What does a person feel when he dies? clinical death. Last minutes of life. How to survive the last hours with a loved one? Signs of clinical death

Death is different, sometimes it is sudden in the midst of complete well-being, such a death is usually sudden, bright and tragic, but there is another death, this is death that quietly creeps up and, as it were, humbly waits at the head of its minute, this is the death of seriously decrepit old men and women, such a death is of little interest and far less has been written about her than about her first friend. Sooner or later, we all will have to face death, because "contra vim mortis non est medicamen in hortis", sometimes death has to be met not in the intensive care unit burning around the clock with all the lights, but at home, in the family circle, of course, this is in any case a very difficult event , but you should not completely lose your head, reveling in your experiences, but on the contrary, you should make the last days and hours of a loved one as comfortable as possible, how to recognize the signs that the end is already near and help the dying person on these last difficult stages of his journey .

No one can predict when death will come, but people on duty, often encounter people who are seeing off their last days in this world, they are well aware of the symptoms of approaching death, the symptoms of the fact that there are only a few days and hours of a human being.

Loss of appetite
In a gradually fading person, energy needs decrease more and more over time, the person begins to refuse food and drink, or take only small amounts of neutral simple food (for example, porridge). Coarse food is usually given up first. Even once-favorite dishes do not deliver former pleasure. Just before death, some people are simply unable to swallow food.

What to do: do not try to force-feed a person, listen to the wishes of the dying person, even if you are deeply upset by his refusal to eat. Periodically offer the dying person pieces of ice, popsicles, sips of water. Wipe the lips and skin around the mouth with a soft cloth moistened with warm water, treat the lips with hygienic lipstick so that the lips do not dry out, but remain moist and supple.

Increased fatigue and drowsiness
A dying person can spend most of the day in a dream, since the metabolism fades away, and the reduced need for water and food contributes to dehydration, the dying person wakes up more difficultly, weakness reaches such an extent that the person perceives everything around him completely passively.

What to do: let the dying person sleep, do not force him to stay awake, do not disturb him, everything you say, he can hear, suggest that hearing is preserved even if the person is unconscious, in a coma or other forms of impaired consciousness.

Severe physical exhaustion
Decreasing metabolism produces less and less energy, it remains so small that it becomes very difficult for a dying person not only to turn in bed, but even to turn his head, even a sip of liquid through a straw can cause great difficulties for the patient.

What to do: Try to maintain a comfortable position for the patient and help him if necessary.

Confusion or disorientation
The functional insufficiency of many organs is growing, not bypassing the brain, consciousness begins to change, usually, with one speed or another, its oppression occurs, the dying person may no longer be aware of where he or she is, who surrounds him, may speak or respond less readily, can communicate with people who are not or cannot be in the room, can talk nonsense, confuse time, day, year, can lie motionless on the bed, or can become restless and pull the bed linen.

What to do: stay calm yourself and try to calm the dying person, speak softly to the person and let him know who is at the moment by his bed or when you approach him.

Difficulty breathing, shortness of breath
Respiratory movements become erratic, jerky, a person may experience difficulty in breathing, so-called pathological types of respiration can be observed, for example, Cheyne-Stokes respiration - a period of increasing loud respiratory movements alternating with decreasing in depth, after which there is a pause (apnea) lasting from five seconds to minutes, followed by another period of deep, loud rising breathing movements. Sometimes excess fluid in the airways creates loud bubbling sounds with breathing, sometimes referred to as the "death rattle".

What to do: prolonged apnea (pause between breaths) or loud gurgling can be alarming, however, the dying person may not even be aware of this kind of change, focus on ensuring overall comfort, a change in position, for example, putting it under the back and head can help another pillow, you can give an elevated position or slightly turn his head to the side, moisten his lips with a damp cloth and treat his lips with hygienic lipstick. If a large amount of sputum is separated, try to facilitate its discharge through the mouth in a natural way, because artificial suction can only increase its separation, a humidifier in the room can help, in some cases oxygen is prescribed, in any case, stay calm, try to calm the dying .

Social exclusion
While irreversible changes gradually build up in the body, the dying person gradually begins to lose interest in the people around him, the dying person may stop communicating completely, mutter nonsense, stop answering questions, or simply turn away.
A few days before, before completely plunging into oblivion, a dying person can surprise relatives with an unusual burst of mental activity, begin to recognize those present again, communicate with them, and respond to speech addressed to him, this period can last less than an hour, and sometimes even a day. .

