On the 6th day, the runny nose does not go away. Washing the nasal cavity with solutions. Herbal and oily - moisturize and soften

03.09.2016 47379

Long lasting phenomenon. It is accompanied by breathing problems, itching, headache, and nasal discharge.

Quality treatment takes place within a week. If not an adult, then see a doctor.

A protracted runny nose has many causes from an allergic reaction to infectious diseases.

Causes of a prolonged runny nose in an adult

Prolonged runny nose occurs as a result of the following reasons:

1. During a cold, a full-fledged treatment was not provided, and after the illness, the runny nose still continues.
2. The use of drops leads to the development of the chronic stage.
3. an adult occurs under the influence of an allergic reaction.
4. Symptoms linger after injury. Inflammation of the mucous membrane occurs after mechanical, thermal or chemical damage. If the injury is small, then wound healing agents are used. In difficult cases, surgery helps.
5. Prolonged rhinitis appears when exposed to aggressive substances. Copious mucus arises from smog and smoke.
6. A prolonged runny nose in an adult occurs as a result of complications after influenza or SARS. Do not delay the treatment of the disease.
7. Sinusitis is one of the causes of long-term illness. These are frontal sinusitis, sinusitis, ethmoiditis and sphenoditis.
8. One of the causes of prolonged rhinitis is dry air in the room. This happens during the heating period with heaters. A humidifier is used to increase the humidity in the air.
9. Common causes include weak immunity and the development of adenoids.

You need to find out the causes of the problem. To treat the disease, it is worth strengthening the immune system.

Prolonged runny nose in an adult is characterized by the following symptoms:

• the appearance of abundant mucus;
• difficulty with nasal breathing;
• lack of smell;
• itching;
• the appearance of headaches;
• accumulation of mucus in the nasopharynx;
• there is insomnia and fatigue.

It involves stimulating the immune system, restoring the mucosa and preventive measures.

medicinal rhinitis

Medicinal rhinitis is determined by a significant duration. It occurs as a result of long-term use of drugs that have a vasoconstrictor effect.

Medicines with a similar effect help with nasal congestion, but if they are taken regularly, then over time the swelling will become worse. In this case, addiction to the drug occurs and the nose is constantly stuffy.

Drug rhinitis occurs as a side effect of medications.

It has the following symptoms:

1. Manifested by transparent discharge from the nose and resembles an allergic reaction.
2. This causes congestion in the nasal passages.
3. The mucosa acquires a bright red hue.
4. There is swelling of the nasal cavity.
5. The nose is burning and dry.

It often occurs in people with heart and vascular problems.

How to cure an ailment

If a runny nose does not go away in an adult for a long time, then the following procedures are used:

1. Laser treatment is applied.
2. Physiotherapy will help cure a long runny nose in an adult.
3. In difficult cases, an operative method is used.

Allergic rhinitis in the treatment involves the following areas:

1. Identification and exclusion of the allergen.
2. means: loratadine, zyrtec or citrine.

This type of runny nose is treated by an allergist. Rheumatoid rhinitis requires a special approach.

Treat with baths, inhalations or healthy drinks.

If the disease does not go away, then the doctor prescribes washings and antibiotics.

1. If the body temperature is not elevated, then warming up the legs with mustard baths is used.
2. Inhalations are carried out with the addition of essential oils or herbal preparations.
3. It is recommended to instill the nose with juice from natural vegetables.
4. Hot drinks with an immunostimulating effect are consumed.
5. sinuses.
6. The doctor prescribes oral medications.

Special treatment is required for pregnant women and for people with chronic diseases.

Folk methods

Treatment of a protracted runny nose in adults with folk remedies involves washing with the following solutions:

1. Decoctions from the following herbs are effective: calendula, chamomile, eucalyptus leaves.
2. Washing is performed with a solution of a drop of iodine, 1 teaspoon of salt and a glass of warm water.
3. When allergic or salt.

A protracted runny nose in an adult can be cured with the help of inhalations from herbal mixtures: oregano, linden or chamomile.

With a cold, drops of natural origin are used. For this, juices are made from Kalanchoe, garlic, or you can treat a runny nose with aloe.

Aloe is applied as follows:

1. The leaves are washed and wiped dry.
2. Then they should be wrapped in dark paper and left in the refrigerator for 12 hours.
3. Then the juice is squeezed out.
4. The juice is used throughout the day and should be at room temperature.
5. Buried in a few drops, four times a day.

Mummy is used for a cold. For this, 0.4 grams of the substance is taken and diluted in 50 ml of warm water. Bury should be 3 drops. A solution based on peach oil is made from the mummy.

0.1 gram of the substance is diluted with oil in a ratio of 1 to 5.

The advantage of natural remedies is that they do not harm the body and have a minimum of side effects. But do not actively self-medicate. If you are sick, you need to visit a doctor.

Preventive measures are being taken. You should not visit crowded places during periods of epidemics, avoid hypothermia of the legs and colds. At any time of the year, it is necessary to strengthen the immune system.

Other preventive measures include:

1. Avoidance of irritating allergens: cigarette smoke or spicy food.
2. Clean your home regularly to avoid dust buildup and dust mites breeding.
3. Carry out systematic humidification of the room.
4. Use a variety of herbal washes.

Means for treatment: tablets, drops and spray

To cure a long runny nose in an adult, it is necessary to find out the exact cause of its appearance.

If a viral infection is present in the body, then viferon suppositories, anaferon or arbidol tablets are used.

During treatment, an adult should use moisturizers. To cleanse the nasal cavity are used: aqualor, aquamaris or salin. Moisturizers are based on sea water.

