nuts, seeds
- sugar, honey
- jams, jams
- sweets, chocolate
- pastries, cakes and other confectionery
- biscuits, pastry products
- ice cream
- sweet drinks (Coca-Cola, Fanta)
- alcoholic drinks

If possible, such a method of cooking as frying should be excluded.
Try to use utensils that allow you to cook food without adding fat.

* - vegetable oil is a necessary part of the daily diet, but it is enough to consume it in very small quantities.

Calculation of the amount of XE in the finished product:

The calculation of bread units of a product in factory packaging is very simple.

All factory products indicate the amount of carbohydrates in 100 g of products,

which must be divided by 12 and multiplied by the weight of the package.

We get the number of XE in this product package. Then we simply divide by XE

To calculate bread units in a restaurant or in a home kitchen, you need: a recipe for a cooked dish, a table of bread units, a calculator.

For example, we took 9 tablespoons of flour (1 tablespoon = 1 bread unit, 9 in total), 1 glass of milk (1 bread unit), 1 tablespoon of sunflower oil (no XE), 1 egg (no XE). Made 10 pancakes. So 1 pancake = 1 bread unit.

Or, for example, one cutlet (70 g) consists of meat and bread, rolled out in flour and sprinkled with breadcrumbs. It turns out that one cutlet \u003d 1 bread unit.

Thus, summing up, we can conclude that nutrition in diabetes is not the maximum restriction of everything edible, as it seems at first glance.

Such food can be not only healthy and dietary, but also tasty and varied!

Table of bread units

These are just the basics! Take care of yourself and your loved ones!

In order to make it easier for a patient with diagnosed diabetes to control the amount of carbohydrates consumed, to correctly calculate the dosage of insulin injections and the calorie content of meals, there are special conditional bread units that were developed by German nutritionists.

The calculation of bread units allows you to control the level of glycemia in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, normalize carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, the correct preparation of the menu for patients helps to achieve compensation for the disease, reduce the risk of complications.

What is 1 bread unit, how to correctly convert carbohydrates into this value and how to calculate it for type 1 and type 2 diabetes, how much insulin is needed for the absorption of 1 XE? One XE corresponds to 10 g of carbohydrates, without the content of dietary fiber and 12 g, including dietary fiber. Eating 1 unit causes an increase in glycemia by 2.7 mmol / l, 1.5 units of insulin are required to absorb this amount of glucose.

Having an idea of ​​how much a dish contains XE, you can correctly compose a daily balanced diet, calculate the necessary dosage of the hormone in order to prevent sugar spikes. You can diversify the menu as much as possible, some products are replaced by others that have identical indicators.

How to correctly count bread food units for type 1 and type 2 diabetes, how much is allowed to be consumed per XE day? A unit corresponds to one small piece of bread weighing 25 g. Indicators of other foods can be found in the table of bread units, which should always be at hand in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.

Patients are allowed to eat 18-25 XE per day, depending on the total body weight, the intensity of physical activity. Food should be fractional, you need to eat up to 5 times a day in small portions. For breakfast, you need to eat 4 XE, and for lunch, an evening meal should be no more than 1-2, since a person spends more energy during the day. It is unacceptable to exceed 7 XE per meal. If it is difficult to refrain from sweets, then it is best to eat them in the morning or before sports.

Online calculator

The calculation of bread units in ready-made meals and food for patients with type 2 diabetes can be done using an online calculator. Here you can choose dishes, drinks, fruits and desserts, see their calorie content, the amount of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, calculate the total amount of XE per meal.

When calculating bread units for compilation using a calculator, it is necessary to take into account the oil that is added to salads or during frying of foods. Do not forget about milk, on which porridge is cooked, for example.

XE content in fruits and vegetables

It is recommended to add as many fresh vegetables as possible to the diet of a diabetic, as these products contain a large amount of essential vitamins, minerals, vegetable fiber, and some carbohydrates. Unsweetened fruits are rich in pectin, micro, macro elements. In addition, these foods have a low glycemic index. To find out how many bread units are contained in 100 g of watermelon, melon, cherries, blueberries, gooseberries, tangerines, raspberries, peaches, 100 g of blueberries, plums, shadberry, strawberries, you need to look at their value in the XE table of products for type 1 and type 2 diabetes . Bananas, grapes, raisins, figs, melons contain a large amount of carbohydrates, so patients should refrain from eating them.