What to do: in any case, remember that all this is a natural manifestation of the dying process and is by no means a reflection of your relationship, maintain physical contact with the dying person, touch, continue to communicate with him if appropriate, and try not to wait for any response from him instead, cherish the episodes of sudden awareness when they happen, as they are almost always fleeting.

Changed urination pattern
The dying person has a reduced need for food and fluid intake, a decrease in blood pressure is part of the process of dying (which, due to the latter, does not need to be corrected to a normal level, like some other symptoms), urine becomes small, it becomes concentrated - rich brownish, reddish colors, or colors of tea.
Control over the natural functions can later be completely lost in the process of dying.

What to do: A urinary catheter may be placed to control and facilitate the passage of urine, as instructed by medical staff, although this is usually not necessary in the final hours. The onset of kidney failure leads to the accumulation of "toxins" in the circulating blood and contributes to a peaceful coma before death. And, simply, lay a fresh film.

Swelling of the hands and feet
Progressive renal failure leads to the accumulation of fluid in the body, it usually accumulates in tissues distant from the heart, that is, usually in the fatty tissue of the hands and, especially, the feet, which gives them a somewhat puffy, swollen appearance.

What to do: usually this does not require special measures (prescription of diuretics) because they are part of the process of dying, and not its cause.

Coldness of the fingertips and toes
In the hours to minutes before death, the peripheral blood vessels constrict in an attempt to maintain circulation to the vital organs of the heart and brain as blood pressure progressively decreases. With spasm of peripheral vessels, the limbs (fingers of the hands and feet, as well as the hands and feet themselves) become noticeably colder, the nail beds become pale or bluish.

What to do: At this stage, the dying person may already be in a state of unconsciousness, otherwise, a warm blanket can help maintain comfort, the person may complain about the weight of the blanket covering their legs, so free them as much as possible.

Spots on the skin
On the skin, which was previously evenly pale, a distinctly distinguishable variegation and spots of a purple, reddish, or bluish tint appear - one of the final signs of imminent death - the result of circulatory disorders in the microcirculatory bed (venules, arterioles, capillaries), often at first such spotting is detected on the feet.

What to do: No special action is required.

The described symptoms are the most common signs of an approaching natural death, they can vary in the order of occurrence and be observed in different combinations in different people, in the case when the patient is in the intensive care unit, under artificial ventilation, and a multicomponent intensive drug therapy process. dying can be completely different, but here the process of natural death is described in general terms.

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The statistics of death in patients with stroke are disappointing. The death of patients can occur both in the acute period and after it during the rehabilitation period.

The life expectancy of such patients is 7-10 years, unless a recurrent stroke occurs or the patient's condition is not complicated due to concomitant diseases and the consequences of circulatory disorders.

What type of circulatory disorder is more likely to lead to death

Stroke can be hemorrhagic or ischemic. Although ischemic occurs in 80% of cases, mortality in the acute period in hemorrhagic stroke is higher. Moreover, the mortality rate depends on the type of stroke. So, patients with intracerebral hemorrhage die more often than with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Sometimes a stroke is fatal, both in the acute period and during the recovery period.

In ischemic stroke, a lethal outcome is more often recorded if an atherothrombotic, cardioembolic or hemodynamic type of cerebral circulatory disorder occurs. Lacunar or microocclusive stroke rarely leads to the death of the patient.

A high percentage of poor outcome occurs after a major or recurrent stroke. A state incompatible with life occurs when the centers of regulation of respiration and the work of the heart are damaged. This happens if the cells of the brain stem or cerebellum die. Death occurs as a result of:

• cardiac arrest;
• stop breathing.

Causes that cause the death of brain cells and lead to death

The death of cells of the brain stem and cerebellum, which caused death, can develop as a result of malnutrition and oxygenation of cells, displacement or swelling of tissues:

• hemorrhage in the brain stem and cerebellum;
• ischemia of the deep parts of the brain;
• hemorrhage in the ventricles of the brain, which caused hemotamponade of the cerebrospinal fluid ducts, which leads to impaired circulation of cerebrospinal fluid, occlusive hydrocephalus, edema and displacement of the brain stem.
• swelling of the brain can be gradually increasing or fast, which leads to the dislocation of brain structures and the wedging of the brain stem in the foramen magnum.

Comorbidities can also lead to death. Often, against the background of a violation of the blood circulation of the brain or after it, myocardial infarction or acute conditions develop, such as insufficiency of the cardiovascular, respiratory systems, kidney or liver failure.

