Hemispheres of the brain function. What is the right and left hemisphere of the brain responsible for?

What are the left and right hemispheres of our brain responsible for?

The human brain remains the most understudied organ. Despite the fact that research in this area has been going on for more than a hundred years, the mystery of the functioning of the brain is a mystery. The most complex biological mechanism that nature has ever created is the human brain. This piece of gray matter remains a huge blank spot on the map of human knowledge.

Most of the mass of the brain, namely 70%, falls on the large hemispheres. The corpus callosum, which connects the left and right hemispheres, consists of neurons that provide information exchange between the hemispheres.

The two hemispheres of our brain share certain functions. The left hemisphere is responsible for logical and abstract thinking, the right for motor skills. The two hemispheres can complement each other. In case of damage to one of the hemispheres, its functions are transferred to the other half.

The brain is a complex and interconnected system, the largest and functionally important part of the central nervous system. Its functions include processing sensory information from the senses, planning, decision making, coordination, movement control, positive and negative emotions, attention, and memory. The highest function performed by the brain is thinking.

There are schools that favor one hemisphere over the other. So schools that develop the left hemisphere focus on logical thinking, analysis and accuracy. Whereas the right brain school focuses on aesthetics, feelings and creativity.

The right hemisphere mainly "serves" the left side of the body: it receives most of the information from the left eye, ear, left arm, leg, etc. and transmits commands, respectively, to the left arm, leg.

The left hemisphere serves the right side.

Usually, one of the hemispheres in a person is dominant, which is reflected in the individual properties of the personality. For example, left-brained people are more drawn to science. Right hemispheric people are more inclined to engage in art or areas of activity that require individual imaginative solutions. The vast majority of great creators - composers, writers, poets, musicians, artists, etc. - "right hemisphere" people. But there are individuals who work with both hemispheres.

Areas of specialization of the left and right hemispheres of the brain

Left hemisphere

The main area of ​​specialization of the left hemisphere is logical thinking, and until recently, doctors considered this hemisphere to be dominant. However, in fact, it dominates only when performing the following functions.

The left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for language abilities. It controls speech, reading and writing abilities, remembers facts, names, dates and their spelling.

Analytical thinking:
The left hemisphere is responsible for logic and analysis. It analyzes all the facts. Numbers and mathematical symbols are also recognized by the left hemisphere.

Literal understanding of words:
The left hemisphere can only understand the literal meaning of words.

Sequential Information Processing:

Information is processed by the left hemisphere sequentially in stages.

Mathematical Ability: Numbers and symbols are also recognized by the left hemisphere. Logical analytical approaches, which are necessary for solving mathematical problems, are also a product of the work of the left hemisphere.

Control of the movements of the right half of the body. When you raise your right hand, it means that the command to raise it came from the left hemisphere.

Right hemisphere

The main area of ​​specialization of the right hemisphere is intuition. As a rule, it is not considered dominant. It is responsible for the following functions.

Processing non-verbal information:
The right hemisphere specializes in processing information, which is expressed not in words, but in symbols and images.

Spatial orientation: The right hemisphere is responsible for the perception of location and spatial orientation in general. It is thanks to the right hemisphere that you can navigate the terrain and make mosaic puzzle pictures.

Musicality: Musical abilities, as well as the ability to perceive music, depend on the right hemisphere, although, however, the left hemisphere is responsible for musical education.

Metaphors: With the help of the right hemisphere, we understand metaphors and the results of the work of another's imagination. Thanks to him, we can understand not only the literal meaning of what we hear or read. For example, if someone says: "He hangs on my tail," then just the right hemisphere will understand what exactly this person wanted to say.

Imagination: The right hemisphere gives us the ability to dream and fantasize. With the help of the right hemisphere, we can make up different stories. By the way, the question "What if ..." also asks the right hemisphere.

Artistic ability: The right hemisphere is responsible for the ability to fine arts.

Emotions: Although emotions are not a product of the functioning of the right hemisphere, it is associated with them more closely than the left.

Sex: The right hemisphere is responsible for sex, unless, of course, you are too concerned with the very technique of this process.

Mystic: The right hemisphere is responsible for mysticism and religiosity.

Dreams: The right hemisphere is also responsible for dreams.

Parallel information processing:

The right hemisphere can process a lot of different information at the same time. It is able to consider the problem as a whole without applying analysis. The right hemisphere also recognizes faces, and thanks to it we can perceive a set of features as a whole.

Controls the movements of the left side of the body: When you raise your left hand, it means that the command to raise it came from the right hemisphere.

How can you check which of the hemispheres you have more developed?

Squeeze your palms in front of you, now interlace your fingers and notice which thumb is on top.
- clap your hands, note which hand is on top.
- cross your arms over your chest, mark which forearm is on top.
- Determine the leading eye.

How can you develop the abilities of the hemispheres.

There are several simple ways to develop the hemispheres. The simplest of them is to increase the volume of work on which the hemisphere is oriented. For example, to develop logic, you need to solve mathematical problems, guess crossword puzzles, and to develop your imagination, visit an art gallery, etc.

The next way is to maximize the use of the side of the body controlled by the hemisphere - for the development of the right hemisphere, it is necessary to work on the left side of the body, and to work out the left hemispheres - on the right. For example, you can draw, jump on one leg, juggle with one hand.