With abundant discharge from the nose and inflammation, drugs such as coldact, rinza or coldrex are prescribed.

Treatment of a prolonged runny nose in adults occurs with the help of vasoconstrictor medications.

These sprays or drops contain the following substances:

1. Xylometazoline is found in xymelin.
2. Oxymetazoline in Nasol or Nazivin.
3. Sanorin contains naphazoline.

The drugs differ in duration of action. Do not use them for more than a week.

For complications, antibiotics are used. Such drugs are used in the form of aerosols. They have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties.

The following drugs are distinguished: isofra, bioparox. Antibiotics are not used for viral diseases.

The choice of drug and method of treatment depends on the nature and duration of the common cold.

If an adult patient does not have a runny nose for more than 2 weeks, it is necessary to change the complex treatment regimen, otherwise the snot becomes chronic. Progressive rhinitis disturbs breathing, shortens the sleep phase and makes the patient nervous, irritable. If a runny nose does not pass for a month, the case is close to chronic sinusitis, and with bacterial infections, sputum with purulent discharge accumulates in the nasal passages. In case of inflammation of the mucosa, it is required to contact an otolaryngologist in a timely manner, undergo a detailed diagnosis in a hospital.

What is a runny nose

A symptom of acute inflammation of the nasal mucosa is a runny nose. Rhinitis is equally characteristic of adults and children, requires timely response measures. This is not an independent disease, but only an unpleasant condition in viral and infectious diseases, which disrupts nasal breathing, is accompanied by mucosal edema, and provokes constant nasal congestion. In addition, this is a consequence of a weakened immune system, so a long runny nose is treated comprehensively. It is important to eliminate not only its manifestation in the body, but also the cause.

How long does a runny nose last in an adult

A cold is often accompanied by a severe cough, fever, frequent sneezing, and a runny nose. If timely treatment is carried out with conservative methods, rhinitis disappears in a week. With improper treatment, nasal congestion does not go away for a very long time, and the disease becomes chronic. In the future, a runny nose is accompanied by sharp pains when trying to clear the nasal passages with mucous secretions.

Why does a runny nose go away in an adult

With an allergic rhinitis, a positive trend is observed if doctors first eliminate the allergen. Otherwise, the use of vasoconstrictor drugs is not highly effective, stable therapeutic effect. In the fight against vasomotor rhinitis, on the contrary, the release of transparent snot does not stop under the influence of long-term drug treatment, in the presence of extensive lesions of the central nervous system and pathologies of the cardiovascular system. If we talk about common pathogenic factors, these are presented below:

• prolonged hypothermia of the body;
• prolonged contact with carriers of a pathogenic infection;
• incorrectly selected medicines (typically for patients with drug rhinitis);
• mucosal injury;
• complication of SARS, colds;
• anomalies with the nasal septum;
• diseases of the sinus node: sinusitis, sinusitis, ethmoiditis, frontal sinusitis, sphenoiditis;
• prolonged rhinitis;
• weakened immunity;
• physiological features of the nasal passages.

Prolonged runny nose in infants

Symptoms of sinusitis can begin in infancy, when parents begin to notice that a runny nose does not go away for more than 2 weeks. It is required to contact a specialist in a timely manner, to determine the cause of nasal congestion. At such an early age, this is a manifestation of a viral or infectious disease, but there are other explanations for childhood pathology:

• traumatic runny nose caused by mechanical damage to the mucous membrane of the nasal passages;
• drug rhinitis is caused by exposure to the synthetic components of individual drugs;
• the infection can enter the child's nasal passages with dust;
• a runny nose is the result of exposure to an allergen, dry air in the room;
• vasomotor rhinitis is caused by improperly selected drug therapy.

Possible complications of persistent cold

If the runny nose does not go away for 2 weeks, it is necessary to change the conservative treatment, otherwise other pathological processes of the body develop. The patient becomes nervous and angry, the sense of smell and taste are lost, the sleep phase is significantly disturbed. Washing the nasal passages is no longer highly effective, radical decisions are needed on the part of the otolaryngologist. Potential complications include:

• otitis;
• sinusitis;
• sinusitis;
• polyps;
• frontitis.

What to do if rhinitis does not go away

Snot can be cured if you perform home inhalation, for example, with sea buckthorn oil. Additionally, you need to pay attention to nasal drops, which have an anti-inflammatory and vasoconstrictive effect. If after the second week of such treatment there are no improvements, and the runny nose does not go away, it is urgent to contact an otolaryngologist and slightly change the intensive care regimen. Here are the valuable recommendations of experts strictly according to indications:

1. If the cause of a runny nose is the addition of a bacterial infection, the doctor prescribes the use of systemic antibiotics. It can be Augmentin, Erythromycin, Amoxicillin.
2. If an allergen is to blame for chronic rhinitis, the first step is to eliminate it, and then use vasoconstrictors and antihistamines inside, nasally.
3. Vasomotor rhinitis is dangerous with serious complications, so the approach to the health problem is complex.
4. If problems with the nasal septum predominate, the correction is carried out mainly by surgical methods.
5. If a runny nose joins a sore throat, an exacerbation of acute tonsillitis is possible, which must be treated with antibiotics and local antiseptics (for example, salt solution sprays).