Causes of death in patients with stroke

There are symptoms and signs that speak of the severity of the condition and the likelihood of imminent death of the patient. So, if a patient has symptoms of hemorrhagic lesions of the trunk and cerebellum, then in 70-80% of cases a person dies. Symptoms of circulatory disorders in the stem:

• disturbance of consciousness;
• with ischemic damage, impaired coordination, unsteady gait, sweeping movements are early signs;
• the “locked-in person” syndrome, its symptoms: the patient cannot speak, move, only opens and closes his eyes, and he understands everything;
• violation of swallowing, the absence of a swallowing reflex is also observed in coma of 3-4 degrees, this is a sign of a deepening, unfavorable course of a coma, therefore 90% of such patients either die or remain on mechanical ventilation;
• symptoms of lack of control over limb movements; the muscles do not act synchronously, normally the flexors and extensors should act in concert, and in the patient this function is disturbed, hence the high tone of the muscular system, inadequate motor activity, convulsions;
• an increase in temperature of more than 40 degrees is the temperature of central genesis, when the neurons responsible for thermoregulation are damaged, most often it is difficult to lower it with drugs; therefore, the patient is injected with chilled solutions or put ice on his head;
• symptoms of eye movement disorders - with damage to the trunk and cerebellum, non-synchronous movements are observed, pendulum-like, a symptom of the "doll's eye";
• unstable hemodynamics - high blood pressure, frequent pulse, may be arrhythmic, if after that bradycardia began, the prognosis is poor;
• respiratory failure - pathological types of Kussmaul breathing (deep, noisy), Cheyne-Stokes (after rare superficial breaths appear deep), Biot (long pauses between breaths) are noted.

In most cases, when blood circulation in the stem region is disturbed, the patient dies

These signs indicate damage to the cells of vital centers and are harbingers of the possibility of death.

How quickly circulatory disorders lead to the death of the patient

The death of a patient can occur in the first hours of circulatory disorders of the brain, after treatment has begun or during the rehabilitation period. If a patient develops a coma, then his chances of survival fall sharply. Coma of 3-4 degrees is accompanied by the death of the patient in 90% of cases. But there is also a long coma. If the patient does not come out of a coma, then he may die from concomitant complications that occur in a bedridden patient.

If the patient is in a coma for a long time on artificial lung ventilation, the decision to turn off the ventilator is made by the medical commission with the consent of the relatives. According to statistics, after 4 months of coma, only a few come out of it, and in this state, with good care, life can be maintained for several years.

The development of complications in bedridden patients is the cause of death. These complications include:

• bedsores;
• congestive pneumonia;
• pulmonary embolism;
• urogenital sepsis;
• general dehydration and renal failure.

One complication after a stroke is congestive pneumonia, which can lead to death.

Prevention of these complications begins from the moment the patient enters the clinic and continues after discharge during the rehabilitation period.

How to determine that the patient has died

There are three main signs by which death can be established within the first minutes:

If a patient in a coma is on a ventilator, the pupils are dilated due to the severity of the coma or the action of drugs, then death in the first minutes can only be recorded by determining asystole (ECG).

If the symptoms of death appeared suddenly at home, then cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be performed.

Support of cardiopulmonary bypass and respiration, started no later than 4-5 minutes later, can protect intact cells of the cerebral cortex from death. Then the cells of the cortex die, and even if it is possible to restore the heart rhythm and breathing, the patient will no longer regain consciousness. This is due to the fact that the neurons responsible for life support die later, after 10-15 minutes.

There are also late signs that determine biological death, which appear during the first day:

• Decrease in body temperature.
• Formation of dead spots.
• Rigor mortis.
• Decomposition of tissues.

Death in patients after a stroke can be caused by various reasons. Therefore, until now, it is the prevention of circulatory disorders that can help reduce mortality, which currently ranks second in the list of diseases leading to the death of the patient.

In this article we will tell you what processes in the body lead to the end of life and how death occurs. Have you thought about it? After reading, you can leave your opinion on this topic, your comment at the end of the article.

For many of us, death is a process that we can only see on TV and in movies. On the screen, the characters die, and then we see the actors who played their roles in full health.

Death constantly accompanies various news. Celebrities die from overdoses, traffic accidents, ordinary people from accidents and terrorist attacks.

What is death?

Death has been defined in different ways at different times. Most often, they said that this is separation and bodies. However, almost everyone is talking about it. But from a purely biological point of view, death is still difficult to define. Only recently created medical equipment can help to understand whether a person is alive or dead.

This was not the case before. If a person was sick, a doctor or a priest was called to him, who ascertained death. Approximately. That is, if a person does not move and does not seem to be breathing, he is dead. How was it determined that a person was not breathing? A mirror or pen was brought to his mouth. If the mirror fogged up, and the feather moved from breathing, the person is alive, if not, he is dead. In the 18th century, they began to check the pulse on the arm, but the invention of the stethoscope was still far away.