An exercise will help develop the hemisphere, on the awareness of the right and left hemispheres of the brain.

1. Preparation for the exercise.

Sit up straight, close your eyes. Breathing should be calm and even.

Visualize your brain as having two hemispheres and divided into two halves by the corpus callosum. (See picture above) Concentrate on your brain.

We try (in our imagination) to establish a connection with our brain, alternately looking with the left eye into the left hemisphere of the brain, and with the right eye into the right hemisphere. Then, with both eyes, we look inward, at the middle of the brain with the corpus callosum.

2. Performing the exercise.

Slowly inhale, fill with air and hold your breath for a short time. During exhalation, we direct the flow of our consciousness, like a searchlight, to the left hemisphere and "look" at this part of the brain. Then we inhale again, hold our breath and, as we exhale, direct the spotlight to the right hemisphere of the brain.

Imagine: on the left - clear logical thinking; on the right - dream, intuition, inspiration.

Left: inhalation, pause, exhalation is associated with the projection of the number.
Right: inhalation, pause, exhalation is associated with the projection of the letter.
Those. left: number "1" number "2" number "3", etc.
Right: letter "A", letter "B", letter "C", etc.

We continue this combination of numbers and letters until it causes pleasant sensations. Letters and numbers can be swapped, or replaced with something else - for example, summer - winter, white - black.

"Ear-nose".

With the left hand we take the tip of the nose, and with the right hand we take the opposite ear, i.e. left. Release your ear and nose at the same time, clap your hands and change the position of your hands so that the right hand is already holding the tip of the nose, and the left hand is holding the opposite, i.e. right ear.

"Ring".

Alternately and very quickly we sort through the fingers, connecting the index, middle, ring, little fingers into a ring with the thumb. First, you can use each hand separately, then simultaneously with both hands.

"Mirror Painting"

Put a blank sheet of paper on the table, take a pencil. Draw simultaneously with both hands mirror-symmetrical drawings, letters. When doing this exercise, you should feel the relaxation of the eyes and hands, because the simultaneous work of both hemispheres improves the efficiency of the whole brain.

Brain training with images

The left hemisphere of the brain deals with logical thinking, while the right hemisphere deals with visual thinking and feelings.
Part 1:

Sadiya immerse yourself in a state of inner peace, transparency, a state when nothing bothers you.

Imagine (imagine) in turn:

In the left hemisphere of the brain

Medieval religious procession of a group of monks

Blooming trees

snow-covered peak

Sunrise

hot summer day

Red color

theater stage

Slowly flowing river

Sensation when touching soft silk

Sandpaper feeling

Feeling like fingers are sliding on a piece of ice

The sound of a big ball hitting

The sound of a working blacksmith

Sound - cat meows

Lemon flavor

In the right hemisphere

Whirlwind on the coast

Galaxy

snow-covered peak

autumn day

thick fog

sandy desert

Touching a piece of corrugated steel

Smooth, cool glass feel

The hand is in warm water

car engine noise

Bell sound

Sound - barking dog

The taste of a chocolate bar

Take a few deep breaths. Get up slowly. Walk around the room a little, suggesting that you are becoming more cheerful, your consciousness is more active. And do part 2 right away.

Part 2:

Look up with your left eye, as if you were examining the left hemisphere of the brain.

Look up with your right eye, as if you were examining the right hemisphere of the brain.

Try to rotate your eyes vertically. As if they rotate exactly in the middle of the head.

Circle your eyes 2 circles, on the left side of your head.

Circle your eyes 2 circles, on the right.

Circle with your eyes many circles included in each other. The circles are tilted at different angles. Circles fill the whole head.

Get some rest, do nothing.

Circle the circle with your eyes: it is located horizontally, at the height of the eyes. The next circle is a little smaller. So circle many circles until they turn into a dot.

Fix your eyes on this point. And keep them there as long as possible. But don't tense up or hold your breath.

When the eyes move from this point, re-trace many circles with them, which will converge to a point.

Take a few deep breaths. Get up slowly. Walk around the room a little, suggesting that you are becoming more cheerful, your consciousness is becoming more active.

And do part 3 right away.

Part 3:

Imagine the right hemisphere of your brain.

Focus on the right hemisphere

On it - as a supersensitive organ,

On the convolutions and irregularities on the surface,

On the nerve that connects the 2 hemispheres,

On millions of brain cells.

Try to feel the 2 hemispheres of the brain.

Think of electrical and chemical processes going on in the brain.

Name the colors, not what is written.

The right hemisphere of the brain - recognizes colors, the left - reads. In this exercise, the hemispheres are balanced and their interaction is trained. For safety (from glitches in users) - the test begins and ends with the "correct" word-color combinations.

The functional parts of the brain are the brainstem, cerebellum, and the terminal part, which includes the cerebral hemispheres. The last component is the most voluminous part - it occupies about 80% of the mass of the organ and 2% of the weight of the human body, while up to 25% of all energy produced in the body is spent on its work.

The hemispheres of the brain differ slightly from each other in size, depth of convolutions and the functions that they perform: the left one is responsible for logical and analytical thinking, and the right one for motor skills. At the same time, they are interchangeable - if one of them is damaged, then the other is able to partially take over the performance of its functions.

Studying the brains of famous people, experts noticed that a person’s abilities depend on which of the halves of the final section is more developed. For example, artists and poets most often have the right hemisphere developed, since this part of the brain is responsible for creativity.

