Acute non-obstructive pyelonephritis on the right. What is dangerous obstructive pyelonephritis? Local risk factors

Pyelonephritis is called the spread of inflammatory processes in the kidney tissue.

During pyelonephritis, this process is disrupted, which leads to the retention of excess fluid and toxic products in the body.

The disease itself is caused by infectious agents of the species Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, E. coli, Proteus or Enterococcus. Pyelonephritis can occur both in acute and chronic form, which can be dormant for a long time and be activated under the influence of various external factors, whether it be pregnancy or a sudden change in climate.

Features of the course of the disease in humans depend on the following factors:

• age;
• a history of other pathologies of the genitourinary system;
• chronic diseases of other organs and systems;
• genetic predisposition.

The child's body is a vulnerable target for various kinds of bacterial infections. Most often, children suffer from pyelonephritis between the ages of six and sixteen. Pathology is usually preceded by a viral disease, a sudden change in climate or hypothermia. Children suffer from an acute form of non-structural pyelonephritis, since they are not characterized by the formation of kidney stones.

The main clinical symptoms accompanying pyelonephritis in children:

• loss of appetite and refusal to eat;
• a sharply negative attitude towards trying to touch the lower back;
• frequent urination;
• complaints of dry mouth;
• increase in body temperature;
• restlessness, behavior change;
• tearfulness and irritability.

Inflammation of the kidneys can have the most negative consequences for babies. Due to an insufficiently well-formed system of metabolic processes in the body, the excretion of pathogenic substances and microbes in the urine is disrupted. Intoxication in a child occurs much faster than in an adult: the development of acute symptoms occurs within a few hours from the moment the pathogen begins to multiply in the kidney tissue.

The reasons

Most diseases of the excretory system are primarily associated with difficulties in the usual excretion of urine from the body, as well as pyelonephritis.

1. Inflammatory processes in the genitourinary system can narrow the patency of urine, due to which scarring occurs, and signs of pyelonephritis also appear.
2. The presence of urolithiasis leads to various pain syndromes and obstructions.
3. Congenital pathologies that relate to the excretory system, intrauterine pathologies.
4. Weakened immunity due to chronic diseases, as well as after a serious illness, lack of vitamins.
5. infectious diseases.
6. The psycho-emotional state of a person is also important, constant stress, overwork lead to exhaustion of the body.

To identify the main root causes of the disease is one of the first tasks of the doctor, only after that you can choose the optimal treatment.

Normally, the cavity of the pelvis is sterile - there are no microorganisms in it. The absence of microbes in the kidneys favors the reproduction of any bacteria here, since there is no antagonism inherent in microorganisms (as in the intestines, for example). Even opportunistic microflora entering the pelvis can lead to bacterial inflammation of the mucosa. All the more dangerous is the introduction of pathogenic microorganisms into the renal cavity.

There are three possible routes for microorganisms to enter the pelvis:

• retrograde from the underlying organs of the genitourinary system with reflux (reverse movement) of urine;
• through the lymphatic vessels from the large intestine (with inflammation of the intestinal wall and other diseases);
• through the blood with massive septic foci localized in other organs (joints, upper respiratory tract).

However, bacteria that are not always introduced into the pelvis, even certainly pathogenic, cause inflammation of the mucosa. With normal urine outflow dynamics and active local immunity, a small number of bacteria have little chance of staying here and starting to multiply. The likelihood of inflammation increases many times with stagnation of urine, when the removal of fluid is impaired due to insufficient patency of the urinary ducts. What, in turn, can worsen the dynamics of urination? Usually the reasons for this phenomenon are such factors:

• congenital anatomical anomalies of the urinary system;
• organic disorders of the ureters (narrowing) due to inflammation of the bladder or prostate;
• obstruction of the entrance to the urinary duct by a calculus in urolithiasis.

Congenital malformations of the anatomical formations responsible for urinary diversion lead to the occurrence of obstructive pyelonephritis already in childhood, often early (preschool period). Such conditions begin acutely and suggest surgical interventions to restore the normal lumen of the ureters.

Two other factors (obstruction by a kidney stone or constriction (narrowing) of the duct due to its inflammation) are predominantly inherent in adult patients. Also, in adult patients, a violation of the outflow of urine can occur when the kidney is lowered, the ducts are squeezed by tumors.

Like non-obstructive pyelonephritis, the disease is characterized by urinary problems, with obstructions occurring when:

• congenital pathologies of the urinary tract - narrowness of the lumen of the ureter, deformation of the muscular layer of the walls;
• stones in the pyelocaliceal system, which block the lumen of the ureters and disrupt the outflow of urine;
• inflammatory processes that provoked non-obstructive chronic pyelonephritis, resulting in the formation of adhesions, narrowing of the lumen;

These reasons provoke problems with urination, as a result of which urine ceases to be excreted normally and stagnates in the kidneys.

Provoking factors for pyelonephritis are diabetes mellitus, hypothermia, long-term use of antibacterial drugs, chronic infections present in the body.

Pathogens are constantly present around a person and even in the body. In order for them to begin to multiply, and inflammation occurs, the body must weaken and lose immunity.

Pathogens enter the kidney in the following ways:

The development of the disease is facilitated by violations of the outflow of urine from the kidney, reflux - the return of urine from the bladder. With a poor outflow, the pathogenic flora multiplies rapidly in urine.

One of the provocateurs of pyelonephritis is urolithiasis, in which the parenchyma is damaged by stones and the urine output is disturbed.

The source of development of pyelonephritis is most often an infection caused by microorganisms. Reducing the lumen of the ureter leads to serious consequences. The main causes and principles of treatment of obstructive pyelonephritis are well known. Both men and women suffer from this disorder of the urinary system. There are a large number of reasons that provoke the development of pathology with urinary tract obstruction.

These include:

• System anomalies;
• Chronic urolithic pathology;
• Exacerbation of diseases during pregnancy;
• Adenoma or prostate cancer in men;
• Diabetes mellitus of the first or second type;
• Gout;
• Severe hypothermia of the kidneys;
• Prolonged use of antibiotics;
• Protracted infectious diseases of other organ systems.

The inflammatory process in the kidneys is caused by bacteria, due to which various forms of pathology develop. The disease can develop in the case when there are already lesions of the renal tissues, this condition is called secondary pyelonephritis.

In medical practice, the following types of inflammatory process are distinguished, which depends on the degree of changes:

1. Obstructive pyelonephritis is diagnosed when the outflow of urine is obstructed from the kidney channels.
2. Non-obstructive pyelonephritis - nothing interferes with the outflow of urine, the process of patency is not disturbed.

1. The acute form has certain symptoms, obstruction of the renal canals begins.
2. The chronic form is a long period during which relapses are possible, as well as the development of various kinds of pathologies.

The disease has various forms, as well as pathogens, which are sometimes difficult to diagnose. If there are alarming signs, you should consult a doctor who will refer you for a special diagnostic examination.

Obstructive ordinary pyelonephritis is much more common and can have various types and forms.

Doctors distinguish cases of obstructive pyelonephritis into two large groups:

1. acute obstructive pyelonephritis - occurs during primary obstruction of the urinary tract, the symptoms of the process are acute, proceed rapidly, treatment requires urgent care;
2. chronic type of pathology - occurs after untreated acute pyelonephritis, the disease proceeds with characteristic periods of exacerbation and remission.

In addition to this division, classification according to the localization of the lesion in the kidneys, left-sided or right-sided pyelonephritis.

Pyelonephritis is classified after analysis according to the type of pathogen that caused it. This is necessary to determine an effective antibiotic.

Primary pyelonephritis develops when a healthy organ is infected. Secondary - caused by pathology of the urinary organs, such as urolithiasis, ureteral stricture, or others. With an obstructive form, there are problems with the outflow of urine.

Inflammation can be serous (70% of cases) with thickening of the parenchyma or purulent with separate foci.

acute form

The acute form leads to a sharp rise in temperature with pain in the lumbar region, changes in the analyzes. There are signs of intoxication - nausea, headache, fever.

chronic course

The chronic form of the disease occurs with untreated acute pyelonephritis. Pathogenic pathogens can be in a latent state, activating at an opportunity.

The most dangerous is bilateral pyelonephritis with damage to both kidneys. Delayed treatment leads to kidney failure.

Inflammatory diseases of the kidneys are divided into several types. There are varieties of non-obstructive pyelonephritis. It is acute and chronic, and can also be associated with a reflex. Non-obstructive chronic pyelonephritis associated with reflux affects the structures surrounding the organ.

There are two main forms of obstructive pyelonephritis: acute and chronic.

In the development of acute or chronic obstructive pyelonephritis, the degree of obstruction plays an important role:

• Relative obstruction. The outflow of urine is partially disturbed;
• Absolute obstruction. The outflow is completely stopped;
• Growing obstruction. Gradual, progressive development of an obstruction.

Common types of obstruction are related to the causes of occurrence. These include:

• stones;
• tumors;
• structural anomalies;
• BPH;
• Foreign bodies.

Acute and chronic pyelonephritis in children

In childhood, renal pathology is associated with congenital anatomical abnormalities: incorrect location of the bladder, ureter, kidneys. Subsequently, the child has problems with the outflow of urine, when it is in the kidney, bacteria are activated there.

Some babies have underdeveloped kidneys. What does it mean? The child grows, but the organ does not, and its function is disturbed. Rarely, pyelonephritis in children is provoked by an altered intestinal flora - dysbacteriosis. Sometimes inflammation in the kidneys is a consequence of influenza, tonsillitis, cystitis.