Over time, people realized that, despite the lack of breathing and heartbeat, a person can be alive. Edgar Allan Poe alone wrote several stories about those who were buried alive. In general, it turned out that it can be reversible.

Today we know that there is an apparatus capable of bringing a person back to life. If a person stops breathing, but his heart is still beating, you can stimulate his activity with the help of a defibrillator.

True, the presence of a pulse does not mean that a person is alive. Both doctors and relatives of the dying understood this. If the brain is dead, and cardiac activity is supported by machines in intensive care, then the person is more likely dead than alive. In medical language, this is called an irreversible coma.

It is, of course, difficult for the relatives of a dying person to recognize such a death. They are told that the person has died while he is breathing and his body is radiating heat. At the same time, machines record minimal brain activity, and this gives relatives a false hope that the patient will recover. But brain activity alone is not enough for life.

Despite the fact that death is considered brain death, rarely do you see this conclusion in the form of an official cause of death. More often you can see such as "myocardial infarction", "cancer" and "stroke". In general, death is caused in three different ways:

• as a result of severe bodily injuries received in automobile and other man-made accidents, during falls and drownings;
• as a result of murder and suicide;
• as a result of disease and wear and tear of the body with the onset of old age.

In the old days, people rarely lived to old age, dying prematurely from diseases. Today, many deadly diseases have been eliminated. Of course, there are still areas on Earth with undeveloped medicine, where people die, mainly from AIDS.

In high-income countries, death is more common from coronary heart disease, stroke, lung cancer, lower respiratory tract infections, and lung failure. At the same time, life expectancy is longer in high-income countries. True, people are more likely to suffer from degenerative diseases.

How Death Comes - The Process

If the brain dies first in the body, the person stops breathing. Cells that do not receive oxygen begin to die.

Different cells die at different rates. It depends on how long they don't get oxygen. The brain requires a lot of oxygen, so when the air flow stops, brain cells die within 3-7 minutes. That's why stroke kills patients so quickly.

During a myocardial infarction, blood flow is disrupted. The brain also stops receiving oxygen, and death can occur.

If a person does not get sick with anything, but lives for a very long time, his body simply wears out from old age. His functions gradually fade away, and he dies.

There are some external manifestations of decrepitude of the body. A person begins to sleep more so as not to waste energy. After a person loses the desire to move, he loses the desire to eat and drink. He has a dry throat, it becomes difficult for him to swallow something, and drinking liquids can cause choking.

Shortly before death, a person loses the ability to control the discharge from the bladder and intestines. However, he almost does not urinate anymore and does not walk in a big way, because he practically does not eat, and his gastrointestinal tract ceases to function.

If a person is in pain before death, doctors can relieve his condition.

Shortly before death, a person begins to go into agony. The dying person is disoriented and finds it difficult to breathe. He breathes loudly and heavily. If there is an accumulation of fluid in the lungs, the patient may experience a death rattle. Due to a violation of the connection between the cells of the body, the dying person begins to have convulsions and muscle spasms.

We cannot know exactly what a person experiences on the eve of death. But those who died, but were saved in time, argued that death does not come painfully. At the same time, all the dying experienced a sense of detachment and peace, they felt that their soul was separated from the physical body, they had the feeling that they were moving out of the darkness towards the light. In general, hundreds of books and works have already been written about this.

Some doctors argue that near-death experiences are related to the fact that endorphins, pleasure hormones, are released in the human body before death.

When the heartbeat and breathing stop, clinical death occurs. Oxygen does not enter the cells, there is no blood circulation. However, clinical death is a reversible state. With the help of modern means of resuscitation, such as blood transfusion or mechanical ventilation, a person can still be brought back to life.

The point of no return is biological death. It starts 4-6 minutes after the clinical one. After the pulse stops, brain cells begin to die from lack of oxygen. Now resuscitation no longer makes sense.

What happens to the body after death?

After the heart stops beating, the body cools down and rigor mortis begins. Every hour, body temperature drops by almost a degree. This continues until the body temperature reaches room temperature. In the absence of movement, the blood begins to stagnate, and cadaveric spots appear. This happens in the next 2-6 hours after death.

Despite the fact that the organism has died, some processes are still going on in the body. Skin cells, for example, function for up to 24 hours after death occurs.