The main aspects of the physiology of the cerebral hemispheres, or as they are also called hemispheres, on the example of the development of the brain in a child from the moment of his conception.

The central nervous system begins to develop almost immediately after the fertilization of the egg, and already at 4 weeks after the implantation of the embryo in the uterine mucosa, it represents 3 cerebral vesicles connected in series. The first of them is the rudiment of the anterior part of the brain and, consequently, its cerebral hemispheres, the second is the midbrain, and the last, third forms the rhomboid part of the brain.

Parallel to this process, the origin of the cerebral cortex occurs - at first it looks like a small long plate of gray matter, consisting mainly of an accumulation of neuron bodies.

Next, the physiological maturation of the main parts of the brain occurs: by the 9th week of pregnancy, the anterior part increases and forms 2 cerebral hemispheres, interconnected by a special structure - the corpus callosum. As well as smaller nerve commissures (superior and posterior commissures, fornix of the brain), it consists of a large bundle of processes of nerve cells - axons, located mainly in the transverse direction. This structure subsequently allows you to instantly transfer information from one part of the brain to another.

The rudiment of the cortex covering the white matter of the hemispheres also undergoes changes at this time: there is a gradual build-up of layers and an increase in the coverage area. In this case, the upper cortical layer increases faster than the lower one, due to which folds and furrows appear.

By the age of 6 months of the embryo, for example, the left hemisphere of the brain has all the main primary gyrus: lateral, central, corpus callosum, parietal-occipital and spur, while the pattern of their location is mirrored to the right hemisphere. Then the convolutions of the second row are formed, and at the same time there is an increase in the number of layers of the cerebral cortex.

By the time of birth, the final section and, accordingly, the large hemispheres of the human brain have a familiar look to everyone, and the cortex has all 6 layers. The growth of the number of neurons stops. The increase in the weight of the medulla in the future is the result of the growth of existing nerve cells and the development of glial tissues.

As the child develops, neurons form an even larger network of interneuronal connections. For most people, the development of the brain ends by the age of 18.

The cerebral cortex of an adult, covering the entire surface of the cerebral hemispheres, consists of several functional layers:

1. molecular;
2. external granular;
3. pyramidal;
4. internal granular;
5. ganglionic;
6. multimorphic;
7. white matter.

The neurons of these structures have a different structure and functional purpose, but at the same time they form the gray matter of the brain, which is an integral part of the cerebral hemispheres. Also, with the help of these functional units, the cerebral cortex carries out all the main manifestations of a person's higher nervous activity - thinking, memorization, emotional state, speech and attention.

The thickness of the cortex is not uniform throughout, for example, it reaches its greatest value in the upper parts of the precentral and postcentral gyrus. At the same time, the pattern of the location of the convolutions is strictly individual - on earth there are no two people with the same brains.

Anatomically, the surface of the cerebral hemispheres is divided into several parts or lobes, limited by the most significant convolutions:

1. Frontal lobe. Behind it is limited to the central furrow, below - lateral. In the direction forward from the central sulcus and parallel to it, the upper and lower precentral sulci lie. Between them and the central sulcus is the anterior central gyrus. From both precentral sulci, the upper and lower frontal sulci depart at a right angle, limiting the three frontal gyrus - the upper middle and lower.
2. Parietal lobe. This lobe is bounded in front by the central sulcus, below by the lateral sulcus, and posteriorly by the parietal-occipital and transverse occipital sulci. Parallel to the central sulcus and in front of it is the postcentral sulcus, which divides into the superior and inferior sulci. Between it and the central sulcus is the posterior central gyrus.
3. Occipital lobe. Furrows and convolutions on the outer surface of the occipital lobe are able to change their direction. The most constant of them is the superior occipital gyrus. On the border of the parietal lobe and the occipital lobe there are several transitional gyri. The first surrounds the lower end, which goes to the outer surface of the hemisphere of the parietal-occipital sulcus. In the posterior part of the occipital lobe there are one or two polar grooves that have a vertical direction and limit the descending occipital gyrus at the occipital pole.
4. The temporal share. This part of the hemisphere is bounded in front by the lateral sulcus, and in the posterior section by a line connecting the posterior end of the lateral sulcus with the lower end of the transverse occipital sulcus. On the outer surface of the temporal lobe are the upper, middle and lower temporal sulci. The surface of the superior temporal gyrus forms the inferior wall of the lateral sulcus and is divided into two parts: the opercular, covered by the parietal operculum, and the anterior, the insular.
5. Island. It is located in the depth of the lateral groove.

Thus, it turns out that the cerebral cortex, covering the entire surface of the cerebral hemispheres, is the main element of the central nervous system, which allows you to process and reproduce information received from the environment through the senses: sight, touch, smell, hearing and taste. It also participates in the formation of cortical reflexes, purposeful actions and participates in the formation of human behavioral characteristics.

What are the left and right hemispheres of the brain responsible for?

