Intimate problems of boys. What "male" diseases can occur in a baby? Urological diseases in children

We have already talked about adult "female" diseases that occur in little girls (read). But the boys also have their own "purely male" problems. Moreover, if a mother somehow understands girlish affairs, based on her personal experience, then it is much more difficult for her to understand what and how her little man works. A woman, because of ignorance, can simply miss something important. But often it is at a very early age that anomalies in the development of the male genital organs occur. In the future, this becomes the cause of infertility and impotence. To prevent a tragedy from happening, little men need to be especially taken care of, paying constant attention to the proper care and hygiene of all the “intimate” places of the baby.

boyish difficulties

The main problem that parents and doctors pay attention to is opening of the head of the penis. In newborn boys, the head is usually closed, this is called physiological phimosis which can last up to 3-5 years. Until this time, the doctor opens the head artificially only for medical reasons. For example, the baby has difficulty urinating, the jet is very thin, and the foreskin is “inflated”. Or there are frequent inflammations: redness, hyperemia, swelling, purulent discharge from under the foreskin (balanoposthitis or balanitis).

It happens that the boy's head opens up to a year. And that's okay too. It all depends on the structure of the foreskin: if it is wide, then you can open the head as early as three months. And sometimes the baby has no complaints, but the head does not open by 5 years. It is necessary to consult a doctor to make sure that the child is all right. There is nothing wrong with this, and the head can open itself at 7 or 8 years old.

Do not postpone a visit to the doctor and with any signs balanoposthitis(redness, swelling, discharge), hoping that everything will pass by itself. If the inflammation is not treated, then a scar (cicatricial phimosis) may occur in this place, and the foreskin will simply grow to the head of the penis. This disease is called synechia of the glans penis. It is treated with a special procedure - circling (or removing) the glans penis, when the surgeon “forcefully” releases it.

Many moms and dads worry about yellowish growths showing through the foreskin that covers the glans penis. This is smegma, a product of the production of skin glands - a completely normal phenomenon. She exfoliates the head and foreskin, helping her open up. But it happens that there is so much smegma that it deforms the head and even seeps over the edge. In this case, the head is opened to avoid getting inside the infection.

But if your baby is not worried about anything, you don’t need to open the head yourself, the rupture of the frenulum causes pain and severe bleeding, a scar or even a cyst appears at the site of the rupture, and then you can’t do without surgical intervention.

Another pathology is phimosis- narrowing of the foreskin, in which the surgeon cannot open the head with his hands. And the only cure is circumcision.

Another important issue is cryptorchidism- Undescended testicles. Nature ordered these reproductive organs to be removed from the body into the scrotum, since the spermatogenesis that occurs in them must take place at a lower temperature. In babies, of course, there is no spermatogenesis yet, but the nutrition of the testicle, if it remains in the abdominal cavity, will be disturbed. It is believed that both testicles should be in the scrotum by the time the baby is born. If this does not happen, the baby is sent to a urologist, who has been observed for a year. And if at least one testicle does not descend by the year, the child is prescribed an operation, with the help of which the "fugitive" is returned to his place.

Sometimes the testicle, heading into the inguinal canal, "wraps" to the side - for example, to the root of the penis or to the bladder ( ectopic testis). It is not able to get out of there, because it is stuck, but it cannot develop in such conditions either. The only treatment is surgery.

It also happens that the testicles, already in the scrotum, suddenly “run away” back into the inguinal canal. Such a state is called cremaster reflex. With various neurological pathologies, the muscle supporting the testicle contracts, it goes into the inguinal canal and remains there. The doctor hands each time "lowers" the testicle back. Usually with age, having increased in size, it is permanently fixed in the scrotum.

Another pathology that is observed already at the birth of a boy is hydrocele. In this case, one testicle is clearly larger than the other, more tense, since the fluid from it does not go into the abdominal cavity. The disease does not pose a serious danger to the life of the baby and its reproductive function. This may be the so-called communicating dropsy, when in a horizontal position the size of the testicle decreases, because the fluid goes into the abdominal cavity, and in the vertical position, when it again arrives in it, they increase. If the dropsy is not painful, you need to see a urologist for up to two years, during this period the communication with the abdominal cavity may stop by itself. If this does not happen, an operation is performed.