As medical practice shows, doctors immediately notice problems in a child. Parents should pay attention to the following symptoms:

• The temperature rises sharply to 40 degrees. At the same time, the child does not cough, his throat is not inflamed.
• The baby is weak, refuses to eat.
• The child drinks but does not go to the toilet, or you begin to notice an increased urge to urinate.
• The baby often wakes up at night.
• Urine smells bad.
• During urination, the child begins to scream, grunt, whimper.
• The urine became suspiciously dark.
• Problems with the stool, frequent regurgitation.

Parents, watch your children carefully!

Acute and chronic pyelonephritis in men

There are many factors that lead to the development of this renal pathology in the female. The most common is cystitis. A woman may be predisposed to various pathologies of the genital organs, the genitourinary system. In some, pyelonephritis is provoked by anatomical features: the urethra is short, subsequently pathogenic microorganisms penetrate the organ and an infection develops.

The causative agents of various forms of pyelonephritis in the female include pathogenic microorganisms. Most often, the disease is provoked by Escherichia coli, as well as:

A woman, like no other, is subject to various factors leading to pyelonephritis. Please note that most often the beautiful half is sick:

• After hypothermia.
• With venereal diseases.
• After suffering from nervous stress.
• With a weakened immune system, if uncontrolled takes antibacterial drugs.
• In violation of the urinary outflow.
• After severe fatigue.
• With diabetes.
• With problems with blood circulation in the kidneys, as well as in case of impaired lymphatic outflow in the genitourinary system.

It is worth noting that pyelonephritis in the female may accompany other pathologies. Before prescribing a course of therapy to a woman, the urologist must find out the cause of the disease.

What are the symptoms for a woman?

Symptoms of the disease may be different. It all depends on how severe the pathology is and in what form. As a rule, a woman complains about:

• Unbearable back pain.
• Cramping pains in the abdomen.
• High temperature.
• Weakness, unable to work normally.
• Headache.
• Irritability, apathy.
• Swelling of limbs, face.

When the disease subsides a little, the woman feels better, only high blood pressure and weakness remain. And sometimes a woman suffers from general intoxication of the body - high temperature (39 - 40 degrees), frequent urination, burning and pain in the urethra.

How dangerous is pyelonephritis for women?

If you start the disease, everything will end with a kidney abscess. In this case, a purulent inflammatory process is observed, while the symptoms are aggravated, possibly a feverish condition, sharp sensations in the lower back and abdomen. With an abscess, the level of leukocytes jumps sharply. No less dangerous for a woman is apostematous nephritis and renal carbuncle. The disease is extremely difficult, requires urgent surgery, otherwise everything will end in the death of the patient.

Pathology develops in the case of impaired outflow of urine. This condition is caused by:

• Severe form of prostatitis.
• Sand and kidney stones.
• prostate adenoma.

The listed pathologies are the primary causes of pyelonephritis. But there are other factors that lead to the disease. For example, most often these are various disorders in the body that cause stagnation of urine, and bacteria begin to actively multiply in it, which gradually end up in the kidney tissue. Most often, men over 50 suffer from pyelonephritis. Their disease is associated with metabolic failure, diabetes.

What are the symptoms for men?

• Burning, cutting in urethra.
• Increased urination.
• Urinary incontinence.
• Aching, paroxysmal pain in the back.
• Decreased performance, weakness.
• High blood pressure.
• Intoxication with symptoms such as muscle aches, fever, nausea and vomiting.

It is worth noting that the symptoms in men depend on the type of bacteria that affects the kidneys. Before treating the disease, doctors must determine the causative agent of pyelonephritis.

Please note that the chronic form of pyelonephritis is not noticeable at first, while the function of the urinary system is inhibited in a man. When the disease subsides, there are no symptoms at all, only pressure sometimes jumps.

Is it possible to prevent pyelonephritis in men?

First of all, it is necessary to promptly treat diseases of the genitourinary system - prostate adenoma, prostatitis, urolithiasis. Older men should not forget to go to the urologist, it is important to dress warmly, in winter, take care of your shoes so that your feet do not freeze. Quite often, men repair their car by lying on the cold ground.

Pyelonephritis during pregnancy

Many pregnant women cannot understand why their kidneys did not bother them before, and serious problems appeared during this crucial period. Gynecologists explain everything:

• Hormonal disruptions in a pregnant woman. Please note that by the 10th week, hormones begin to affect the function of the ureter, its tone decreases markedly. This condition is dangerous because during pregnancy the infection progresses, stagnation occurs in the kidneys.
• Expansion of the veins and uterus of the ovaries leads to stretching of the kidney, squeezing the urinary tract.
• The placenta actively produces estrogen, they create a favorable flora for the development of E. coli.

What are the symptoms of a future mother?

A pregnant woman should immediately go to the doctor if she has:

• Shows a temperature above 37 degrees on the thermometer.
• Severe headache with chills.
• Cloudy urine.
• There is pain during urination and in the lumbar region.
• Nausea appears first, followed by vomiting.

We note that both forms are dangerous for a pregnant woman. In the case of acute pyelonephritis, a woman suffers from severe intoxication, this negatively affects the baby. The future mother's temperature jumps, severe pain worries, leading to uterine tone. If measures are not taken in a timely manner, the woman and child may die.

Chronic pyelonephritis is no less dangerous for the expectant mother. Inflammation sluggishly proceeds, can periodically worsen. Even with a slight pain, a woman quickly gets tired, feels bad. Remember! Any inflammation negatively affects the intrauterine development of the child, so you need to be extremely careful.

Signs of pyelonephritis

It should be noted that this disease is typical for people of different ages. Most often it is diagnosed:

• In small children with anatomical abnormalities.
• In girls, women under 30 who are just starting to have sex or who have had childbirth.
• In older men who have prostate adenoma.

What are the symptoms of pyelonephritis? First of all, from age, gender, as well as the form of the disease.

The main symptoms include:

• Unbearable pain in the lumbar region. As a rule, it is aching, localized on one side, because one kidney is most often affected. Sometimes pain can occur on the opposite side, despite inflammation of the other kidney.
• Heaviness in the lower back, the appearance of a feeling of discomfort. Unpleasant sensations intensify during sports, physical exertion, as well as during brisk walking.
• Feeling of coldness in the lumbar region. The patient is cold even in the heat.
• Pain throughout the abdomen - this symptom is most characteristic of children.
• Urination becomes more frequent, the patient has to visit the toilet often.
• The temperature rises sharply in the evening to 39 degrees, although there are no other symptoms.
• The blood pressure rises.
• In the morning, a person suffers from weakness, reduced efficiency, weakness.
• Worried about severe headache.
• A person suffers from increased irritability, apathy.
• A little swelling of the face, limbs.

When the disease subsides, the general symptoms disappear, but the person suffers from high blood pressure and weakness. The symptoms of acute pyelonephritis are almost the same, only more pronounced and may be accompanied by general intoxication of the body, back pain, discomfort and burning in the urethra. In the case of acute bilateral pyelonephritis, there are signs of renal failure. How can it all end?

• Paranephritis (abscesses in the kidneys).
• Kidney abscess.
• Kidney carbuncles.
• Necrosis of the papillae of the kidneys.

In all of these situations, you can not do without surgical intervention.

Symptoms

All forms of the disease in the primary stages have similar symptoms, but over time, the symptoms become aggravated and become pronounced. Acute obstructive pyelonephritis is almost always manifested by renal colic. This condition is expressed by acute pain. This situation is associated with obstruction of the renal canals.

In addition to the acute form, the following symptoms are also distinguished:

• lower back pain;
• increased body temperature;
• severe sweating, fever;
• cardiopalmus;
• vomiting, feeling unwell;
• severe headaches.

Such signs are more characteristic of the acute stages of the disease; during the development of the pathology, pain in the muscles and lower back is possible. But it is worth considering the increase in symptoms, so a relapse can happen at any time.

Symptoms of the disease, only in the acute form, are pronounced, otherwise general malaise, weakness, aching pain in the muscles are possible.

Inflammatory pathology, one of the causes of which is a violation of the outflow of urine, first occurs acutely, but under adverse conditions and the dynamics of urine diversion is not restored, it often becomes chronic with the occurrence of frequent relapses. Just like non-obstructive chronic pyelonephritis, the obstructive form of the disease during exacerbation manifests itself with the same symptoms as acute inflammation of the mucous membrane of the pyelocaliceal anatomical complex.

During the period of remission, chronic pyelonephritis practically does not manifest itself in any way, although sluggish inflammation of the mucosa can occur during this period. An exacerbation of the disease, which can be triggered by a weakening of local immunity (hypothermia, stress), a sharp deterioration in urodynamics, or the repeated introduction of infectious agents into the cavity of the pelvis, is manifested by the following symptoms:

• severe, unbearable pain in the lower back from the inflamed kidney, often radiating to the lower abdomen, anterior femoral region, external organs of the genital area;
• rise in body temperature to 39-40 degrees;
• intoxication caused by the reabsorption of nitrogenous substances from insufficiently diverted urine on the one hand and released toxins due to the vital activity of bacteria on the other;
• significant problems with urination - the physiological process is accompanied by a burning sensation and pain.

The obstructive form of renal inflammation begins with pain, the intensity of which is constantly increasing and reaches a peak about a day after its onset. Intoxication and temperature appear on the second day and reach a maximum by 3-4 days of illness. This nature of the course of acute obstructive inflammation is explained by the overflow of the renal cavities with undiverted urine, as a result of which the excretory organ expands.

