Skin rashes on the body of an adult. Rashes on the skin in the form of red spots with itching in adults

General concept of skin rashes

General characteristics of skin rashes

With many diseases of an infectious nature, as well as with allergic conditions, various rashes may appear on the skin. It is important to be able to correctly assess the nature of the rash. If a rash appears, you must first consult a doctor. Rashes caused by the same diseases look so different in different people that even skin specialists sometimes find it difficult to make a diagnosis. Less experienced people are more likely to make mistakes. Still, it is desirable to have a general idea of ​​​​the most common types of rash.

The elements of the rash are conditionally divided into primary and secondary.

Rashes that appear on intact skin are called primary. These include:

2) papule;

3) tubercle;

5) blister;

6) bubble;

7) abscess.

Secondary are rashes that appear as a result of the evolution of primary elements. These include:

1) scale;

2) hyperpigmentation;

3) depigmentation;

6) erosion;

The primary elements, in turn, are divided into cavitary, filled with serous or purulent contents (vesicle, bladder, abscess), and non-cavitary (spot, papule, node, blister, tubercle).

A spot is a change in skin color in a limited area that does not rise above the level of the skin and does not differ in density from healthy areas of the skin. The size of the spot varies considerably - from punctate to extensive, the shape is often irregular. A speck ranging in size from a dot to 5 mm of pale pink or red is called roseola. Multiple roseolas 1-2 mm in size - small-pointed rash, spots 10-20 mm in size - large-spotted rash, extensive areas of hyperemic skin - erythema.

The appearance of spots may be associated with an inflammatory process and is due to the expansion of the blood vessels of the skin. Such spots disappear when pressing on the skin with a finger and reappear after the pressure stops. Non-inflammatory spots are formed as a result of hemorrhages. These can be petechiae - petechial hemorrhages, purpura - multiple rounded bruises 2–5 mm in size, ecchymosis - irregularly shaped hemorrhages of more than 5 mm. Unlike inflammatory, non-inflammatory spots do not disappear with pressure on the skin.

Papule - a limited, slightly elevated formation above the level of the skin with a flat or domed surface. Appears as a result of an inflammatory infiltrate in the upper layers of the skin or proliferation of the epidermis. The size of papules can vary from 2–3 mm to several centimeters. Large papules are called plaques.

The tubercle is a dense, cavityless element protruding above the surface of the skin and reaching a diameter of 5–10 mm. Appears as a result of the formation of an inflammatory granuloma in the skin. Clinically, the tubercle is similar to a papule, but it is denser to the touch and, in reverse development, unlike the papule, it becomes necrotic, leaving behind a scar, an ulcer.

A knot is a dense formation protruding above the level of the skin or located in its thickness. Reaches 10 mm or more. It is formed when a cell infiltrate accumulates in the subcutaneous tissue and the dermis proper. The node may subsequently ulcerate and scar. Large blue-red nodules that are painful to the touch are called erythema nodosum. Non-inflammatory nodes are found in skin neoplasms (fibroma, lipoma).

A blister is an acute inflammatory element that occurs as a result of limited edema above the level of the skin, has a rounded shape, a size of 20 mm or more. Disappears quickly, leaving no trace behind. The appearance of a blister is usually accompanied by severe itching.

A vesicle is a superficial, somewhat protruding above the skin level, filled with a serous or bloody fluid, a formation 1–5 mm in size. The bubble may dry out with the formation of a transparent or brown crust, it opens, exposing a limited weeping erosion. After resolution, it leaves temporary hyperpigmentation (depigmentation) or disappears without a trace. With the accumulation of leukocytes in the vesicle, it turns into an abscess - a pustule. A pustule can also form initially, most often in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe hair follicles.

Bubble (bulla) - an element similar to a bubble, but significantly larger than it (3–15 mm or more). It is located in the upper layers of the epidermis and under the epidermis. Filled with serous, bloody or purulent contents. May fall off to form crusts.

Leaves behind unstable pigmentation. Occurs with burns, acute dermatitis.

Scale - an accumulation of torn horny plates of the epidermis. Scales can be of various sizes: more than 5 mm (leaf-like peeling), 1-5 mm (lamellar peeling), the smallest (bran-like peeling). They are yellowish or grayish in color. Abundant pityriasis peeling gives the impression of powdered skin. The appearance of scales is observed after a measles, scarlatinal rash, with psoriasis, seborrhea.

The crust is formed as a result of the drying of the contents of the vesicles, pustules, separated by weeping surfaces.

An ulcer is a deep skin defect, sometimes reaching the underlying organs.

When assessing the nature of the rash, it is necessary to establish the time of appearance, localization, size and number of elements, their shape and color. By quantity they distinguish:

1) single elements;

2) mild rash (quickly counted on examination);

3) profuse rash.

Particular attention is paid to the color of the rash. The inflammatory rash has a red tint - from pale pink to bluish-purple. The peculiarity of the secondary elements of the rash is also important: the nature and localization of peeling, the time the crusts fall off, etc.

Clinical characteristics of various skin rashes

Vesicle and bladder

These are limited superficial cavities, raised above the level of the skin and containing fluid. They differ in size: the diameter of the vesicle is less than 0.5 cm, the diameter of the bubble is more than 0.5 cm. They are formed when the surface layer of the skin is exfoliated - the epidermis (intraepidermal cavities) or when the epidermis is detached from the skin itself - the dermis (subepidermal cavity).

Detachment of the stratum corneum of the epidermis leads to the appearance of subcorneal vesicles and blisters that occur with impetigo and subcorneal pustular dermatosis. The walls of the latter are so thin that the contents (plasma, lymph, blood and extracellular fluid) shine through them. Another mechanism for the formation of intraepidermal cavities is intercellular edema (spongiosis). Spongiosis occurs with allergic dermatitis and eczema. As a result of the destruction of intercellular bridges and the separation of the cells of the spinous layer of the epidermis, gaps filled with exudate appear. This process is called acantholysis (characteristic of pemphigus and herpes). The subepidermal vesicle is the primary element in bullous pemphigoid and late cutaneous porphyria.

Blisters on the skin are formed from exposure to a bacterial (impetigo, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome), viral (herpes simplex and herpes zoster) or fungal (bullous dermatophytosis) infection.

Blisters are seen in primary contact dermatitis. A variety of exogenous (external) irritants that can cause primary skin inflammation (primary contact dermatitis) in any person are usually divided into the following groups:

1) mechanical (pressure, friction with tight clothing and shoes, corsets, plaster casts);

2) physical (high and low temperatures that cause burns and frostbite; sunlight and artificial radiant energy);

3) chemical (strong acids, alkalis, some metal salts);

4) biological (various plants, for example, white ash, hellebore, ranunculus). Blisters can occur after a tick bite.

Vesicles and blisters are formed in allergic dermatitis, toxidermia, eczema, atopic dermatitis in persons prone to allergic reactions. Finally, they are a sign of such a severe inflammatory disease as pemphigus. Yet more often blisters occur as a result of rubbing the skin or pressure on it with shoes and clothing. We are talking about the so-called abrasions.

Increased sweating of the feet, lack of proper care for them, and wearing waterproof shoes predispose to the occurrence of scuffs.