Table of bread units contained in fruits for dietary planning for type 1 and type 2 diabetics:

The most complete vegetable table of bread units of all products:

XE content in dairy products

If you have diabetes, you need to eat low-fat dairy products that do not contain sugar. One glass of milk is equal to 1 XE. You can find out how many bread units are contained in cottage cheese, cheeses, yogurt from the carbohydrate calculation table, XE for diabetics.

Table of bread units of fermented milk products:

Milk is a healthy food product as it contains proteins, vitamins and minerals. These substances are necessary for the body to grow muscle tissue, strengthen the structure of the bones of the skeleton, teeth. Children especially need it. Diabetics are allowed to consume a fat-free product. It should be noted that goat's milk is much fatter than cow's. But it is useful for the normalization of intestinal peristalsis, strengthening the immune system.

Another useful product is whey, which helps to normalize glycemia and regulates metabolic processes in the body. The use of whey helps to reduce excess weight.

Of the cheeses, it is best to use the soy product tofu. Hard varieties should be eaten in limited quantities and ensure that the fat content does not exceed 3%.

With unstable glycemia, it is better to completely abandon cream, sour cream and butter. But fat-free cottage cheese can be eaten and even necessary, but in small portions.

Meat and eggs

How many bread units are in an egg? Chicken, quail eggs do not contain carbohydrates, so this product corresponds to 0 XE. Boiled yolk contains 4 g of carbohydrates per 100 g, its XE index is 0.33. Despite the low value, eggs are quite high-calorie, they contain fats and proteins, this should be taken into account when compiling the menu.

Zero XE has lamb, beef, rabbit, bacon pork and turkey. Diabetics are advised to cook less fatty meats and fish. Preference should be given to steamed dishes baked with vegetables that have not been fried in oil. You can not combine meat products with potatoes. It is necessary to consider bread standard units taking into account oil and spices.

One sandwich with boiled pork and white contains 18 g of carbohydrates and the XE count corresponds to 1.15. Such an amount can completely replace a snack or one meal.

Various types of cereals

What is a bread unit, how much is contained in cereals and cereals, which of them can be eaten with type 1 and type 2 diabetes? The most useful cereal is buckwheat, you can cook porridge from it or add it to soup. Its benefit lies in the content of slow carbohydrates (60 g), which are gradually absorbed by the blood and do not cause sharp jumps in glycemia. XE=5 units/100 g

Very useful oatmeal, flakes (5 XE / 100 gr). Such a product is boiled or steamed with milk, you can add pieces of fruit, nuts, a little honey. You can not put sugar, muesli is prohibited.

Barley (5.4), wheat (5.5 XE / 100 g) groats have a large amount of vegetable fiber, this contributes to the normalization of digestion processes, slows down the absorption of carbohydrates in the intestines, and reduces appetite.

Prohibited cereals include rice (XE=6.17) and semolina (XE=5.8). Corn groats (5.9 XE / 100 g) are considered low-carbohydrate and easily digestible, they prevent weight gain, while containing a useful composition of vitamins and microelements.

Alcoholic drinks

Alcoholic and low-alcohol drinks are strictly prohibited for diabetics. These products cause a sharp decrease in the level of glycemia, which can lead to coma, because a person, arriving in a state of intoxication, cannot provide himself with timely help.

Light and strong beers contain 0.3 XE per 100 g.

It is important for patients with diabetes to control the amount of carbohydrates consumed, the calorie content of food, so it is necessary to calculate XE. Violation of the rules of nutrition, non-compliance with the diet can lead to serious consequences. Various complications from the heart, vascular, nervous and digestive systems develop. Hyperglycemia can cause coma, which threatens the patient with disability or death.

The value of bread units in diabetes

Any diabetic knows exactly what the so-called "bread unit" is. This is one of the most important conventional units in this type of disease, which is no less important than in diabetes mellitus and must be considered. More specifically about it, about how to calculate bread units, what effect it has on, later in the text.

The concept of a bread unit

The presented term should be considered a key one in the process of ensuring glycemic control in such a disease as diabetes mellitus. A well-calculated XE ratio in a diabetic's diet will have a strong impact on optimizing the compensation of dysfunctions in the process of carbohydrate-type metabolism.

It equals 12 grams of carbohydrates, there is no need to count this. Let's say that in one bread unit, available in a small piece of rye bread, the total mass is about 25-30 grams. Instead of the term bread unit, the definition of "carbohydrate unit" is sometimes used, which is equal to 10-12 grams of carbohydrates that are easily digested and affect insulin.

It should be noted that with some products containing a small ratio of digestible carbohydrates (less than 5 grams per 100 grams of the edible part of this product), an indispensable calculation for XE in diabetes mellitus is not required.