The entire surface of the forebrain cortex, which includes the terminal section, is covered with furrows and ridges that divide the surface of the cerebral hemispheres into several lobes:

• Frontal. It is located in front of the cerebral hemispheres, is responsible for the performance of voluntary movements, speech and mental activity. It also controls thinking and determines human behavior in society.
• Parietal. Participates in understanding the spatial orientation of the body, and also analyzes the proportions and size of third-party objects.
• Occipital. With its help, the brain processes and analyzes incoming visual information.
• Temporal. Serves as an analyzer of taste and auditory sensations, and also participates in the understanding of speech, the formation of emotions and the memorization of incoming data.
• Island. Serves as an analyzer of taste sensations.

In the course of research, experts found that the cerebral cortex perceives and reproduces information coming from the sense organs in a mirror way, that is, when a person decides to move his right hand, then at that moment the motor zone of the left hemisphere begins to work and vice versa - if the movement is made by the left hand, then the right hemisphere of the brain works.

The right and left hemispheres of the brain have the same morphological structure, but despite this, they perform different functions in the body.

In short, the work of the left hemisphere is aimed at logical thinking and analytical perception of information, while the right one is a generator of ideas and spatial thinking.

The areas of specialization of both hemispheres are discussed in more detail in the table:

Also, the cortex of the left and right hemispheres of the brain is involved in the appearance of conditioned reflexes, a characteristic feature of which is that they are formed throughout a person’s life and are not constant, that is, they can disappear and reappear depending on environmental conditions.

At the same time, the incoming information is processed by all functional centers of the cerebral hemispheres: auditory, speech, motor, visual, which allows the body to respond without resorting to mental activity, that is, at the subconscious level. For this reason, newborn children do not have conditioned reflexes, since they do not have life experience.

The left hemisphere of the brain and related functions

Outwardly, the left side of the brain practically does not differ from the right - for each person, the location of the zones and the number of convolutions are the same on both sides of the organ. But at the same time, it is a mirror image of the right hemisphere.

The left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for the perception of verbal information, that is, data transmitted through speech, writing or text. His motor area is responsible for the correct pronunciation of speech sounds, beautiful handwriting, predisposition to writing and reading. At the same time, a developed temporal zone will testify to a person’s ability to memorize dates, numbers and other written symbols.

Also, in addition to the main functions, the left hemisphere of the brain performs a number of tasks that determine certain character traits:

• The ability to think logically leaves its mark on human behavior, so there is an opinion that people with developed logic are selfish. But this is not because such people see benefits in everything, but because their brain is looking for more rational ways to solve the tasks, sometimes to the detriment of others.
• Lovingness. People with a developed left hemisphere, due to their perseverance, are able to achieve the object of attraction in various ways, but, unfortunately, after gaining what they want, they quickly cool down - they simply become not interested, because most people are predictable.
• Due to their punctuality and logical approach to everything, most "left-brained" people have an innate politeness towards others, although for this they often have to be reminded of certain norms of behavior in childhood.
• People with a developed left hemisphere almost always reason logically. For this reason, they cannot accurately interpret the behavior of others, especially when the situation is not mundane.
• Since individuals with a developed left hemisphere are consistent in everything, they rarely make syntactic and spelling errors when writing texts. In this regard, their handwriting is distinguished by the correct spelling of letters and numbers.
• They learn quickly, as they can concentrate all their attention on one thing.
• As a rule, people with a developed left hemisphere are reliable, that is, they can be relied upon in any matter.

If a person exhibits all of the above qualities, then this gives reason to assume that his left hemisphere is more developed compared to the right side of the brain.

The right hemisphere of the brain and its functions

The specialization of the right hemisphere of the brain is intuition and perception of non-verbal information, that is, data expressed in facial expressions, gestures and intonation of the interlocutor.

It is noteworthy that people with a developed right hemisphere are able to show their abilities in certain types of art: painting, modeling, music, poetry. This is due to the fact that they are able to think spatially, without focusing on insignificant events in life. Their imagination is rich, which manifests itself when writing paintings and musical works. They also say about such people: "Soaring in the clouds."

People with a developed right hemisphere also have a number of characteristic features:

• They are overly emotional, while their speech is rich in epithets and comparisons. Often such a speaker swallows sounds, trying to make as much sense as possible into the spoken words.
• People with a developed right hemisphere are holistic, open, trusting and naive in communicating with others, but at the same time they are easily offended or offended. At the same time, they are not ashamed of their feelings - they can cry or become angry in a matter of minutes.
• They act according to their mood.
• Right-brained people are able to find non-standard ways of solving problems, this is due to the fact that they consider the whole situation as a whole, without focusing on one thing.

Which half of the brain is dominant

Since the left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for the logic and rational approach in everything, it was previously believed that it is the leading one in the entire central system. However, this is not so: in humans, both hemispheres of the brain are involved in life almost equally, they are simply responsible for different areas of higher mental activity.

It is noteworthy that in childhood, in most people, the right hemisphere is usually larger than the left. For this reason, the world around us is perceived somewhat differently than in the adult state - children are prone to fantasies and the perception of non-verbal information, everything seems interesting and mysterious to them. Also, while fantasizing, they learn to communicate with the environment: they play different situations from life in their minds and draw their own conclusions, that is, they gain experience that is so necessary in an adult state. Subsequently, this information is deposited for the most part in the left hemisphere.

However, over time, when the basic aspects of life are learned, the activity of the right hemisphere fades away and the body prefers the left side of the brain as a store of acquired knowledge. Such disunity of the work of parts of the brain negatively affects the quality of human life: it becomes immune to everything new and remains conservative in its views on the future.