Bubbles can be located:

1) on clinically unchanged skin (pemphigus);

2) against the background of erythema and edema (streptoderma, herpes);

3) on the surface of a blister (erythema multiforme exudative) or nodule (eczema).

Separate cavity elements merge with the formation of large cavities (pemphigus) or are grouped together, may be close, nearby and not merge (herpes simplex and herpes zoster).

Blister

A blister, or urtica, is a cavityless element that occurs as a result of limited swelling of the papillary dermis. It is the main clinical sign of a common allergic disease - urticaria. A characteristic feature of a blister is ephemerality, volatility. Having arisen quickly, it exists for a short time and disappears without a trace in a few hours. In some cases, an attack of the disease can last several days.

Causes of occurrence. In the occurrence of urticaria, the leading are allergic mechanisms of tissue damage as a result of an immediate type reaction. External causes that cause blisters to form include:

1) food products (such as, for example, strawberries, raspberries, citrus fruits, eggs, bananas, tomatoes, chocolate, canned food, sausages, fish, etc.);

2) chemicals (including medicines);

3) temperature factors;

4) the formation of urticarial elements is observed after contact with some plants (for example, nettles);

5) with insect bites (mosquitoes).

The occurrence of rashes contribute to:

1) pathology of the gastrointestinal tract and liver (gastritis, colitis, cholecystitis, helminthic invasion);

2) enzymatic deficiency;

3) increased capillary permeability;

4) in some cases, the manifestation of urticaria is associated with neuropsychic stress;

5) violations of the functions of the endocrine system (cases of the appearance of urticaria before menstruation, during pregnancy) and metabolism.

External manifestations. The occurrence of urticarial elements is accompanied by severe itching. Often the body temperature rises, there is a feeling of chills, headache and malaise. The damage can spread. Sometimes typified elements merge with the formation of giant edematous areas of the skin of a bizarre shape. The peripheral part of the urticarial elements has a more intense pink color than the central one. On the surface of the blister, pinpoint depressions are revealed at the mouths of the hair follicles, which gives the impression of a lemon peel. In addition to the skin, edema in urticaria can develop within the mucous membranes of the larynx, bronchi, and intestines. Sudden swelling of the airways sometimes leads to asphyxia.

calluses

Callus (clavus) is a sharply defined painful area of ​​traumatic hyperkeratosis. The resulting limited dense formation of a yellowish color, as it were, is introduced into the skin like a nail in a cone-shaped manner (from Latin clavus - “nail”).

Clinically, the corn is distinguished by a significant thickness of the stratum corneum, which appears in the form of smooth or scaly plaques, usually rounded. Large flat hyperkeratotic thickenings of the skin of a rounded or oval shape, having a slightly convex surface and without clear boundaries passing into the surrounding skin, are designated by the term callosity (callositas).

The cause of the formation of corns and calluses are constant long-term mechanical irritation, pressure or friction of a limited area of ​​the skin.

Calluses most often appear on the feet, especially on the backs of the toes when using ill-fitting, tight shoes. Somewhat less often they occur on the soles and in the interdigital folds (usually between the 4th and 5th toes). When walking, the calluses become painful and can become inflamed. Because of the sharp pain, walking is often difficult.

Children of any age, most often early ones, may develop calluses on the fingers (usually on one finger) due to constant thumb sucking, especially when teeth have already erupted.

Physical workers (shoemakers, carpenters, carpenters, miners, milkmaids), gymnasts have corns on their palms and fingers (professional stigmas, omens, or signs).

Long-existing corns acquire a woody density.

A certain pathogenetic significance in the occurrence of calluses is attached to neuritis of sensory nerves.

Calluses should be distinguished from plantar warts, which also occur at points of pressure and friction. Like calluses, they are very painful. However, after a hot bath, the hard papillae of the warts become juicy, and the warts acquire a "hairy" surface.

In addition to calluses, calluses can form on the heels, soles and palms as a result of prolonged pressure. Sometimes they are located in the form of stripes on the lateral surface of the feet. Cracks often appear on the surface of corns.

A significant development of horny layers rising above the level of the skin leads to the formation of the so-called cutaneous horn. These are insensitive epidermal growths of a conical, cylindrical or multifaceted shape from yellowish gray to brown or almost black. May resemble animal horns.

Clinical characteristics of the elements of the rash in infectious diseases

A rash is a characteristic symptom of many infectious diseases, the most common of which are rubella, measles, scarlet fever, chicken pox, scabies, etc.

Rubella measles

With rubella, the rash appears on the face, neck, and within the next few hours after the onset of the disease, it spreads throughout the body. It is localized mainly on the extensor surfaces of the limbs, buttocks, back; in other parts of the body it is more scarce.

The rash is small-spotted, its elements are pink spots of a round or oval shape, ranging in size from a pinhead to a lentil grain; they are located on unchanged skin and do not merge. On the 2nd day, the rash usually becomes somewhat paler, on the 3rd day it becomes more sparse and fine, remaining only in places of favorite localization, and then disappears without a trace, but sometimes slight pigmentation remains for several days. Varieties of the rash can be considered papularity and small spots.

When the rash appears, the temperature usually rises to 38-39 ° C, but may be normal. The sense of well-being is disturbed a little. Typically, an increase in the posterior cervical, occipital and other lymph nodes, which reach the size of beans 1-2 days before the rash, are dense, and can be somewhat painful. The increase often lasts up to 10-14 days, often noticeable even visually.

Rubella usually appears between the 12th and 21st days after contact with a sick person. Only a doctor can make a diagnosis, because rubella rash is easily confused with measles rash, scarlet fever, prickly heat, and drug rash.

Rubella occurs as a relatively mild viral disease. Rubella mainly affects children under 15 years of age. However, in recent years, there has been a shift in incidence to an older age (20–29 years). The risk group are women of childbearing age.

In pregnant women with rubella, the virus passes through the placenta and enters the tissues of the fetus, leading to its death or severe deformities. Therefore, when women become ill in the first 16 weeks of pregnancy, termination of pregnancy is recommended in many countries.

Recognition of typical cases of rubella during an epidemic outbreak is not difficult. But it is quite difficult to establish a diagnosis in sporadic cases, especially in atypical cases. In this case, virological diagnostic methods can be used. For this purpose, blood is examined in RTHA or ELISA, which are placed with paired sera taken at intervals of 10–14 days. Diagnostic is the increase in antibody titer by 4 times or more.

Measles

With measles, the rash period begins after the catarrhal period, characterized by symptoms of general intoxication (rise in body temperature to 38–39 ° C, headache, lethargy, general malaise), runny nose, cough, conjunctivitis. The duration of the catarrhal period is most often 2-3 days, but can vary from 1-2 to 5-6 days. Before the rash appears, the temperature often decreases, sometimes to normal numbers.

The appearance of a rash is accompanied by a new rise in temperature and an increase in other symptoms of general intoxication.