Medications

When a runny nose does not go away for 2 weeks in an adult, we are talking about a chronic disease that is already difficult to treat conservatively. Doctors prescribe complex therapy aimed at the productive extermination of pathogenic flora, elimination of unpleasant symptoms, restoration of the injured mucosa, elimination of inflammation, itching and swelling. If the runny nose does not go away for a long time, the presence of the following pharmacological groups and their effective representatives is appropriate:

1. With allergic rhinitis, antihistamines are prescribed (Erius, Aleron), and in complicated clinical pictures - corticosteroids in drops (Beclomethasone, Nasonex).
2. For bacterial infections, antibiotics are needed (Ceftriaxone, Neomycin), for viruses, antiviral drops (Grippferon, Nazoferon).
3. With SARS and colds, vasoconstrictor drops in each nasal sinus help in a full course of 7-10 days. These are Nazol, Nazivin, Naphthyzin.
4. Medicines with saline solutions are universal, among them are medicines Humer, Aquamaris, Marimer.

Antibacterial drugs

In complicated clinical pictures, when a runny nose does not go away for more than 2 weeks, doctors resort to antibiotic therapy. In this case, we are talking about the systemic effect of antibiotics in the form of tablets (Flemoxin Solutab, Augmentin, Amoxiclav) and the local effect of antibiotic sprays directly on the focus of pathology (Framycetin, Neomycin). The following medications have proven themselves well:

1. Flemoxin Solutab. It is produced in the form of tablets with a concentration of the active ingredient of 125, 250 and 500 g. It is recommended to take 1 pill three times a day, while treating a runny nose for 5 to 7 days.
2. Neomycin. This is an antibiotic in the form of an aerosol, which is supposed to be used externally on the focus of pathology up to 3 times a day for 7 to 10 days. When the desired result is not observed, it is desirable to replace the antibiotic agent.

Antihistamines

With a runny nose, representatives of such a pharmacological group productively relieve irritation of the mucous membrane, remove swelling and a feeling of itching, burning. Antihistamines in the form of nasal sprays are appropriate for use if the cause of snot was exposure to a strong allergen, an allergic reaction. Here are effective medicines in a given direction:

1. Naphthyzin. These are nasal drops and a spray with a clear solution, which are supposed to carefully treat the inflamed mucous membrane of the nasal passages up to 2-3 times a day for a week.
2. Sanorin. Nasal drops productively remove the unpleasant signs of allergies. In each sinus, 2-3 drops are required to be instilled throughout the day. The course of treatment is 7 days, no more.

Surgical intervention

If a runny nose does not go away for more than a month, while the patient complains of complicated nasal breathing and sleep problems, the otolaryngologist recommends surgical intervention strictly for medical reasons. An urgent operation is especially appropriate if the patient has a deviated nasal septum, which provokes permanent rhinitis. In the absence of such an anatomical defect, surgical intervention is appropriate for complicated vasomotor rhinitis. Here's what you need to know about an operation such as submucosal vasotomy:

1. The main goal is to remove thin capillary plexuses of the mucous membrane in order to avoid their expansion and growth.
2. The advantages of the procedure are a high degree of efficiency, low trauma, minimal rehabilitation period.
3. Such surgical intervention is performed using radio- and electrosurgical technologies, which eliminates the possibility of bleeding and infection of the mucosa.
4. The operation is carried out for 15-20 minutes, while doctors use local anesthesia.
5. Preliminary hospitalization is not required, moreover, the patient can leave the clinic a couple of hours after the operation.

Folk methods

If a runny nose does not go away for a long time, it is unlikely that it will be possible to cure it only by alternative methods. However, such folk remedies can become an effective additional therapy, since they significantly accelerate the desired therapeutic effect, facilitate the general condition of the patient - especially nasal breathing. Here are some home recipes otolaryngologists recommend paying special attention to:

1. Combine in one container 100 g of warm peach oil and 1 g of mummy. Mix the resulting composition until smooth, store in the refrigerator, use as nasal drops. It is required to lower 2-3 drops into each nasal passage up to 3-4 times a day. The course is no more than 7 days.
2. Peel 2 onions, chop in a blender, pour 1 tbsp. boiling water. Stir the composition, insist until warm under a tightly covered lid. Then add 1 tbsp. l. honey, bring the medicine to a state of uniformity, instill into the nasal passages 2-3 drops 4-6 times a day for a week.

Treatment of rhinitis during pregnancy

In the first trimester, the expectant mother, against the background of weakened immunity, may face the manifestation of vasomotor rhinitis. This is a consequence of a radical restructuring of the hormonal background, which is difficult to eliminate by conservative methods. Doctors recommend that their pregnant patients temporarily abandon the official methods of treating the common cold, and to ensure positive dynamics, stick more to alternative medicine. Here are effective and safe means in a given direction:

1. Hard boil 2 eggs, then place each in several layers of gauze and apply to the inflamed sinuses. Do not remove such a compress until it is completely cooled, repeat the procedure preferably in the morning and evening. The course of treatment is until the symptoms of rhinitis completely disappear.
2. For washing the nose, it is allowed to use solutions from table and sea salt. You can prepare the composition at home or buy complete analogues in the form of medical preparations Aquamaris or Humer at the pharmacy. Use up to 3-5 times a day until the anxiety symptoms disappear completely.

Video

Most adults in the cold season are characterized by such a phenomenon as a prolonged runny nose. When it appears, you can safely talk about the upcoming cold - this is one of the first characteristic signs. Often, rhinitis can occur on its own. Prolonged runny nose is considered to be a rhinitis that does not pass for two weeks. Only a person with strong immunity can bypass an unpleasant ailment. But what to do if a runny nose does not give rest, and the usual medicines do not give the desired results?

