Skin diseases in humans: photos, causes and symptoms. A burgundy, reddish, or pink sore on the skin that is sometimes flaky or sore

An ulcer is a defect in the mucous membrane or skin, resulting from the destruction of superficial tissues. The causes of damage include a change in blood flow in the microvasculature and a decrease in regeneration processes. This condition may be a local manifestation of a general disease.

The reasons

Ulcers can complicate the course of a wide range of diseases, from diseases of the circulatory system to metabolic disorders. In particular, venous circulation disorders are associated with thrombophlebitis, arteriovenous fistulas and varicose veins. Violation of arterial circulation causes thrombosis, persistent vasospasm and embolism. A change in the function of the lymphatic drainage is characteristic of diabetes mellitus, anemia, scurvy and blood diseases. Skin ulcers can provoke malignant and benign tumors, injuries of various origins, neutrophic disorders and changes in the walls of blood vessels - atherosclerosis, syphilitic aortitis, Raynaud's disease, obliterating endarteritis.

Treatment

The recovery process may require complex treatment and a sufficiently long therapy. If an ulcer is a local manifestation of a disease, one can not hope for a quick result, because it is necessary to influence all parts of the pathological process. First of all, careful skin care, bed rest, immobilization of the diseased limb and physiotherapy measures such as sollux or ultraviolet radiation are required.

At the initial stage of the disease, frequent bandaging with hypertonic solutions is indicated. Proteolytic enzymes are used to release purulent contents. The cleaned surface of the ulcer is fixed with bandages with antiseptics, antibiotics in the form of powders and ointments. Great importance is attached to general therapeutic measures that contribute to the improvement of immunobiological and reparative processes in the body.

The decision on surgical intervention is made when conservative methods of treatment do not allow to achieve a positive result. At the same time, altered tissues and pathological scars are removed at the site of damage to the skin, and the resulting defect is covered with a skin graft. As compresses and solutions for washing the wound, traditional medicine is also widely used: freshly squeezed potato or cabbage juice, wild strawberries, lilac leaf juice, etc. Ointments based on arnica, pelargonium (room geranium) and comfrey have a good anti-inflammatory and wound healing effect.

V.N. Mordovtsev, V.V. Mordovtseva, L.V. Alchangyan

Central Research Dermatovenerological Institute of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow

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E rozivno-ulcerative lesions of the skin are a heterogeneous group of diseases for which a common feature is the violation of the integrity of the skin and the formation of a defect within the epidermis (erosion) or reaching the dermis proper (ulcer). The formation of erosions and ulcers can be caused by various reasons: they can form at the site of the primary cystic elements as a result of insufficient local blood circulation (ischemia), and also occur as a result of an infectious inflammatory process or injury. In the case of a chronic long-term non-healing ulcer, especially of unusual localization, a histological examination is necessary to exclude a malignant process (basalioma, squamous cell carcinoma, lymphoma, metastatic cancer). Thus, we can propose the following pathogenetic classification of the main erosive and ulcerative skin lesions, including mainly those dermatoses where the formation of ulcers is a consequence of the natural evolution of the pathological process, and not other changes (for example, infection of erosions).

Vesical dermatoses

• Pemphigus
• Epidermolysis bullosa

Circulatory failure

• Trophic ulcers of arterial origin
• Trophic ulcers of venous origin
• Neurotrophic ulcers
• Martorella ulcer

Inflammatory vascular disease

• Vasculitis (Wegener's granulomatosis, periarteritis nodosa, etc.)
• Pyoderma gangrenosum

traumatic

• Pathomimia

Infectious inflammatory processes

• Tuberculosis (scrofuloderma, Bazin's hardened erythema) and other mycobacterioses
• Leishmaniasis
• Pyoderma (ecthyma, chronic ulcerative vegetative pyoderma, chancriform pyoderma)

Pemphigus

The development of the disease is based on an autoimmune process in which antibodies are produced to various antigens of intercellular bridges - desmosomes, as a result of which epidermal cells lose contact with each other (acantholysis) and bubbles form.
Pemphigus is characterized by the development of bubbles with a flaccid tire, transparent contents, on the skin of the face, trunk, in the folds and on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. Often blisters and erosions in the oral cavity are the first manifestation of the disease. Under the weight of the exudate, large bubbles can take a pear-shaped shape. Blisters spontaneously open with the formation of extensive eroded areas of the skin. When sipping on the lid of the bladder, the phenomenon of stratification of the epidermis is observed on the adjacent area of ​​unaffected skin with an increase in the cavity of the bladder - a symptom of Nikolsky.
The disease often takes on a generalized character and a severe course with a threat to the life of the patient.