Measles is characterized by stages of rash. The first elements of the rash appear behind the ears, on the bridge of the nose, then during the first day the rash spreads to the face, neck, and upper chest. Within 2 days it spreads to the trunk and upper limbs, on the 3rd day - to the lower limbs. The rash is usually profuse, merging in places, especially on the face, somewhat less on the trunk, and even less on the legs. When it appears, it looks like pink roseolas or small papules, then it becomes bright, enlarges and merges in places, which creates polymorphism in the size of roseolas, after another day they lose their papularity, change color - they become brown, do not disappear under pressure and turn into age spots in in the same order in which the rash appeared, first on the face, gradually on the trunk, and finally on the legs. Therefore, you can see pigmentation on the face at the same time, and there is still a bright rash on the legs.

The measles rash is almost always typical, and varieties are rare. These include hemorrhagic changes, when the rash acquires a purple-cherry hue. When the skin is stretched, it does not disappear, and when it passes into pigmentation, it first acquires a greenish and then brown color. Often, against the background of a normal rash, hemorrhages appear in places subject to pressure. The first symptoms of measles appear between the 9th and 16th day after contact with the patient. Measles is contagious from the moment the symptoms of a cold appear. The rash lasts 4 days at a high temperature, then begins to disappear; the temperature also drops, peeling appears (like small bran). If the temperature does not decrease or rises again, one should think about complications after measles - this is pneumonia and inflammation of the middle ear.

Enteroviral infection

Very similar to measles diseases of enterovirus nature. With enterovirus infection, a bright spotted rash may appear in the same way as with measles, after a 2-3-day catarrhal period. In severe cases, the rash captures the trunk, limbs, face, feet. There are no stages of rash. The rash disappears after 3-4 days, leaving no trace in the form of pigmentation and flaking.

A peculiar variant of enteroviral exanthema (rash) is a disease that occurs with damage to the hands, feet, and oral cavity. With this form, against the background of moderate intoxication and a slight increase in body temperature, a rash appears on the fingers and toes in the form of small vesicles 1–3 mm in diameter, slightly protruding above the level of the skin and surrounded by a halo of hyperemia. At the same time, single small aphthous elements are found on the tongue and mucous membrane of the cheeks. Herpetic eruptions may appear.

Clinical diagnosis of enteroviral infections is still imperfect. Even with severe forms, the diagnosis is established only presumably.

Serious assistance in diagnosis can be provided by the detection of Coxsackie viruses using a serovirological study (an increase in antibody titer in paired sera).

Scarlet fever

With scarlet fever, a rash appears 1-2 days after catarrhal symptoms and intoxication (fever, deterioration of health, vomiting, pain when swallowing). There is a bright hyperemia of the pharynx, an increase in the tonsils and lymph nodes. The rash appears first on warm, moist areas of the skin: in the groin, in the armpits, on the back. From a distance, the rash looks like a uniform redness, but if you look closely, you can see that it consists of red spots on inflamed skin. The main element of the rash is a punctate roseola 1–2 mm in size, pink in color, in severe cases with a bluish tint. The center of the roseola is usually more intensely colored. The protrusion of points above the level of the skin is better seen with side lighting and is determined by touch (“shagreen leather”). Roseolas are located very densely, their peripheral zones merge and create a general hyperemia of the skin.

Localization of scarlatinal rash is very typical. It is always thicker and brighter in the armpits, elbows, inguinal and popliteal folds, in the lower abdomen and on the inner surfaces of the thighs (in the inguinal triangle). On the face, the rash as such is not visible, it appears as redness of the cheeks. The nasolabial triangle remains pale; against its background, the bright color of the lips is striking.

In the folds of the skin of the neck, elbow, inguinal and knee folds, dark stripes appear that do not disappear with pressure; they are due to the formation of small petechiae that appear due to increased fragility of blood vessels.

Scarlet fever is characterized by dry skin and often itching. White dermographism is considered typical - white stripes on hyperemic skin after a blunt object is passed over it.

With scarlet fever, other types of rash can also occur:

1) miliary in the form of small, 1 mm in size, vesicles filled with a yellowish, sometimes turbid liquid;

2) roseolous-papular rash on the extensor surfaces of the joints;

3) hemorrhagic rash in the form of small hemorrhages, more often on the neck, in the armpits, on the inner surface of the thighs.

It should be borne in mind that in the presence of these varieties, there is also a typical punctate rash at the same time.

The rash remains bright for 1-3 days, then begins to turn pale and disappears by the 8-10th day of illness. The temperature decreases and by the 5-10th day of the disease it normalizes. At the same time, the tongue and pharynx change. At first, the tongue is densely lined, from the 2nd or 3rd day it begins to clear and by the 4th day takes on a characteristic appearance: bright red color, sharply protruding enlarged papillae (“crimson tongue”). "Raspberry tongue" remains until the 10-12th day of illness. Changes in the pharynx disappear more slowly.

After blanching of the rash, peeling begins. The brighter the rash, the more distinct it is. On the face and neck, peeling is usually pityriasis, on the trunk and extremities - lamellar. Large-lamellar peeling appears later and starts from the free edge of the nail, then spreads to the ends of the fingers and further to the palm and sole.

Scarlet fever is one of the possible forms of diseases caused by common streptococci. It usually affects children between the ages of 2 and 8. The carriers of the infection are not only patients with scarlet fever, but also patients with tonsillitis, as well as carriers of streptococci.

Currently, most patients with scarlet fever are treated at home. Hospitalization is carried out according to epidemiological indications (when it is necessary to isolate the patient from a closed team), as well as in severe forms.

Pseudotuberculosis

Pseudotuberculosis is an acute infectious disease characterized by general intoxication, fever, scarlet-like rash, lesions of the small intestine, liver and joints. Mice are the source of infection. After eating contaminated foods (raw vegetables) and water, after 8–10 days, the body temperature rises, which is accompanied by repeated chills, nausea, and vomiting. Characterized by hyperemia of the face, conjunctiva, palms and soles of the feet. The tongue is covered with a gray-white coating, after being cleansed of the coating, it resembles a scarlatinal "crimson tongue".

A rash on the skin appears on the 1-6th day of illness, more often between the 2nd and 4th day. The rash is punctate, abundant, located mainly on the flexor surface of the arms, the lateral parts of the body and on the abdomen in the area of ​​the inguinal folds. Along with a small punctate rash, small-spotted elements are sometimes observed, mainly around large joints (wrist, elbow, ankle), or hemorrhages in the form of separate points or stripes in natural skin folds and on the lateral surfaces of the chest. The rash disappears more often by the 5–7th day of illness, rarely remains until the 8–10th day. After its disappearance, lamellar peeling often appears.

Simultaneously with the blanching of the rash, the condition of the patients improves, the temperature decreases quite quickly.

The main differences from scarlet fever are the absence or lesser severity of sore throat and lymphadenitis typical of scarlet fever. The rash in pseudotuberculosis also differs from the punctate homogeneous scarlet fever by frequent polymorphism: along with the punctate, there is a punctate and papular rash. Pseudotuberculosis is characterized by a symptom of "gloves" and "socks" (limited hyperemia of the hands and feet), this is different from scarlet fever. Frequent changes in the digestive organs for pseudotuberculosis are also not characteristic of scarlet fever.

Clinically, the diagnosis is rarely established. It is usually confirmed by the results of laboratory tests (bacterial culture and detection of antibodies in RPHA).