Many people think that a urologist is a male doctor. In fact, this specialist treats both men and women, and even children. Parents, getting a referral for their child to urology from a pediatrician, often wonder why? In this article, you will find out who a pediatric urologist is, when you need to take a child to him, what diseases and how this specialist treats.

What is a pediatric urologist

Even small children are not protected from urological diseases. A special doctor, a pediatric urologist, will help to detect them and deal with them. The main area of his attention is the problems and deviations of the children's genitourinary system. A pediatric urologist deals with acquired and congenital diseases and injuries of young patients of both sexes from 0 to 18 years.

A good pediatric urologist is a specialist:

having extensive experience working with children;
able to find psychological contact with them;
applying modern means of diagnostics and treatment.

When to See a Pediatric Urologist

There are certain signs of a violation of the children's genitourinary system. Parents should definitely show the child to the urologist if:

changes have appeared in the results of routine (they are periodically carried out for all children) urine tests;
the urine of the child has changed (the appearance of an unpleasant odor, discoloration, turbidity);
difficulty urinating (soreness, infrequent urination, urinary incontinence);
complete absence of urination;
pain in the kidney area (sometimes accompanied by vomiting and bloating).

The boy should certainly be taken to a pediatric urologist if he has:

swelling (dropsy) of the testicle;
soreness, swelling, redness in the penis;
(undescended testicle);
inability to expose the head of the penis;
other malformations.

A visit to a pediatric urologist may also be required for a girl. As a rule, the reasons may be the following:

absence (up to 15 years) of menstruation;
failure of the established cycle;
excessive body hair (noticeable hair on the chest, upper lip, chin, sideburns);
vaginal discharge (brown, green or yellow, with an unpleasant odor).

Preventive checkups

The absence of alarming symptoms does not mean that the child does not need to be taken to a urologist. Preventive examination is required up to 1 year, at 3 years and 14 years.

Up to a year, a visit to pediatric urology will determine genetic malformations of the genital organs: narrowing of the foreskin, undescended testicles, reduction of the penis and testicles. Such diseases are best treated as early as possible.
Three years is the age when boys can develop diseases like hernia, dropsy. They should also be identified as early as possible.
A 14-year-old boy is likely to develop testicular vascular disease, so a visit to a urologist is also required.

How is an appointment in pediatric urology

An appointment with a pediatric urologist begins with an anamnesis (heredity, past illnesses, health information). Next, the doctor conducts a comprehensive examination: assesses the condition of the genitals and kidneys of the baby, examines his stomach. Inspection of a small child is always carried out in the presence of mom or dad. If necessary, additional diagnostic tools are used:

, scrotum;
uroflowmetry;
radiography;
video cystoscopy;
(PCR, ELISA, biochemical, bacteriological and general clinical tests).

Equipping the urological clinic with modern diagnostic equipment is one of the brightest proofs of its quality.

How does a pediatric urologist treat

An individual course of treatment for a child is compiled by a urologist based on the results of the study, anamnesis. It can be:

minimally invasive surgical operations, characterized by minimal trauma;
physiotherapy procedures;
drug therapy.

All parents should remember that many chronic diseases associated with the urogenital area come from childhood. Therefore, it is very important to undergo preventive examinations at. Also visit our section.

Children. Health. Urology.

Important problems for future men

- Sergey Nikolaevich, please tell us about the most common urological problems that occur in boys immediately after birth?

- The main problem that parents have recently begun to pay attention to is the opening of the glans penis. In newborn boys, the head is usually closed, which is called physiological phimosis, which can last up to 3-5 years. Until this time, the doctor opens the head artificially, only for medical reasons.