The stretching shell of the kidney irritates the pain receptors located here, which leads to severe pain, the intensity of which directly depends on the degree of stretching of the organ. Pain in obstruction of the urinary ducts is difficult to stop with antispasmodics and analgesics, even when administered parenterally, which also suggests that the cause of pain is stretching of the kidney by accumulated urine.

With renal colic in patients, the temperature rises to 39-40 ° C. The attack torments patients, they have headaches, dry mouth, weakness, vomiting and nausea.

Chills, fever and other signs of deterioration in health are felt. Blood pressure drops, cold sweat appears.

This indicates the development of a formidable complication - bacteriostatic shock, which leads to acute renal failure, and in the absence of immediate qualified assistance, this condition causes a fatal outcome.

The strength of sensations increases over time, the work of the heart worsens, patients suffer from squeezing or tingling sensations behind the sternum.

The beginning pain in a short time becomes unbearable, and the condition is noticeably aggravated. Therefore, at the first signs of renal colic, immediately consult a doctor.

Urologists distinguish different signs of an acute form of pyelonephritis.

Common symptoms include:

• Fever.
• Chills.
• Increased sweating.
• Thirst and dehydration.
• Intoxication of the body - increased fatigue, headache, general malaise.
• Dyspeptic symptoms - the appearance of diarrhea, appetite decreases, the stomach hurts, there may be vomiting.

Local symptoms include:

• Lower back pain, which is localized to the side of the affected kidney. It is dull, constant, and may intensify during movement as well as touch.
• Pasternatsky's symptom is positive - severe pain with slight tapping of the lower back.
• Tension of the muscles of the abdominal region.

Please note that when the infection affects the kidney, severe inflammation develops. Subsequently, an embolus, a thrombus becomes infected, a heart attack develops, accompanied by severe suppuration.

Often before acute pyelonephritis, acute cystitis develops, accompanied by painful and frequent urination. Depending on the symptoms, obstructive and non-obstructive acute pyelonephritis are distinguished.

Features of non-obstructive pyelonephritis

First, dysuria occurs, after 2 days the temperature rises, the pain in the affected kidney worries, the patient is shivering. After that, a person sweats a lot, his body temperature drops sharply, and a feeling of discomfort appears during urination.

Features of obstructive pyelonephritis

Most often, this type of disease appears in the case of large stones in the ureter, as well as with severe inflammation in the lymph nodes, cancer of the genital organs. First, there is a growing pain in the lower back, then the temperature rises, chills bother. Obstructive pyelonephritis is dangerous because it can develop:

• Purulent process.
• Urosepsis.
• Pyonephrosis.
• Toxic hepatitis.
• Bacteriotoxic shock.
• Paranephritis.

To prevent serious complications, it is necessary to consult a urologist in a timely manner.

The main clinical signs include:

• Aching pain in the lower back. Most often, discomfort is localized on the opposite side.
• There is a feeling of heaviness in the lower back. The patient becomes worse if he stands for a long time, walks a lot.
• The patient dresses warmly because he is very cold.
• Disturbed by strong, cramping lumbar pain. In children, the kidney is located low, so they still have abdominal pain.
• The temperature rises to 38 degrees. Most often in the evening.
• Urination becomes more frequent at night.
• The blood pressure rises.
• In the morning, weakness is felt, the state of health deteriorates sharply, the patient suffers from a headache, a bad mood.
• Swelling of the face, hands, legs, feet.

Separately, it is worth paying attention to non-laboratory symptoms:

• Decreased hemoglobin.
• Increased leukocytes in the analysis of urine.
• Bacteriuria.
• An increase in red blood cells, especially if the cause of the disease is nephroptosis, urolithiasis.
• A biochemical blood test shows a decrease in albumin. In the case of the development of renal failure, creatinine and urea are increased.

Do you have these symptoms? Do not delay with examination and therapy.

There are several varieties of non-obstructive pyelonephritis, it can be acute and chronic.

There are symptoms of chronic non-obstructive pyelonephritis periodically and are expressed:

• Aching pains in the kidney area;
• An increase in body temperature;
• Change in the properties of urine;
• edema;
• An increase in blood pressure.

It is important that the right diet can help with pyelonephritis. If you follow a certain diet, the disease may not even remind you of yourself.

Acute non-obstructive pyelonephritis is characterized by the presence of the following symptoms:

• An increase in body temperature up to 39 degrees;
• chills;
• sweating;
• dehydration;
• Severe headaches;
• Pain in the lumbar region;
• Frequent urge to urinate;
• Often cutting when urinating.

Severe pain in the kidneys and during urination characterize an acute inflammatory process in the urinary system of the body.

The development of the obstructive process of the disease occurs slowly, accompanied by damage to individual renal structures. Pathology clearly manifests itself if the tissues already have severe damage. It is important to recognize the symptoms in the early stages of diseases and receive treatment.

Chronic obstructive pyelonephritis manifests itself in periods of remission and exacerbation with the following symptom complex:

• Renal colic;
• Pain in the lumbar region, often more pronounced on one side;
• Persistent rise in temperature;
• intoxication;
• puffiness;
• Dark circles under the eyes;
• Bad breath and sweat;
• Sleep disturbance;
• Constant feeling of thirst;
• Decreased appetite;
• nausea;
• heart rhythm failures;
• weakness;
• Losing weight without changing the diet;
• Painful sensations when urinating.

Diagnosis of obstructive pyelonephritis

The urologist deals with general diagnostic examinations, as well as prescriptions and therapy. The first thing to do is to visit a doctor, during the examination he will make a preliminary diagnosis, which can later be confirmed or refuted.

The following research methods are also used:

• general blood analysis;
• general urine analysis;
• biochemical laboratory blood test;
• x-ray, computed tomography.

With the help of complex diagnostics, a diagnosis is made, and the root cause of the disease is also determined. According to the data obtained, optimal therapy is prescribed, which includes various principles of treatment, taking into account all individual characteristics. Accurate diagnostic results are the basis for any diagnosis. Therefore, it is important to follow all the doctor's prescriptions correctly.

Diagnosis of pyelonephritis is a series of laboratory, instrumental techniques that can accurately determine the true condition of the patient.

The definition of the disease begins with the collection of anamnestic data and the evaluation of subjective data from the patient's complaints. Already on the basis of a survey of the patient, preliminary conclusions can be made about the nature of the pathology. Primary conclusions are confirmed during laboratory tests and instrumental studies of the affected organ. In the laboratory conditions are carried out:

• a general blood test, during which signs of the presence of inflammation are determined (increased ESR, leukocytosis);
• biochemical blood test - an increase in the content of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen in the physiological fluid also indicates an active inflammatory process;
• microscopy of urine determines a large number of leukocytes in the field of view, bacteria that caused the inflammatory process can be detected;
• in order to determine the sensitivity of microbes to antibacterial drugs, microorganisms are inoculated with subsequent microbiological examination.

The most informative instrumental methods in terms of diagnostics are ultrasound of the kidneys, fluoroscopy with the use of a contrast agent, computed tomography, during which the causes of urinary outflow disorders (stone in the ureter, tumor compressing the duct, etc.) are determined. Also, these methods make it possible to determine the degree of stagnation of urine and stretching of the organ, the state of the functional renal layer.

To make a diagnosis, the patient turns to a nephrologist or urologist. At the very beginning, doctors interview the patient, are interested in the time of onset of symptoms, the nature and duration of the pain attack.

In the future, the patient is referred to instrumental diagnostic methods that confirm or refute the initial diagnosis.

For this, the following tests are assigned:

• a general and biochemical blood test (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leukocyte count, amount of fibrinogen and C-reactive protein are noted);
• general analysis of urine - the emphasis is on the content of leukocytes, which signals an inflammatory process in the kidneys;
• urinalysis according to Zimnitsky;
• bacterial culture of urine to determine the presence of bacteria and sensitivity to antibacterial drugs;
• ultrasound diagnosis of the kidneys - visually sees the cause of obturation: lumen, stricture;
• x-ray with a contrast agent - informative diagnostic methods;
• retrograde cystourethrography - helps to determine non-obstructive chronic pyelonephritis associated with urinary reflux;
• magnetic resonance and computed tomography - they see extrarenal causes that caused the pathology, tumors that compress the ureter and make it impossible for the normal course of urine from the kidneys.

Diagnosis of acute non-obstructive inflammation of the kidneys is usually not difficult. The symptoms of this disease are known. Abnormal blood and urine test results. Usually, multiple leukocytes appear as a sign of an inflammatory process.

Diagnosis of obstructive urinary tract disease includes:

• Detailed blood test;
• Analysis of the composition of urine;
• Blood chemistry;
• Bacterial culture of urine.

To determine a more accurate location of the focus of obstruction, the intensity of the lesion, the condition of the ureters, the following procedures are performed:

• Ultrasound procedure;
• X-ray (without contrast or contrast urography);
• CT and MRI.

Urinalysis for pyelonephritis

To find out about the state of the body, as well as to evaluate the work of the kidneys, the doctor must prescribe a general urine test, which includes a study according to Nechiporenko and Zimnitsky. The last analysis must be collected all day, and according to Nechiporenko, urine collection is carried out early in the morning.

How to prepare for the analysis?

In order for the study to show a true result, it is important to adhere to such valuable recommendations:

• Before the analysis, do not eat fruits, vegetables that affect the color of urine.
• Don't take diuretics.
• It is forbidden to give urine during menstruation.
• Before you collect the analysis, do not forget to wash your hands.