What part of the brain is working at the moment can be determined by doing an elementary test.

Look at the moving image:

If it rotates clockwise, then this means that the left hemisphere of the brain, which is responsible for logic and analysis, is currently active. If it moves in the opposite direction, then this means that the right hemisphere is working, which is responsible for emotions and intuitive perception of information.

However, if you make an effort, then the picture can be made to rotate in any direction: for this, you first need to look at it with a defocused look. See the changes?

Synchronized work of both hemispheres

Despite the fact that the two hemispheres of the telencephalon perceive the world around them differently, it is extremely important for a person that they work harmoniously with each other.

Anatomically, this interaction of the cerebral hemispheres is carried out due to the corpus callosum and other adhesions containing a large number of myelin fibers. They connect symmetrically all the zones of one part of the telencephalon with another, and also determine the coordinated work of asymmetrical areas of different hemispheres, for example, the frontal gyri of the right with the parietal or occipital of the left. At the same time, with the help of special structures of neurons - associative fibers, different parts of one hemisphere are connected.

The human central nervous system has a cross distribution of responsibilities - the right hemisphere controls the left half of the body, and the left - the right, while the cooperation of both halves can be clearly demonstrated by trying to simultaneously raise the arms parallel to the floor at a right angle - if this worked out, then this indicates the interaction of both hemispheres at the moment.

It is known that with the help of the work of the left hemisphere, the world looks simpler, while the right side perceives it as it is. This approach allows a person to find more and more new solutions in difficult situations, without complicating his task.

Since the right hemisphere is responsible for emotional perception, without it, people would remain soulless "machines" capable of adapting the world around them to the needs of their life activity. This, of course, is not correct - after all, a person would not be a person if he did not have, for example, a sense of beauty or compassion for others.

In most people, the left hemisphere dominates, while in childhood it develops through the perception of information by the right part of the brain, which allows you to significantly expand the experience gained and form some of the body's reactions to the world around.

Since the brain is able to perceive and remember incoming information for almost a lifetime, with the exception of cases caused by specific diseases, this allows a person to participate in the development of this organ.

What will give the development of each of the hemispheres

In the beginning, let's summarize: any human activity begins with a comparison of new data with previous experience, that is, the left hemisphere is involved in this process. At the same time, the right side of the brain influences the final decision - it is physically impossible to come up with something new, based only on previous experience.

Such a holistic perception of reality allows you not to get hung up only on generally accepted norms and, accordingly, moves a person’s personal growth forward.

The development of the right hemisphere will help a person to more easily make contact with others, and the left hemisphere will contribute to the correct expression of thoughts. This approach has a beneficial effect on the acquisition of success not only in professional activities, but also in other activities related to communication within society. Therefore, thanks to the coordinated activity of both hemispheres, human life becomes more harmonious.

To develop these abilities, experts recommend doing simple exercises several times a day that activate brain activity:

1. If a person is not good friends with logic, then he is recommended to engage in mental work as much as possible - to solve crosswords or pans, and also give preference to solving mathematical problems. If it is required to develop creative abilities, then in this case you can try to understand the meaning in fiction or painting.
2. You can activate the work of one of the hemispheres by increasing the load on the side of the body for which it is responsible: for example, to stimulate the left hemisphere, you need to work with the right side of the body, and vice versa. At the same time, the exercises do not have to be too complicated - just jump on one leg or try to rotate the object with your hand.

Examples of simple physical exercises for the development of brain activity

"Ear-nose"

With your right hand, you need to touch the tip of the nose, and with the left - behind the opposite right ear. Then at the same time we release them, clap our hands and repeat the action, mirroring the position of the hands: with the left we hold on to the tip of the nose, and with the right we hold on to the left ear.

"Ring"

This exercise is familiar to almost everyone since childhood: you need to quickly alternately connect the thumb with the index, middle, ring fingers and little finger into a ring. If everything works out without a hitch, then you can try to do the exercise with 2 hands at the same time.

"Mirror Drawing"

Sit down, put a large sheet of white paper on the table, and a pencil in each hand. Then you need to try to simultaneously draw any geometric shapes - a circle, a square or a triangle. Over time, if everything works out, then you can complicate the task - try to draw more complex images.

It is noteworthy that an integrated approach to improving the activity of the cerebral cortex will help not only improve a person’s communication skills, but also slow down age-related changes in the psyche - as you know, an active lifestyle and mental work allow a person to remain young at heart and preserve his intellectual abilities.

Video: Dominant hemisphere test

First of all, parents need to know what the left hemisphere is responsible for, because their area of ​​\u200b\u200bresponsibility is to help the baby develop. Understanding the tasks of the elements of the brain, you can more effectively educate a child, improve his intellect and abilities.

general information

The brain is one of the most important human organs along with the heart. It is he who is the center of the nervous system. Nature has provided good protection for this element of the body - the cranium, which helps prevent possible damage. The brain is formed by numerous neurons, the connections between which are due to synapses. Neurons can interact with each other, which causes the appearance of impulses in the left and right hemispheres. Further, the nervous system transmits impulses throughout the body, controlling the activity of different systems.