A few days after death, the bacteria and enzymes contained in it are taken for the destruction of the body. The pancreas has so many bacteria that it begins to digest itself. As the microorganisms work on the body, it becomes discolored, becoming first greenish, then purple, and finally black.

If you visually do not notice changes in the body, then you cannot help but notice the smell. Bacteria that destroy the body emit a fetid gas. Gas is not only present in the room in the form of an unpleasant odor. It inflates the body, making the eyes bulge and protrude from the sockets, and the tongue so thick that it begins to protrude from the mouth.

A week after death, the skin becomes covered with blisters, and the slightest touch to it can lead to their spontaneous opening. Within a month after the onset of death, nails and hair continue to grow.

But this is not because they are actually growing. It's just that the skin dries out, and they become more noticeable. Internal organs and tissues fill with fluid and swell. This will continue until the body bursts. After that, the insides dry up, and one skeleton remains.

Most of us cannot see the whole process described above, because the laws of different countries force citizens to do something with the body. The body can be put in a coffin and buried in the ground. It can be frozen, embalmed, or cremated. And for the same reason, we did not place images in this part of the text. Even if they exist, you should not look at them - the picture is not for the faint of heart.

Funerals in different countries and among different peoples

In ancient times, people were buried so that they would awaken in the afterlife. For this, their favorite things were placed in their tombs, and sometimes their favorite animals and even people. Warriors were sometimes buried upright so that they would be ready for battle in the afterlife.

Orthodox Jews wrapped the dead in shrouds and buried them on the day of death. But Buddhists believe that consciousness remains in the body for three days, so they bury the body no earlier than this period.

Hindus cremated the body, freeing the soul from the body, and Catholics treat cremation extremely negatively, believing that it offends the body as a symbol of human life.

Death and medical ethics

We have already written about the difficulties in determining the onset of death. Thanks to modern medical technology, it has become possible to keep the body alive even after brain death. When the brain dies, it is documented and communicated to the relatives of the deceased.

Then there are two possible scenarios. Some relatives agree with the opinion of doctors and give permission to disconnect the deceased from life support devices. Others do not recognize death, and the deceased continues to lie further under the apparatus.

People would like to always control their lives, but death deprives them of this. Now their fate will be determined by the doctor, whose decision will depend on whether to disconnect the deceased from the apparatus or not.

In general, a person whose brain does not work can no longer live fully. He cannot make decisions and benefit both his relatives and society. Relatives of the deceased must understand this and come to terms with the loss of a family member.

Appreciate loved ones while they are with you, and let go if they have already left.

In medicine, sudden death from heart failure is regarded as a lethal outcome that occurs naturally. This happens both with people who have had heart disease for a long time, and with people who have never used the services of a cardiologist. A pathology that develops quickly, sometimes even instantly, is called sudden cardiac death.

Often there are no signs of a threat to life, and death occurs in a few minutes. Pathology is able to progress slowly, starting with pain in the heart area, a rapid pulse. The duration of the development period is up to 6 hours.

Cardiac death is distinguished between rapid and instantaneous. The fulminant variant of coronary heart disease causes death in 80-90% of incidents. Also among the main causes are myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, heart failure.

More about the reasons. Most of them are associated with changes in the vessels and the heart (spasms of the arteries, hypertrophy of the heart muscle, atherosclerosis, etc.). Common preconditions include:

• ischemia, arrhythmia, tachycardia, impaired blood flow;
• weakening of the myocardium, ventricular failure;
• free fluid in the pericardium;
• signs of diseases of the heart, blood vessels;
• heart injury;
• atherosclerotic changes;
• intoxication;
• congenital malformations of valves, coronary arteries;
• obesity, due to malnutrition and metabolic disorders;
  unhealthy lifestyle, bad habits;
• physical overload.

More often, the occurrence of sudden cardiac death provokes a combination of several factors at the same time. The risk of coronary death is increased in individuals who:

• there are congenital cardiovascular diseases, ischemic heart disease, ventricular tachycardia;
• there was a previous case of resuscitation after a diagnosed cardiac arrest;
• a previous heart attack was diagnosed;
• there are pathologies of the valvular apparatus, chronic insufficiency, ischemia;
• recorded facts of loss of consciousness;
• there is a reduction in blood ejection from the left ventricle area of ​​​​less than 40%;
• diagnosed with cardiac hypertrophy.

Secondary essential conditions for increasing the risk of death are: tachycardia, hypertension, myocardial hypertrophy, changes in fat metabolism, diabetes. Smoking, weak or excessive physical activity have a harmful effect

Signs of heart failure before death

Cardiac arrest is often a complication after suffering a cardiovascular disease. Due to acute heart failure, the heart can abruptly stop its activity. After the first signs appear, death can occur within 1.5 hours.