How to carry out calculations taking into account XE

The vast majority of vegetables can be attributed to this type of products that are useful for each of the diabetics. So, counting bread units in this case is not necessary. If necessary, scales are used for this or a special table of bread units is used.

Implementation of settlements

Firstly, it should be noted that a special calculator has been developed, which makes it possible to calculate and carry out measurements in each individual case when a bread unit is of interest.

Depending on the characteristics of the organism in diabetes mellitus, the proportionality of already taken carbohydrates and the ratio of such a hormone as insulin, which is necessary for their processing, can vary dramatically.

Let's say if the diet per day contains 300 grams of carbohydrates, then this can go in accordance with 25 XE. In addition, there are various tables with the help of which it will not be difficult to calculate this indicator.

The main thing is that all measurements are as accurate as possible.

To do this, you can use special scales, on which you should calculate the mass of a particular product and, based on this, determine what its bread unit is.

Menu planning

The most interesting thing begins when you need to make a menu based on what is known about products for diabetes. How to correctly calculate all other indicators - many are lost, but everything is extremely simple. The main thing is that special scales and a table of bread units are at hand. So the basic rules are as follows:

• it is advisable for diabetics to eat no more than seven XE for a whole meal. In this case, insulin will be produced at an optimal rate;
• consumed one XE increases the degree of concentration of glucose in the blood, as a rule, by exactly 2.5 mmol per liter. This makes measurements easier;
• one unit of such a hormone reduces the blood glucose ratio by about 2.2 mmol per liter. However, it is necessary to use and remember that there is a table of bread units every day.

It should also be remembered that for one XE, which should be considered, at different times of the day and night, a different dosage ratio is necessary. For example, in the morning, one such unit may require up to two units of insulin, at lunchtime - one and a half, and in the evening - only one.

About product groups

It is necessary to dwell separately on some groups of products that help in the process of treating the presented ailment and make it possible to keep the hormone under control. For example, dairy products, which are a source of not only calcium, but also vegetable protein.

What is the division into groups with XE

In insignificant proportions, they contain almost all groups of vitamins, and most of all those that belong to groups A and B2. With a strict adherence to the diet for diabetes, it is advisable to focus on milk and dairy products with a reduced fat ratio, which does not need to be counted. And it would be more correct to completely refuse the so-called whole milk.

Products related to cereals, such as whole grains, contain oats, barley, millet and are characterized by a more than high degree of carbohydrate concentration. In this regard, it is necessary to consider them XE.

However, their presence in the menu for diabetes is still necessary, because it makes it possible to keep the sugar content under control. In order for such products not to be harmful, you should:

1. in time to control the ratio of sugar in the blood before and after eating any food;
2. in no case exceed the desired rate for one intake of such products.

And, finally, such a group of products as vegetables, legumes and deserves special attention. They have a positive effect and control the ratio of sugar in the blood. Also, vegetables, nuts and legumes reduce the risk of various complications, for example, in the formation of cardiovascular diseases.

Also, these products, which also need to be considered, affect the enrichment of the body in diabetes with microelements such as calcium, fiber and even protein. It is recommended to take as a habit such a norm: as a kind of "snack" to eat raw vegetables.

It is advisable to try to select only vegetables with a low glycemic index and to greatly limit the use of so-called starchy vegetables. It is desirable to do this with diabetes due to the fact that it is in them that a lot of calories and carbohydrates are concentrated.

Thus, the very concept of a bread unit is important not only for diabetics, but also for ordinary people.

However, in the case of diabetes, maintaining and taking into account the presented parameter will be the key to optimal life and maintaining an ideal background. That is why it must always be kept under constant control.

Table of possible consumption of bread units per day

Calculation of bread units in any finished product

1 XE, eaten in any form, increases blood sugar by an average of 1.7 - 2 mm / l (excluding the hypoglycemic effect of drugs)

Even distribution of XE throughout the day:

Table with products and XE content

According to modern statistics, more than three million people in the Russian Federation suffer from diabetes at various stages. For such people, in addition to taking the necessary medicines, it is very important to make up their diet.

Usually, this is not the easiest process, it involves a lot of calculations. Therefore, here is how many bread units to eat per day for type 2 and type 1 diabetes. Will be compiled.

For starters, “bread units” (sometimes shortened to “XE”) are conventional carbohydrate units that were developed by nutritionists from Germany. Bread units are used to estimate the approximate content.

For example, one bread unit is equal to ten (only when dietary fiber is not taken into account) and thirteen (when all dietary fiber is taken into account) grams of carbohydrate, which is equal to 20-25 grams of ordinary bread.