Chicken pox

Rashes in chickenpox are represented by spots and vesicles (vesicles). The onset of the disease is acute. Older children and adults may have a headache and general malaise the day before the rash appears. But a small child does not notice such symptoms. Without disturbing the general condition, with an increase in body temperature (or even at normal temperature), a rash appears on the skin of various areas. The first bubbles usually appear on the scalp, face, but can also be on the trunk, limbs. There is no specific localization. There is usually no rash on the palms and soles. The development of varicella vesicles is very dynamic. First, red spots appear; in the next few hours, bubbles 3–5 mm in diameter filled with a clear liquid form on their base (they are often compared to a dew drop). They are single-chamber and fall off when punctured.

Vesicles are located on a non-infiltrated base, sometimes surrounded by a red rim. On the 2nd day, the surface of the bubble becomes lethargic, wrinkled, its center begins to sink.

In the following days, crusts form, which gradually (within 7-8 days) dry up and fall off, leaving no trace on the skin.

The polymorphism of the rash is characteristic: on a limited area of ​​​​the skin, spots, papules, vesicles and crusts can be seen at the same time. In the last days of the rash, the elements of the rash become smaller and often do not reach the stage of bubbles.

In children, mainly at an early age, a prodromal rash often occurs simultaneously or a few hours before the appearance of the first blisters on the skin. It usually accompanies a massive rash of typical vesicles. Sometimes it is just a general hyperemia of the skin, sometimes a very tender ephemeral eruption, sometimes a thick, bright, scarlet-like rash. It lasts 1-2 days and completely disappears.

On the mucous membranes, simultaneously with a rash, vesicles appear on the skin, which quickly soften, turning into an ulcer with a yellowish-gray bottom, surrounded by a red rim. More often it is 1-3 elements. Healing is fast.

Chickenpox can occur at normal or subfebrile temperature, but temperatures in the range of 38-38.5 ° C are more often observed.

The temperature reaches its maximum during the most intense precipitation of bubbles: with the cessation of the appearance of new elements, it decreases to normal. The general condition of patients in most cases is disturbed unsharply. The duration of the disease is 1.5–2 weeks.

The source of chickenpox are patients with chickenpox or shingles. The patient is dangerous from the beginning of the rash of bubbles and up to 5 days after the appearance of the last elements of the rash. After that, despite the presence of drying crusts, the patient is not contagious.

From the moment of infection, chickenpox appears between the 11th and 21st day. The patient is isolated at home until the 5th day, counting from the end of the rash.

Pulmonary tuberculosis

We must not forget about such a disease as tuberculosis. It is able to affect almost any organ or organ system. One form of tuberculosis is tuberculosis of the skin. There are several forms of this disease.

Papulo-necrotic tuberculides often accompany the generalization of tuberculosis. Nodules are formed up to a pea size of pale pink, and then brown in color with a central depression, which, after necrosis, heals with the formation of a whitish scar. Favorite localization - buttocks, outer surfaces of the upper and lower extremities; then - torso, face. The rash disappears within 6-8 weeks. Tuberculides should be differentiated from chickenpox (see above).

Lichenoid tuberculosis (lichen scrofula) usually occurs in children. On the skin of the trunk there are multiple, pinhead-sized, pale yellow or pale red nodules with slight peeling. Favorite localization - the skin of the back, chest, abdomen; elements are arranged in large groups. Disappear without a trace.

The disease often accompanies other forms of tuberculosis, outside of this the diagnosis is difficult, since the rashes are similar to those of lichen planus and other diseases.

Shingles

The varicella-zoster virus can also cause shingles. Shingles is more common in adults aged 40–70 years, who mostly had chickenpox earlier (usually in childhood). The incidence increases during the cold season.

The disease begins acutely, with a rise in temperature, symptoms of general intoxication and pronounced burning pains at the site of future rashes. After 3–4 days (sometimes after 10–12 days), a characteristic rash appears. Localization of pain and rash corresponds to the affected nerves (usually intercostal) and has a girdle character. Initially, infiltration and hyperemia of the skin occur, on which bubbles then appear in groups, filled with transparent, and then cloudy contents. The bubbles dry up and turn into crusts. When rashes appear, the pain usually becomes less intense.

A patient with shingles is isolated to avoid the spread of chicken pox.

In contrast to chickenpox, with shingles, the rash is monomorphic (only spots or only vesicles can be seen at the same time) and there are pronounced pains in the region of the intercostal nerves.

Rickettsiosis

A smallpox-like rash also occurs with a disease such as vesicular rickettsiosis. The infection is transmitted through a tick bite, it is possible to introduce the pathogen with the remnants of crushed ticks by the person himself into the skin or mucous membrane of the eyes and mouth. Sick people are not dangerous.

First, at the site of the bite, an ulcer is noted ranging in size from 2–3 mm to 1 cm, located on a dense base. The bottom of the ulcer is covered with a black-brown scab, around it is a corolla of bright red hyperemia.

Headache, chills, weakness, muscle pain appear. The fever usually lasts 5-7 days. The rash appears on the 2nd–4th day of fever, initially has a maculopapular character, after 1–2 days a vesicle appears in the center of most of the rash elements, then turns into a pustule with the formation of a crust (characteristic polymorphism of the rash). A rash in the form of individual elements is observed on the trunk, limbs, extends to the scalp. When infected through the mucous membranes, conjunctivitis and aphthous stomatitis can be observed.

Scabies

Vesicular and papulo-vesicular elements on the skin occur with scabies. Diagnosis is usually not difficult. The disease is accompanied by severe itching, especially at night. Itching causes scratching, usually complicated by a secondary infection. Scabies is caused by the scabies mite. Excessive sweating, skin contamination can contribute to the introduction of the tick upon contact with the patient or his belongings.

At the point where the tick entered under the skin, a bubble is visible. More often the rash looks like small red papules (like a poppy) or vesicles. The most common localization of the rash is the soles and palms, buttocks, flexor surfaces of the forearms, abdomen, inner thighs. With insufficient hygienic care, scabies is complicated by pyoderma and spreads throughout the skin. On the body of a patient with scabies, scabies are visible, which look like gray and curved lines.

Syphilis

Sometimes skin tuberculosis has to be differentiated from syphilis. In the absence of treatment of primary syphilis, a secondary period occurs, which is characterized by rashes on the skin and mucous membranes. The eruptive elements in this period are characterized by significant polymorphism: there may be roseola, papules, pustules, leukoderma.

It is important to know that even without treatment, these rashes sooner or later completely and usually disappear without a trace. However, the disappearance of the rash by no means means recovery, because the disease will soon manifest itself with a new outbreak of rashes (secondary recurrent syphilis).

Thus, the entire secondary period of syphilis proceeds cyclically, i.e., old rashes are replaced by latent ones. Throughout the entire period of the secondary period (up to 5–6 years), the same patient may have several similar relapses. If the patient at this stage is not treated or is treated inaccurately, then syphilis will move into its tertiary period.