Epidermolysis bullosa

Epidermolysis bullosa/hereditary pemphigus (Fig. 1 in color inset, page 198) is a genetically determined disease, including over 20 clinical variants, characterized by a tendency of the skin and mucous membranes to develop blisters, mainly at the sites of minor mechanical trauma (friction, pressure, firm food). This is one of the most severe hereditary skin diseases, often resulting in death in young children and causing disability in adults.
It develops in the first days of life, can exist from birth, and also develop at a later age. The condition worsens in the summer months.
According to the level of formation of blisters in the epidermis, all forms of epidermolysis bullosa are divided into 3 groups: simple epidermolysis bullosa (intraepidermal blisters), borderline epidermolysis bullosa (bubbles in the zone of the basement membrane plate) and dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (bubbles between the epidermis and dermis).
The recessive-inherited forms are the most severe. They are characterized by a generalized eruption of blisters that slowly heal with scarring. The repeated occurrence of blisters on the skin of the hands, feet, in the area of ​​the knee, elbow, wrist joints leads to the development of cicatricial contractures, fusion of the fingers. Scarring of blisters on the mucous membranes of the digestive tract also ends with the development of strictures and obstruction. The course and prognosis are worsened by secondary infection of bullous elements and tumors that develop at the site of long-term erosive and ulcerative skin lesions.

Familial benign chronic pemphigus

Familial benign chronic pemphigus is manifested by grouped vesicular and vesicular eruptions, prone to recurrence, with predominant localization in the folds. Inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, most cases are familial.
The disease, as a rule, develops in puberty, but often at the age of 20-40 years. Clinically, multiple vesicles or small vesicles are identified. Favorite localization - neck, axillary, inguinal folds, navel area, under the mammary glands. Rashes can appear on the mucous membranes, take a generalized character. The elements quickly open, when they merge, lesions are formed with a weeping surface, tortuous erosions - cracks, between which there are vegetations in the form of low scallops, bordered by an edematous corolla growing along the periphery. Nikolsky's sign may be positive up close. Often there is a secondary infection.

pyoderma

Pyoderma most commonly develops in children and adolescents. It is caused by staphylococcal or streptococcal flora.
Ectima begins with a superficial pustule, flaccid, with cloudy contents, prone to peripheral growth. Gradually, the process becomes deep, acquires an infiltrative character, and a rounded ulcer is formed, covered with a dense crust.
Ulcerative vegetative pyoderma. Ulcerative-vegetative pyoderma is characterized by the development in place of pustules of ulcerated lesions of a purple-red color with uneven outlines. The surface is covered with papillomatous growths, in the area of ​​ulceration there is a purulent discharge.
shancriform pyoderma(Fig. 2 on color inset, p. 198). The ulcer in chancriform pyoderma resembles a syphilitic hard chancre. The disease begins with the appearance of a bubble, in place of which a painless erosion or ulcer forms with a compacted pinkish-red bottom and raised edges. In the meager serous-purulent discharge, staphylococci and streptococci are usually found. Regional nodes are dense, painless, not soldered to the underlying tissues.

Trophic ulcers

The most common cause of trophic ulcers is diseases of the venous vessels of the lower extremities. As a result of valve insufficiency, redistribution of blood occurs, an increase in pressure in the vessels, and a backflow of blood into the capillaries.
Venous ulcers are usually located on the lateral surfaces of the legs, as a rule, they are superficial and painless, with jagged edges. There are other signs of varicose veins - swelling of the limbs, varicose veins, hemorrhages (purpura) or hyperpigmentation of the skin as a consequence, eczema, white skin atrophy (a white scar covered with a network of dilated vessels) at the site of the previous ulcer.
Trophic ulcers of arterial origin are the result of atherosclerosis. They usually form in areas of poor blood supply - on the tips of the toes, the back of the feet, on the shins. Arterial ulcers are deep and painful, with smooth edges. The affected limb is pale, cold, the peripheral pulse is not palpable. Such a sign of chronic limb ischemia as the cessation of hair growth is characteristic. If left untreated, gangrene may develop.
Neurotrophic ulcers occur at the site of injury against the background of loss of sensitivity in the limb (for example, in diabetes). Most often, such ulcers develop over bony prominences (for example, in the calcaneus). Such ulcers are deep, painless and often covered with thick horny layers.
Ulcers in diabetes can also have another origin, namely, as a result of diabetic angiopathy. In these cases, as a rule, ulcers quickly progress to wet gangrene of the limb. Ulcerations can also be observed with necrobiosis lipoidis, which is often detected in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Martorella ulcer. It develops in patients with severe arterial hypertension on the skin of the legs as a result of spasm of small arteries. Ulcers are very painful, with smooth edges, surrounded by a halo of hyperemia.

