Symptoms and signs of adenovirus infection. Adenovirus infection in children: symptoms and treatment. Causes of infection with adenovirus infection

Adenovirus infection is an acute pathology caused by adenovirus. The disease is manifested by general intoxication of the body, inflammation of the nasopharynx, signs of keratoconjunctivitis, tonsillopharyngitis and mesadenitis.

Adenovirus infection is widespread. It accounts for about 10% of all pathologies of viral etiology. The highest incidence rates are observed in the autumn-winter period due to a decrease in the systemic immune status.

Both sporadic cases of pathology and outbreaks of epidemics are recorded.

Types of damage by adenovirus:

• Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis develops after a respiratory infection or as a result of infection in the water of pools or surface reservoirs;
• ARVI - in newly formed children's and adult groups;
• Keratoconjunctivitis in newborns;
• Meningoencephalitis is a rare form that develops in children and adults;
• Nosocomial infection is the result of medical manipulations.

Etiology and pathogenesis

The causative agent of the disease is adenovirus, which was isolated for the first time from the adenoids and tonsils of sick children. It consists of DNA covered with a capsid, thanks to which the virus retains its pathogenic properties and is resistant to cold, drying, alkalis, and ether.

The reservoir of infection is a sick person or a virus carrier.

The mechanisms of transmission of the pathogen are:

1. Aerosol or drip, which is implemented by airborne droplets,
2. Fecal-oral, sold by alimentary, water and household contact.

Viruses with lymph flow penetrate into the lymph nodes, accumulate there, which leads to the development of peripheral lymphadenopathy and mesadenitis. The activity of the macrophage link of immunity is suppressed, the vascular endothelium is affected, and viremia develops.

Pathogenic pathogens enter various organs through the hematogenous route. Often, viruses are fixed in the liver and spleen with the development of hepatosplenomegaly.

Classification

There are several classifications of the disease by groups:

• By severity - light, moderate and heavy;
• Downstream - smooth, complicated;
• By type - typical and atypical;
• According to the severity of clinical symptoms - with a predominance of symptoms of intoxication or with a predominance of local changes.

Clinic of the disease in adults

The incubation period lasts 2 weeks and is characterized by the penetration of adenoviruses into cells and their subsequent death.

Prodrome is a stage of precursors of the disease, which is observed from the first manifestations to a detailed clinical picture. It lasts 10-15 days and is manifested by weakness, fatigue, weakness.

A characteristic feature of the disease is the defeat of organs and systems in a strict sequence: from the nose and cornea of ​​​​the eyes to the intestines.

In adults, adenovirus infection is manifested by the following symptoms:

1. Symptoms of intoxication - fever, headache, muscle, joint pain.
2. Violation of nasal breathing and abundant mucous discharge from it;
3. Inflammation of the tonsils: they are edematous, loose, red with a whitish punctate coating;
4. Lymphadenitis.

Lymphadenitis and inflammation of the tonsils - signs of adenovirus infection

The infection descends and affects the pharynx, trachea and bronchi. Developing , or with further accession . Symptoms of pathologies are:

• Hoarseness;
• a painful cough that gradually becomes;
• Dyspnea.

Keratoconjunctivitis - inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea of ​​the eye, manifested by a feeling of sand in the eyes, their redness, injection of the sclera, pain, the formation of crusts on the eyelashes and films on the conjunctival membrane. Whitish dots appear on the cornea, which merge, which leads to clouding of the cornea.

With the simultaneous development of conjunctivitis and pharyngitis, pharyngoconjunctival fever occurs.

Intestinal lesion is accompanied by mesadenitis- inflammation of the lymph nodes of the mesentery, which is accompanied by paroxysmal pain in the abdomen, intoxication and intestinal dysfunction. Clinical features of mesenteric lymphadenitis « acute abdomen.

Complications of the disease in adults are the following pathologies:, purulent, secondary bacterial, bronchial obstruction, kidney disease.

Clinic of the disease in children

Adenovirus infection in children is manifested by the following symptoms:

A sick child has a typical appearance: a pasty face, edematous and hyperemic eyelids, a narrowed palpebral fissure. Palpation revealed mobile and enlarged lymph nodes. For young children, a violation of the stool - diarrhea is characteristic.

In infants, the disease develops extremely rarely, which is associated with the presence of passive immunity. If infection does occur, then the disease is severe, especially in children with perinatal pathology. In patients after the addition of a bacterial infection, signs of respiratory failure appear. This can lead to death.

According to the severity, three forms of adenovirus infection are distinguished:

• Light - with a temperature of less than 38.5 ° C and intoxication.
• Moderate - with a temperature of up to 40 ° C without intoxication.
• Severe - with the development of complications: inflammation of the bronchi or lungs, keratoconjunctivitis.

Complications of pathology in children - inflammation of the middle ear, bronchitis, pneumonia, encephalitis, dysfunction of the cardiovascular system, maculopapular rash on the skin.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of pathology includes the study of the epidemiological situation, the collection of complaints and anamnesis of the disease, serodiagnosis and virological examination of the discharge of the nasopharynx.