For quite a long time, leading scientists from around the world have been trying to understand how the human brain works and how it works, but to this day this complex system is still inaccessible to us in all its beauty and structure. The few data that have been obtained about the specific qualities of the left and right hemispheres, the relationship between them and the effect on the body as a whole, help to summarize: each half is vital, but different from the other. One hemisphere cannot replace the other, and in most people one half is more developed, it is she who dominates. It is even surprising how small is the area inside the human body, which is subject to our entire body! This mystery will attract scientists until a complete explanation can be found.

And what do we know?

If you ask scientists what abilities the left hemisphere is responsible for, it is unlikely that you will be able to get an accurate and exhaustive answer, and to this day there is still much to be explored, discovered and explored. According to experts, a person can control his brain only to a relatively small percentage. In addition, the individual has increased powers for perceiving the world and making decisions, which is due to the division of the brain into two zones with different areas of responsibility.

Two hemispheres: right, left. The separation is due to the presence of the cerebral cortex. At the same time, the elements are always in close connection, interacting in a coordinated manner so that a person can live fully. Communication, information exchange of the left and right hemispheres is carried out by the so-called corpus callosum. What are the functions of the left hemisphere? In the general case, they say that the brain half located on the left allows you to consistently perform all the tasks formulated by a person.

What's on the right?

Knowing what the left hemisphere is responsible for is useful and interesting, but you should not ignore the right side as well. Scientists know that this half makes it possible to cope with several tasks at once. It is customary to say that to a greater extent the right hemisphere is developed in that person who is distinguished by creative success. But with inclinations towards mathematics, other exact sciences, it is generally accepted that a person is dominated by the left half of the brain.

Such an opinion was not formed by chance. On the right are such brain centers that can process data entering the main organ of the nervous system. Symbols, images - all this is sent for analysis and reaction formation exactly here. But the left hemisphere of the brain is arranged a little differently. Let's consider it in more detail.

Left, but not "left"

If you ask a doctor what the left hemisphere is responsible for, the doctor will tell you that this half of the brain can effectively process data according to the laws of logic. The brain deals with the specific information received, without taking into account the emotional component or the feelings that arise in this case.

Individuality and the norm

The left hemisphere efficiently cracks like nuts on tasks in turn, one after the other. This makes it possible to consistently analyze the incoming information and formulate adequate conclusions. It can be conditionally said that the left hemisphere is responsible for logic, but at the same time it should be understood: in any healthy person, this half of the main organ of the nervous system functions fully, nevertheless, some people have a peculiar logic of actions and reasoning, and it does not fit into the generally accepted understanding. This does not mean that brain processes are disturbed, but only reflects the individual characteristics of a particular person.

Why not chat with us?

If the left half of the main nervous organ did not function in a person, interaction in society would be extremely difficult. Scientists have found that the left hemisphere is responsible for speech. Moreover, this is not limited only to the ability to pronounce words, but includes the whole complex of verbal functions.

Thanks to the adequate work of the brain, a person can read text, write. The level of development of the left half determines how successfully the skills of writing and reading will be mastered, including the speed of information perception. Considering what the left hemisphere is responsible for, it is necessary to remember the possibility of using speech. It is the brain in its left part that gives a person the opportunity to express thoughts and interact through words with the world around him. The development of social skills is another area of ​​responsibility of this part of our most basic internal organ (important along with the heart, of course).

We keep everything under control

Language abilities are not the only thing that is given to us thanks to the normal functioning of the half of the organ in question. To some extent, you can compare the brain with a mirror: the left half is responsible for the organs, the limbs on the right, the right - vice versa. To raise the right hand to take a step forward, starting with the right foot, one would have to activate the half of the brain on the left.

At the same time, the left hemisphere of the brain gives a person the ability to count. In fact, this function is implemented only through this half. If this part of the brain does not function properly, a person will not be able to perform mathematical, other precise calculations. If work is underway on a physical, mathematical problem, the brain sends appropriate signals to the body, which ultimately allows us to come to some answer. Such a mechanism is triggered when a person in his head tries to calculate the total amount of purchases or calculate his budget. If, within the framework of the school curriculum, a child shows non-standard success in mathematics, algebra, they say that his cerebral half is most strongly developed on the left.

There are no boundaries for perfection

Of course, against the background of the voiced information, any reasonable person will have a question: how to develop the left hemisphere? Everyone would like to become smarter, and improving the brain would help increase their abilities, at the same time - the quality of life. Scientists have developed several options, the application of which in practice helps to develop oneself to some extent. Many, for example, are convinced that physical activity has a positive effect on the brain. Here you need to remember the principle of the mirror. The improvement of the left half of the brain is possible through the development of the right half of the body. Of course, you don’t need to overdo it, it is desirable to train the whole body equally, but when observing “distortions”, it is worth remembering this pattern.

The task of the left half of the human brain is to provide logical thinking capabilities. In addition, the function of this part is the account. Therefore, by loading yourself with mathematical problems, you can thereby improve brain activity. The more questions a person considers, the higher his chances of improving himself and his thought processes. You should not immediately start with university problems in higher mathematics, first you should deal with fairly simple equations, gradually moving on to more and more complex questions. This approach has proven itself for a long time, it works and gives a good positive result.

What else to try?

As scientists say, logical thinking can be developed if you constantly solve crossword puzzles. It may seem incredible, but only at first glance. In fact, a person plunges headlong into the process, trying to guess which word is encoded, having the number of cells where the given one needs to fit. At the same time, success is possible only with the use of analytical abilities, namely the left half of our brain implements them.