What are they? For example, a baby may have serious difficulty urinating when the stream is very thin and the foreskin is inflated. Or he is worried about frequent inflammations: redness, hyperemia, swelling, up to purulent discharge from under the foreskin - the so-called balanoposthitis. By the way, most often such phenomena occur in children with allergies.
It also happens that balanoposthitis so overshadows the life of the crumbs and his parents that surgeons go to the circumcision of the foreskin in order to eliminate the focus of the disease. But such extreme measures are quite rare. It is worth mentioning that non-compliance with elementary hygiene rules by parents can also lead to various kinds of inflammation. It is enough to constantly slightly move the skin of the foreskin and wash the folds with a slightly pink solution of potassium permanganate. And with a slight redness, it is quite possible to get by with a baby cream or a synthomycin emulsion.

If an acute situation does not arise, nothing bothers the baby, then you do not need to open the head. I repeat once again: the non-opening of the head until 3-5 years old is a normal, completely natural physiological state, which in itself should not bother parents.

- Does it happen that a boy's head opens up to a year?

- Yes, sometimes. It depends on the structure of the foreskin. If it is wide, then you can open the head as early as three months. And that's okay too.

- What will happen if you do not see a doctor in case of, for example, symptoms of balanoposthitis, hoping that it will go away on its own?

- The outcome of any inflammation is, as a rule, a scar. That is, the foreskin can simply grow to the head of the penis. And this should already be considered as a disease called synechia of the glans penis. It is treated non-surgical. A special manipulation (called tracing the head) is performed when the surgeon “forcefully” releases it. In any case, if parents are worried about something, if something is not clear to them, it is always better to consult a specialist just in case.

For example, many mothers and fathers often express concern about yellowish formations that appear through the foreskin that covers the head. These formations are smegma, a product of the production of skin glands. Smegma is a completely normal phenomenon and, like everything wisely conceived by nature in the human body, has its own importance. She exfoliates the head and foreskin, helping her open up. But it also happens that there is too much smegma, it deforms the head and even seeps over the edge. This can lead to infection getting inside, therefore, in this case, the head is opened. Therefore, if a little boy has any discharge, you should immediately go to the doctor.

What is true phimosis?

- Phimosis is a narrow foreskin, when even a surgeon cannot open the head with his hands. And the only cure is circumcision.

- And if the child does not have any complaints, but the head does not open even after 5 years?

- The head can open itself at both 7 and 8 years. And there is nothing wrong with that. It’s just that at certain periods, namely, by the age of 3 and 5, the doctor must definitely examine the baby and say if everything is in order.

- Tell me, please, what is cryptorchidism and at what age should the testicles descend in a boy?

Cryptorchidism is undescended testicles. And this pathology can be very serious, since the testicles are a reproductive organ. As for the timing of testicular descent… In the old textbooks on surgery, it is written that the operation should be performed at 5-6 years old if the testicles have not descended on their own. But in our time, all these issues have already been radically revised. Now, undescended testicles have been worrying doctors since the birth of the boy. That is, by the birth of a child, both testicles must be in the scrotum. If this does not happen, the baby is sent to a urologist, who has been observed for a year. And if at least one testicle does not descend by the year, the doctor resorts to surgical intervention.

The fact is that the testicles are removed from the body into the scrotum, because the spermatogenesis that occurs in them occurs at a lower temperature. And outside, in the scrotum, it is naturally lower than inside the body. Of course, in little boys there is no spermatogenesis yet, but trophism, that is, the nutrition of the testicle, if it remains in the abdominal cavity, is disturbed. There is also such a thing as testicular ectopia, when it went to the inguinal canal, but turned away in the course of its movement. For example, to the root of the penis or to the bladder. And waiting for it to come out on its own is completely pointless. It is not able to get out, because it is stuck, it will also not be able to develop in such conditions. It is for all these reasons that in case of undescended testicles up to a year, urologists resort to surgery.

- Is it normal when the testicles, already in the scrotum, suddenly go back into the inguinal canal?

This condition is called an increased cremaster reflex. In the excitable state of the child, with various neurological pathologies, the muscle supporting the testicle contracts, and it goes into the inguinal canal and remains there. In this case, a doctor's examination is also necessary, and only he should make a diagnosis. With an increased cremasteric reflex, the doctor usually always manages to bring the testicle into the scrotum with his hands. The fact that it “runs away” does not require surgical intervention, because with age the testicle will increase and fix itself in the scrotum.