If an adult has a runny nose for a long period of time, then this may be due to several reasons:

1. Accommodations. A sick person should pay attention to the main irritants - the presence of household dust at home. Or an allergic reaction of the body is provoked by a dust mite.
2. Environmental influence. When working conditions include staying in a poorly ventilated room with a large accumulation of dust, then, therefore, chronic allergic rhinitis may develop.
3. Often the cause of a prolonged runny nose is a constant stay in a room with very dry air. This mainly happens when the heating season begins.
4. Autoimmune ailments (psoriasis, Wegener's granulomatosis).

Advice! To eliminate the main provocateur of a runny nose - dry air, which leads to dryness of the nasal mucosa, you should purchase a humidifier.

Otolaryngologists identify another important cause of a constant runny nose - congenital pathologies. As a result, problems begin with the regulation of mucus in the nasopharynx. This phenomenon leads to a curvature of the nasal septum.

Very rarely, a runny nose can be a consequence of hereditary ailments, in particular Kartagener's syndrome. The essence of the disease lies in the problematic functioning of the ciliated valve (it is thanks to it that mucus is removed). In case of violations, stagnant processes are observed, which lead to the accumulation of mucus not only in the nasopharynx, but also in the bronchi. As a result, a prolonged runny nose is accompanied by a cough with expectoration of yellow-green mucus.

medicinal rhinitis

One of the most common phenomena found among adults is drug-induced rhinitis. It arises as a result of the unreasonable use of therapy during colds, in particular vasoconstrictor nasal drops. However, drug runny nose can occur as a side effect after using antiviral drugs. Recognizing such rhinitis is very simple, it manifests itself as abundant transparent discharge, reminiscent of a common allergy. Additionally, nasal congestion may be observed.

It is important! Rebound runny nose - this is the name given to prolonged rhinitis, provoked by prolonged use of vasoconstrictor drugs. A similar result will be observed with overdoses of vasoconstrictor sprays.

Types of rhinitis

Before the patient begins treatment, it is necessary to find out what types of runny nose can be divided into. Two main types have been identified - allergic or, in other words, vasomotor and infectious, resulting from a cold. In both cases, the doctor will conduct an examination to determine the exact cause of persistent rhinitis. You should think about going to the doctor when a runny nose has been observed for more than ten days.

Four main types

Note! Protracted rhinitis may occur after treatment with antidepressants, after taking hypertensive drugs and hormonal medications. TOnly an otolaryngologist can establish the exact cause.

How to cure a protracted runny nose quickly and without consequences

General measures include keeping the patient in bed, drinking plenty of fluids and using inhalations. Such measures are effective in the early stages, when rhinitis has not become chronic.

When the disease manifests itself more clearly (nasal congestion, copious mucus discharge) and progresses, it is recommended to use vasoconstrictor drops that can make breathing easier. Additionally, the doctor may prescribe the use of combined drugs. When the patient does not get better, antibiotics are mandatory. Their action can be supplemented by washing with special solutions and inhalations.

Therapy for the treatment of a protracted runny nose consists of several areas:

1. Warming up the lower extremities with mustard baths.
2. Carrying out herbal inhalations (for the best effect it is necessary to use essential oils).
3. The use of natural juice for instillation of nasal passages (onion, aloe juice).
4. Abundant drinking of immuno-strengthening herbal decoctions.
5. Massage effect on the sinuses.
6. The use of drug therapy.
7. The use of physiotherapy.
8. laser treatment.

Attention! Special care should be taken in the treatment of a protracted runny nose if the patient has chronic ailments. It is also very important to determine the correct therapy during pregnancy.

Medical treatment

To quickly cure protracted rhinitis, its cause should be established. In this case, you can not resort to self-medication, as this can aggravate the clinical picture.

During treatment, the patient must apply moisturizers. For example, in order to cleanse the sinuses, you can purchase drugs such as Aqualor or salin. Such preparations consist of sea water, which has a beneficial effect on the condition of the nasal mucosa.

If the patient has an abundant discharge of mucus and there is an inflammatory process, then it is recommended to use Coldrex or Koldakt. But, basically, vasoconstrictor drugs are used to eliminate protracted rhinitis, unless the runny nose was provoked by the use of such drugs. The most effective is considered to be Nazivin, Xymelin, Nafazoline. In order not to be addictive, you should not use drops for more than one week.

If a patient has a prolonged runny nose accompanied by complications, then the otolaryngologist selects antibiotics. They are used in the form of aerosols. When the nature of the disease is viral in nature, then antibiotics are contraindicated. Used to treat chronic rhinitis Bioparox and Isofra.

What to do if prolonged allergic rhinitis?

First of all, the patient should visit an allergist and an otolaryngologist to establish the exact root cause of a prolonged runny nose. After this, the patient is assigned a series of studies, according to which the main allergen will be determined.

Antihistamines are the mainstay of treatment for chronic allergic rhinitis. Some of the most effective are Tsetrin and Loratadine. Auxiliary therapy can be the use of inhalations based on herbal preparations and essential oils.

Treatment with folk remedies

The basis of non-traditional treatment of a long runny nose in an adult is washing:

1. The composition of eucalyptus, chamomile and calendula perfectly counteracts down the drain.
2. With prolonged rhinitis, an iodine solution is used (a few drops of iodinol and a spoonful of salt are needed for a glass of water).

In parallel, other methods are used:

1. Herbal inhalations (chamomile, oregano, linden).
2. Natural drops from plant juice (kalanchoe, aloe, garlic).

Aloe drops

This plant has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, so it copes well with all types of rhinitis. In order to get rid of an annoying runny nose, you should prepare the simplest nasal drops:

1. If there is a plant in the house, then its leaves will be required (cut off, washed and wiped dry).
2. Then the leaves are wrapped in paper and sent for the whole night in the refrigerator.
3. In the morning, the raw material is taken out and juice is squeezed out of it.
4. Ready drops are instilled into the sinuses up to four times a day until the unpleasant symptoms go away.