Tuberculosis

Scrofuloderma. It is a secondary lesion of the skin during abscess formation in lymph nodes, bones or joints affected by tuberculosis. It is characterized by the appearance in the subcutaneous tissue of nodes of a rounded shape, dense to the touch. Initially, the nodes are mobile, but as they increase in size, they become soldered to the surrounding tissues. The skin over the nodes gradually acquires a bluish-red color. The nodes open with the formation of sluggishly granulating ulcers with irregular, stellate outlines and deep undermined edges. The discharge of ulcers is purulent-hemorrhagic or crumbly due to necrotic masses.
Compacted erythema of Bazin. The disease is based on deep allergic vasculitis in combination with panniculitis, caused by hypersensitivity to mycobacteria, which enter the skin mainly by the hematogenous route. The clinical picture is characterized by the appearance on the legs of symmetrical, deeply located knots of doughy and densely elastic consistency. The nodes are usually slightly painful, isolated from each other. The skin over the nodes as they grow becomes hyperemic, cyanotic, soldered to them. Part of the nodes in the center softens and ulcerates. The resulting ulcers are often shallow, have a yellow-red bottom, covered with flaccid granulations and serous-purulent discharge. The edges of the ulcers are steep, dense due to the corolla of the undisintegrated infiltrate.
Other mycobacterioses(Fig. 3 on color inset, p. 198). Mycobacterium marinum infection usually occurs in the aquatic environment (pool, fish tank, etc.) at the site of injury, more often on the limbs. An inflammatory nodule develops with a verrucous or hyperkeratotic surface, which can reach 3-4 cm in diameter. Subjectively marked itching, sometimes pain. The nodes often ulcerate. Ulcers are covered with crusts, when removed, a serous or purulent discharge is visible. The formation of child nodes, draining sinuses and fistulas is possible. When localized on the shoulder or forearm, the development of lymphangitis and inflammation of the regional lymph nodes are characteristic.

Leishmaniasis

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is an endemic infectious disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. In Russia, there are two varieties - the anthroponotic type (called Leishmania tropica minor) and the zoonotic type (called Leishmania tropica major). Carriers - various types of mosquitoes.
Anthroponotic type of cutaneous leishmaniasis. At the site of the bite, a small dense tubercle of flesh or reddish color with a shiny surface is formed. It grows slowly, in the center of it a depression forms. Then the tubercle disintegrates and ulcerates. The ulcer is usually shallow, with uneven, abrupt edges and scanty serous-purulent discharge or without it. Heals within a year or more with the formation of a scar.
Zoonotic type of cutaneous leishmaniasis. At the site of the bites, multiple acute inflammatory painful tubercles are formed, which quickly increase in size against the background of inflammatory edema of the skin. Quite quickly, ulcers are formed with steep edges and a necrotic bottom, abundant serous-purulent discharge, which sometimes shrinks into crusts. Along the periphery of the ulcers, there may be a significant inflammatory infiltrate, as well as small tubercles of seeding. From the process of formation of a tubercle to scarring of the ulcer, no more than 4-6 months pass.

Pathomimia

Pathomimia (dermatitis artefacta) (Fig. 4 on the color insert, p. 198)). Patomimia is often a manifestation of severe mental illness. In the presence of ulcers of bizarre outlines (for example, triangular or linear) and unusual localization, injury by the patient himself should be excluded in the first place. In typical cases, patients colorfully tell that when they woke up in the morning, they noticed suddenly formed red spots, in place of which ulcers rapidly developed. It is noteworthy that ulcers are localized only on those areas of the skin that the patient can reach. When taking an anamnesis, it is usually possible to establish that similar or even more strange cases have “happened” before.

Nodular periarteritis

This is a polysystemic necrotizing vasculitis affecting the arteries of small and medium diameter. In rare benign cases, there is an isolated involvement in the pathological process of the arteries of the skin, mainly of the lower extremities. It is characterized by the formation along the affected arteries of painful subcutaneous nodes prone to ulceration. The skin over the nodes is hyperemic. At the same time there is livedo reticularis. Patients complain of muscle pain, paresthesia, numbness of the extremities. Ulcerative necrotizing vasculitis is one of the most common forms of allergic vasculitis.