Signs of adenovirus infection:

1. Typical epidemiological history;
2. The combination of intoxication, symptoms of inflammation of the nasopharynx and mucous membranes of the eyes;
3. undulating current;
4. exudative inflammation;
5. Polyadenitis;
6. hepatolienal syndrome.

Of great importance for the diagnosis of pathology is the sequence of symptoms.

Differential diagnosis of adenovirus infection should be carried out with. A distinctive feature of the latter is the predominance of symptoms of intoxication over catarrhal phenomena. With influenza, there is also no hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenitis, and impaired nasal breathing. It is possible to accurately determine the etiology of the disease only with the help of laboratory diagnostics.

Laboratory methods of research allow to confirm the diagnosis. These include:

• Linked immunosorbent assay- detection of adenoviral antigen in the affected epithelial cells;
• Virological method consists in the detection of adenoviruses in swabs from the nasopharynx, blood or feces;
• Serodiagnostics- neutralization reaction, compliment binding reaction.

Treatment

Treatment of adenovirus infection consists in the use of antiviral drugs, immunomodulators and immunostimulants, general and local antibiotics, drugs to relieve symptoms.

Features of the treatment of adenovirus infection in children

• Sick children are shown bed rest, plenty of warm drink and sparing food.
• If the child's temperature is above 38.5 ° C, you should use antipyretic drugs in accordance with age - "Nurofen", "Panadol". Well reduce the temperature in children vinegar rubbing the body.
• Etiotropic treatment consists in the use of "Interferon", "Viferon".
• Warm milk with soda helps to cope with a dry cough. Heated alkaline mineral water has the same effect. The fight against wet cough is carried out by using expectorants - Ambroxol, Bromhexine.

• The treatment for conjunctivitis in a child is in washing the eyes with a weak solution of potassium permanganate or weak tea, and then instilling the eyes with a solution of Sulfacyl sodium or Levimicitin.
• When symptoms appear, patients are instilled into the nose "Pinosol", "Nazivin", "Tizin" after cleansing the mucosa with saline or "Aquamaris".
• Restorative therapy - multivitamins.

Prevention

The main preventive measures are aimed at increasing the overall resistance of the child's body and isolating sick children from an organized team.

1. Wellness procedures - hardening, proper nutrition;
2. Reception of herbal adaptogens - tinctures of Eleutherococcus, magnolia vine, echinacea;
3. Periodic intake of vitamin-mineral complexes, and in the autumn-winter period - immunomodulatory and immunostimulating drugs.
4. Chlorination of water in swimming pools.
5. Prevention of drafts and hypothermia, clothing according to the weather.
6. Reduction of contacts during the epidemic season, exclusion of visits to mass gatherings of people.

After isolating a sick child from the children's team, the final disinfection is carried out in the room. Surrounding objects are treated with chlorine-containing solutions - chloramine or sulfochloranthin. Emergency prophylaxis is carried out in the focus by prescribing immunostimulants to contact children.

If there is an epidemic outbreak of the disease, it is necessary to declare a quarantine to prevent the spread of infection. In the epidemic focus, medical personnel must wear masks and change them every three hours.

Video: viral infections and their treatment, Dr. Komarovsky

Content

For the first time, the concept (B34.0, ICD code 10) was proposed in 1956 by scientists Enders and Francis. Since then, it has firmly entered medicine and is used to this day. This type of disease affects mainly children and young people. If the diagnosis is made quickly and high-quality treatment is prescribed, negative consequences can be avoided.

What is adenovirus infection

At its core, adenovirus diseases are a subspecies of SARS. Viruses containing DNA act as the causative agent. The disease makes itself felt mainly in the cold season, affects the mucous membranes of the respiratory and ocular systems, intestines. In studying the question of what adenovirus is, the concept of "pharyngoconjunctival fever" is appropriate.

Symptoms

In children and adults, the symptoms of adenovirus infection appear approximately the same. The disease is characterized by:

• headache;
• cough;
• dyspnea;
• pain and pain in the eyes, inflammation, profuse mucous discharge;
• intoxication of the body;
• pharyngoconjunctival fever;
• chills;
• diarrhea;
• discomfort in the navel (mainly paroxysmal pain occurs);
• aching pain in the bones (in the right iliac region);
• swelling of the nasolabial sinuses;
• increased body temperature;
• enlarged lymph nodes;
• conjunctivitis.

In infants, against the background of fever, convulsions may develop, the seizures of which should be stopped immediately in order to avoid complications. At this age, the symptomatic picture is not too pronounced, therefore, intestinal dysfunction and elevated body temperature may indicate the need to show the child to a specialist.

Laryngopharyngotracheitis

Against the background of the progression of the infection, laringopharyngotracheitis or damage to the larynx begins up to the bronchi. It is characterized by: dry "barking" cough, constant wheezing on inhalation and exhalation, cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle, shortness of breath and hoarseness of voice. If treatment is not started in time, the primary disease will develop into persistent bronchitis, sometimes of a chronic type.

Adenovirus infection of the eye

Adenovirus eye infection can be caused by different types of adenovirus. The disease is transmitted by airborne droplets or by non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene. The main signs of the presence of an adenovirus infection are:

• intolerance to bright sunlight;
• profuse lacrimation;
• redness of the mucous membrane of the eyes;
• itching, burning;
• feeling that there is a foreign body in the eye.