Mummy against a lingering cold

To quickly overcome a chronic runny nose, it is recommended to use drops based on mountain wax. To prepare them, you must perform the following manipulations:

1. A small amount of mummy (0.5 g is enough) is diluted with warm water (at least 50 ml).
2. Ready drops to instill twice a day, three drops in each nostril.
3. You can replace the water with peach oil, then the effect will increase.
4. Drops are prepared in this case in a ratio of one to five.
5. They are applied in a similar way.

Solutions for washing the sinuses

Prolonged rhinitis in adults is often diagnosed in medical practice. It is not always associated with inflammatory processes. If a runny nose does not go away for more than 2-3 weeks, you should consult a therapist. Depending on the history, examination and treatment may be prescribed by allergists, otolaryngologists.

Why does a runny nose not go away for a long time

Acute inflammation of the nasal mucosa with the release of exudate on average disappears in 14 days. With adequate medical care, rhinitis of bacterial or viral origin proceeds without complications.

Inflammatory processes in the nose

The first cause of a protracted runny nose is the transition of acute catarrh into a chronic form. Adults often neglect the treatment and recommendations of a doctor, so inflammation of the nasal mucosa after SARS, influenza, nasopharyngitis, bronchitis, acute sinusitis drags on for a long period. This is a bacterial infection. This is how chronic diseases develop:

• rhinitis with exacerbations and remissions;
• purulent sinusitis;
• hypertrophy (growth) of the mucosa with a violation of its functions;
• adenoids;
• tonsillitis.

All these conditions are accompanied by continuous production of pathological mucus in the nose and constant congestion for a month or more.

Allergy

The second most important reason is allergies. When exposed to external irritating factors, adults often develop year-round rhinitis, hay fever (rhinoconjunctivitis).

Common allergens that provoke a runny nose in an adult:

• pollen of flowering plants (trees, shrubs, wild herbs);
• wool, dandruff, waste products of pets;
• dust mites;
• down pillows, blankets, mattresses;
• places where moisture accumulates in the house, where mold, fungus grows;
• allergenic foods.

If during the treatment the snot does not go away for more than a month, an allergy should be suspected. The patient undergoes a clinical blood test. If in the decoding of the analysis there are elevated eosinophils (a type of leukocyte that is produced as a response to an allergen), an allergist's consultation is prescribed.

Incorrect treatment of acute rhinitis

Prolonged runny nose in adults often develops with improper use of vasoconstrictor drops. Common drugs for nasal congestion - Naphthyzin, Galazolin, Xylometazoline, Phenylephrine should be used strictly according to the instructions. If you increase the frequency of instillations and the duration of therapy, this will lead to such a complication as drug-induced rhinitis.

According to WHO statistics, the incidence of chronic non-allergic rhinitis is 2-9%. When using vasoconstrictors for more than a week, the "rebound" syndrome develops. Exudation of mucus increases, edema becomes more pronounced, the tone of the walls of the blood vessels of the nose is not controlled.

The following pathological mechanisms contribute to the increase in mucus production:

• atrophy of the cilia of the ciliated epithelium;
• transformation of the mucosa into stratified squamous epithelium;
• proliferation of secretory glands;
• vascular permeability, the exit of plasma and lymph into the intercellular space.

Congenital and acquired anatomical disorders of the structure of the nose

A deviated nasal septum creates an obstacle to the physiological air circulation in the upper respiratory tract. This leads to frequent inflammatory reactions. When a runny nose appears, the outflow and evacuation of mucus from the nose is difficult. Chronic congestion and long-lasting rhinitis develop.

Types of curvature of the septum:

• congenital or physiological - inherited, develops due to impaired growth of cartilage tissue and skull bones;
• traumatic - a consequence of a fracture, bruise, dislocation;
• compensatory - the impact of constant irritating factors (neoplasm in the nose, foreign body).

The presence of polyps in the nose leads to a prolonged runny nose - an overgrowth of the mucous membrane in the nasal passages, paranasal sinuses. In 90% of cases, it is accompanied by an allergic rhinitis. In adults, bilateral polyps are more often diagnosed with the addition of a secondary bacterial infection. Therefore, patients complain of prolonged purulent rhinitis.

Rare causes of prolonged runny nose

Chronic rhinitis sometimes occurs in women during pregnancy. This is due to the fact that the vascular wall of the capillaries becomes fragile and vulnerable, and its permeability increases. Increased blood flow leads to increased secretion of the glands of the nasal mucosa, a runny nose develops.

It is believed that one of the causes of the chronic form of rhinosinusitis may be gastroesophageal reflux - the reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus and through the nasopharynx into the nasal passages. Hydrochloric acid causes inflammatory changes in the mucosa and leads to a runny nose.

Clinical manifestations of a prolonged runny nose

When a runny nose does not go away in an adult for a long time, this negatively affects the quality of life, reduces the ability to work, both physical and intellectual.

Objective symptoms of rhinitis:

• discharge from the nose of pathological exudate;
• inflammation, hyperemia of the mucous membrane;
• swelling of the nasal passages, violating the aeration of the air;
• soreness during blowing the nose, with any mechanical effect (washing, wiping, touching the nasal conchas);
• irritation, sneezing;
• lacrimation;
• partial loss of sensation, smell.