- What is hydrocele?

- This pathology is observed already at birth. In this case, one testicle is clearly larger than the other. It can be extremely tense because the fluid from it does not go into the abdominal cavity.
Or it is the so-called communicating dropsy, when in a horizontal position the size of the testicle decreases, because the fluid goes into the abdominal cavity, and in the vertical position, when it again arrives in it, they increase. And by the birth of a child, such communication with the abdominal cavity should already stop. But, if dropsy is not intense, not painful, not causing a strong cosmetic defect, urologists have the right to observe it for up to two years, since during this period communication with the abdominal cavity may stop by itself. In the absence of any positive changes, an operation is performed.

Also, an enlarged testicle can be a symptom of a hernia. In this case, if the child is small and the hernia is insignificant, it can be conservatively adjusted for some time and observed. If the prolapse of a hernia occurs very often, then to prevent its infringement - a formidable complication in which the protruding organ suffers: the intestine, testicle or omentum - an operation is performed.

- What is your opinion on circumcision, whose supporters motivate the operation not so much for religious reasons as for hygienic ones?

I am not a supporter of circumcision. The fact is that you can carefully observe hygiene even with the foreskin. Another, perhaps, negative side of circumcision is that the open head constantly touches parts of the clothing, and over time, its tactile sensations decrease. I regard circumcision only as a surgical treatment of some pathological condition. Or for religious reasons. And it is better that such a ritual operation is also carried out in a clinic by professional doctors than, as sometimes happens, by clergymen.

When children get sick, this is always another reason for parents to worry. However, curing a baby is much easier if you know who the doctor needs to see in a particular situation. For example, it is clear that if you have a sore throat or a runny nose, you need to contact an ENT doctor and a pediatrician, and if you have problems with your eyes, you should contact an oculist. But diseases of the genitourinary system, unfortunately, are also common in young children. And today we will talk about the cases in which a pediatric urologist is needed.

Urology is a branch of clinical medicine that studies the male genitourinary system. Of course, first of all, a pediatric urologist is a doctor for boys, but girls, especially during the period of active growth, need to consult a urologist.

A pediatric urologist deals with a fairly wide range of problems - from psychological and physiological to genetic.

In other words, a pediatric urologist predicts the likelihood of developing pathologies that affect erection, spermatogenesis, and the urinary system.

A pediatric urologist is necessary for both newborns and children under 18 years of age.

You should contact a pediatric urologist if you find the following problems in your child:

The appearance of bloody, purulent or mucous discharge from the genitals;

urinary problems (painful, difficult, frequent, urinary incontinence, or any other discomfort associated with urination);

Swelling, soreness and redness in the genital area (scrotum, penis, groin area, labia);

Transferred trauma of the genital organs;

Undescended testicles in the scrotum in newborns and other anomalies of the genital organs;

Transferred infectious diseases (mumps);

Inability to expose the glans penis (phimosis);

Pain associated with the kidneys and bladder (cramps when urinating, pain in the lower abdomen or lower back).

But remember - when something hurts - this is a signal that the disease is already in the acute stage. Therefore, even if there are no visible reasons for contacting a pediatric urologist, it is worth showing the baby to a specialist. It often happens that diseases of the genitourinary system that a child has from a very young age appear already in adolescence - when it is already more difficult to cure them. To prevent such a development of the situation, immediately after birth, it is necessary to show the child to a pediatric urologist. Pediatric urologist needed a newborn for the prevention of diseases of the genitourinary system and early detection of possible developmental anomalies. The sooner certain diseases are detected, the easier it will be to get rid of them.

The most common diseases requiring referral to a pediatric urologist

One of the earliest urological problems diagnosed in newborns may be undescended testicles in the scrotum (cryptorchidism). If cryptorchidism is not addressed in time, this can lead to male infertility. The testicles may descend into the scrotum during the first year of life. And it is better if this happens under the supervision of a pediatric urologist. If, by the age of one, one testicle has not yet descended, the active intervention of a pediatric urologist in this process is necessary. This usually happens through surgery.