Adenovirus infection of the eye affects one visual organ, and soon (in the absence of proper treatment) provokes the development of complications. The most common of these are bacterial or allergic conjunctivitis and dry eye syndrome. The disease often turns into a congestive chronic form, which will be an order of magnitude more difficult to finally cure.

Rash

Such a symptom as satiety with adenovirus infection manifests itself mainly in infants. Initially, the rash affects the face, gradually spreading throughout the body. The rash disappears up to several weeks, and if inflammation is not subjected to mechanical stress, there are no traces of them. Hydrocortisone ointment, which has an anti-inflammatory effect, will help speed up the disappearance of adenovirus papules. An alternative to it can be prednisolone ointment, which gives a similar result, but is based on a different active substance.

Pneumonia

Acute adenoviral pneumonia involves the progression of the infection of the same name in the patient's body, to which the secondary bacterial flora joins. The causative agent has more than 40 varieties that affect patients of different age groups. Worst of all, due to the lack of immunity, the disease is carried by children under 5 years of age. Such pneumonia is transmitted by airborne droplets and the fecal-oral route.

Angina and conjunctivitis at the same time

Viral tonsillitis and conjunctivitis are very common at the same time if the disease of the respiratory tract is provoked by adenovirus. Here it is important to act on the problem in a complex way, eliminating not only the symptomatic picture, but also the pathogen itself. For these purposes, polyionic crystalloid solutions, antihistamines and antibiotics, taken according to a scheme strictly defined by the doctor, are excellent. Otherwise, there is a high probability that conjunctivitis will become chronic.

Acute rhinopharyngotonsillitis

Clinically, upper acute rhinopharyngotonsillitis of a bacterial nature practically does not differ from its viral equivalent. A swab from the throat will help to accurately diagnose the form. Its results will form a clinical picture and prescribe an effective treatment for the patient. The incubation period lasts from 1 day to two weeks, after which the clinic of the disease manifests itself in full.

Adenovirus infection - diagnosis

The disease has characteristic symptoms, so doctors manage to make a diagnosis based on visible clinical manifestations and patient complaints. If there is an atypical course of infection, in addition, in order to detect antibodies, differential diagnosis with infectious mononucleosis is carried out. During seasonal epidemics, the diagnosis of adenovirus infection is carried out using the virological research method. The sample is a wash from the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx.

Treatment

Often, the treatment of adenovirus infection is carried out in the patient's usual home conditions and does not require hospitalization. The exception is cases of severe course or sudden onset of complications.

In children

Competent treatment - an adenovirus infection in a child involves complications - this is a mandatory request for help from a pediatrician. After conducting an initial examination of a small patient, the doctor will correctly select not only the main drugs, but also the age dosages of each of them. To quickly overcome adenovirus in children without subsequent complications will help:

• Bed rest. Young children may develop convulsions when they have a high temperature and fever. For these purposes, antipyretics effective for a particular patient should be in the parents' first-aid kit.
• Fight cough. Mucolytic drugs are called upon to ensure the discharge of sputum against the background of infection. In the fight against dry adenoviral cough, it is better to use folk remedies: milk with the addition of baking soda, alkaline mineral waters. Very willingly, the child will drink fruit drinks.
• Regular eye care. To eliminate the consequences of inflammation of the conjunctiva, a weak solution of potassium permanganate or furacilin is used. In the need to overcome adenovirus infection of the sclera, eye drops will also help, which must be used according to the scheme prescribed by the doctor.
• Cold treatment. Vasoconstrictor drops are mandatory, but such treatment should last no more than 5 days. For these purposes, a solution of deoxyribonuclease or its counterpart, a solution of sodium sulfacyl, is well suited.

In adults

According to the principle of exposure, the treatment of adenovirus infection in adults is not too different from the children's version. The problem is that an adult takes a less responsible approach to maintaining health, so he often goes to the doctor with a neglected form. In this case, he is prescribed an antibiotic that stops the spread of the virus and prevents the development of complications from the infection. Like a child, an adult should stay in bed until the temperature returns to normal. You can go outside after the disappearance of symptomatic manifestations of the infection.

How to treat adenovirus infection

Traditional medicine involves a medical method of treatment that gives a guaranteed positive result. However, patients are increasingly paying attention to folk non-traditional remedies for treating infections, completely replacing them with classic drugs. With the help of herbs and decoctions, symptoms can be alleviated and the healing process somewhat accelerated. Only medicines can overcome the adenoid virus. Traditional medicine can be used as an auxiliary, but the final decision on how to treat an adenovirus infection is made by the doctor.

Antivirals

Antibiotics

Traditionally, antibiotics for adenovirus infection are used for:

• no improvement for more than 3 days;
• accession of secondary microflora.

For these purposes, a broad-spectrum local antibiotic, successfully used in combination with an antiviral drug, and its systemic equivalent, which is often based on colloidal solutions, are perfect. A significant disadvantage of the latter is the fact that such an antibiotic involves only intramuscular or intravenous administration. This makes the use of drugs when treating adenovirus very problematic for children.

Adenovirus infection during pregnancy

There can be many undesirable consequences of adenovirus infection during pregnancy:

• miscarriage;
• pathology;
• premature birth;
• developmental delay of the embryo.