With the help of a urine test, the doctor quickly diagnoses the disease. The analysis shows the level of leukocytes, the number of bacteria, the pH level. Let's look at the main indicators:

• Erythrocytes (BLd). When the rate rises, this indicates a serious renal pathology.
• Bilirubin (Bil). The appearance of bilirubin is the first signal of damage to the liver cells, a serious inflammatory process with toxic effects develops in the body.
• Urea (Uro) should not be elevated.
• Ketones (KET). The norm is the absence of KET. In the case of the appearance of substances in the urine, diabetes mellitus can be suspected.
• Protein (PRO)should not be in the urine. It appears when the kidney tissue is damaged, the development of an infectious disease.
• Nitrite (NIT). The norm is 0 nitrites, their appearance indicates a bacterial infection.
• Glucose (GLU). The presence of this indicator in the blood indicates diabetes, the development of thyrotoxicosis, pheochromocytoma.
• Acidity (pH) an important indicator to which special attention is paid.
• Density (S.G) ranges from 1.012 to 1.33 g/l. If the indicator is elevated, then you have pyelonephritis. When the rate decreases, kidney failure can be suspected.
• Leukocytes are always a sign of an inflammatory process. The higher they are, the worse. A high rate is a signal of pyelonephritis, kidney stones.

The urologist pays attention to all the above indicators. The color of urine is also taken into account, it may indicate a specific pathogen. It should be noted that often the indicators deviate from the norm due to age and other chronic diseases.

Methods of treatment of obstructive inflammation of the renal cavities

• restoration of primary functions;
• the use of antibacterial agents;
• treatment of the main symptoms;
• surgical intervention according to the doctor's recommendations.

Each treatment is an integrated approach that will quickly remove pain and reduce overall symptoms. The first thing to do during therapy is to correct the normal outflow of urine. By facilitating this process, the patient will immediately begin to feel much better. Drug treatment includes drugs that have a wide spectrum of action.

Surgery is also one of the directions in the treatment of a pathological condition. It is appointed if the situation is too neglected or when none of the methods gives a result. With the help of surgery, you can establish a habitual outflow of urine.

Pyelonephritis is a diagnosis that often worries people. This disease concerns the excretory system, has vivid symptoms, as well as features in the treatment.

Therapeutic measures for pyelonephritis caused by a violation of the normal outflow of urine are carried out only in a hospital - urological or surgical department. Therapeutic tactics involves the following effects:

• conservative or surgical methods for restoring urinary outflow;
• antibacterial therapy;
• relief of the most severe symptoms accompanying the disease.

The main task of doctors is to restore the dynamics of urine diversion. Without the success of this event, the appointment of antibacterial agents does not bring a therapeutic effect. Even a partial restoration of urinary outflow significantly alleviates the condition (pain decreases, temperature and degree of intoxication decrease).

Conservatively restore urine diversion by intravenous administration of strong antispasmodics (Baralgin, Platifillin). If the relaxation of the wall of the ureter does not lead to positive dynamics within 2 days, surgical methods are used. Now operations to restore the patency of the ureters are performed using minimally invasive methods (endoscopy, laparoscopy), which greatly improves the prognosis and shortens the rehabilitation period.

With obstructive pyelonephritis, medical care solves two problems:

1. They remove the bacterial infection, which will help achieve remission in pathology.
2. Restore the normal outflow of urine and eliminate those factors that interfered with the course.

To solve the first problem, the patient takes antibacterial drugs. Doctors prescribe for those patients who have acute non-obstructive pyelonephritis, but for patients with obstruction are also relevant.

During attacks, the patient is hospitalized, and drugs are prescribed intravenously or intramuscularly in order to quickly stop the infection.

Antibacterial drugs for obstructive pyelonephritis are second- and third-generation cephalosporins, the penicillin group, and fluoroquinolones.

The principle when choosing a drug for treating a patient is the sensitivity of the isolated pathogenic microflora to it as a result of urine analysis.

In addition to antibacterial drugs, painkillers, anti-inflammatory drugs, uroseptics, and medications are prescribed to normalize body temperature.

When the cause of the obstruction is eliminated, surgical intervention is more often resorted to. This is due to the fact that congenital or acquired pathologies of the urinary tract cannot be eliminated by conservative methods.

Therefore, the only right decision for the patient is to eliminate the cause promptly. In the presence of stones, lithotripsy is performed, and in case of narrowing of the ureter, plastic walls are performed, the area with adhesions is eliminated.

In the case of a serious condition of the patient, a nephrostomy is applied for emergency excretion of urine from the body, bladder catheterization is performed. This will help eliminate swelling, relieve intrarenal pressure.

Prevention of obstructive pyelonephritis consists in the timely cure of urological pathologies, the elimination of foci of infection in the body. When the first signs of pathology are detected, a doctor's consultation is mandatory.

With complications of the disease, renal failure can develop - the inability of the kidneys to cleanse the blood of toxins and metabolic products.

Loss of organ functions occurs in 5% of patients with poor-quality and untimely treatment.

Bacteriotoxic shock occurs when decay products pass from the kidneys into the blood. In the absence of a normal urine output, these substances remain in the body, poisoning it. This threatens the death of the patient.

If purulent contents enter the blood, sepsis can develop - a general infectious lesion of the body transmitted through the blood.

According to some reports, John Paul II, the Pope, died of sepsis caused by a kidney infection.

Taking medications

At the first symptoms, you should contact a urologist or nephrologist. If the examination confirms renal pathology, it is urgent to get rid of the main causative agent of the disease. You will have to drink uroseptics, antibiotics. What is the requirement for medicines? They should be minimally nephrotoxic, while effectively destroying pathogenic flora: staphylococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella.

Body detoxification

To reduce high blood pressure, get rid of increased swelling, you need to drink only clean water. It is allowed to use fruit drinks, juices. Do you have a high temperature? Are there any symptoms of intoxication? Use Citroglucosolan, Regidron.

Phytotherapy

We draw your attention to the fact that really folk methods are effective, but in case of exacerbation of the pathology, you cannot experiment. It is best to use phytotherapeutic agents as an additional treatment to antibiotics.

As a rule, herbal preparations are drunk for a long time, and also for prevention purposes after the main treatment. It is best to do this in autumn and spring, when the disease worsens.

Forbidden! You can not take herbal preparations for hay fever.

We draw your attention to such useful fees:

• Recipe 1. Licorice (tablespoon) bearberry (3 tablespoons) the same number of cornflower flowers. All herbs must be poured with boiling water (200 ml). Be patient for half an hour, the medicine should be well infused.
• Recipe 2. Prepare a tablespoon of birch leaves, corn silk, field horsetail, wild rose. Then pour the mixture into boiling water (600 ml). Drink the medicine 500 ml at a time in the morning, in the evening.

Sanatorium-resort treatment

Of no small importance for patients is a visit to a sanatorium, where they give useful mineral water. Resorts in Obukhovo, Truskavets, Karlovy Vary, etc. have proven themselves well. Which balneological resort to choose? It all depends on where you live as well as your finances.

It is necessary to treat chronic pyelonephritis comprehensively. The choice of treatment will depend on the stage, form and severity of the pathology. The data of the degree of violation of the outflow of urine and the condition of the second kidney will be decisive.

The asymptomatic process of development of obstructive pyelonephritis often leads to untimely seeking qualified medical help.

In the acute stage of the disease, the patient must be hospitalized. Often, acute non-obstructive and acute complicated obstructive pyelonephritis is treated with antibiotics and drugs that restore urine flow.

Sometimes a drain tube is installed. In case of severe impairment of functioning, one cannot do without an apparatus that will maintain the normal composition of the blood. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics, antispasmodics help to stop the symptoms. After antibiotic therapy, probiotics are prescribed, to maintain immunity and restore the body after an illness - vitamin-mineral complexes.

Carry out appropriate treatment of obstructive pyelonephritis and rehabilitation therapy only under the supervision of a specialist. Treatment is prescribed by a doctor. As a radical method of treatment, surgery is used to establish the patency of the ureters.

During the recovery period and for the prevention of the disease, physiotherapy and immunostimulation are used to increase the body's defenses.

The inflammatory process in the kidneys can be eliminated with timely examination and treatment, as well as adherence to an appropriate diet and a healthy lifestyle.

Antibiotics for pyelonephritis

Checked for sensitivity? The doctor will select antibiotics for treatment:

• Penicillin(Azlocillin, Amoxicillin, Carbenicillin). This group has minimal nephrotoxicity, while helping to destroy different types of bacteria.
• Cephalosporins(Cedex, Suprax) of the second and third generation is used as an injection, so they are most often prescribed in stationary conditions.
• Fluoroquinolones(Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin) are used in urology. Despite the fact that antibiotics are not toxic, they are forbidden to use for children, during lactation and pregnancy. They have such a side effect as photosensitivity. After taking the drugs, you can not sunbathe in the sun.
• Sulfanilamide antibiotics(Biseptol) are used to treat infections of a different nature. But there is a problem: most of the bacteria are insensitive to this type of drug.
• Nitrofurans(Furamag, Furadonin) is an effective remedy for the treatment of pyelonephritis, but they have many side effects: bitterness in the mouth worries, it starts to feel sick, after vomiting appears.
• Oxyquinolines(5-NOC). As a rule, the patient tolerates the drug well, but it is not always effective.

How much antibiotics should be taken?

Be sure to complete a two-week course of therapy. If complaints persist for a long time, urine changes, then you need to take antibiotics for another month. Do not self-medicate. Antibiotics can only be prescribed by the attending physician.