The second common problem in boys at an early age is phimosis - a narrowing of the opening of the foreskin and the inability to expose the glans penis. In boys under 3 years old, this is a physiological condition, so do not worry if phimosis does not go away at the age of one or two years. Usually, as the glans penis grows, the foreskin moves. By the age of one year, phimosis disappears in 50% of boys, by the age of three - in 90%. However, if the baby is very worried about the narrowing of the opening of the foreskin, or phimosis takes place in the fourth year of life, a pediatric urologist is needed. Sometimes, with a long-term non-passing phimosis, an operation is performed to circumcise the foreskin.

Girls and boys often have inflammatory diseases that require a pediatric urologist. First of all, these cystitis and pyelonephritis. Cystitis is an inflammatory disease of the bladder. The causes of cystitis can be both infections and hypothermia or a decrease in immunity due to psychological stress or allergies. A timely appeal to a pediatric urologist will help cure cystitis and reduce the risk of relapse.

Pyelonephritis is an infectious inflammation of the kidneys, accompanied by fever, back pain, urinary disorders. If you do not turn to a pediatric urologist in time, untreated pyelonephritis can lead to the development of renal failure. In addition, often pyelonephritis is a consequence of other kidney diseases, the presence of which can only be determined by a doctor - and in this case need a pediatric urologist.

Young children, due to their age, do not take good care of their hygiene, so they are most susceptible to various kinds of infections, including infections of the genitourinary system. The situation is complicated by the fact that if there is an infection, there may be no symptoms at all - with the exception of a slight pain when urinating. But it is worth remembering that any infection of the genital organs and urinary tract develops along the ascending path and can affect the kidneys. In this regard, with the appearance of the slightest discomfort in the genital area - and even more so, with the appearance of discharge and pain - it is necessary to contact a pediatric urologist.

Urinary incontinence in young children is common. But some urinary incontinence accompanies up to the school time. There are three reasons for this: illness, congenital anomaly or psychological trauma (stress). If periodic urinary incontinence is observed in children under 5 years old, this can be considered the norm. But at the age of 5 years and older, urinary incontinence is a direct signal that the child needs a pediatric urologist. Treatment of such a problem requires an integrated approach - and it is better to start it as early as possible.

Remember: genitourinary problems can be difficult to recognize, but if they take a neglected form, it will be much more difficult to deal with them. In this regard, do not neglect the consultations of a pediatric urologist, even in cases where the problem seems insignificant to you.

Article last updated: 04/28/2018

Do you remember the first time you were told: “Hello, mom, this is your son”? How much happiness and hope you experienced at that moment. How could you then imagine that this charming baby will one day become a man, one day become a father? Being a mother of a boy is not easy and very responsible. There are questions about which it is not customary to speak out loud, they are secret. Let's take a look at one of the most important and rarely voiced questions - what diseases are in the genital area in boys and what are the consequences of these diseases. Let's talk about the "acute scrotum" syndrome in boys and men.

Pediatrician

This is not one disease, but a group of diseases united by common symptoms - severe pain, enlargement of the organ, redness of the skin of the scrotum.

Acute diseases of the scrotum in children, as well as an acute abdomen, are an emergency. And, like any emergency, it requires medical intervention in a limited time frame.

Before we talk about diseases, let's remember the norm.

The scrotum is a bag and is a continuation of the abdominal wall.

It consists of 7 shells;

Leather.
Meaty shell.
External seminal fascia.
Fascia of the muscle that lifts the testis.
The muscle that raises the testicle.
Internal seminal fascia.
The vaginal membrane, consisting of two sheets (parietal sheet and visceral sheet).

The testicles and their appendages are a paired organ. Each organ is, as it were, in its own bag.

The testicles are paired glands. Each testicle is suspended from the spermatic cord. The spermatic cord extends from the inguinal ring, from the depths of the abdominal cavity to the upper pole of the testicle.

The cord consists of:

vas deferens;
arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels;
nerve endings;
remnants of the vaginal process;
muscle that lifts the testicle;
seed fascia.