The nature of the rash is somewhat different in the fresh secondary period from the recurrent one. So, with a fresh period, the roseolous rash is abundant, scattered over large areas of the body and does not merge, and with relapses, it is larger, but more often sparse, with a tendency to merge and group with the formation of arcs, semicircles, rings, etc. With late relapses and more in the malignant course of syphilis, a pustular (pustular) rash and leukoderma appear (whitish spots that form, as it were, a lace collar on the neck - the “necklace of Venus” - and differ in a smaller amount on the upper third of the body).

Diagnosis of syphilis consists of taking into account the anamnesis, clinical examination data and laboratory tests (RMP, RSK, RPHA, ELISA, RIF).

Clinical characteristics of rashes on the skin of an allergic nature

Various skin rashes occur not only in infectious diseases, but also in allergic conditions. Various clinical manifestations of allergic skin lesions develop as a result of the body's congenital hypersensitivity to allergens (drugs, foods, plants, etc.). Most often, the symptom complex of allergosis fits into the framework of dermatitis, urticaria, eczema.

Hives

This is a disease from the group of allergic dermatosis that occurs as a reaction in response to a wide variety of irritants (allergens). Appears from insect bites, contact with nettles, jellyfish, some caterpillars, as well as the development of individual hypersensitivity to a number of medicines (antibiotics, sulfonamides, amidopyrine, etc.), food products (chocolate, strawberries, strawberries, eggs, mushrooms, canned fish and etc.), when exposed to low and high temperatures, solar radiation, mechanical factors (compression, friction), gastrointestinal intoxication, etc.

Urticaria is expressed by the sudden appearance on the skin of multiple, intensely itchy blisters of a pinkish-purple hue, resembling blisters from a nettle burn. Their appearance is the result of an acute limited swelling of the skin due to an increase in the permeability of skin capillaries. The blisters have a different size, after merging they can take the form of rather large plaques with scalloped edges.

With extensive rashes on the mucous membrane, especially in the nasopharynx (angioedema), asthma attacks are possible, which forces the use of tracheotomy. Therefore, in such a situation, it is necessary to urgently hospitalize the child.

Eczema

The appearance of eczema, as well as urticaria, is associated with allergies.

Eczema has the appearance of rough, hardened red scaly patches. If the eczema is just starting or is mild, the patches are pale pink or pinkish beige. In severe eczema, the spots become dark red and itchy. Eczema gets wet.

As the inflammatory phenomena subside, the number of vesicles decreases, some of them dry out with the formation of crusts, and small pityriasis peeling appears on the affected areas. Due to the fact that eczema develops paroxysmal, all elements (vesicles, weeping, crusts and peeling) are observed simultaneously, which is the most characteristic symptom of eczema (evolutionary polymorphism). The disease is accompanied by severe itching. As a result of scratching, eczema is complicated by a secondary infection.

The most common localization of eczema is the rear of the hands and face. But the eczematous process tends to spread, in some patients it affects significant areas of the skin.

There is professional eczema, which occurs as a result of skin sensitization by various irritants: chemical, mechanical, physical. The predominant localization is on the back of the hands, forearm, face and neck. It differs from true eczema in less pronounced polymorphism, the absence of exacerbations and a quick cure when the corresponding irritant is eliminated.

Dermatitis

Allergosis also includes dermatitis, which often simulates eczema. But unlike eczema, dermatitis after the elimination of the cause of the disease usually regresses rather quickly and then completely disappears, and eczema is chronic, and relapses occur without regard to the original cause of the disease.

Dermatitis occurs under the influence of various factors (chemical, physical, thermal, herbal, medicinal and others). Especially often cause dermatitis alkalis, acids, varnishes, paints, organic solvents, glue, oils, turpentine, epoxy resins. Often the causes of dermatitis are antibiotics, sulfonamides, iodine, arsenic, some plants (primrose, ranunculus, geranium, sea ivy, etc.).

The process is accompanied by redness, swelling, itching, burning, sometimes even pain. In severe cases, as a result of severe exudation, blisters may appear, sometimes quite large, and with the addition of an infection, pyoderma.

Lichen planus

Lichen - skin diseases, manifested by patchy or nodular rashes. Depending on the nature of the elements, the corresponding name for lichen arose.

Lichen planus is a chronic allergic dermatosis. The clinic is characterized by flat crimson-red nodules of irregular shape with a central depression and a waxy sheen on the surface. The arrangement of the elements is scattered, but it can also be linear with a predominant appearance on the flexion surfaces of the upper limbs. Children often have exudative forms with the formation of vesicles and blisters. Along with papules, the formation of other atypical forms is also possible: annular, pigmented, atrophic. Simultaneously with rashes on the skin, the mucous membranes of the mouth and genitals are affected, where grayish-opal dotted papules are formed. The diagnosis is usually not difficult due to the peculiar appearance of papules and characteristic localization. But sometimes it is necessary to differentiate lichen planus from scrofulous lichen (see skin tuberculosis). Scrofulous lichen is represented by grouped nodules of normal skin color, located mainly on the lateral surfaces of the body in patients with a positive Mantoux reaction.

Neurodermatitis

Neurodermatitis also belongs to chronic recurrent allergic diseases with rashes. The causes of neurodermatitis are often helminthic invasions, the presence of foci of chronic infection, gastrointestinal disorders, hypersensitivity to drugs.

Neurodermatitis can be focal and diffuse.

Focal neurodermatitis is characterized by intense itching and the appearance of nodules, scratches and infiltrations, grouped into rounded foci and plaques with fuzzy borders of pinkish-stagnant or reddish-brown color with small-plate scales and pigmentation along the periphery. Favorite places of localizations are the lower part of the occiput, neck, anogenital region, inner thighs.

Diffuse neurodermatitis is localized on the face, lateral parts of the neck, in the elbows, in the popliteal cavities and on the skin of the trunk. Starting with severe itching of the skin, the process manifests itself with the manifestation of nodules, scratching and infiltrations covered with hemorrhagic crusts. Focal and diffuse neurodermatitis develop in individuals with vegetative-vascular dystonia and severe vasospasm of the skin, manifested by white dermographism, dry skin, roughness due to protruding follicles, and a peculiar grayish color. The course of neurodermatitis is seasonal. In the summer there is a significant improvement, in the autumn-winter and winter-spring periods - relapses.

Often, neurodermatitis is combined with other allergic manifestations (asthmatic bronchitis, vasomotor rhinitis, hay fever, etc.).

In children, especially infants, due to the hydrophilicity (high water content) of the skin, neurodermatitis during periods of exacerbation can occur with the appearance of exudative papules and vesicular elements, resembling eczema.

ringworm pink

Ringworm pink occurs as an allergic reaction to streptococcal antigen. Accompanied by malaise and fever.

After the previous prodromal period with low-grade fever, pain in the bones, joints, malaise on the skin of the trunk, face and extremities, patchy oval-shaped rashes form, resembling medallions in the nature of the erythematous surface with a yellowish center in the form of corrugated tissue paper. On closer examination, you can find a larger focus, the so-called maternal plaque, which appears first. The spots are clearly defined, sometimes with a peripheral edematous roller, and are located on the lateral surfaces of the body. Subjectively, there is a burning sensation and itching. In children, a feature of pink lichen is the presence of significant puffiness, polymorphism, manifested not only by spots, but also by papular and vesicular elements. The course of the disease is seasonal, more often in the autumn-winter and spring-winter periods. The duration of existence is 6-8 weeks with the development of pigmentation, slight peeling and strong immunity.