Wegener's granulomatosis

It is a chronic systemic vasculitis affecting the arteries and veins and the formation of granulomas in the upper respiratory tract and lungs. Characterized by nosebleeds, the formation of ulcers in the nasal and oral cavity. One of the main manifestations is glomerulitis.
More than half of the patients have skin rashes with predominant localization on the lower extremities. They are papular, vesicular, hemorrhagic. However, subcutaneous nodules prone to ulceration or ulcers resembling pyoderma gangrenosum are more common.

Pyoderma gangrenosum

This is a chronic condition of unknown etiology, most often observed in combination with systemic diseases such as chronic ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease. It is characterized by an acute onset with the appearance of a painful node or bubble with hemorrhagic contents, which opens and forms a painful ulcer with uneven, overhanging purple edges and a bottom covered with purulent exudate.

Treatment of erosive and ulcerative skin lesions

In addition to special (pathogenetic) drugs for the treatment of these diseases (for example, corticosteroids and immunosuppressants for pemphigus, systemic vasculitis, drugs that improve peripheral circulation (arterial and venous) for trophic ulcers; antibiotics for pyoderma, etc.) common to this group of diseases is a therapy aimed at stimulating the healing of erosions and ulcers. Well proven in the treatment of erosive and ulcerative skin defects zinc hyaluronate. Thanks to the hyaluronic acid that is part of the preparation, rapid epithelization of the foci occurs, and zinc provides an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect, which eliminates the need for the use of local anti-inflammatory and antibacterial drugs, which, as a rule, inhibit the healing process.

Skin diseases, diverse in their clinical picture and their causes.

Psoriasis and neurodermatitis of various origins, are dermatoses, which are most frequently encountered. All these diseases can occur against the background of neurological disorders, hereditary predisposition, existing diseases of the endocrine and immune systems.

With a decrease in the body's resistance, the development of viral, fungal and pustular dermatoses. One of the representatives of this group dermatoses is scabies. It occurs when the skin is infected by a tick bite.

Majority dermatoses are the result of symptoms of diseases of the internal organs. The consequences of the direct influence of internal organs on the general condition of the skin can be expressed in its pale appearance with anemia and yellowing with hepatitis. All kinds of metabolic disorders are displayed on the skin - in diabetes mellitus ( pruritus, furunculosis), with vitamin deficiency (discoloration). all sorts of skin rashes often appear in patients with impaired hematopoietic system (lymphomas, leukemias, lymphogranulomatosis). Carious teeth, chronic sinusitis, tonsillitis contribute to the development psoriasis, hives,lupus erythematosus,exudative erythema and others dermatoses.

There are also congenital skin diseases that can arise from intrauterine infection ( congenital syphilis), or genetically (hereditarily) determined. Each type of disease has its own characteristic picture, which must be taken into account when establishing a diagnosis.

Symptoms of sores on the skin

At different age stages of a person dermatosis may have different clinical features. So, dermatosis that occurs in childhood can be characterized by frequent manifestations of hereditary skin diseases and congenital malformations.

During puberty, typical acne vulgaris, seborrhea. scabies disease in children it appears on the legs, soles, legs, in infants sometimes even on the face, which is not found in adults. In children psoriasis generally passes easier than in adults, but stands out with pronounced exudation.

For more advanced age are characteristic - senile dermatitis, which develop after 40-50 years ( keratomas, skin atrophy, senile warts, hemosiderosis skin, etc.). The causative agents of all these diseases can be pyogenic bacteria (pyococci), mostly streptococci and staphylococci, which are everywhere in the surrounding nature - on the surface of the skin, household items, clothes, in the air. But they can cause a disease in case of damage to the skin and with a decrease in the body's immunity. The factors that predispose to this include industrial and domestic microtrauma (shots, cuts, abrasions, abrasions), overheating, hypothermia, pollution, etc.

One of the most common groups dermatosis, are fungal skin diseases, among them there are diseases that are characterized by contagiousness (pronounced contagiousness). Some separate groups form diseases that can be generated by yeast-like fungi, affecting mainly the nails, feet, skin folds, and the skin of the body. Their development is facilitated by physical activity, sweating, irrational clothing, non-observance of personal hygiene rules, etc.

Infection with them is possible in common showers, baths, saunas, pools. Viral infectious infections occupy a significant place in infectious diseases of the skin. These include herpetic infection, molluscum contagiosum, warts. Oncological dermatoses make up a significant group in diagnostic terms, capable of developing in a malignant neoplasm of internal organs and are often their first symptoms.