The percentage of development of pathologies in an unborn baby is small, so the expectant mother should not panic, but immediately seek help from a medical professional. The most dangerous is the first trimester of pregnancy, when even a minor infection, including the adenoid virus, can cause complications. However, a properly prescribed drug complex and vitamins reduce this probability to a minimum.

Complications

Traditionally, the adenoid virus leaves without a trace and does not cause any consequences. In case of complications, stronger drugs and detoxification therapy are simply prescribed. However, with improper treatment, the patient may be disturbed by:

• angina;
• mesadenitis;
• muscle pain;
• pneumonia;
• hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissue of the intestine;
• pain in the joints;
• immunosuppression;
• hyperemia of the conjunctiva;
• exacerbation of chronic diseases, etc.

Proper prevention can also help to avoid complications. In the cold season, when the body is especially vulnerable, an adult and a child should include vitamin-containing foods in their diet. In addition, during epidemics, it is important to avoid crowded places. The respiratory virus has a wave-like character, so the peak of the incidence occurs several times per season.

Video

Attention! The information provided in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and give recommendations for treatment, based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

Adenovirus infection refers to acute infectious diseases with ICD-10 B-57. Most often from her affects children from six months to five years.

During the disease, the nasopharynx, conjunctiva and lymphoid tissue are affected.

Disease proceeds with intoxication, feverish phenomena, severe cough and conjunctivitis. We will talk about the symptoms and methods of treating adenovirus infection in children in the article.

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concept

What is adenovirus infection in children?

Adenovirus infection in children develops when infected with adenoviruses and is characterized by variety of clinical manifestations including mucosal lesions:

• eye (conjunctiva);
• nasopharynx;
• intestines.

The process may also include the lymph nodes, liver and spleen, since the causative agents of the disease have toxicity.

Breastfed children are less susceptible to this disease due to the presence of antibodies in the body that come with mother's milk.

The disease is most common in children is seasonal. Its typical form is treated by a pediatrician. With a severe and complicated course of the disease, the child is hospitalized, where an oculist, gastroenterologist and neurologist can also be treated.

Causative Agents and Transmission Mechanism

The disease is caused by adenoviruses of the family Adenoviride genus Mastadenovirus DNA-containing medium sized viruses.

Laboratory methods were able to identify about 50 serotypes of the culprits of the disease in children.

Most active with the defeat of the child's body are the third and seventh serotypes.

Infectious agents are very resistant under normal conditions. They live for about two weeks. disastrous for all adenoviruses are:

• heating to a temperature of 56-60 degrees and above for half an hour;
• sunlight or ultraviolet rays;
• chlorine-containing preparations.

At freezing pathogens do not die, but lose their ability to reproduce. After defrosting, they retain all their properties.

Adenoviruses are capable of surviving and reproducing on household items, in medicinal solutions and in water at room temperature.

Disease transmitted to healthy children from sick people in the following ways:

• airborne;
• water (when visiting the pool);
• fecal-oral in case of non-observance of hygiene rules.

After infection, adenovirus, due to its lymphotropism, is introduced into the mucous membrane of the eyes, nasopharynx, tonsils and intestines, causing inflammation at the site of injury.

Symptoms and signs

Clinical manifestations of adenovirus infection can be characterized two syndromes:

• respiratory;
• pharyngoconjunctival fever syndrome.

Incubation period illness lasts four to seven days. At the very beginning, the following symptoms appear:

1. Perspiration and severe soreness in the throat. The child becomes difficult to swallow. The mucous membrane of the pharynx turns red and swells.
2. Difficulty in nasal breathing due to swelling of the nasopharynx.
3. The temperature rises to 37.5-38 degrees.
4. Lachrymation, pain in the eyes, redness of the conjunctiva.
5. General weakness, lack of appetite, capriciousness.

On the second and third days all pain symptoms worsen:

1. The temperature rises to 39 degrees or more.
2. Severe shortness of breath and copious discharge from the nose of a green color may appear.
3. The child starts to cough. The cough in the early days is usually dry. Sputum begins to separate, starting from the third or fourth day.
4. In children under one year old, adenovirus infection is accompanied by watery diarrhea without blood and mucus up to six times a day. This is due to the inflammatory process of the mesentery of the intestine.
5. Pus may come out of the eyes. For this reason, it is impossible for a baby to open his eyes in the morning.
6. The lymph nodes are enlarged. Despite the increase in size, they remain mobile and painless.
7. In severe cases, an increase in the size of the spleen and liver is possible, which is accompanied by pain in the abdomen in the navel.

Heat may be accompanied by convulsions especially in children under two years of age.

In this case, you need to call an ambulance.

Before her arrival, wipe the baby with a cloth soaked in vodka or vinegar in the groin area, under the armpits, as well as the feet and palms.