Skin rash treatment

Treatment of various skin rashes with traditional and non-traditional methods

Scuffs and bubbles

When only redness and more or less pronounced swelling of the skin are noted, warm baths with potassium permanganate are recommended, followed by lubrication with fucorcin.

Dermatovenereologists are of the opinion that large blisters should be opened. Removal (cutting) of the tire is carried out after its preliminary treatment with alcohol or tincture of iodine. Sterile scissors are used, which are best boiled for this. The surfaces exposed after cutting the tire are lubricated with a 1% aqueous solution of one of the aniline dyes or fucorcin, and then disinfecting and epithelizing ointments are applied.

It is necessary to open a large bubble, especially located at friction or stressed points, for a number of reasons. First, they can grow further, swell like balls, if the traumatization of adjacent tissues continues. Naturally, the healing of the resulting tissue defect will be longer. Secondly, the pressure in its cavity, which increases as the bladder increases, will contribute to the penetration of microorganisms located on the skin into the regional lymph nodes. In this case, lymphangitis and regional lymphadenitis (inflammation of the lymphatic vessels and nodes) occur. The skin over the lymph node turns red, becomes swollen and painful, and the temperature may rise.

If streptococcus penetrates the skin itself (dermis), erysipelas develops. The disease is extremely serious, in this case, the urgent participation of a doctor is required. In a patient with erysipelas, the temperature rises to 40 ° C and above. At the site of penetration of streptococcus, there is a sharp edema and bright erythema, against which blisters form. In the event of a recurrence, erysipelas can lead to a persistent violation of the lymphatic circulation, the difficulty of trophic provision of tissues.

Small bubbles can not be opened. In this case, they should be pierced with a sterile needle, also having previously cleaned the surface with alcohol or tincture of iodine. Through the hole formed, the liquid must be removed. In this case, the bladder cover (layers of the epidermis) will be a natural bandage that will protect damaged skin from infection.

By the way, under your own epidermis, the healing of the resulting tissue defect will be much faster.

After opening (or puncturing) the bladder, it is bandaged using a cloth adhesive plaster or gauze napkins fixed with adhesive tape. The pre-damaged skin surface is covered with aniline dyes (for example, brilliant green), antibiotic ointment (erythromycin, polymyxin, gentamicin, tetracycline) or phytopreparations (ointment with calendula, arnica, eucalyptus, Kalanchoe, immortelle). A wet dressing should be replaced, as it irritates the skin and is likely to be infected. Dry bandage can be left unchanged for 2 days.

Small and tiny breaks in the skin (cracks, abrasions), which often form in the area of ​​the lips, corners of the mouth, on the fingers and nipples of the chest, quickly heal if they are smeared with calendula ointment. You can use other drugs with antiseptic properties: tinctures of eucalyptus, sophora, chamomile (rotokan) and mint. These preparations treat the skin around the rashes 2-3 times a day.

You can avoid the appearance of blisters in the area of ​​rubbing parts of the body (within large folds, on the heels) using powders, starch or petroleum jelly. It is recommended to apply special foot creams. This must be remembered when going on a hike, a long walk or before a sporting event.

blisters

In acute urticaria with the appearance of itchy blisters, when the skin is as if burned by nettles, it is necessary first of all to cleanse the stomach and intestines. To do this, it is necessary to take laxatives (for example, a 25% solution of magnesium sulfate, 10-15 ml 3-5 times a day until a laxative effect is obtained), as well as enterosorbents. To relieve itching, it is recommended to take antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine, suprastin, pipolfen, diazolin, fenkarol, tavegil.

Suspected food allergens, spicy, spicy dishes and tonic drinks are excluded from the diet. Limit the intake of table salt. Preference is given to dairy and vegetable products (it is better to use acidophilus milk, cottage cheese, yogurt). Antipruritic substances are applied externally - 1–2% menthol ointment, table vinegar diluted in water (1: 3), 1–4% citric acid solution.

calluses

Fresh corns are softened by daily warm baths with the addition of soap powder, baking soda and borax to the water. After the bath, the softened skin of the callus is scraped off with a blunt knife blade or pumice stone. The rest of the corn is smeared with collodion containing salicylic and lactic acids. The mixture is applied to the corn for three consecutive evenings, then after a hot bath, the horny layers are easily removed completely. For the durability of the effect, these procedures are repeated several times.

The use of a lead patch in half with salicylic acid is shown.

Effective is the use of a corn patch. Only the corn should be lubricated with collodion or corn plaster, and the surrounding skin should be protected with zinc ointment or petroleum jelly.

Arievich's ointment is successfully used, which is applied for 48 hours under compress paper (healthy skin is protected by applying an indifferent paste). Then, after a bath with potassium permanganate, the exfoliated epidermis is cleaned off. If necessary, repeat the procedure. A compress bandage gives a deeper and stronger keratolytic effect.

There are reports of positive results of subcutaneous administration of a 1% solution of novocaine with adrenaline (2-3 drops of adrenaline 1: 1000 per 20 ml of novocaine solution).

Keratolytic agents are often recommended to help soften and shed the stratum corneum. 10–20% acids are used - salicylic acid in the composition of ointments, varnishes, plasters (salicylic corn patch "Salipod"), corn liquid. To enhance the keratolytic effect, lactic (5–20%) or benzoic (5–15%) acids are added to the ointment with salicylic acid. Keratolytic effect is exerted by Ureaplast ointment (contains 30% urea), 5-10% ointment with resorcinol.

In order to avoid recurrence, it is advisable to lubricate the exposed base of the corn with carbolic acid or sprinkle with silver nitrate.

With long-term calluses, which usually do not respond to keratolytic agents, it is more expedient to use cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen. Cryotherapy is carried out in a cosmetology clinic. First, the keratinized layers are carefully removed. Depending on the size, nature and location of the callus, the time of application with liquid nitrogen ranges from 30-40 seconds to 1-2 minutes. As a rule, during this period, a white corolla 0.5 to 1 cm wide forms around the corn.

In stubborn cases, they resort to diathermocoagulation or removal of corns with a drill.

With multiple corns, Bucca's rays are effective, X-ray therapy is performed.

Simultaneously with local treatment, vitamins A and E are prescribed, as well as medicinal plants rich in them (for example, sea buckthorn is recommended in the form of juice, infusion of fruits and leaves 20: 200, 0.5 cup 3 times a day). The source products of vitamin A are found in a fairly large amount in carrots, pumpkins, cabbage, tomatoes, green peas, buckwheat, cherries, blackberries, gooseberries, currants, apricots, parsley leaves, spinach, lettuce, sorrel.

With painful cracks in calloused areas, vinylin, solcoseryl, ointments with the addition of retinol and 2% salicylic acid are prescribed.

In some cases, the issue of rational employment is being addressed.

Avoid wearing tight or uncomfortable shoes, get regular pedicures, and treat sweaty feet to prevent blisters.

Treatment of skin rashes in infectious diseases by traditional and non-traditional methods

Rubella

Treatment for rubella is usually not required, according to indications, antipyretic, desensitizing agents, and vitamins are used. The patient needs bed rest, plenty of fluids. The elements of the rash do not need to be processed.