Causes of sores on the skin

Dermatosis can appear as a result of exposure to external and internal causes at any age. Internal factors include long-term inflammatory and infectious diseases, metabolic pathologies of the endocrine system, allergies, diseases of the blood vessels and blood, intoxication as a result of poisoning or prolonged fever.

External factors that contribute to the appearance of dermatoses can be mechanical damage, household chemical components, cosmetics, insect bites, contact with stinging plants, occupational allergens, piercings, tattoos, etc.

Sometimes the occurrence of dermatoses is possible with stress, endocrine pathologies, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and other diseases that accompany the disease and can undermine the body's immune system.

Treatment of sores on the skin

Using special dosage forms (lotions, solutions, powders, creams, ointments, pastes, jellies, agitated suspensions, soaps, adhesives, varnishes, patches) it is possible to dose pharmacological agents, regulate their penetration depth into the skin, and due to the physical properties of medicinal forms, to have a symptomatic therapeutic effect.

Physiotherapy, diet therapy, as well as spa treatment are widely used. Among the considerable variety of pharmacological preparations, a group of drugs with dermatotropic effects stands out. The drugs have a specific effect of active substances, cause an effect on skin cells in all layers, which successfully allows them to be used as part of complex therapy. dermatoses.

To identify the infectious nature of the disease, the appointment of an antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral orientation is required. Development dermatoses, is almost always accompanied by the manifestation of inflammation, which is successfully stopped with the help of drugs of the glucocorticosteroid group. During the action of a number of drugs, there is an acceleration of the processes of reparation of the skin integuments, their restoration and purification. The choice of each drug, the method and form of its administration is prescribed by the doctor, taking into account the stage of development of the disease, its specificity, gender and age of the patient, as well as the presence of other diseases.

The child has ulcers on the body

The main symptom of the disease is the formation of purulent blisters (conflict) on the skin, which have a round shape and sometimes a flaky surface. Their number, size and distribution areas depend on the clinical picture, in one patient they can appear on the limbs as separate formations, in another as a small rash in the lower body. However, in any case, they will contain a hazy white-honey liquid.

Streptococcal flora is considered conditionally dangerous, as it is often present in the body and does not cause harm. But any weakening of health and bacteria begin to multiply unrestrained by the immune system:

• hypothermia;
• Poor nutrition;
• Sleep deprivation.

Their waste products enter the bloodstream, poisoning the body.

If your child has characteristic rashes on the body - it's time to sound the alarm, maybe it's just streptoderma(pyoderma).

How can you get infected?

So, in order for the infection to begin to spread in the body, it is necessary to weaken the immune system, and it is easy to get infected:

1. Airborne. Staying in crowded places, especially in poorly ventilated areas (offices, public transport, school) increases the chance of infection. People who sneeze and cough are a direct source of streptococcus, especially if you are nearby in a stuffy room when the concentration of bacteria increases;
2. Household- when you share the same dishes and linens with someone. Through microtraumas of the skin (and almost everyone has them) or mucous membranes of the oral cavity, bacteria can easily enter the body if you finished your tea after a friend who was visiting you;
3. sexual- with intimacy, since these microorganisms are also found in the organs of the reproductive system of men and women;
4. Alimentary- non-observance of the simplest rules of hygiene;
5. Medical- when examined with a non-disinfected instrument.

Children are more likely to be hit, because their immune system is less perfect than that of an adult, and the concentration of bacteria in organized children's groups is extremely high (kindergarten, school, hobby groups).

Other symptoms of pyoderma

In addition to sores on the skin, pyoderma is characterized by such manifestations:

• Skin itching, sometimes severe, more like a burning sensation;
• The formation of age spots at the site of healing lesions;
• Lack of appetite;
• Superficial peeling in the affected area;
• Sometimes - an increase in lymph nodes;
• Rarely - fever.

Like any disease, pyoderma has an incubation period, the clinical picture begins to develop approximately 7 days after infection, it is after this that rashes appear.

Streptoderma is often confused with other skin pathologies - eczema, urticaria, lichen, so doctors sometimes prescribe ineffective treatment, especially at the initial stage.

You need to be careful - to achieve more thorough examination and point to the purulent-serous nature of the formations, because with improper treatment, irreversible serious consequences can develop.

Why is pyoderma dangerous?