Why do you need to know how many carbohydrates you can eat per day with diabetes? The main task of bread units is to provide glycemic control in diabetes. The thing is that the correctly calculated number of bread units in the diet of a diabetic improves carbohydrate metabolism in the body.

The amount of XE in food

The volume of XE can be different. It all depends on the food you eat.

For convenience, below is a list of different foods, with the content of XE in them.

Today, for each product there are pre-calculated XE content. The list above only shows the main foods.

How to correctly calculate the amount of XE?

Understanding what one bread unit is is quite simple.

If you take an average loaf of rye bread, dividing it into slices of 10 millimeters each, then one bread unit will be exactly equal to half of one slice obtained.

As mentioned, one XE can contain either 10 (only without dietary fiber) or 13 (with dietary fiber) grams of carbohydrates. Absorbing one XE, the human body consumes 1.4 units of insulin. In addition to this, one XE increases the glycemic index by 2.77 mmol / l.

A very important step is the distribution of XE for the day, or more precisely, for breakfast, lunch and dinner. About what amount of carbohydrates per day for type 2 diabetes is considered acceptable and how to properly compose the menu will be discussed.

Diet and diet menu for diabetics

There are separate food groups that will not only not harm the body with diabetes, but will also help it maintain insulin at the proper level.

Dairy products are one of the beneficial food groups for diabetics. Best of all - with a low fat content, so whole milk should be excluded from the diet.

Dairy

And the second group includes cereal products. Since they contain a lot of carbohydrates, it is worth counting their XE. Various vegetables, nuts and legumes also have a positive effect.

They reduce the risk of complications from diabetes. As for vegetables, it is better to use those that have the least amount of starch and the lowest glycemic index.

For dessert, you can try fresh berries (and best of all - cherries, gooseberries, black currants or strawberries).

In diabetes, the diet always includes fresh fruits, with the exception of some of them: watermelons, bananas, and mangoes (due to the high sugar content).

Speaking of drinks, you should give your preference to unsweetened, plain water, milk and fruit juices. Vegetable juices are also allowed, if you do not forget about them. Applying all this knowledge in practice, it is worth compiling a grocery menu, which was mentioned above.

To create a balanced menu for diabetes, you need to follow certain rules:

• the content of XE in one meal should not exceed seven units. It is at this indicator that the rate of insulin production will be the most balanced;
• one XE increases the level of sugar concentration by 2.5 mmol / l (on average);
• a unit of insulin lowers glucose by 2.2 mmol/l.

Now for the menu for the day:

• breakfast. Must contain no more than 6 XE. This can be, for example, a sandwich with meat and not very fatty cheese (1 XE), ordinary oatmeal (ten tablespoons = 5 XE), plus coffee or tea (without sugar);
• dinner. Also, it should not cross the mark of 6 XE. Cabbage soup will do (XE is not considered here, cabbage does not increase glucose levels) with one tablespoon of sour cream; two slices of black bread (this is 2 XE), meat or fish (XE not counted), mashed potatoes (four spoons = 2 XE), fresh and natural juice;
• finally dinner. No more than 5 XE. You can make an omelette (three eggs and two tomatoes, XE do not count), eat 2 slices of bread (that's 2 XE), 1 tablespoon of yogurt (again, 2 XE) and a kiwi fruit (1 XE)

If you summarize everything, then 17 bread units will be released per day. We must not forget that the daily norm of XE should never exceed 18-24 units. The remaining units of XE (from the menu proposed above) can be divided into different snacks. For example, one banana after breakfast, one apple after dinner, and one more before bed.

It is worth remembering that between the main meals you should not take a break of more than five hours. And it is better to arrange small snacks somewhere in 2-3 hours after taking the same main meal.

What should not be included in the diet?

In no case should we forget that there are products whose use in diabetes is strictly prohibited (or maximally limited).

• both butter and vegetable oils;
• milk cream, sour cream;
• fatty fish or meat, lard and smoked meats;
• cheeses with a fat content of more than 30%;
• cottage cheese with a fat content of more than 5%;
• bird skin;
• various sausages;
• canned food;
• nuts or seeds;
• all sorts of sweets, be it jam, chocolate, cakes, various cookies, ice cream and so on. Among them are sweet drinks;
• and alcohol.

Related videos

How many XE can be per day with type 2 diabetes and how to count them correctly:

Summing up, we can say that a meal with diabetes cannot be called a strict restriction, as it may seem at first. This food can and should be made not only useful for the body, but also very tasty and varied!