If you do not treat pyelonephritis - the consequences

Inflammation in the kidney develops very quickly. With an untimely start of treatment, the hope of being cured by folk methods and ignoring antibiotics, the following complications may develop:

• the transition of infection to the second kidney;
• necrosis of the renal papillae - the spread of inflammation to other parts of the organ;
• transition to emphysematous form;
• the release of inflammation outside the kidney - paranephritis;
• kidney carbuncle - small purulent foci connected by a common membrane;
• bacteriotoxic shock - poisoning of the body as a result of a large number of toxins in the blood and not excreted by the kidneys.

The functional part of the organ loses its abilities, a scar remains at the site of the focus of infection. Working cells are replaced by connective tissue.

This leads to disruption of the functioning of the body. If both kidneys are affected, the body loses its ability to filter and remove decay products, and kidney failure develops.

For women

In women, pyelonephritis often develops as a result of inflammation in the genital organs. This happens with an active sexual life and lack of proper hygiene.

The disease is provoked by thrush, chlamydia, inflammation of the vulva. These pathologies even have common symptoms - localization of pain and problems with urination.

Therefore, you cannot treat these diseases on your own, guided by the advice of friends and the Internet. A timely visit to the doctor will help to diagnose pyelonephritis in time.

During pregnancy, the initial manifestations of pyelonephritis can be mistaken for toxicosis. In women, signs of intoxication are observed:

• nausea and vomiting;
• dizziness, weakness;
• pain in the lumbar region;
• loss of appetite.

In the early stages, pyelonephritis threatens miscarriage. Pregnant women need to control the temperature in the presence of such symptoms. Its increase may indicate the beginning of the inflammatory process in the kidneys.

With the rapid progression of the disease and the purulent nature of inflammation, especially with damage to both kidneys, intrauterine infection, fetal hypoxia and stillbirth are possible.

A threat to men

Of particular danger in men is the untimely treatment of prostatitis. An enlarged prostate gland deforms the ureter, disrupting the normal outflow of urine.

Its stagnation develops, which leads to an increased risk of infection.

Men's tendency to eat meat, smoke and drink increases the risk of developing urolithiasis and inflammation.

Risks for children

When examining children with pyelonephritis, inflammatory processes in other organs are almost always found, which are of a protracted nature. These are sinusitis, tonsillitis, caries.

In children, the purulent form of the disease and the transition of inflammation to a chronic nature are especially dangerous.

Parents, for fear of dysbacteriosis and allergic reactions, sometimes do not complete a full course of antibiotics and maintenance therapy.

This threatens with incomplete suppression of the infectious focus, the transition of the disease into a relapsing form.

After suffering pyelonephritis, children of 3 years old are registered with a pediatrician or nephrologist with control of tests. Sports are banned for a year.

Pyelonephritis affects several leading functions of the body at once: even with a mild course, the disease has some negative consequences that will need to be treated.

Timely access to a nephrologist and hospitalization for a course of therapy will help minimize the risk of comorbidities.

Acute pyelonephritis has a sudden onset: it may be preceded by recent hypothermia or an infectious disease. Unfortunately, the acute process does not pass without a trace for the body: it can cause multiple changes in the kidney tissue and neighboring organs, which may manifest themselves in the distant future.

The main consequences of acute pathology:

1. Abscess formation. Due to the transition of purulent-inflammatory changes to the kidney capsule and surrounding tissues, a cavity delimited by the capsule can form in the retroperitoneal space, inside which pus is located. Kidney abscesses are removed in the department of purulent surgery.
2. Formation of phlegmon of the retroperitoneal space. With the breakthrough of the abscess and the further spread of pus, the development of fusion of the surrounding tissues is possible. Phlegmon is a diffuse accumulation of pus in the tissues, which can affect several areas of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space at once.
3. Acute renal failure. When massive death of kidney cells occurs, the body becomes unable to excrete decay products in the urine. If first aid is not provided in time for this pathology, the patient will be on lifelong hemodialysis.
4. Uremic coma is the end stage of renal failure. Due to the accumulation of toxins in the body, paralysis of the central and peripheral nervous systems occurs, as well as depression of consciousness and reflex activity.

Chronic pyelonephritis occurs against the background of inadequate therapy of an acute inflammatory process. It is characterized by an undulating course in which exacerbation processes are replaced by remissions. The more often an exacerbation of the disease occurs, the more severe it is. Chronic pyelonephritis can last for many years, gradually destroying kidney tissue.

Consequences of a long course of the disease:

1. Sclerosis of the renal vessels and nerves. The connective tissue, gradually growing, causes compression of the neurovascular bundles, which enhances ischemic processes in the affected organ and can cause its premature wrinkling.
2. Inflammatory process in the renal pedicle. Gradually, microorganisms move from the region of the renal tissue to the region of the renal pedicle, which includes the ureter, blood and lymphatic vessels, and nerves.
3. Necrotic changes in the renal capsule. With a long-term process of inflammation, a capsule is involved in it: it covers the surface of the kidney from all sides and, with an increase in the size of the organ, it can get tears, which then begin to necrotic.

The most important thing in the treatment of pyelonephritis is to prevent the transition of an acute disease into a chronic one. It is necessary to contact a specialist in a timely manner and avoid heavy physical exertion, work in hazardous industries, hypothermia and stress. While maintaining your immunity is normal, you can not be afraid of the occurrence of complications.

Pyelonephritis is dangerous not only for its primary manifestations, but also for possible complications that may accompany the inflammatory process. In severe cases, the risk of their occurrence increases three times. The main complications caused by pyelonephritis traditionally include urolithiasis, cyst formation, chronic renal failure and shriveled kidney.

There are many factors that affect the possibility of secondary pathological processes in the altered kidney:

• secondary and primary immunodeficiency;
• reduced resistance to environmental factors;
• genetic predisposition to the formation of pathologies of the urogenital tract;
• anomalies in the development of the genitourinary system;
• recent infectious diseases;
• the presence of oncology;
• recent chemotherapy.

Urolithiasis disease

Stone formation is a pathological process that can occur both directly in the pyelocaliceal system of the kidney, and in the underlying structures. Pyelonephritis and urolithiasis are directly related. Due to inflammatory and destructive changes in the kidney parenchyma, favorable conditions develop for the formation of stones.

• frequent hypothermia;
• eating too salty, fried and fatty foods;
• taking certain antibiotics;
• hereditary predisposition to diseases of the urogenital tract.

The size of the stones can reach from a few millimeters to ten or more centimeters in diameter. The clinical picture is characterized by the appearance of renal colic - this is an acute, unbearable pain in the lower back, which forces the patient to take a forced position. It is not possible to stop the attack on your own. Colic is caused by spasm of smooth muscles, which occurs in response to the action of an irritating factor - a stone.

Treatment is carried out in several ways at once: stones can be removed using ultrasonic crushing, removed through the bladder, or eliminated by laparoscopic surgery. Conservative therapy provides for various physiotherapy, taking medications that prevent further stone formation, as well as adherence to diet and exercise.

The formation of a wrinkled kidney is one of the most unfavorable outcomes of the terminal stage of pyelonephritis. The pathological inflammatory process ends with a scarring stage, in which functioning renal nephrons are replaced by connective tissue. It cannot perform the basic functions of the glomeruli - filtration and reabsorption. The kidney itself is significantly reduced in size, which can be detected during physical or instrumental examination.

Treatment and prevention

Preventive measures that prevent violation of the outflow of urine are the timely recognition and elimination of the causes leading to blockage of the ureters, therefore, the prevention of obstructive inflammation can be considered adequate treatment of such diseases:

• urolithiasis disease;
• prostatitis and prostate adenoma;
• tumors of the genitourinary organs and neighboring anatomical formations.

It is more difficult to detect congenital malformations of the urinary ducts, especially if they only partially disrupt urodynamics. As a rule, such pathological changes in the normal anatomy of the ureters are detected after the fact of the disease with obstructive pyelonephritis, which in the vast majority of cases occurs in childhood.

Prognosis for recovery

Timely initiation of treatment guarantees recovery. Usually improvement after the start of antibiotics is observed after 2-3 days.

In the future, dispensary observation and preventive maintenance courses of antibiotics for 6 months are shown. Over the course of 2 years, control tests and visits to the doctor are needed. Only then can we assume that a full recovery has come.

Diet for pyelonephritis

Diet plays an important role in the treatment of kidney disease. The diet should contain foods that are well absorbed. Also in the menu you need to include vitamins, trace elements. How many calories are allowed for pyelonephritis? The daily menu should consist of 3200 kcal per day.

Prohibited Products

• Hot herbs, spices.
• Canned food.
• Rich meat broth.
• Coffee.
• Alcohol.

• Melons - melons, watermelons, zucchini, pumpkin.
• Vegetables.
• Juices.
• Fruit.
• Compotes.
• Products containing protein - kefir, yogurt, milk, egg white.
• Lean meat - veal, beef, chicken.
• Lean fish.

• First of all, it is necessary to use only a vegetarian dish.
• With an exacerbation of the disease, you must not forget to drink (2 liters). So the infection will not linger in the kidneys, and you will also prevent the formation of stones. Do you have swelling? The amount of water must be reduced.
• Steam food only.
• It is allowed to add a little salt to food. Are you suffering from high blood pressure? Reduce the amount of salt to 3 grams.
• If pyelonephritis has worsened, you will have to forget about fatty meat and other animal fats. You can add butter (15 grams), as well as vegetable fats, to the diet.
• The liquid must be drunk in small sips. If you immediately drink a lot of water, harm the kidneys.
• Gradually, the diet needs to be expanded. At first, garlic, onions, and other spices are allowed to be consumed in small quantities. But coffee, alcohol, carbonated drinks are forbidden to drink.
• Observe the drinking regime. Cranberry juice is especially valuable. Take a glass of fruit drink, add methionine (0.5 grams). With the help of fruit drink, you can improve the production of hippuric acid in the liver, which is one of the best bacteriostatic agents.
• Drink herbal anti-inflammatory, diuretic tea. We recommend changing the herbal failure every 2 weeks. Use blueberry leaves, licorice root, white willow bark, nettle, St. John's wort, birch leaves.