A runny nose that lasts for a long time causes headaches, migraines, periodic increases in body temperature to subfebrile values ​​(no more than 37.5 ° C). A person experiences muscle weakness, loss of strength.

If rhinitis lasts more than six months, there are negative reactions from the psyche. Patients become irritable, do not make contact with others, show aggression or sudden mood swings, up to apathy. This is facilitated by regular disruption of night sleep due to the inability to breathe through the nose, chronic fatigue.

During periods of exacerbation of a bacterial infection, the temperature rises to 38-38.5 ° C. There are sharp, aching, throbbing pains in the nose. Runny nose gets worse. The secretions become profuse. Nasal breathing is difficult or completely absent.

The nature of the exudate depends on the causes of the disease. With chronic infectious rhinitis, snot of medium viscosity, light yellow in color. After blowing out, the mucus contains crusts, plasma clots, impurities, and blood streaks.

Allergic rhinitis is characterized by the secretion of milky or completely transparent mucus, depending on the severity of the disease. During the flowering period of plants, when the allergic reaction worsens, the exudate is colorless, liquid, and is released in large quantities.

If the pathology is associated with a curvature of the nasal septum, the exudate is moderate or slight, but constant. It partially blocks nasal breathing, but in general, a person can breathe with his mouth closed.

Due to constant rhinitis, sneezing, the inflammatory process covers the nasopharynx. The flow of mucus along the back wall irritates the mucous membrane of the throat, causes irritation, pain when swallowing, reflex cough.

How to treat a chronic runny nose in adults

The treatment of a runny nose depends on the causes that caused it.

If vasomotor rhinitis lasts a month, this is the likelihood of developing a drug-induced rhinitis. It is necessary to stop the use of vasoconstrictor drops, sprays. If the edema is severe, prescribe drugs containing hormones. They eliminate congestion within 2-4 days. To restore the normal state of the mucosa, topical preparations on a plant basis are recommended - Euphorbium Compositum, Edas, Sinupret.

In the chronic form of sinusitis, antibacterial and antiseptic nasal agents are prescribed in the form of drops, solutions, sprays:

• Framycetin;
• Bioparox;
• Mupirocin;
• Fusafunzhin;
• Protargol;
• Collargol.

With a viral infection, Grippferon is used - a solution for instillation of nasal passages. According to indications, drugs of complex action (antimicrobial, vasoconstrictor) are recommended - Polydex, Pinosol, Dr. Tice Nazollin, Bactroban.

During the period of exacerbation, oral antibiotics are prescribed - Augmentin, Amoxicillin, Erythromycin, Neomycin, Ceftriaxone, Cefprozil. For adults, the drug is prescribed orally in the form of capsules, tablets. Intramuscular or intravenous administration of funds is used extremely rarely, at the risk of developing neurological complications - meningitis, encephalopathy.

Allergic rhinitis lasts a very long time, requires a systematic approach to treatment. Antihistamines of the 3rd generation are prescribed inside, which suppress the response of the immune system - Erius, Alerzin, Aleron, Cetrilev, L-Cet. The medicine is drunk 1 tab. once a day. Better at night, as the drugs cause daytime drowsiness.

Hormonal suspensions in the form of a nasal spray quickly eliminate allergic rhinitis:

• Avamis;
• Nasonex;
• Flixonase;
• Baconase;
• Nasobek.

You can not prescribe hormonal drugs on your own. This can only be done by a doctor after the results of diagnostic tests. If hormones are used for a bacterial or viral infection (chronic sinusitis), this will accelerate the reproduction of pathogenic microflora, aggravate the situation, and cause complications.

When to see an otolaryngologist

In order to timely and effectively cure a persistent runny nose in an adult, you need to know under what circumstances you can not self-medicate.

When to see a doctor for professional help:

• if a runny nose does not go away for 2 weeks;
• tortured headache with partial nasal congestion;
• in addition to a runny nose, there is a cutting pain in the eyes, lacrimation, photophobia;
• if there is blood and pus in the nasal mucus.

Such symptoms require professional evaluation. Self-treatment will not give any positive results, it will only lead to complications and negative consequences. Hormones are contraindicated in the presence of viruses and bacteria in the nose. Vasoconstrictor and herbal drops are not effective for allergic rhinitis. If a person has a deviated nasal septum, polyps, only surgical correction or surgery to remove the neoplasm is needed.

Achieving stable remission and eliminating the severe consequences of a protracted runny nose in adults is possible only with complex treatment - drops in the nose, means inside, strengthening the immune system, correcting nutrition, work and rest, organizing a healthy microclimate in the living room.

For adults, a constant runny nose causes a lot of trouble. The voice changes, the eyes water. The nostrils swell from frequent friction. Rhinitis can cause serious illness. A stuffy nose interferes with proper breathing. When a runny nose does not go away for months, physical activity and working capacity decrease. Fatigue increases. The quality of life is noticeably deteriorating.

If the runny nose during treatment does not disappear within two weeks, it is considered protracted. The causes of such rhinitis are different: they can be caused by viruses, allergens, drugs. How to treat a runny nose, the otolaryngologist will answer. You need to contact him.

According to the nature of occurrence, experts distinguish several varieties of the disease.

catarrhal

A runny nose occurs as a consequence of SARS, manifested by an inflammatory process of a microbial or viral nature. It is characterized by constant secretion of liquid nasal mucus, severe nasal congestion, accompanied by lacrimation. Often occurs with an increase in temperature. Treatment consists in the elimination of pathological factors. With the wrong selection of drugs, it becomes chronic, sneezing and itching do not go away for a long time. In this case, complications are possible.