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Forms of the disease

Adenovirus infection is divided into the following forms according to the nature of clinical manifestations:

1. ORZ accompanied by cough, swelling of the nasopharynx, weakness, aches, chills and prolonged fever.
2. Pharyngoconjunctival fever. This form is characterized by an increase in temperature to 38-39 degrees for 5-7 days, as well as weakness, nausea, cough and membranous conjunctivitis (a white film appears on the surface of the eye, which can be removed with a cotton swab).
3. adenovirus pneumonia. In this case, the disease is accompanied not only by high fever (39 degrees) and increased cough, but also by cyanosis of the skin, shortness of breath.
4. Conjunctivitis different kinds. This is a very severe form of adenovirus infection. It is characterized by an increase in temperature up to 40 degrees during the week and damage to the eyes. Conjunctivitis can be membranous or follicular (white follicles form on the eyelids, causing loosening of the mucosa). In rare cases, keratosis develops (the formation of a dense film on the eyeball).

By severity, adenovirus infection is divided into:

• light form characterized by sore throat, cough, redness of the eyes and a slight increase in lymph nodes;
• moderate, in which hyperplasia of the lymph nodes develops, lymphadenopathy and conjunctivitis in membranous or follicular form;
• heavy. In this case, the disease is complicated by a bacterial infection and the spread of the virus throughout the body (generalization). With this form, the blood circulation of the brain tissues is disturbed and its inflammation develops.

Diagnostics

When diagnosing a disease, it is very important to exclude diseases such as diphtheria, mononucleosis and others similar in their symptoms to manifestations of adenovirus infection.

Immunofluorescence is used to quickly determine the presence of adenovirus in the body.

For analysis, swabs are taken from the child's throat, mucous membranes of the eyes and nose. The doctor also gives directions to general blood and urine tests. After making a diagnosis, he prescribes treatment depending on the form of the disease and its severity.

Treatment Methods

How to treat adenovirus infection in children? With adenovirus infection in children, it is necessary very thoughtful approach to treatment, taking into account the age, form of the disease and its severity.

Medical

Official medicine uses the following medicines:

1. Antiviral. For this purpose, broad-spectrum virucidal preparations are used. For example, Arbidol, Ribovirin, Contricap. For external use, Oxolinic ointment, Bonafton, Lokferon are suitable. The action of these drugs is based on blocking the synthesis of the DNA of the virus and its penetration into the cell of the body.
2. Immunomodulators. For example, interferon in the form of drops that need to be instilled into the nose five times a day.
3. Immunostimulants. These include Cycloferon and Anaferon, which can be used from the age of six months.
4. Antibiotics appoint at accession of a bacterial infection. Topical antibiotics can be combined with antiviral drugs. Such antibacterial agents include, for example, Geksoral, Lizobakt, Imudon, Salutab.

Systemic antibiotics for children include second- and third-generation cephalosporins, as well as cefotaxime. They are prescribed intramuscularly or intravenously.

For facilitate sputum discharge when coughing, children are recommended Ambrobens, which has a delicate expectorant effect. This drug can also be used for inhalation.

This procedure not only moisturizes and soothes inflamed mucous membranes, but also contributes to optimal cleansing of the upper respiratory tract.

At conjunctivitis treatment a doctor may prescribe topical corticosteroids in combination with deoxyribonuclease ointment or eye drops to suppress adenovirus DNA synthesis.

With the aim of temperature drop using drugs based on paracetamol. For example, Panadol.

Folk remedies

Treatment with traditional medicine is considered preferable for a mild form of adenovirus infection. With a moderate severity of the disease, it is desirable to combine these drugs with traditional methods.

For gargle use:

• a solution of sea salt in warm water (10 g per 200 ml);
• three drops of iodine and 10 g of baking soda dissolved in 100 ml of warm water;
• decoction of sage or chamomile.

At conjunctivitis treatment you can make green tea compresses for five minutes.

Into the nose every four hours it is advisable to instill a warm solution of sea salt in water (5 g per 100 ml).

As an expectorant funds use breast collection, as well as decoctions of coltsfoot and plantain, taken in equal proportions.

Very effective in treating disease inhalation based on the following herbs:

• eucalyptus;
• sage;
• calendula.

During the day, the child can be given alkalizing drink. It can be hot milk with baking soda, taken on the tip of a teaspoon, or warm alkaline mineral water.

Do not forget about the regular ventilation of the room in which the patient is located. Should also be maintained indoors high level of humidity.

In the absence of a humidifier, you can put a damp towel on the central heating battery or put a pot of boiling water in the room.

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Duration and possible complications

How long does adenovirus infection last in children? This factor depends on the severity of the disease and the immunity of the patient. On average, adenovirus infection continues one to three weeks. After an illness, a child develops immunity.

Unfortunately, only for the type of virus that he had. This means that he can again become infected with an adenovirus infection, but with a different kind of virus.

After an adenovirus infection in a child chronic diseases may worsen. An untreated disease can also be complicated later:

In order to avoid such complications after the disease, it is necessary to carry out a number of preventive measures in order to increase the child's immunity.

Prevention

Before the onset of a seasonal outbreak of the disease, children can be lubricated with Oxolinic Ointment or PC-19, which can be used from three months.

To do this, clean the baby's nostrils with a cotton swab. Then apply a small amount of ointment to the inside of the nostrils and squeeze them several times. Carry out the procedure once a day, in the morning, for two weeks.