Psychologists, who have repeatedly considered the problem of the development of the human brain, have proposed another effective option for the development of the brain. These are special tests, the regular passage of which helps to activate your abilities and train your brain. These can be found freely available on the World Wide Web or make an appointment with a doctor in your city. The doctor will select the most suitable options for a particular client and give recommendations on how to further improve your main thinking organ.

Together until the end of life!

A full life can only be lived by a person in whom both halves of the brain work equally effectively. Separately, they simply cannot be effective - this is how this body works. If a person is actively working on the development of one hemisphere, it is necessary to take measures to improve the capabilities of the second. By the way, the structure of our society stimulates such processes: people who simultaneously display both creative abilities and logical skills are most highly valued, popular both as an object of communication and as valuable workers. If you want to create a stable position for yourself, you need to carefully consider this, expanding your capabilities.

By the way, in our world there are left-handers and right-handers, whom everyone knows and heard about, but there are also special people - ambidexters. These are individuals in whom both halves of the brain are by nature very strongly developed, neither of them dominates the other. The most obvious indicator of belonging to this category is the ability to write equally well with both hands. However, doctors assure that any purposeful person can achieve impressive success if he makes efforts for his own development.

Some features of the functionality

It is known that due to the activity of the left half of the brain, a person can not only analyze and count, but also remember dates and events well. It is thanks to the activity of this half of the brain that we remember a variety of facts. That is, information is processed, classified, and further stored here. The sequence allows you to do this in a systematic and orderly manner, so that all the data does not mix into one indistinct mass of moments, pictures, words.

The part of the brain on the right perceives pictures better than words. A person in whom this part dominates can create, compose. Usually he has a good imagination, there is a predisposition to art, to create something new. The generation of creative ideas is also a property of such individuals. The right side of the brain is good at recognizing complex patterns. It is her area of ​​​​responsibility - human faces, reflecting emotions mimic movements. The data entering the brain is processed as a whole, without being divided into sequences.

What about me, doctor?

To determine which of the hemispheres dominates, you can pass simple tests. At the same time, different studies may show different results. People note that activity changes from time to time. However, more often this is typical for ambidexters.

It is believed that the brain develops most actively in the first few years of life. To provide your child with a better future, it is necessary to develop the child, play with him and develop new information processing skills. In the general case, it is believed that in childhood the hemisphere on the right dominates, since the knowledge of the world is due to visual information, and speech capabilities are not sufficiently developed.

Every person has left and right hemisphere of the brain, and if one of them dominates, then a functional interhemispheric asymmetry of the brain, which determines not only the leading side of the body (right-handed, left-handed), but also the ways of thinking, perception and imagination ...

In a word, depending on the leading hemisphere of the brain, their asymmetry, your character, your personality, the way you write your life script, your behavior and activities will largely depend on the ability to achieve certain results in life.
(leading hemisphere test)

Large hemispheres of the brain - functional interhemispheric asymmetry

Left hemisphere of the brain

Left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for the abstract-logical thinking of a person, i.e. thinking associated with the verbal (verbal) interpretation of concepts and phenomena. This is where speech comes in.
With the help of the left hemisphere of the brain, a person can speak, think, think logically and analyze situations, including the process of induction.

People with the leading (dominant) left hemisphere of the brain usually have a developed verbal intelligence, a large vocabulary, they are talkative, active, predictive and foresight.

Right hemisphere of the brain

Right hemisphere of the brain is responsible for spatial-figurative thinking (non-verbal), which ensures the integrity of perception.

A person with a predominance of the right hemisphere of the brain is usually predisposed to daydreaming, fantasies, to subtle and deep feelings and experiences, he has developed non-verbal intelligence, he is taciturn and slow.

Interhemispheric asymmetry of the brain

Interhemispheric asymmetry is only partially congenital (for example, right-handed, left-handed), it acquires greater significance in the process of development, training, education and socialization. For example, in a more educated person, the asymmetry of the hemispheres is higher than in a poorly educated person.

In a small child, a junior schoolchild, the leading hemisphere has not yet been determined, because. his speech apparatus (left) and, accordingly, verbal-logical thinking is still in development. This can be easily seen, for example, when a child writes mirror letters or draws, he can write, say, a soft sign and "b" and "d", or draw from right to left, and vice versa - this is not a mistake, he sees it that way, t .e. sometimes with the left hemisphere, and sometimes with the right.

Also, the interhemispheric asymmetry is affected by the upbringing of the child, usually, according to the traditional, male or female life scenario, the left hemisphere develops more in boys, and the right hemisphere in girls (the so-called male or female logic)

Asymmetry of the hemispheres affects the future activities of a person, the choice of his profession. So, people with a leading left hemisphere are better suited for professions related to speech, logical thinking, analysis of processes and situations.

For people with a dominant right hemisphere, which influences creative activity, creativity of thinking, artistry and artistry, more professions with a predominance of figurative thinking are more suitable.

Thus, depending on the predominance of one or another hemisphere of the brain, people can conditionally be divided into two types: the thinking type, with the left hemisphere leading, and the artistic type, with the right hemisphere leading.

As for relationships in the family, with children, with friends, loved ones, at work ... here, interhemispheric asymmetry in different people can help complement each other, and can also contribute to the growth of competition and confrontation.