Vasomotor

A common type of rhinitis, it can be very long. Manifested by a violation of the activity of the mucosa. It is characterized by a violation of the structure of tissues and a decrease in the conductivity of blood vessels. They swell, provoke inflammation of the mucosa. Allocations with such rhinitis are not very plentiful, but constant. They cause coughing, pain in the larynx. Flowing down the back wall, the mucus stagnates, becoming fertile ground for the reproduction of pathogenic flora.

hypertrophic

Manifested by structural changes in the tissues of the nasal cavity. Occurs for a number of reasons:

• from regular hypothermia;
• from constantly present allergens;
• from the presence of infections or fungal spores in the body.

Rhinitis destroys tissues gradually. First, against the background of the inflammatory process, the mucous membrane and lower nasal concha are transformed. Then the process becomes deep, extending to the middle turbinates. The vascular walls change, the blood flow and lymph flow decrease, congestion and edema occur. If such a runny nose begins to drag on, even bone tissue is affected. In this case, pathological tissue fragments are removed surgically.

atrophic

It is characterized by focal seals of the mucous membrane of all parts of the nose. It is manifested by dryness in the nose, the formation of thick crusts, the release of thick yellowish mucus. It develops as a reaction to a stimulus. A runny nose in an adult does not go away for a long time when bacteria are present in the sinuses. Such rhinitis is accompanied by an unpleasant smell from the nose, and the patient does not feel it.

Atrophic rhinitis of a non-bacterial nature occurs against the background of:

• diseases of the digestive system;
• inhibition of the protective functions of the body;
• hormonal changes;
• damage to the bone tissue of the nose;
• lung diseases;
• autoimmune disorders in the body.

medical

Constant runny nose and nasal congestion in an adult occur after long-term treatment with vasoconstrictor drugs. This type of drug-induced rhinitis is called rebound. Drops and sprays that relieve symptoms of swelling should not be used for more than five days.

A long runny nose is also caused by other drugs, for example, antiviral or stimulant. Nasal mucus with drug-induced rhinitis is secreted episodically, the structure resembles water. A typical symptom is nasal congestion. It disappears only sporadically, more often at night. In the morning again there are discharges from the nose. From medicines, a runny nose does not go away for a long time in hypertensive patients, patients suffering from heart pathologies.

Rhinitis during pregnancy

Allocate a special kind of rhinitis, characteristic of the period of formation and growth of the fetus. Chronic runny nose occurs due to changes in the level of hormones in the blood. Zonal mucus does not cause particular concern to women. Rhinitis during pregnancy is treated only in extreme cases, when discomfort appears from heavy discharge. Taking medications can harm the fetus, so they resort to alternative methods of treatment.

Causes of chronic rhinitis

When snot bothers you for a long period, this is the first sign that a runny nose has become chronic. It is characterized by episodic improvements in well-being, when the discharge from the nose disappears, but dryness of the mucosa appears, and crusts form inside the passages. With congestion in the mucosa, prolonged rhinitis is sometimes accompanied by expectoration of yellowish mucus - discharge from the nose flows into the trachea along the back wall.

Why else does the incessant runny nose occur? Due to natural changes, working conditions, regular house cleaning.

The main causes of the chronic form:

• operation of the heating system in winter (too dry air leads to drying of the mucous membrane, which begins to actively produce a mucous secretion);
• household dust (dust mites often cause allergic reactions, including a runny nose);
• production factors: harmful emissions, chemicals, dust suspension;
• congenital pathologies of the ciliated valve of the nose, leading to a curvature of the septum (regulatory function is disturbed, mucus is produced in large quantities);
• natural allergens: animal hair, pollen;
• autoimmune diseases: psoriasis, Wegener's granulomatosis.

Symptoms of a long runny nose

Bacterial or viral inflammation of the mucosa is accompanied by:

• swelling of the nasopharynx;
• general weakness;
• drowsiness;
• hyperthermia;
• constantly secreted nasal mucus of different density;
• decrease in activity;
• poor appetite;
• loss of smell.

Allergic rhinitis is characterized by the following symptoms:

• inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eyes;
• lacrimation;
• burning of the nasal mucosa;
• sneezing
• intermittent fluid discharge.

Vasomotor rhinitis arising from vascular disorders is characterized by:

• congestive manifestations in the nasal cavity;
• changes in the color of nasal mucus from white to yellow-green;
• increased secretion during stress, nervous tension;
• causeless irritability;
• feeling of heaviness in the head;
• unilateral nasal congestion.

A runny nose of any kind is accompanied by frequent night snoring, ear pain, sleep disturbance.

Possible Complications

If chronic rhinitis does not go away for a long time, the likelihood of serious complications is high. They have a lot to do with breathing. In winter, this leads to inflammation of the throat, upper respiratory tract, and swelling of the ear canals. Often there are:

• laryngitis (inflammation of the mucous membranes of the larynx);
• pharyngitis (inflammatory lesions of the lymphoid tissues of the throat);
• otitis (inflammation of the ears);
• sinusitis (inflammatory processes spread to the paranasal sinus region);
• tracheitis, bronchitis and bronchopneumonia (inflammation of the airways);
• sinusitis (inflammation of the maxillary sinuses located in the upper parts of the jaw);
• adenoids (nasopharyngeal tonsils).

The inflammatory process of the nasal mucosa spreads to the eyes, causing dacryocystitis (inflammation of the tear ducts and lacrimal sacs).

The transformation of the tissue structure during prolonged rhinitis leads to the formation of polyps (benign neoplasms that block the nasal passages). Hyposmia develops (partial loss of olfactory functions). Night snoring provokes violations of cardiovascular activity.