Since a vaccine against adenovirus infection has not yet been invented, the best prevention of this disease is organization of a healthy lifestyle for the child, which includes:

• daily walks in the fresh air;
• complete nutrition;
• motor activity.

Adenovirus infection affects children with low immunity.

This disease it is very important to cure to the end, and then, in cooperation with the pediatrician, develop a number of measures to increase the immunity of the baby, not forgetting the organization of a healthy lifestyle.

An infectious disease specialist will tell you about adenovirus infection in this video:

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Adenovirus infection is a combination of pathologies that are accompanied by damage to the respiratory system, vision, lymphoid tissue and intestines. Most often, such an ailment is detected in patients in the winter, but it can also be in the summer. Adenoviruses are distinguished by their increased resistance to the negative effects of the external environment, that is, they tolerate temperature drops and organic solvents well. At the same time, they can be destroyed within half an hour when heated. The clinical picture of this pathology is represented by moderate or mild intoxication. With a mild illness, local treatment is carried out, and with a neglected form of the disease, detoxification therapy is selected.

Causes of infection

The main source of infection is a sick person, and especially in the first month after the onset of pathology. The virus present in the mucus enters the environment during the blowing of the nose.

In addition, there is a possibility that infection will occur from passive carriers of the virus. The infection can affect the body of a healthy person by airborne droplets, that is, when he inhales the air with the virus present in it. With this etiology, a sick person can shed the virus during a cough, along with feces and urine.

Adenovirus infection almost never occurs in infants and this is due to the fact that they acquire immunity along with mother's milk. It contains specific antibodies against the virus, which help to avoid infection. After complementary foods are introduced, the protective functions of the child's body noticeably weaken, and the child becomes more susceptible to the disease.

Up to 7 years old, a baby can get sick with such infections several times, but after this age, he usually develops strong immunity, which in the future reduces the risk of developing pathology.

Most often, adenovirus infection enters the body when inhaled through the respiratory system. Accessible places for the introduction of the virus into the human body are considered to be the intestines and mucous membranes of the eyes. Initially, the infection affects the epithelium, and then enters the nucleus, where the active division of pathogenic cells begins. Gradually, the virus invades the lymph nodes, and then the newly made cells enter the bloodstream and spread the infection throughout the human body.

Initially, adenovirus in adults affects the mucosa of the nasopharynx, tonsils and larynx. The consequence of this pathological condition is a strong swelling of the tonsils, which is combined with the release of serous sputum from the nose. According to the same scheme, edema of the conjunctival mucosa occurs, and the characteristic symptoms of this condition are increased tearing, gluing of eyelashes, burning and photophobia.

Viruses are able to penetrate into the lung tissue, causing the progression of pneumonia and bronchitis. In addition, the presence of such an infection in the human body can adversely affect the functioning of organs such as the liver, kidneys and spleen.

Symptoms of pathology

With adenovirus infection, a variety of symptoms may appear in adults and this depends on the severity of the course of the disease.

After being introduced into the body, the virus can be present in a person for a day, but there are situations when the pathology does not manifest itself for several weeks.

In adult patients, the characteristic manifestations of pathology develop in a certain sequence. At the very beginning of the disease, the following symptoms of the disease often appear:

• body temperature rises;
• nasal congestion appears;
• concerned about pain in the throat and perspiration;
• weakness of the whole organism is noted.

A few days after the onset of the development of such an infection, an increase in temperature up to 39 degrees can be observed. In addition, a person begins to be disturbed by pain in the joints and muscles, as well as migraines and lethargy. In addition, there may be a decrease or complete absence of appetite. In a severe form of infection, intoxication of the whole organism develops, which is accompanied by the appearance of pain in the abdomen and diarrhea, as well as bouts of nausea and vomiting.

The characteristic symptoms of this pathology are swelling and redness of the palatine tonsils, which increase in size and begin to protrude beyond the palatine arches. A white or brown coating accumulates on the tongue, in some cases stripes of bright red color may appear on it. There is an increase in the follicles and there is a whitish deposit on them, which is easily scraped off during the examination.

In the event that an adenoviral infection in adults becomes complicated, then bronchitis may develop with a strong dry cough. After a few days, sputum begins to separate, in which there may be pus.

With adenovirus infection, inflammation of the mucous membrane is observed, and the virus may not affect the first or fifth day. Usually, the mucous membrane of one eye becomes the site of localization of conjunctivitis, but after a few days, the second organ of vision also affects the inflammatory process. With an adenovirus eye infection, the following symptoms may appear:

• proteins are stained red;
• there is pain and itching in the organs of vision;
• increased lacrimation;
• severe swelling of the eyelids;
• hyperemia appears;
• the conjunctiva swells strongly;
• increased sensitivity to bright light.

A typical symptom of the pathology is inflammation of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract in combination with conjunctivitis, that is, the development of adenovirus infection of the pharyngoconjunctival. It is on them that a specialist can diagnose such a disease during examination. The specificity of the occurrence of a particular symptom is determined by the type of virus and the focus of the inflammatory process.

Possible Complications

Experts say that cases of complicated adenovirus infection are extremely rare. At the same time, a poorly treated disease or lack of effective therapy leads to the development of:

• otitis;
• sinusitis;
• sinusitis;
• bronchitis;
• purulent conjunctivitis.