Special food occasions

• Pyelonephritis anemia. Often, kidney disease is accompanied by anemia. Eat foods that contain cobalt, iron: pomegranate, strawberries, apples.
• uremic syndrome. Eat foods that reduce intoxication, get rid of slagging: sorbents, herbal decoctions, a large amount of fiber - vegetables, fruits. It is worth reducing the amount of protein (use no more than 25 grams).
• Allergy pyelonephritis. Please note that an allergic reaction often leads to severe inflammation in the kidneys. Therefore, it is so important to remove all allergens from your menu.
• glomerulonephritis. During an exacerbation of the disease, it is necessary to reduce the amount of water, refuse salt.

How important is dieting?

With healthy nutrition, you can:

• Facilitate kidney work.
• Reduce stress on the urinary organs.
• Ease the course of the disease.
• Get well sooner.
• Remove excess water from the body. So you will not only wash the urinary tract perfectly, but also quickly get rid of edema.
• Normalize water and electrolyte balance, pressure, prevent complications.
• Improve the functioning of the body, enrich it with vitamins.
• Strengthen immunity.
• Get rid of pathogenic microflora.

What happens if you don't follow the diet?

Do you continue to eat unhealthy foods? Everything can end with urolithiasis, paranephritis, abscess, carbuncles, bacteriotoxic shock, renal failure, sepsis.

Menu for pyelonephritis

Monday

• In the morning, use barley fresh cucumber drink from chicory.
• Dine on lean borscht. For the second, you can eat boiled potatoes, low-fat fish, drink weak tea.
• Dine on rice porridge with boiled beets.

• We have breakfast with buckwheat porridge with fresh tomatoes, drink compote.
• We dine with lean soup, wheat porridge with boiled beef, drink tea.
• Dinner with oatmeal and berries

• For breakfast: semolina porridge with vegetable salad drink from chicory.
• For lunch: vegetarian borscht, boiled tuna potatoes. You need to drink jelly.
• For dinner: barley porridge juice.

• We have breakfast with cottage cheese with the addition of berries.
• We have lunch with lean soup, milk porridge, it is best to drink compote.
• We have dinner with meat pudding, drink jelly.

• We have breakfast with buckwheat tea with fresh vegetables.
• For lunch: vegetarian soup wheat porridge with boiled beef rosehip broth.
• For dinner: steamed omelet with stewed vegetables.

• Breakfast barley with cauliflower tea.
• We have lunch with borscht, rice porridge with apples, boiled fish compote.
• We dine on cottage cheese, drink juice.

Sunday

• For breakfast: barley with tomatoes, a drink with chicory and milk.
• For lunch: light soup boiled potatoes steam meatballs rosehip broth.
• For dinner: oatmeal with fruit.

Principles of nutrition in acute pyelonephritis

The first two days you need to stick to a fruit-sugar diet, drink at least 2 liters of water. Then include gourds in the diet. On the 3rd - 4th day, you need to adhere to a dairy-vegetarian diet.

Features of nutrition in chronic pyelonephritis

The therapeutic diet includes the intake of boiled, stewed and baked vegetables. It is very useful to include milk in your diet, it has a diuretic effect. It is important that the menu contains fermented milk products, lean meats.

Diet for pregnant women

Please note that many drugs are absolutely contraindicated for the treatment of kidneys, so it is so important to follow a diet. A pregnant woman needs to be deleted from her menu: fried, spicy, fatty, salty. Diversify your diet with fruits and vegetables. Remember to drink as much as possible. We recommend including prunes and beets in the menu.

Note! Useful recipes

Pumpkin soup

Prepare 300 grams of potatoes, pumpkins, onions, carrots. Cut everything into small pieces. Boil 2 liters of water, then add vegetables. When everything is ready, grind the soup in a blender.

Vegetable cutlets

Take cauliflower (700 grams) milk (500 ml) semolina (tablespoon) butter (tablespoon) some breadcrumbs. Cabbage is chopped, mixed with milk, then semolina and an egg are added. After that, you need to form cutlets and steam them.

Rice-apple casserole

Prepare 3 apples rice (2 cups) butter (2 tablespoons) sugar (half a cup) sour cream (200 grams). First, boil the rice, add oil, an egg to it. After that, you need to peel the apples, add sugar, a little cinnamon to them. Lubricate the form with oil, put some rice, add apples, top with the remaining rice. Cook everything in the oven for about half an hour.

If you believe the reviews, without a diet, drug treatment is not effective. Therefore, it is so important to adhere to the basic principles of nutrition in kidney disease.

To sum up, pyelonephritis is one of the serious and common kidney diseases, which is better not to joke with. Do you often suffer from lower back pain? Having problems with urination? Worried about burning? Have you had kidney problems before? Urgently go to the urologist, take a urine test, blood test, and do not delay treatment.

Non-obstructive pyelonephritis is a type of inflammation of the tissues of the kidneys, a very common and well-studied disease.

It proceeds with characteristic symptoms and in most cases is secondary (acts as a complication). It has several forms of flow.

With improperly selected therapy or untimely treatment, pyelonephritis can cause renal failure or septic shock.

general information

There are several varieties, since this disease is inflammatory in nature, it proceeds according to several "scenarios" and in most cases with a normal outflow of urine.

Non-obstructive pyelonephritis is the type of disease in which diuresis is not impaired, that is, the ureters are not blocked or pathogenic bacteria. There are no ischemic changes in the organs. Blood flow to the kidneys is not disturbed.

Specific procedures will help diagnose the disease:

• analysis of urine and blood for biochemistry;
• positive ;
• extensive urography.

CT and MRI are rarely performed, most often it is enough to do an ultrasound scan, detect structural changes in the structure of organs or conduct. At the same time, the condition of the patient's blood and urine is assessed, the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in biological fluids indicates an infectious process.

Therapy Methods

Preference is given to drug treatment, surgical interventions are rarely resorted to, since the outflow of urine with n non-obstructive pyelonephritis not violated. Surgery is required only if complications develop.

Traditional ways

Involves taking antibacterial drugs. help to stop the inflammatory process.

Can be assigned:

Antibacterial therapy can be strengthened with vitamins and anti-inflammatory drugs of plant origin. But therapy is selected on an individual basis.

Is an operation necessary?

If the outflow of urine is not disturbed, then the disease does not require surgical treatment. Surgical manipulations are carried out only with the development of complications (carbuncle, abscess) .;

It is easy to prepare a collection from these plants and take it daily. The ingredients are mixed in equal proportions (total weight 35 gr.). The mixture is poured with 1 liter of boiled water, and put in a water bath for 15 minutes, then filtered, cooled and drunk 3 cups a day.

If not, then you can drink juice from lingonberries and honey, 200 ml daily in the morning, diluting the drink with a spoonful of honey.

Possible Complications

If we talk about the acute type of the course of the disease, then it is considered the main transition of pyelonephritis into a chronic form. Against the background of which there are structural changes in the tissues.

With a long and uncompensated course, the disease can also cause:

• carbuncle or kidney abscess;
• bacteriological blood sepsis.

These are the most common complications that pyelonephritis can lead to, but the disease often leads to damage to nearby organs and tissues. Inflammation goes to the liver, intestines, stomach. Which significantly worsens the general condition of the body and leads to the appearance of additional symptoms.

Prevention and prognosis

With timely treatment, well-chosen treatment, the prognosis is favorable. In the event of complications, the likelihood of surgical procedures increases.

• timely treat bacterial and infectious diseases;
• with a chronic type of course, contact a nephrologist once every 12 months;
• in case of unpleasant symptoms, consult a doctor;
• strengthen the immune system with appropriate drugs.

Non-obstructive pyelonephritis is a common but dangerous disease and should be treated by a doctor.

When the first signs appear, it is urgent to consult a doctor and take tests. This will help to avoid serious complications and stop the development of the inflammatory process.

Acute pyelonephritis is an inflammatory disease that affects the intermediate tissue of the kidneys, calyces and pelvis. The disease can be triggered by infectious and non-infectious causes.

Urologists say that pyelonephritis of various etiologies is one of the most common diseases, while this pathology is most often diagnosed in children (due to an unformed urinary system) and in women (due to the peculiarities of the structure of the genitourinary system, which make it easier for infections to enter the kidneys ).

Acute pyelonephritis: what is it and how does it differ from a chronic inflammatory process?

The acute inflammatory process of the pyelocaliceal system differs from chronic pyelonephritis in the following features of the course:

• in acute pyelonephritis, the inflammatory process develops rapidly, while in chronic disease it progresses more slowly;
• the clinical signs of the disease in the acute form are pronounced, and in chronic inflammation of the kidneys, the symptoms are blurred or absent;
• an acute inflammatory process with proper and timely treatment ends with a complete recovery of the patient or a transition to a chronic form, while it is characterized by frequent relapses;
• chronic inflammatory process in the kidneys is more difficult to treat with antibiotic therapy, since microorganisms are resistant to most drugs.

The inflammatory process in an acute form captures only 1 kidney or both at once.

Symptoms of acute pyelonephritis

Symptoms of acute pyelonephritis in women, children and men largely depend on the neglect of the inflammatory process, the presence of other diseases and the stage.