Patients with rubella must be isolated until the 5th day after the rash.

Measles

Measles can be prevented or alleviated if gamma globulin is administered on time. This is especially necessary for a child under 3-4 years old, because at this age complications are most frequent and serious. Gamma globulin is also administered to an older child, if required.

The action of gamma globulin lasts about 2 weeks, sometimes a little more.

Patients with measles are treated at home. Patients with complicated measles should be hospitalized. During the febrile period, bed rest is recommended. The bunk is placed with the head end to the window so that the light does not enter the eyes.

Medical treatment of uncomplicated measles is either not available or very limited.

The eyes should be washed with a solution of boric acid, and a 20% solution of sodium sulfacyl should be instilled 3-4 times a day, it is better not to wet the face while the rash persists. It is useful to rinse the throat with a decoction of sage or chamomile.

When peeling begins, it is good to take warm baths (35 ° C), and add bran decoction to the bath, which greatly facilitates peeling.

With a strong cough, an infusion of marshmallow root and other expectorants are given.

The patient is given a large amount of liquid, fruit juices, vitamins.

Recovery from measles is slow. Within a few weeks, weakness, fatigue, irritability may remain.

The patient ceases to be contagious one week after the onset of the rash.

Enteroviral infection

There is no specific treatment. Bed rest, rest, warmth are very important, especially in the first days of illness. At elevated body temperature give a cool drink, apply cold on the head.

The patient is isolated for 14 days. Those in contact with the sick person are monitored for 14 days after the end of contact.

Scarlet fever

Antibiotic therapy is the cornerstone of treatment of patients with scarlet fever. Course duration - 5-7 days. The most effective is penicillin.

With intolerance to this drug, you can give erythromycin, tetracycline in age doses.

For the first 5-6 days, patients should observe bed rest. Vitamins are prescribed.

Patients with scarlet fever are isolated at home or in a hospital for 10 days from the onset of the disease. To alleviate the patient's condition, he is given a plentiful cool drink for hyperthermia, alcohol compresses are made on the neck area, a 3% solution of boric acid is instilled for pain in the ears, and a compress is made on the ear with warm camphor oil.

The rash does not need to be treated. During peeling, the patient is given warm baths 3-4 times a week, adding bran decoction to the bath to facilitate peeling.

Scarlet fever has similar clinical features with measles, rubella, and pseudotuberculosis (Far East scarlet fever).

Pseudotuberculosis

Most often, patients are treated in a hospital.

With pseudotuberculosis, levomycetin is most effective. It is prescribed in the usual therapeutic doses for 2 weeks.

Chicken pox

There is no specific and etiotropic treatment; bed rest is recommended. It is necessary to monitor the cleanliness of bed and underwear, the cleanliness of hands. The elements of the rash are smeared with a 5% solution of brilliant green.

The blisters usually itch. Itching can be partially eliminated with a warm bath in which soda or starch is dissolved (1 cup for a small bath and 2 cups for a large one). Use only soluble starch. The child is placed in a bath for 10 minutes 2-3 times a day.

It is impossible to tear off the crusts from the dried vesicles, as it is possible to introduce an infection into them, which causes purulent complications. In severe forms of chickenpox, hospitalization is indicated.

Shingles

Since the disease occurs against the background of reduced immunity, it is necessary to inject normal human immunoglobulin intramuscularly in the first days of the disease at a dose of 5–10 ml. A single injection is sufficient. Drugs that inhibit immunogenesis (hormones, cytostatics) should be discontinued. Antibiotics are prescribed only when secondary bacterial complications occur. Assign antipyretics, vitamins. Herpetic eruptions are treated with a 1% solution of methylene blue or brilliant green.

Scabies

For treatment, the skin is treated with a 20% benzyl benzoate emulsion (2 consecutive rubbings of 10 minutes each with a 10-minute break with a change of linen) for 2 days in a row. On the 5th day - shower, change of linen.

In the absence of benzyl benzoate, treatment can be carried out with a 33% sulfuric ointment, which is rubbed daily for 5 days with a cloth into the skin of the trunk, arms and legs. On the 7th day of treatment - washing and changing clothes.

Treatment according to the Demyanovich method is also effective: a 60% solution of sodium thiosulfate is rubbed into the skin 3-4 times in a row after a few minutes, after which it is treated with a 6% solution of hydrochloric acid (2-3 times). It should be borne in mind that these agents can cause dermatitis. At the end of the treatment, it is necessary to carry out the final disinfection in the apartment, process the bedding in the disinfection chambers, boil the linen and iron it with a hot iron.

Rickettsiosis

For treatment, antibiotics (tetracycline, chloramphenicol) are prescribed in age dosages, vitamins, antihistamines, and plenty of fluids.

Lupus

Treatment is based on the use of anti-tuberculosis drugs. At the same time, multivitamins, antihistamines (diphenhydramine, tavegil, etc.), calcium pantothenate and vitamin D are prescribed for several months. The conditions of work and rest, sanatorium treatment are of great importance. Local treatment is usually not carried out.

Syphilis

Patients with active manifestations of syphilis are treated, as a rule, in a specialized venereal dispensary, and patients with latent syphilis can be treated on an outpatient basis by a venereologist. Self-medication is unacceptable and even dangerous.

Treatment of skin rashes of an allergic nature by traditional and non-traditional methods

Hives

Urticaria is often recurrent.

If you suspect the food origin of urticaria, you need to make a cleansing enema, take a laxative (magnesium sulfate, etc.), take antihistamines (diphenhydramine, suprastin, tavegil, diazolin, etc.). Patients are transferred to a dairy-vegetarian diet with salt restriction if there is no allergy to these products. You should try to establish the allergen and in the future to exclude contact with it.

Locally apply cold lotions, zinc oil, water-zinc paste, ointments and creams with corticosteroid hormones such as prednisolone, hydrocortisone, flucinar. A home remedy for itchy hives is a hot bath to which baking soda is added. To do this, dissolve 1 cup of baking soda in a basin of water. Good compresses with burdock leaves, fresh or dried. To relieve and reduce itching, infusion and decoctions of a series of tripartite, birch, dioica nettle, and horsetail are also used.

Eczema

Treatment of eczema is staged, taking into account the stage of the process, the location and nature of the rash, the patient's age, and the cause of the disease.

In the acute period with severe weeping, the following is prescribed:

1) cold lotions from lead water;

2) 2% solution of boric acid;

3) 1–2% resorcinol solution;

4) wet-drying dressings with a solution of furacilin;

5) ethacridine-lactate (rivanol), silver nitrate;

6) oil suspensions (talkers) are effective, especially in open areas of the skin;

7) to eliminate wetting, pastes, ointments and creams containing tar, sulfur, naftalan, dermaton, bismuth nitrate, etc. are used.

In the absence of wetting, agitated suspensions are used, the best of all is the so-called zinc oil (zinc oxide - 30 g, boric acid - 1 g, sunflower oil - 70 g).