With improper treatment, there is a possibility of developing a chronic form with a relapsing course. In this case, the ulcers merge into single foci, which are spots with exfoliating dead skin.

At the moments of calm of the disease, the appearance of new bubbles stops, however, the previously affected places continue to peel off, becoming covered with scales.

The prolonged existence of the focus leads to an increase in the sensitivity of the skin, now any living organisms can harm the epidermis in the affected areas. This process leads to microbial eczema with the appearance of eczematous wells.

Often the rash is covered with drops of serous fluid, which prevents the sores from healing.

Among other things, streptoderma can lead to the following complications:

• Purulent otitis;
• Rheumatism;
• Vasculitis;
• Chronic lymphadenitis;
• Sepsis;
• Erysipelas.

There are cases of the development of more serious diseases - heart defects, kidney pathologies.

Therefore, it is extremely important to treat the disease correctly and not to self-medicate.

How to treat streptoderma?

What will be the treatment depends on the clinical manifestations:

• If single sores appear and there are no signs of poisoning of the body, it is possible to get by with local therapy - purulent vesicles are opened, treated with brilliant green, a dry bandage is applied on top. The crusts are treated with salicylic vaseline and removed;
• With more common forms, antibiotics are prescribed inside (Amoxicillin, Sumamed, Amoxiclav) and antibacterial pastes outside (erythromycin, linuomycin);
• When the patient experiences severe itching, antihistamines are recommended;
• To prevent the disease from spreading when combing, the nails are smeared with brilliant green.

In addition to this, it is advisable to put the patient on a diet in which he will not eat sweet and spicy foods, as they provoke the release of serous fluid. Also, additional vitamin therapy that strengthens the immune system will not be superfluous.

So, if you find sores on the body of a child and they are purulent-serous in nature, perhaps we are talking about infection with streptococcus.

Be sure to see a doctor, do not hope that they will pass on their own - this is just the case when self-treatment is dangerous with consequences.

Video about baby rash and skin ulcers

In this video, pediatrician Komarovsky will talk about the causes of rashes and sores on the skin of babies, how to get rid of them:

Skin ulcers refer to defects in the skin and mucous membranes. They are formed because of which they do not heal for a long time after the necrotic dead areas fall off. Ulcers on the skin appear due to a sharp decrease in regeneration processes, with metabolic disorders in the body, and other painful human conditions.

Causes

A skin ulcer, the symptoms of which depend on the provoking disease, may be the result of:

• traumatic injuries of various origins (thermal, mechanical, electrical, chemical or radiation);
• malignant and benign tumors, which are sometimes covered with ulcers (lymphogranulomatosis, sarcoma);
• venous circulation disorders (with thrombophlebitis, arteriovenous fistulas, varicose veins);
• disorders of arterial circulation (with thrombosis, embolism, resistant;
• violations of lymphatic drainage (with blood diseases, diabetes, anemia, scurvy);
• various infections;
• neurotrophic disorders (with tumors, progressive paralysis);
• changes in the walls of blood vessels (with atherosclerosis, syphilitic aortitis,

Complications

Ulcers on the skin are dangerous with various complications:

• accession of an infection;
• secondary bleeding from damaged vessels;
• penetration (growth of an ulcer near the organs or perforation in the cavity), which interferes with the work of the organs and disrupts their functions;
• degeneration of ulcers into malignant (the so-called malignancy).

Treatment of ulcers

Skin ulcers are treated taking into account the underlying disease, so the approach must be comprehensive. For the treatment of external manifestations, conventional means are used with mandatory thorough skin care, bed rest, limb immobilization, physiotherapy measures such as ultraviolet radiation or sollux.

Ulcers on the skin of a child and the initial stages of the disease are treated by frequent bandaging with additionally, proteolytic enzymes are used to cleanse pus. Bandages with antiseptics and ointments are applied to the cleaned ulcer.

It is also important to carry out general therapeutic measures aimed at improving the reparative or immunobiological processes in the body. This means a complete diet rich in vitamins, as well as blood substitutes and immunomodulators.

Surgical methods of treatment are used only in cases where conservative ones are ineffective. At the same time, pathological scars and altered tissues are removed from the ulcer. The tissue defect is covered with a skin graft. When prescribing adequate treatment, it is important to consider the pathogenesis of ulcer formation. Therapy is aimed at restoring tissues and stopping diseases that have affected the formation of an ulcer. To consolidate the positive effect after the elimination of the ulcer on the skin, sanatorium treatment is indicated with the inclusion of measures to increase immunity and vitamin therapy.