The appendages are located along the posterior margin of the testis. Distinguish head, body and tail of the epididymis. On the head is an appendage of the epididymis, which looks like a vesicle on a leg. In the region of the head and tail of the appendage, there may be blindly ending remnants of the tubules of the Wolf body.

Behind the head of the epididymis in the connective tissue lies a flat whitish formation - the appendage of the epididymis. The serous membrane covering the testicle passes to the appendage. From the outside, it enters the recess between the epididymis and the testicle, lining the sinus of the epididymis.

Acute diseases of the scrotum

Acute diseases of the scrotum include:

testicular torsion;
torsion of the epididymis;
injuries of the scrotum and its organs;
orchitis;
epididymitis;
rare diseases (gangrene of the scrotum, allergic swelling of the scrotum, varicose veins of the spermatic cord).

This disease was first described in 1840.

This condition is considered the most difficult.

Due to anatomical and physiological features, it is often found in children under three years of age. May also occur in adolescent boys (approximately 10 to 15 years of age). The reason is the rapid growth and rapid maturation of the genital organs. But grown men are not immune from this either.

The disease begins with severe, sudden pain in the groin and lower abdomen. Sometimes the pain is accompanied by vomiting, severe weakness, pre-syncope in a teenager. Usually the pain is so severe that the child immediately tells his parents about it.

In an infant, the disease will be manifested by sharp, strong crying, refusal of the breast, pale skin, cold sweat.

On examination, it is noticeable that one side of the scrotum is higher due to the displacement of the testicle upward. Within 6 hours, an increase in body temperature, chills, and increased heart rate are possible.

A formidable symptom is an improvement in the condition of the child and a decrease in pain after 6-12 hours. An imaginary improvement speaks of the "death" of the organ, and does not last long. Further, the condition deteriorates sharply.

It is very important not to waste valuable time if there is a suspicion that torsion has occurred. It is necessary to contact the hospital where the operation will be performed. Lack of assistance in the first 12 hours can lead to further infertility.

Torsion of the epididymis

This disease is also characterized by severely sudden pain in the groin and lower abdomen, a serious condition of the child, swelling and redness of the scrotum. Within 12 hours, the swelling of the scrotum increases, the child's condition worsens.

It is possible to distinguish torsion of the appendages from the testicle only by conducting a series of examinations, such as ultrasound and vascular Doppler. It is carried out by a doctor in a hospital.

Treatment is operative.

How to help parents:

put the child to bed;
call an ambulance, prepare the child's documents, collect all the things needed in the hospital;
before the examination in the hospital, the child should not be fed and preferably not watered.

There are closed and penetrating injuries of the scrotum.

Closed injuries

Injuries occur as a result of falling or hitting a blunt object. In this case, the organs of the scrotum are, as it were, sandwiched between the bones of the pelvis and the traumatic surface. For example, this happens when falling off a bicycle or in a fight.

A bruised scrotum is characterized by severe pain, possible loss of consciousness, cold, sticky sweat, rapid heartbeat, rise or fall in blood pressure.

When examining the affected organ, swelling and redness are visible, most often on one side, but there may also be a bilateral injury. There may also be bruising on or around the scrotum.

Such an injury can lead to torsion of the testicle, epididymis, to tears and ruptures of the testicular membranes, which, in turn, will lead to infertility without proper treatment.

How to help?

If you are on the street and everything happened in front of your eyes, get together!

If possible, look around and find a safe place, preferably a bench. Help the child to reach it and lie down. If not possible, don't panic.
Call an ambulance.
Go for a consultation with a urologist.

If the child came home or the injury occurred at home:

Be sure to find out all the details of the injury: what happened, how long ago.
Prepare a cold compress, take ice or freeze, wrap in a cloth and apply.
Give pain medication (Ibuprofen, Paracetamol) as instructed.
Elevate the organ or, if available, wear supportive pants.
Seek help from a urologist.

If the injury is not dangerous for the further health of the child, you will be given recommendations and will be allowed to go home for further treatment under the supervision of a polyclinic doctor. If the injury is dangerous and could lead to further infertility, an emergency operation will be performed.

Penetrating trauma

These injuries most often occur as a result of road accidents, animal bites. The injury is often combined with other severe injuries.