The most severe form of complication of chronic rhinitis is atrophic and hypertrophic damage to the tissues of the nose. In the first case, the tissues gradually die off, in the second, they grow pathologically.

Diagnostics

The type of rhinitis helps to establish a diagnostic study. Rhinoscopy of the nose and its cavities will reveal changes in the mucosa. If an adult suffers from a runny nose for more than two weeks, he is sent for a detailed blood test. In the inflammatory process, there will be an excess of the norm of leukocytes.

The presence of viruses is determined by the cells of the nasal mucosa by the method of fluorescent markers. X-ray of the paranasal sinuses reveals congestion, the formation of pus.

Biochemical and general blood tests, urinalysis are prescribed for rhinitis that occurs with fever. Intradermal tests help to identify the allergen that caused a prolonged runny nose. Bacteriological examination of nasal mucus helps to determine the type of pathogen and its tolerance to antibiotics.

Methods for the treatment of a long-standing runny nose

After comprehensive research, finding out the cause of a prolonged runny nose, making a diagnosis, the otolaryngologist prescribes a course of drug treatment.

As an effective means for the preventive treatment of the nasal mucosa, sprays based on sea salt are used: Aqua-Maris, Dolphin, Quicks, Salin.

Rhinitis of a viral and bacterial nature is quickly treatable. They begin to treat him comprehensively. The first three days it is recommended to take vasoconstrictor drops and sprays, they alleviate the patient's condition. Throughout the course, medicines with essential phytocomponents are used. Vitaktiv, Cameton, Pinovit and Pinosol eliminate swelling of the nose, soothe the mucosa, reduce the secretion of mucous secretions. Essential oils have an antiseptic effect. Improvement is accelerated by inhalations, physiotherapy.

Allergic rhinitis is cured by eliminating the reaction to the irritant. To do this, use histamine blockers in tablet form (Loratadin, Suprastin, Cetirizine,) or in sprays (Avamys, Dez Rinitis, Nasonex, Flixonase). Complex drops (Vibrocil) help to relieve inflammatory manifestations.

Perpetual vasomotor rhinitis does not go away immediately, the minimum course of treatment is 30 days. In addition to regular rinsing with salt water, corticosteroids are used, drugs that restore the structure of affected and necrotic tissues. Often, antiallergic drugs are included in the therapeutic complex.

Chronic rhinitis, complicated by polyps, adenoids, mucosal proliferation, is cured with the use of surgical methods. Pathological tissues are excised from the nasal passages, breathing is restored.

Physiotherapy

Physiotherapy procedures help to completely get rid of rhinitis. They complement medical treatment, restore the protective functions of the body.

Ultrasound (US) stimulates metabolic reactions, increases the permeability of capillaries, "starts" the process of cell regeneration.

UHF has a similar effect. Electromagnetic fields accelerate the movement of blood and lymph, the protective properties of the body increase.

Treatment of the nasal cavity with ultraviolet (UV) leads to the death of pathogenic flora:

• microbes;
• viruses;
• bacteria;
• fungi.

Light microwaves dry the mucosa, after which the discharge from the nose decreases.

Under the action of pulsed electric currents (electrophoresis), the penetrating ability of the drug is enhanced. The drug penetrates into tissues to a greater depth, is better absorbed into the blood, starts its action faster.

Inhalations

Wet heating can only be done at normal temperatures. After them, you can not supercool during the chala. Steam is inhaled through the nose and exhaled through the mouth. As a prophylactic agent for inhalation, normal saline is used. On the recommendation of a doctor, Interferon, antiseptics are added to it.

Strained infusions of herbs are poured into old-style inhalers. Alcohol extract from herbal ingredients Rotokan relieves puffiness, makes breathing easier. In the absence of inhalers, an ordinary pot with warm decoctions is used. The liquid temperature must not exceed +50°C. To keep warm longer, the patient is covered with a thick terry towel or a thin blanket.

Modern nebulizers are easy to use, transparent solutions are poured into them. For patients with chronic rhinitis, such a household item makes life easier. 5-15-minute inhalation treatments carried out before bedtime reduce snoring and have a calming effect. Dry crusts soften from the steam, stagnant thick sputum is better removed.

Nasal lavage

Washing out of the nose of pathogenic flora and excess mucus cannot be carried out with curvature of the nasal septum, severe edema, polyps, adenoids, tissue hypertrophy, closely spaced blood vessels. In all other cases, washing helps get rid of rhinitis. They are carried out using a watering can with a thin nozzle, a teapot, a rubber pear. When using it, water is not pumped in strongly, it is poured in gradually so that the liquid does not enter the ear canals.

There are two ways to rinse your nose with a warm saline or herbal solution. When the water is directed from nostril to nostril, the head tilts as far back as possible towards the shoulder. The nostrils are washed alternately.

The flow of water from the nose to the mouth provides rinsing of the nose and rinsing of the back wall of the larynx.

Phytotherapy and folk remedies against a prolonged runny nose

For the treatment of the common cold, infusions and decoctions of calendula, chamomile, and yarrow are used. These herbs have anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effects. Celandine is effective for purulent rhinitis. Oak bark contains components that eliminate the friability of mucous membranes. Pine buds and eucalyptus are sources of essential oils. Oregano and linden soothe itching, burning.

For decoctions of herbs, proven raw materials are used, it is better to purchase it at a pharmacy. For inhalation, it is convenient to use filter bags, they eliminate straining.

Aloe is a good home doctor. Swabs soaked in the juice of this plant are placed in the nose. Kalanchoe has a similar stimulating cell restoration effect.