Preceding danger symptoms:

• shortness of breath (up to 40 movements per minute);
• pressing pains in the region of the heart;
• the acquisition of a gray or bluish tint by the skin, its cooling;
• convulsions due to hypoxia of brain tissue;
• separation of foam from the oral cavity;
• feeling of fear.

Many people develop symptoms of an exacerbation of the disease in 5-15 days. Pain in the heart, lethargy, shortness of breath, weakness, malaise, arrhythmia. Shortly before death, most people experience fear. You should immediately contact a cardiologist.

Signs during an attack:

• weakness, fainting due to the high rate of contraction of the ventricles;
• involuntary muscle contraction;
• redness of the face;
• blanching of the skin (it becomes cold, cyanotic or gray);
• inability to determine the pulse, heartbeat;
• lack of pupil reflexes that have become wide;
• irregularity, convulsive breathing, sweating;
• loss of consciousness is possible, and after a few minutes the cessation of breathing.

With a fatal outcome against the background of seemingly good health, the symptoms could be present, they simply did not manifest themselves clearly.

The mechanism of the development of the disease

As a result of a study of people who died due to acute heart failure, it was found that most of them had atherosclerotic changes that affected the coronary arteries. As a result, there was a violation of the blood circulation of the myocardium and its damage.

In patients, there is an increase in the liver and neck veins, sometimes pulmonary edema. Coronary circulatory arrest is diagnosed, after half an hour deviations in myocardial cells are observed. The whole process takes up to 2 hours. After cardiac arrest, irreversible changes occur in brain cells within 3-5 minutes.

Often, cases of sudden cardiac death occur during sleep after respiratory arrest. In a dream, the chances of the possibility of salvation are practically absent.

Statistics of death from heart failure and age characteristics

One in five people will experience symptoms of heart failure during their lifetime. Instant death occurs in a quarter of the victims. Mortality from this diagnosis exceeds mortality from myocardial infarction by about 10 times. Up to 600,000 deaths are recorded annually for this reason. According to statistics, after treatment for heart failure, 30% of patients die within a year.

More often, coronary death occurs in people aged 40-70 with diagnosed disorders of blood vessels and the heart. Men are more prone to it: at a young age 4 times, in the elderly - 7 times, by the age of 70 - 2 times. A quarter of patients do not reach the age of 60 years. In the risk group, not only the elderly, but also very young people were recorded. The cause of sudden cardiac death at a young age can be vasospasm, myocardial hypertrophy, provoked by the use of narcotic substances, as well as excessive exercise and hypothermia.

Diagnostic measures

90% of sudden cardiac death episodes happen outside of hospitals. It is good if the ambulance arrives quickly and the doctors make a quick diagnosis.

Ambulance doctors ascertain the absence of consciousness, pulse, breathing (or its rare presence), the lack of pupillary response to light. To continue diagnostic measures, first resuscitation actions are needed (indirect heart massage, artificial ventilation of the lungs, intravenous administration of medications).

This is followed by an EKG. With a cardiogram in the form of a straight line (cardiac arrest), the introduction of adrenaline, atropine, and other drugs is recommended. If resuscitation is successful, further laboratory examinations, ECG monitoring, ultrasound of the heart are carried out. Based on the results, surgical intervention, implantation of a pacemaker, or conservative treatment with medications is possible.

Urgent care

With symptoms of sudden death from heart failure, doctors have only 3 minutes to help and save the patient. Irreversible changes that occur in the brain cells, after this time period, lead to death. Timely first aid can save lives.

The development of symptoms of heart failure contributes to the state of panic and fear. The patient must necessarily calm down, relieving emotional stress. Call an ambulance (cardiology team). Sit comfortably, lower your legs down. Take nitroglycerin under the tongue (2-3 tablets).

Often cardiac arrest occurs in crowded places. People around need to urgently call an ambulance. While waiting for her arrival, it is necessary to provide the victim with an influx of fresh air, if necessary, make artificial respiration, perform a heart massage.

Prevention

To reduce mortality, preventive measures are important:

• regular consultations with a cardiologist, preventive procedures and appointments (special attention
• patients with hypertension, ischemia, weak left ventricle);
• giving up provoking bad habits, ensuring proper nutrition;
• control of blood pressure;
• systematic ECG (pay attention to non-standard indicators);
• prevention of atherosclerosis (early diagnosis, treatment);
• implantation methods at risk.