The following stages of the inflammatory process in the kidneys are distinguished:

1. Stage of serous inflammation- characterized by an increase in the size of the affected organ (one kidney or both), edema of the perirenal tissue.
2. Stage of purulent inflammation:

• aposematous inflammation;
• kidney carbuncle;
• kidney abscess.

The stage of purulent inflammation of the kidney is characterized by the formation of pustules in the cortical layer, which, in the absence of adequate therapy, merge with each other and form a carbuncle. There may be several such carbuncles, they merge with each other, pus melts the tissues of the kidney, as a result of which an abscess of the organ develops.

Important! If at the stage of serous inflammation the patient is diagnosed correctly and adequately treated, pyelonephritis successfully resolves within 14-20 days and does not affect the patient's performance and future life.

Non-obstructive acute pyelonephritis: symptoms

With the development of the inflammatory process, the patient has the following signs of acute pyelonephritis:

• the onset is acute, the symptoms develop rapidly - sometimes in a few hours, but more often 1-2 days;
• increase in body temperature to 39.5-40.0 degrees;
• weakness and malaise;
• nausea, vomiting sometimes;
• increased sweating, tachycardia, severe headaches, sometimes blood pressure rises;
• dull pain in the lumbar region on one side or both, depending on the prevalence of the inflammatory process - pain can radiate to the perineum, back, abdomen;
• a slight decrease in daily diuresis, oliguria - this syndrome is due to increased sweating;
• cloudy urine with an unpleasant odor;
• dysuric symptoms in women are usually absent, the child may have complaints of a feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder.

Secondary acute pyelonephritis: symptoms

Secondary acute pyelonephritis develops in most cases against the background of existing diseases of the urinary tract. Often, symptoms result from urinary obstruction and obstruction of the urinary tract.

The patient has:

• acute in the type of renal colic, often associated with obstruction of the urinary tract;
• increase in body temperature up to 39.0 degrees, fever;
• increased thirst;
• nausea and vomiting.

Important! If the causes of obstruction are identified and this factor is eliminated, then the patient's condition returns to normal, all signs of pyelonephritis disappear. If the cause is not established, then a few hours after the acute clinic subsides, all the symptoms return again with a vengeance.

Purulent acute pyelonephritis: symptoms

Signs of acute pyelonephritis with purulent lesions of the kidney parenchyma are as follows:

• persistent unbearable dull pain in the lumbar region radiating to the back, abdomen, thigh;
• fever of the hectic type (fluctuations in body temperature up to 3-4 degrees, occur several times a day) - that is, from 40.0 degrees the temperature drops to 37.0 and rises again to 40.0 and so 2-3 times a day;
• severe intoxication of the body - nausea, vomiting, weakness, headaches;
• urine is excreted in a small amount cloudy with a sharp unpleasant odor.

Reasons for the development of the disease

The main reason for the development of pyelonephritis is the penetration of pathological microorganisms into the parenchyma of the kidneys. The most common causative agents of an acute inflammatory process are E. coli, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, amoeba proteus. Slightly less commonly, pyelonephritis is caused by viruses and fungi.

According to statistics, during the examination of the patient, more often several associated bacteria that provoke the development of inflammation are detected. Signs of acute pyelonephritis occur if the infectious agent has entered the kidneys and began to actively multiply and release toxic substances.

This happens in two ways:

1. Hematogenous- the infection enters the kidneys with blood flow from other internal organs in which the inflammatory process occurs. Most often this is facilitated by timely untreated cystitis, urethritis, adnexitis, prostatitis. The distant causes of the development of the disease are untreated sinusitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis and even neglected carious cavities of the teeth.
2. Urinogenic (or ascending)- this route of penetration of the pathogen into the kidneys is the most common. The infection enters the kidneys from the lower urinary tract (urethra, bladder, ureters).

Predisposing factors for the development of acute pyelonephritis are:

• thrush in women or intestinal dysbacteriosis;
• hormonal imbalance - women often experience pyelonephritis in the second half of pregnancy and during menopause;
• estrogen deficiency in the female body, which leads to a violation of the acid-base balance in the vagina;
• active sex life and frequent change of sexual partners - this causes inflammation of the urethra and bladder, from where the infection easily enters the kidneys;
• venereal diseases, including hidden ones;
• diabetes;
• general hypothermia of the body;
• immunodeficiency states - hypovitaminosis, transferred courses of radiation therapy, poor unbalanced nutrition;
• prostate adenoma in men.

Important! The risk of developing acute pyelonephritis increases if a person has several predisposing factors at once.

Prognosis and possible complications of the disease

The recovery of the patient with proper therapy occurs in 3-4 weeks. If the patient does not pay attention to the symptoms and the treatment of pyelonephritis was not carried out or the onset was too late, then the progressive pathological process in the kidneys often leads to life-threatening complications:

• blood poisoning;
• paranephritis - purulent inflammation of the perirenal tissue;
• bacterial septic shock;
• pyonephrosis of the kidney and melting of the tissues of the organ with purulent contents;

Diagnostic methods

In order to make a correct diagnosis, a patient with suspected pyelonephritis should contact a local therapist or a narrow specialist. Diagnosis and treatment of pyelonephritis is carried out by a urologist or nephrologist.

During the initial examination of the patient, the doctor collects an anamnesis of the disease, so you need to be prepared to answer questions like:

• was there any hypothermia?
• Does the patient suffer from prostatitis (male), bacterial vaginosis (female), intestinal dysbacteriosis?
• Was there any previous bladder disease?

It is also necessary to answer in what conditions the patient lives, does he fully eat, did he endure angina, SARS or influenza before the onset of pain in the kidneys? Answers to these questions will allow the doctor to navigate what could cause the development of pyelonephritis.

To identify the inflammatory process in the body, the patient is shown the following examinations:

• urinalysis (general, bakposev and according to Nechiporenko);
• general and biochemical blood test;
• Ultrasound of the kidneys;
• excretory urography;
• computed tomography - allows you to diagnose urolithiasis, as one of the possible causes of pyelonephritis at an early stage.

Acute pyelonephritis treatment

Treatment for acute pyelonephritis includes drug and non-drug therapy.

Non-drug treatment of acute pyelonephritis in women

A patient with signs of kidney inflammation must drink at least 2.5 liters of water and other fluids per day, thus maintaining daily diuresis and removing bacteria from the urinary tract more quickly.

Alkaline mineral waters without gas are ideal for drinking, such as Borjomi, Essentuki, Polyana Kvasova, Luzhanskaya. You can drink compotes from apples, pears, berries with a minimum addition of sugar, rosehip broth, cranberry juice.

An excellent diuretic and antiseptic effect is possessed by special kidney teas, a decoction of birch buds, and lingonberry tea. These drinks supplement medical treatment, but cannot completely replace it - this is important to consider. Kidney tea comes with instructions detailing how to properly prepare the drink so that it retains its healing properties.

Medical therapy

Treatment of acute pyelonephritis in children and adults cannot do without antibiotics.

Usually, the doctor does not wait for the results of urine culture and prescribes a drug to which representatives of gram-positive and gram-negative flora are sensitive:

• beta-lactams and aminopenicillins - Ampicillin, Amoxil, Amoxicillin, Flemoxin solutab;
• cephalosporins - Cefepime, Cefazolin, Ceftriaxone, Loraxone, Cefradin;
• aminoglycosides - Amikacin, Gentamicin, drugs of this group cause many side effects and have a large list of contraindications, therefore they are used only for the treatment of complicated pyelonephritis, which are difficult to treat with other antibiotics.

In addition to antibiotic therapy, fluoroquinolones are prescribed as a bacteriostatic and bactericidal agent. These are drugs that stop the growth and reproduction of bacteria, thereby increasing the effectiveness of the antibiotic.

Fluoroquinolones include:

• Ofloxacin;
• Norfloxacin;
• Ciprofloxacin;
• Pefloxacin.

Important! Fluoroquinolones are not prescribed for the treatment of pregnant women, nursing mothers and adolescents in the phase of their active puberty. Never self-medicate, as the medicine can lead to serious consequences.

In addition to the above groups of drugs, the urologist necessarily prescribes the intake of antimicrobial agents of the nitofuran series. These are drugs whose action is aimed specifically at the destruction of infection in the urinary tract.

These include:

• Nitroxoline;
• Nifuroxazide;
• Furadonin;
• Furazolidone.

Surgery

In some cases, in women, the symptoms and treatment of pyelonephritis require surgery. As a rule, these are situations of severe obstruction of the urinary tract and purulent complications.

The main goals of the operation are to restore the full outflow of urine and prevent the spread of infection to a healthy kidney or tissues surrounding the organ. The video in this article tells in more detail about the methods of surgical intervention, the main indications and the prognosis for the patient.

Diet

Dietary nutrition in acute pyelonephritis plays an important role in the recovery process. Compliance with all the doctor's recommendations regarding dietary restrictions allows you to normalize the acidity of urine, stop pain, prevent excess fluid retention in the body and the development of edema. The diet involves limiting salt and excluding foods that can irritate and increase blood flow to the pelvic organs.

These products are:

• spices: pepper, vinegar, spices, flavorings, which are found in large quantities in mayonnaise, ketchup and other store-bought sauces;
• fatty meat and fish - pork, lamb, chicken skin, mackerel;
• meat, fish and mushroom broths;
• sorrel;
• smoked products, including sausages and sausages;
• alcohol;
• coffee, cocoa, chocolate;
• delicious pastries.