In advanced cases, damage to the kidneys, the development of problems with the central nervous system and malfunctions in the functioning of the heart muscle are possible.

With pathology during pregnancy, additional infections can join and severe complications develop. Pregnancy itself and labor activity with such an infection can be quite difficult. Infection of the mother's body in the first trimester can lead to spontaneous miscarriage.

In the event that the virus enters the body at a later date, this may affect the development of the fetus. Adenovirus infection can cross the placenta, which can cause various abnormalities in the developing child. At the same time, the prognosis for such a pathology is quite favorable. Adenovirus infection during pregnancy is successfully treated.

Methods for diagnosing pathology

Adenovirus infection is characterized by the appearance of signs similar to other types of diseases. It is for this reason that a comprehensive examination is carried out to confirm the presence of infection in the body of an adult, according to the results of which it is possible to make the correct diagnosis.

In order to confirm the presence of an adenoviral infection in the body, laboratory diagnostics are prescribed, that is, general and biochemical blood tests are done, and sputum is also examined.

In the event that the disease proceeds in a mild uncomplicated form, then the patient does not observe any special changes. In such a situation, only an increase in ESR and leukocytosis is possible. In the study of sputum, it is possible to determine the sensitivity of bacteria to certain antibacterial drugs. At the same time, the diagnosis of adenovirus infection also includes an instrumental examination, that is, an examination of the chest organs is done by a specialist. With such an examination, it is possible to identify small focal lesions when a pathology such as pneumonia is attached. If indicated, doctors can prescribe the following types of diagnostics:

• urine test;
• immunofluorescence;
• serological examination;
• virological method.

After evaluating all the results of the examination, it is possible to compile a complete picture of the course of the pathology and select the most effective therapy.

Therapy Methods

Adenovirus infection in adults is usually treated with both traditional therapies and folk recipes. The choice of this or that method is determined by the severity of the disease and the signs that occur during its course. If a mild degree of adenovirus infection is detected in an adult, local treatment is selected. Nasal drops are prescribed, with the help of which it is possible to stop the secretion of mucus from the nose.

• With eye damage, eye drops are selected, among which sodium sulfate solution or deoxyribonuclease solution are considered the most effective. When a film appears on the cornea, instead of drops, prednisolone ointment is prescribed, which must be applied behind the eyelid. Eye washing can be carried out using various solutions, for example, Furacilin.
• With a severe development of adenovirus infection, methods of therapy are selected aimed at detoxifying the body. The patient is prescribed special solutions that are injected into the body intravenously. In addition, the treatment is carried out with the help of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs that destroy various foci of infection and eliminate unpleasant symptoms.
• Antibacterial therapy for adenovirus infection should be supplemented with agents that restore the intestinal microflora.
• Hexoral is an effective drug that helps to eliminate pain in the throat. In the treatment of adenovirus infection, it is necessary to use such a drug with extreme caution after prior consultation with a specialist.
• It is recommended to resort to the help of antipyretic drugs only when the body temperature rises more than 38.5 degrees. In addition, such medicines can be taken when a lower temperature makes a person uncomfortable. It is possible to normalize body temperature with the help of antipyretic drugs such as Ibuprofen and Paracetamol.

In the event that the development of an adenovirus infection in the body is accompanied by the appearance of a wet cough, then expectorants and mucolytics are prescribed. The following medicines give a good effect in the treatment of such a pathology:

• Bromhexine;
• Mukaltin;
• Ambroxol.

To eliminate cough, medicines in the form of tablets and syrups with an expectorant effect can be prescribed, and inhalations can also be done. In the event that an adult is concerned about a dry cough, then treatment is carried out with the help of antitussive drugs.

In the event of various complications, etiotropic therapy is carried out, which involves the elimination of the main cause of the disease. Treatment is carried out with the help of drugs such as Viferon, Cycloferon and Isoprinosine, the action of which is aimed at destroying the virus. To increase the body's defenses and normalize the functioning of the immune system, various vitamins and minerals are prescribed.

Usually, the pathology can be successfully cured after 7-10 days with effective therapy. In the event that viral cells linger in the body, the recovery period can be delayed for several weeks.

Elimination of adenovirus infection can be carried out with the help of alternative therapy. With a dry cough, it is recommended to be treated with breast collection, tea with raspberries, linden and chamomile, as well as drinking hot milk. During the entire illness, it is necessary to observe bed rest and special nutrition. A good result in the elimination of such an infection is given by physiotherapeutic procedures.

In most cases, the prognosis of the pathology is quite favorable, and only in some situations in adults pulmonary complications are detected, and death is extremely rare. At the same time, it is not necessary to perceive an adenovirus infection as a common cold, but to contact a specialist when the first characteristic signs appear. Timely diagnosis and effective therapy can prevent the development of serious health problems. Symptoms and treatment of adenovirus infection in adults are determined by the stage of the pathology and the general condition of the person.

The defeat of adenovirus can be such parts of the body as the intestinal mucosa, eyes, respiratory tract, lymph nodes. Infectious diseases of this type are most often spread among children's groups, since it is the kids who have reduced immunity. They can also be found in adults, but much less often, and they are encountered during the spring and summer.