As a result of these injuries, the skin of the scrotum is cut. And they are the most dangerous, since not only the skin, but also the organs inside can be cut.

Another complication of a penetrating injury may be an associated infection.

In the event of such an injury, an ambulance is immediately called.

Orchitis

This infectious disease of the testicle occurs in adolescents and adult men. As an independent disease, orchitis is extremely rare. The cause may be past trauma to the testicles - 5% of all cases. In other cases, this disease develops as a complication of urethritis, prostatitis.

After 4-10 days from the onset of parotitis, the gonads are involved in the disease. This is how mumps orchitis begins, which further leads to a decrease in the organ. But with proper treatment, infertility rarely occurs.

Signs of mumps orchitis are a new wave of temperature rise, a deterioration in the child's condition, pain in the groin appears, the size of the scrotum increases, redness of the organ appears. After 3-5 days, the condition improves, the swelling subsides, the pain goes away.

A month after recovery, signs of testicular atrophy may appear. Another severe complication of orchitis can be a prolonged painful erection that is not associated with sexual arousal.

Parotitis is treated symptomatically. There is no drug that affects the virus that causes mumps. Therefore, it is better to carry out prevention.

Mumps vaccine (MMR) is used to prevent the disease and its complications. They do it at 1 year, revaccination is carried out at 6 years.

epididymitis and orchiepididymitis

Infectious diseases of the testis and their appendages. It occurs in men of all ages. The defeat of the epididymis is more common than the testicles. The infection enters the scrotum through the bloodstream.

The disease begins with an increase in temperature to 38 - 39 degrees. Pain in the groin appear gradually and increase during the day. The scrotum doubles, becomes red, painful. Adolescents are often silent about the problem for a long time, until the pain becomes unbearable.

What to do:

It is advisable to provide bed rest.
Give the affected organ an elevated position or put on supportive underpants.
Give me an antipyretic. It also relieves pain and reduces inflammation.
Call a doctor. Only a doctor can assess the severity of the condition and prescribe further treatment.

Most often, orchitis and epididymitis are treated at home. Antibiotics, vitamins, painkillers are prescribed. If the condition worsens, if it is impossible to create calm conditions at home, or if another disease of the scrotum is suspected, it is recommended to go to the hospital.

Complications of infectious diseases of the scrotum can be purulent epididymitis, abscess of the scrotum. In such cases, an operation is performed.

Orchiepidimitis are also non-infectious. They occur as a side effect of certain drugs.

The disease was first described in 1883. Fournier's gangrene is extremely rare.

The cause of gangrene can be:

accidental or intentional injury;
the presence of a foreign body in penetrating trauma;
poor perineal hygiene.

Diabetes mellitus, HIV infection, systemic lupus erythematosus can predispose to the disease.

At the beginning of the disease, there is pain, swelling, redness of the scrotum. Symptoms grow rapidly in strength. The tissues of the scrotum organs die very quickly, which leads to an extremely serious condition of the patient.

Treatment is carried out only in a hospital setting.

Varicocele

This is varicose veins of the scrotum.

It occurs in boys over the age of 10 years.

The causes of varicocele are congenital anomalies, hereditary factor, trauma, constipation.

The beginning is gradual. There is a pulling pain in the perineum, then the pain intensifies. Edema also increases gradually, varicose veins are noticeable.

If for some reason (teenagers are reluctant to share a similar problem with their parents), time has been missed for the treatment of this disease, it can lead to infertility.

Treatment of this disease can be both surgical and conservative (drugs).

The operation is required in the following cases:

severe pain in the scrotum;
with infertility that has arisen against the background of a decrease in mobility, quality and quantity of spermatozoa;
when testicular growth stops;
with a pronounced cosmetic defect.

If this disease is detected, a consultation with a urologist and phlebologist is necessary.

Conclusion

The topic covered in this article is sensitive and extremely delicate. Many parents are embarrassed to raise issues related to the sexual sphere in general. What can we say about a child, especially a teenager. Therefore, it is important for parents to establish a trusting relationship with their child from an early age so that omissions and embarrassment do not cause possible medical complications in the future.

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