It is recommended to eat warm food in small portions up to 5-6 times a day. The basis of the diet is cereals (buckwheat, corn, oatmeal, rice), fermented milk products (kefir, cottage cheese, yogurt, sour cream, low-fat cream), boiled or stewed chicken without skin, beef, rabbit. From sweets, honey, apple marshmallow, marshmallows are allowed, it is better to refuse store confectionery. From berries and fruits, preference is given to watermelon, raspberries, strawberries.

After suffering pyelonephritis, the patient must be registered at the dispensary for up to a year - if during this period there was no recurrence of the disease and all urine and blood parameters are within the normal range, then the patient is deregistered.

Questions

Hello, Doctor. I was diagnosed with chronic pyelonephritis in the acute stage. How long is the disease treated in my case and is a full recovery possible?

Hello. An acute inflammatory process is treated with antibiotics and other drugs for at least 14 days, depending on the degree of neglect of the pathological process. Further therapy is selected individually - this is a diet, physiotherapy, spa treatment. In your case, we can talk about complete recovery only if after the last recurrence of the disease during the year there was not one exacerbation of pyelonephritis, the test results are normal and the structure of the kidneys is not changed.

Good afternoon doctor! Tell me, please, how to treat pyelonephritis during pregnancy? I am now at 24 weeks and I am very worried about how antibiotics can affect the development of the baby. Is it possible to somehow do without them, perhaps folk recipes?

Hello. Folk recipes can only supplement the treatment, but by no means replace it. As for antibiotics, unfortunately, you can’t do without them, and you don’t have to worry about the effect of the drug on the fetus, the child has all the organs already formed, and your doctor will select a drug that is safe for pregnant women.

Remember that untreated pyelonephritis can harm your health and the health of the fetus much more than a well-chosen antibiotic.

Obstructive pyelonephritis (ICD code 10 - N11.1) is a serious infectious disease of the kidneys, provoked by a violation of the outflow of urine. This factor mainly distinguishes it from the non-obstructive course of the disease (ICD code 10 - N11.0).

These two types of disease have characteristic differences.

Both obstructive and non-obstructive pyelonephritis can occur with ascending (from the bladder and urethra) and descending (with blood flow) infection of the kidney tissues by pathogens, but in the first form of the disease it is characterized by severe congestion and destruction of the kidney tissue.

stages

Stages of development of non-obstructive pyelonephritis:

• Acute infectious inflammatory process, characterized by fever, pain syndrome.
• A chronic process that may be asymptomatic. At this stage, changes occur in the pyelocaliceal system of the kidneys, scarring and sclerosis of tissues are possible, after which we will talk about obstructive pyelonephritis.

The stages of the course of obstructive pyelonephritis are distinguished by the degree of kidney damage:

• The inflammatory process proceeds evenly throughout the kidney, its swelling is observed.
• Congestive inflammatory foci aggravate the process of obstruction, abscesses, carbuncles are formed, pathological changes occur in the pelvicalyceal system, kidney shrinkage, necrotic processes.

Diagnostic methods

In order to make a correct diagnosis in both cases, the patient must pass a clinical blood test and a general urinalysis, and undergo an ultrasound examination of the kidneys. If ultrasound and laboratory tests show the presence of an obstructive congestive process, the patient may be ordered to CT or contrast urography and cystography to determine the location of the violation of the outflow of urine and its cause.

Therapy

Treatment of non-obstructive pyelonephritis is carried out exclusively with medication. The patient is prescribed an antibiotic, to which pathogens that caused inflammation are sensitive. To alleviate the condition during treatment and further prevention, the patient must follow a diet and drinking regimen.

If an obstructive process is detected, antibiotic therapy is first prescribed to eliminate acute inflammation. Then the patient is selected uroseptics or bacteriostatic drugs to prevent relapse. The doctor determines the location and nature of the obstruction and then decides on the need for surgical intervention. For example, obstructive pyelonephritis that occurs during pregnancy simply requires drug support until delivery, stones from the kidneys can be removed by hardware, but congenital anomalies involve surgery to eliminate them.

Possible Complications

The main danger in non-obstructive pyelonephritis is its transition to a chronic asymptomatic process with scarring of the renal tissues or obstructive pyelonephritis.

Serious complications in the obstructive course of the disease are:

• Development of reflux nephropathy and secondary wrinkling of the kidney.
• The occurrence of focal purulent processes (abscess, carbuncle, tissue necrosis).
• Sepsis and bacteriotoxic shock.
• Development of acute renal failure and organ loss.

Forecast

The earlier the disease is diagnosed, the better the prognosis. With non-obstructive pyelonephritis, a complete cure can be achieved a maximum of two weeks after the start of therapy. Obstructive pyelonephritis requires a more serious diagnosis and careful treatment of the main cause of the difficulty in the work of the kidney. Thanks to modern minimally invasive technologies for operations on the kidneys and ureters, the patient will also fully recover in a short time.

Obstructive pyelonephritis is an extremely dangerous infectious disease of the kidneys that develops against the background of an acute violation of the outflow of urine through the pyelocaliceal system and the rapid reproduction of bacterial microflora. This disease is quite common. Obstructive, as well as non-obstructive pyelonephritis can develop in both children and adults. People with a weakened immune system are most susceptible to this disease.

The peak incidence usually occurs in spring and autumn, when there is an increase in the number of cases of SARS and influenza. Against the background of these respiratory infections, human immunity is significantly reduced, so the bacteria that are always present on the mucous membranes of the genitourinary system get the opportunity to multiply, causing inflammatory damage to the kidneys. There are many other factors that greatly contribute to the appearance of this pathological condition.

Many different factors that contribute to the difficulty of outflow of urine, create conditions for the development of this infectious disease. Stagnant processes lead to an increase in the number of bacteria that provoke inflammatory tissue damage. Pyelonephritis often occurs against the background of congenital anomalies in the development of the kidneys and urinary tract. Usually, such pathologies begin to manifest themselves with inflammation already in early childhood.

Urolithiasis also often predisposes to the development of pyelonephritis, and then obstruction. Stones that form in the kidneys, under certain circumstances, can descend into the ureter, partially or completely blocking the outflow of urine. In men, pyelonephritis often develops against the background of adenoma or prostate cancer. In women, pregnancy can be a provoking factor for such kidney damage, since an increase in the uterus contributes to a change in the position of this paired organ, and sometimes causes compression of the ureters. In addition, there are factors that contribute to chronic obstructive pyelonephritis, including:

• diabetes;
• thyroid disease;
• long-term use of antibiotics;
• hypothermia.

Previously performed operations on the urinary tract can create conditions for the development of such damage to the tissues of the kidneys. In addition, kidney injury can contribute to the appearance of obstructive pyelonephritis. A decrease in immunity of any etiology can provoke the development of this pathological condition.

Symptoms

In most cases, this disease manifests itself acutely. There is a rapid increase in body temperature up to +40 ° C. The main symptom of this disorder is renal colic - acute pain in the lower back. Due to inflammation of the tissues of the kidneys, problems with urination are usually observed. Patients complain of chills and increased sweating. As a rule, general weakness is rapidly increasing. As the disease progresses, the following symptoms may appear:

• strong thirst;
• vomit;
• nausea;
• feeling of dryness in the blood;
• headache.

The intensity of the signs of this pathological condition usually increases over 3-4 days. This is due to the fact that toxins build up in the body, which, due to impaired kidney function, cannot be excreted in the urine. To avoid the development of serious complications, it is necessary to consult a doctor at the first symptoms. If treatment was not started in a timely manner, this disease becomes chronic, which is characterized by alternating periods of relapse and remission. This outcome is considered extremely unfavorable, as it further leads to renal failure.

Diagnostics

First of all, the patient is examined, an anamnesis is taken and the symptoms are assessed. Even this is enough for a specialist to suspect the development of obstructive pyelonephritis. Usually, to confirm the diagnosis, studies such as:

• general and biochemical analysis of blood and urine;
• urine culture;
• urography;
• angiography;
• nephroscintigraphy;
• radiography.

The nephrologist independently decides which tests are required to make a diagnosis. Self-medication can pose a serious health hazard. After a comprehensive diagnosis, the doctor may prescribe the necessary drugs to suppress the inflammatory process.

Treatment of obstructive pyelonephritis

In the acute period, complex therapy is required to avoid the transition of the disease to a chronic form. First of all, a diet is prescribed - table number 7a. Drink at least 2-2.5 liters of fluid per day. This will quickly eliminate the pathogenic microflora and suppress the inflammatory process. To relieve pain and improve local blood circulation, the doctor may recommend thermal procedures.

Among other things, targeted drug therapy is required. In the first days of the acute period of obstructive pyelonephritis, there is an extremely strong pain syndrome. To eliminate it, the nephrologist may prescribe antispasmodics. Targeted antibiotic therapy is required to control infection.

Usually, obstructive pyelonephritis is treated with drugs such as:

• Benzylpenicillin;
• Oxacillin;
• Ampicillin;
• Ampicillin sodium salt;
• Streptomycin;
• Tetracycline;
• Metacycline;
• Morphocycline;
• Tetraolean;
• Olethetrin;
• Gentamicin;
• Cephaloridine.

The course of antibiotic therapy should be at least 4 weeks. It should not be interrupted, as this can contribute to the transition of the disease into a chronic form. Such drugs are usually administered intravenously or intramuscularly. In addition, drugs are prescribed to lower body temperature. Vitamin complexes can also be prescribed, which help to increase immunity. However, if conservative methods of treatment do not allow to achieve a pronounced effect, surgery may be indicated. Usually, such therapy is required in the presence of stones and various anomalies of the urinary tract.