Is an eye infection dangerous: symptoms and complications

Some call this disease an adenoid viral infection, but this is not entirely true, as there is a difference in symptoms and possible complications. It is worth noting that this infection has an incubation period of 2 weeks, and the bacteria can tolerate freezing, but they can die under the influence of chlorine and ultraviolet rays.

The virus is transmitted through the airborne route.

Adenovirus infection can occur due to almost 50 varieties of the pathogen. As soon as a person has had such an infection, the body develops immunity to secondary infection. Secondary infection is possible, but only with another type of this virus. The virus is not terrible for such a place in the body as an adenoma, and eye problems most often occur. But, if they are not treated in time, then such bacterial infections can bring many complications, but this is rare and only in special cases.

In the form of complications, it can be:

• Otitis, which is treated with flemoxin;
• Bronchitis, which cannot be eliminated without an antibiotic;
• Sinusitis, for the treatment of which homeopathic remedies are needed;
• sinusitis;
• Conjunctivitis of purulent and membranous appearance.

In a particularly severe case, there may be kidney damage, impaired functioning of the heart muscle, and a problem with the central nervous system.

Symptoms of adenovirus infection in adults

As with any infection, adenovirus can begin its development as soon as possible. All this is accompanied by symptoms of intoxication, as thermoregulation is disturbed, there is a headache, lethargy and drowsiness. What symptoms can occur with such an adenovirus infection? As a rule, the first signs can appear on the 3rd day after infection.

This period is accompanied by symptoms in the form of:

• Weaknesses;
• Headache;
• rhinitis;
• Inflammation, itching and tearing from the eyes;
• Soreness of the lymph nodes;
• Inflammation in the throat;
• High temperature up to 39 ᵒС;
• Gastroenteritis.

A day after the onset of the first symptoms, the temperature rises to almost the maximum level, and against this background, a deterioration in general well-being is observed. Additionally, there may be signs resembling influenza and SARS.

Namely, stuffy nose, cough, pain in the throat, inflammation of the cavity of the soft palate.

After 7 days, conjunctivitis develops, and there may also be an infiltrate on the eyelids. What will be the specifics of the manifestation of the disease directly depends on which virus has affected the body, and also where exactly the problem develops. For example, a symptom of intoxication can be strong or vice versa weak. It is worth noting that both adults and children complain the same way, but for some, the symptoms are too lubricated, and an accurate diagnosis can only be established through a specialist and a well-conducted diagnosis.

Treatment of adenovirus infection in adults with medication

Specialists from the field of medicine categorically prohibit the treatment of symptoms of adenovirus infection, without prior examination, diagnosis and consultation with a doctor. Basically, it is drug therapy that is used, but there is no such special drug that can instantly eliminate this problem. As a rule, treatment is aimed at removing the symptoms and suppressing the activity of the virus.

Basically, doctors prefer:

• Immunostimulants;
• Antihistamines;
• Vitamin complexes;
• antipyretic;
• Remedies for diarrhea;
• Painkillers;
• Antitussive;
• expectorant;
• Nasal drops.

If there is a suspicion of the development of complications or that chronic diseases have worsened, especially in the respiratory tract, then broad-spectrum antibiotics should be used. To cure non-purulent conjunctivitis? it is worth using eye drops, in particular deoxyribonuclease / sodium sulfate.

If purulent conjunctivitis is diagnosed, then an ointment based on Prednisolone should be chosen.

Basically, a week is enough for a complete recovery, but on condition that the treatment will comply with the recommendations of a specialist. If the viral cells linger too much in the body, then recovery can last up to 3 weeks.

Eye infection in adults: diagnosis

In order to prescribe an effective treatment, you must definitely go to the doctor, who, in turn, gives a referral for tests, which will rule out the presence of another infection. Basically, standard studies are used, but it is not advisable to violate the doctor's recommendations regarding the diagnosis.

Required:

• General analysis of blood and urine;
• Virological examination to examine the mucous membrane in the nose and throat;
• Analysis of PCR and adenovirus DNA;
• electron microscopy.

The doctor must make an overall clinical picture in order to understand what the patient's condition is and prescribe the exact treatment. Be sure to need information about temperature fluctuations, about whether or not there are specific symptoms, general condition.

At the first symptoms, it is advisable to record data on their brightness of manifestation, on what deterioration and improvement occur, and you also need to draw up a temperature graph.

Adenovirus infection is very difficult to differentiate, but without a doctor it is impossible to diagnose. There are a number of preventive measures that will help prevent the formation of adenovirus infection. As a rule, this is a whole complex through which immunity protection is increased. Be sure to observe personal hygiene. It is necessary to exclude contact with those who are already infected, even if it is not adenovirus, but simply SARS. In the period of autumn-winter, it is worth drinking vitamins, eating right and not forgetting about clothes for the season. If there are chronic diseases, then you need to consult on how to prevent their exacerbation.

What is adenovirus infection in adults (video)

It is advisable to lead a proper diet and lifestyle, and also do not forget about sports and hardening. It is necessary to constantly ventilate the room to exclude the accumulation of viruses and bacteria. It is necessary to avoid hypothermia, which will reduce immunity. Only in this way can you maintain health for a long time to eliminate problems.