For example, a left-brain dominant husband may well be a complement in family functioning to a right-brain dominant wife. In fact, it will be, provided that the family is understood as a unity of "WE", a kind of symbiosis, as well as within the personality itself - the left hemisphere complements the right one (and vice versa), i.e. the whole human brain works as a whole, and each part of it (hemisphere) performs its psychological functions.

But, if, figuratively speaking, the left hemisphere begins to engage in creativity, and the right hemisphere begins to engage in analysis and forecast, then there will be an intrapersonal conflict and inadequate perception, behavior, a split in the personality, and ... to the point of neurosis and psychopathology. (Something similar can happen in a family...)

Or, if there are two people in the family, a partner with one leading hemisphere, right or left, then competition and confrontation may arise.

Still, you can notice a slight asymmetry of the cerebral hemispheres in women and men who are poorly educated or have stopped developing their personality, who spend their time watching TV shows, these people can so quickly make the leader, then the right, then the left hemisphere, which they can simultaneously, especially for women, watch another series of melodrama and worry about the characters (right hemisphere), and, say, do household chores, for example, laundry (left hemisphere) ... by the way, hence the name: "Soap Opera".

Psychological problems and asymmetry of the left and right hemispheres of the human brain

Many methods of psychotherapy work specifically with the right hemisphere of the human brain, while the left hemisphere is trying to weaken or turn off completely, as, for example, with hypnotherapy.

Therefore, for psychoanalysis and psychotherapy, it is important to understand the interhemispheric asymmetry of a particular person.
Various methods and observations are used to diagnose the leading hemisphere of the brain. Sometimes it is enough for an experienced psychotherapist to have a conversation in order to understand the asymmetry of the human hemispheres.

Personal assistance of a psychologist (budget option)

Preliminary questions for a psychotherapist to provide psychological assistance online

Ecology of life: The brain is a complex and interconnected system, the largest and functionally important part of the central nervous system. Its functions include processing sensory information from the senses, planning, decision making, coordination, movement control, positive and negative emotions, attention, and memory. The highest function performed by the brain is thinking.

The brain is a complex and interconnected system, the largest and functionally important part of the central nervous system. Its functions include processing sensory information from the senses, planning, decision making, coordination, movement control, positive and negative emotions, attention, and memory. The highest function performed by the brain is thinking.

You can easily test which of the hemispheres of your brain is active at the moment. Look at this picture.

If the girl in the picture rotates clockwise, then at the moment you have more active left hemisphere of the brain (logic, analysis). If it turns counterclockwise, then you have an active right hemisphere (emotions and intuition).

In which direction is your girl spinning? It turns out that with some effort of thought, you can make the girl rotate in any direction. For starters, try looking at the picture with a defocused eye.

If you look at the picture at the same time with your partner, friend, girlfriend, acquaintances, it often happens that you simultaneously observe how the girl rotates in two opposite directions - one sees the rotation clockwise, and the other counterclockwise. This is normal, it's just that different hemispheres of the brain are active at the moment.

Areas of specialization of the left and right hemispheres of the brain

Schematically, this can be represented as follows:

This is, of course, a joke test, but it has some truth. Here is another version of the rotating picture.

After viewing these pictures, the double rotation image is of particular interest.

How else can you check which of the hemispheres you have more developed?

• squeeze your palms in front of you, now interlace your fingers and notice which thumb is on top.
• clap your hands, note which hand is on top.
• cross your arms over your chest, mark which forearm is on top.
• determine the dominant eye.

How can you develop the abilities of the hemispheres.

There are several simple ways to develop the hemispheres. The simplest of them is to increase the volume of work on which the hemisphere is oriented. For example, to develop logic, you need to solve mathematical problems, guess crossword puzzles, and to develop your imagination, visit an art gallery, etc.

The next way is to maximize the use of the side of the body controlled by the hemisphere - for the development of the right hemisphere, you need to work on the left side of the body, and to work out the left hemispheres - on the right. For example, you can draw, jump on one leg, juggle with one hand.

An exercise will help develop the hemisphere, on the awareness of the right and left hemispheres of the brain.

1. Preparation for the exercise.

Sit up straight, close your eyes. Breathing should be calm and even.

Visualize your brain as having two hemispheres and divided into two halves by the corpus callosum. (See picture above) Concentrate on your brain.

We try (in our imagination) to establish a connection with our brain, alternately looking with the left eye into the left hemisphere of the brain, and with the right eye into the right hemisphere. Then, with both eyes, we look inward, at the middle of the brain with the corpus callosum.

This will be of interest to you:

2. Performing the exercise.

Slowly inhale, fill with air and hold your breath for a short time. During exhalation, we direct the flow of our consciousness, like a searchlight, to the left hemisphere and "look" at this part of the brain. Then we inhale again, hold our breath and, as we exhale, direct the spotlight to the right hemisphere of the brain.

Imagine: on the left - clear logical thinking; on the right - dream, intuition, inspiration.

Left: inhalation, pause, exhalation is associated with the projection of the number. Right: inhalation, pause, exhalation is associated with the projection of the letter. Those. left: number "1" number "2" number "3", etc. Right: letter "A", letter "B", letter "C", etc.

We continue this combination of numbers and letters until it causes pleasant sensations. Letters and numbers can be swapped, or replaced with something else - for example, summer - winter, white - black. published