Sudden cardiac death is a severe pathology that occurs instantly or in a short time period. The coronary nature of the pathology confirms the absence of injuries and the sudden sudden cardiac arrest. A quarter of cases of sudden cardiac death are lightning-fast, and without the presence of visible precursors.

Neurosis, depression, vegetovascular dystonia - all these are diseases of the nervous system. Each of them is capable of delivering a lot of trouble and discomfort in your life. But first things first.

VVD is a disease of the nervous system that seriously impairs the quality of life

Symptoms of depression are: a bad mood, depression, a decrease in interest in everything that relates to a fulfilling life and an inability to change anything. There comes a feeling as if the life energy has dried up, the source that generates it has dried up. But a bad mood happens just like that, and a depressed mood is not always depression. So when is it worth talking about the disease and sounding the alarm? Then, when this state dragged on in time and is clearly expressed in its manifestations.

Signs of depression

Mental manifestations include the emotional component:

• feeling helpless and unhappy
• aching feeling of melancholy to chest pain
• irritability and dissatisfaction with what is happening

Somatic symptoms include:

• various pain manifestations (headache, heart, muscle, neuralgic and other pains)
• problems in the digestive system, in which diarrhea alternates with constipation
• violations in the sexual sphere (decrease in sexual desire and potency, frigidity)
• convulsions
• radiculitis
• sleep and appetite disorders

The combination of these manifestations leads to a depressing state. In itself, it is not dangerous, but if you do not pay attention to it for a long time, you can be at risk. A long stay in a depressive state loosens the entire body, disrupts its well-coordinated work and can lead to failure in all vital systems.

Can depression die?

It's a disease that's actually treatable, but depression shouldn't be taken lightly. It is a complex of serious ailments in which the quality of life is greatly reduced. Sometimes these conditions are caused by advanced age, when a person is very lonely, seriously ill, or vice versa young, with many complexes, has lost self-esteem and is at the limit of emotional stress. There comes a moment when the patient is at the level of refusal to fight for life or does not see the need for it. Apathy appears, thoughts of death come. Very dangerous condition! Suicide accounts for a huge percentage of all deaths, and major depression is the #1 cause of death at a young age.

Depression is a treatable disease that needs to be taken seriously.

What to do? After all, it seems that there is no way out. Very important in this situation:

• In time to consult a psychotherapist and make the correct diagnosis. It is even possible to determine your condition yourself with the help of various tests. After all, a person does not lose his mind, he is able to understand that something went wrong. If there are close people nearby, then they should first of all sound the alarm and persuade them to visit a psychiatrist or neurologist.
• You need to completely change your life.When the medications relieve the symptoms, an understanding will come that it is necessary to change and change in everything: in habits, lifestyle. The doctor will tell you in which direction you need to move. This includes sports, hobbies and an active lifestyle. There must be a very serious motivation to live.

Neurosis and its manifestations

Everything is very similar to depression: the same weakness, fatigue, weakness, headaches and dizziness, sweating, pressure surges. It looks like it, doesn't it?

This is a protracted stressful situation, thoughts about which do not give rest day or night, cause exhaustion of the body and disturbances in its work. Irritability rises and anxiety increases. Anxiety can manifest itself in an emotional form: you think about it, you expect it, you are afraid - all these thoughts are reflected on your face.

In its physical manifestation, this looks like tension in the muscles and the inability to relax. Motor skills are involved: fidgeting, walking back and forth, tapping fingers, twitching the leg.

Causes of neurosis

The state of neurosis can manifest itself in both children and adults. Inadequate requirements for the child, rejection of his individuality, underestimation of his self-esteem, neglect of his self-esteem - all this causes mental trauma and causes children's neuroses.

In adults, the cause of neurosis is most often nervous or physical exhaustion. Overwork and chronic fatigue, which are of a protracted nature, plus the inability to recover - please receive. The psycho-emotional state of a person changes for the worse.

What is the difference between neurosis and depression?

If you try to explain this at the everyday level, in simple words, it will look like this: with depression, nothing pleases, there is no strength to do anything and change, and with neurosis, the ability to rejoice is preserved. It is a neurosis, if anything can bring you joy and pleasure. It is easily treatable, one has only to change the situation, circumstances and remove irritants.

When a person is depressed, nothing pleases

Is it possible to die from neurosis?

In fact, you can die from anything, even from a cold. But the neurosis itself is not fatal.. All sorts of situations are possible, such as: a conflict with relatives, friends, colleagues, arising against the background of nervousness, irritability, intemperance in statements. The situation may worsen, depression will join, the person will become isolated - suicidal thoughts may again arise. The mortality rate is rather high. But here the neurosis is not a direct cause leading to death, but an indirect one.

Alcohol, drugs - often present in neurosis and depression. They resort to them to alleviate their condition, to forget. And deaths happen quite often. But the concrete neurosis again has nothing to do with it, it is again only an indirect cause.

Don't delay your visit to the doctor. After all, there are times when you go around in circles, not finding a way out. This is where the psychotherapist will help, point out the ways to return to normal life and find something that will please you again. It is very important to strictly follow the proposed treatment course.

The essence of vegetovascular dystonia (VVD)

If we imagine that the human body is a well-functioning complex mechanism, then the autonomic nervous system in it is an electronic control system. It is she who controls the operation of all systems, analyzes the operating parameters and issues the necessary commands. After all, we don’t even think about how and when we breathe, beat our hearts, turn our heads and why we need to raise our legs. All this is done by our autonomic nervous system. It consists of 2 departments: sympathetic and parasympathetic.

To cope with stress, the sympathetic department activates the body by increasing the tone of blood vessels and strengthening the work of muscles and nerves. The parasympathetic department, on the contrary, inhibits the functions of the body, reducing efficiency, memory, and attention. All the work of the system is balanced and under control. But when for some reason this balance is disturbed, all other vital systems begin to behave incorrectly, a failure occurs. Violation of the work of the whole body of organs and systems - this is vegetovascular dystonia.

Depending on which system is affected, there are signs of certain diseases. For example, problems in the digestive system are manifested by irritable bowel syndrome, in the circulatory system - by arrhythmia, tachycardia, etc. And often all systems suffer and as a result we get a set of symptoms that mimic certain pathologies.

Who is diagnosed with ADHD

The causes of this disease have not been established, but there are risk factors leading to this disease:

• hereditary factors, constitution
• long-term physical and emotional overload
• diseases of the endocrine system
• hormonal changes
• the presence of chronic diseases
• diseases of the nervous system, stress, neuroses

The structure of vegetative-vascular dystonia

Manifestations of VVD

Symptoms are easily confused with other diseases and it looks like this:

• dizziness
• excessive sweating
• weakness
• darkening in the eyes with sudden movements
• paleness or redness of the face
• cold or numb limbs
• pressure surges
• abdominal pain, heartburn, nausea
• frequent urination

It seems that everything is not so scary, death from VVD does not occur. But let's see if this disease is so simple and safe.

Take any of its symptoms, such as excessive sweating or hyperhidrosis. What is dangerous here? But for an unstable, weak person, you can build the following sequence: VVD - hyperhidrosis - panic (they will see, guess, they will laugh, I'm afraid that I will sweat and sweat even more) - isolation - depression - avoidance of people - loneliness - despair - do not want to live. In this chain, someone's life is at stake. So is it possible to die from vegetovascular dystonia?

Excessive sweating is one of the possible symptoms of VVD.

To treat or not to treat

Hidden depression can be masked under VVD. Prolonged exposure to stress or depression adversely affects the myocardium, has a detrimental effect on the heart muscle and blood vessels. Heart attack, stroke - the likelihood of occurrence is high. The connection here is obvious and it is not worth neglecting treatment or delaying a visit to the doctor.

So, if the autonomic nervous system is a control system, and the VSD is a failure of the settings in the system, then a specialist will be able to reconfigure and start the system.

A neuropathologist or psychiatrist will first of all listen to you carefully. Some people just don't have enough people in their lives to listen to their story. Diagnosis is quite complicated and it is precisely those manifestations and imitations of diseases that complicate it, which actually do not exist, but there is an imbalance in the functioning of the nervous system.

Treatment is usually carried out in two directions:

1. removal of the cause
2. drug therapy

If the cause is not clear, it can be detected using a computer psychoanalysis program. The patient is taken an electroencephalogram, which clearly shows the reaction of the brain to certain words and external influences. Thus, the source of suffering and experiences is clarified. With the help of hypnosis, you can erase the image of fear from the mind, and by eliminating it, the disease will also go away.

Breathing exercises and yoga help to cope with VSD

When there is such an ailment, fear is always present and questions arise: is it possible to go crazy and do people die from VVD? With the help of special exercises and therapeutic training, you can achieve good results in treatment. Hardening, an active lifestyle and sports, breathing exercises and yoga will help you get rid of this painful disease.. Surely give pleasure and relax massage, physiotherapy, herbal medicine. If you can, visit the resort. Climate, air, sun can work wonders and all phobias and fears, including questions about the possibility of dying from VVD, will leave your life forever.