Along with drug treatment, physiotherapeutic procedures are prescribed:

1) ultraviolet irradiation;

2) inductothermy of paravertebral and lumbar parasympathetic ganglia;

3) baths with sea salt, oxygen, sulfide, radon, etc. are often used. Only a physiotherapist can prescribe the correct physiotherapy treatment.

Phytotherapy (herbal treatment) can be used to treat eczema.

To relieve or reduce itching, infusion and decoctions of a series of tripartite nettles are used. Exudative phenomena in the acute stage of the disease decrease or disappear with the appointment of lotions with a decoction of oak bark, St. John's wort, peppermint, etc.

Medicinal baths are effective, especially in chronic forms of the disease. For baths, a collection of 100-300 g per 4-5 liters of water is prepared. The collection includes a string, chamomile, medicinal valerian, sage, celandine, St. John's wort. This mixture of medicinal plants is poured with boiling water, infused for 30–40 minutes, filtered and poured into a bath. The temperature of the water in the bath should be within 36–38 ° C, the duration of the procedure should be 10–20 minutes, depending on the patient's condition, the form and stage of the disease.

Among the ointment forms containing herbal preparations, carophilic ointment, sanguirythrine liniment, tar (especially birch) in various concentrations (5–15%), etc., give a certain effect.

For secondary prevention of eczema, patients are recommended anti-relapse treatment (in autumn, spring). A preventive course of therapy should also include phytotherapeutic methods of treatment (decoctions or infusions of medicinal plants for internal use, for baths), restorative and stimulating agents.

Given the frequent relationship of the eczematous process with functional disorders of the digestive tract and liver diseases, an infusion or decoction of herbal preparations, including leaves of sage, plantain, nettle, licorice root, wormwood herb, St. John's wort, is prescribed inside.

Lichen planus

Treatment of lichen planus begins with the sanitation of foci of chronic infection. At the same time, antihistamines are used (diazolin, pipolfen, diphenhydramine, etc.), B vitamins, especially B 2, B 6, nicotinic, ascorbic acids, rutin. In cases of an acute progressive course of the process, broad-spectrum antibiotics, corticosteroids in age doses are prescribed.

pink lichen

Treatment is carried out with broad-spectrum antibiotics in combination with antihistamines such as diphenhydramine, suprastin, and calcium compounds. Externally, corticosteroid ointments with antibiotics are used (hyoxysone, oxycort, lorinden C, locacorten).

Dermatitis

With the manifestation of dermatitis, it is necessary to eliminate the immediate cause of dermatitis. The patient is given plenty of fluids, laxatives (magnesium sulfate, etc.), as well as desensitizing and antihistamines (diphenhydramine, pipolfen, diazolin, tavegil, suprastin, etc.). At the same time, zinc oil, cooling lotions, glucocorticosteroid creams, and ointments are applied to the affected skin. The diet during treatment is mainly lacto-vegetarian.

Neurodermatitis

Treatment of neurodermatitis should be directed to the cause or concomitant diseases that worsen the course of neurodermatitis. Showing antihistamines, tranquilizers (elenium, seduxen, bromine, valerian), corticosteroids in low doses, plasma transfusion. It is necessary to follow a diet with restriction of carbohydrates, salt, fasting days. Topically used glucocorticosteroid ointments (prednisolone, sinalar, flucinar), antipruritic agents containing menthol, anestezin, diphenhydramine. Vitamins A, E, B 12, B 2, B 6 are prescribed inside.

In the prevention of neurodermatitis, constant attention should also be paid to rational nutrition, the exclusion of food allergens, the sanitation of foci of infection, the exclusion of household allergens (house dust, animal hair, household chemicals).

A skin rash is especially a concern when accompanied by itching or is very noticeable. A lot of people, without understanding the reasons, stop at treatment with folk methods, which can sometimes worsen the situation.

When wondering what causes a rash, most people end up with home remedies, which can sometimes make things worse.

The reasons

Common causes of body rash include:

Disorders of the digestive system

The main ones include celiac disease, liver disease, anemia caused by iron deficiency, and kidney problems. This type of rash is thought to be caused by a buildup of substances in the body that cause the immune system to react.

Acne (acne) is often associated with disorders in the digestive system, especially the liver Petechiae (spots due to damaged capillaries) on pale skin can indicate anemia Urticaria may appear with hepatitis, although it often has other causes (reaction to the sun, allergies, stress)

Allergic reaction to medications

Allergic reactions to medications are common. Among them there are both medicines for oral administration and external ones - antifungal agents such as Fluconazole, Ketoconazole; antibiotics such as penicillin; and some pain relievers such as any oxycodone or duloxetine. Chemotherapy drugs can also cause a rash.

Crayfish

It affects the immune system, especially leukemia and lymphoma, and can cause a characteristic rash. Individuals with leukemia often have small red patches on their skin, caused by blood leaking from capillaries that are just under the skin.

Lymphoma:

Similar acne can occur with lymphoma

Red bumpy rash in skin lymphoma

Leukemia:

Small red rash in leukemia

Thyroid disorders

If the thyroid gland produces too much hormone, it can lead to bumpy rashes that spread throughout the body. Fortunately, the body in such cases triggers specific processes of the immune system to restore the balance of hormones.

Severe dry skin may be associated with hypothyroidism

Pretibial myxedema develops in 2% of patients with Graves' disease

Vitiligo (light discolored spots) can occur against the background of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis, especially if alopecia areata is manifested in this case - hair loss in places. But in most cases, vitiligo has nothing to do with the thyroid gland.

Household skin irritants

For more information about these and other types of rashes on the body, see the section where you will find more photos and descriptions.

The child has

The sensitive skin of babies reacts sharply to various irritants, so rashes in children are not uncommon. Some of the reasons for such situations include:

• Baby acne (neonatal cephalic pustulosis)
• Prickly heat
• Eczema
• Toxic erythema
• Impetigo
• Miles in newborns
• Intertrigo
• Ringworm
• Scabies
• Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)

Itchy rash on the body at night

There is a wide range of dermatological conditions that can cause itching at night. Most often this is due to xerosis - abnormal dryness of the skin.

Note: If itching becomes chronic or is accompanied by a rash, inflammation, or scaling, the cause may be an underlying condition that only a qualified dermatologist can detect and treat.

Some causes of itching at night:

• Allergic dermatitis
• Bed bugs
• Systemic diseases

At menopause

Menopause is a period of natural decline in reproductive and menstrual functions. This leads to changes in hormone levels in the body. The amount of progesterone and estrogen gradually decreases, which leads to the appearance of a rash on the body.

Estrogen levels affect all organs, including the skin. The presence of a large number of estrogen receptors on the face, genitals and lower extremities is the main reason why these areas are most prone to rashes.

During menopause, collagen levels decrease, causing the skin to become thin, loose, and flabby. In addition, the function of the sebaceous glands is weakened, as a result, dry skin, prone to itching and rashes.

Itchy, red rash on buttocks

Sometimes redness and irritation appears on the buttocks or in the anus. In this case, do not postpone going to the doctor. Here are some reasons for this condition:

Herpes or STDs (sexually transmitted diseases)

“Quite often, herpes affects the anus. In this case, the symptoms will be the same as with oral or genital herpes,” says Sarika M. Ramachandran, MD, assistant professor of dermatology at NYU Langone Medical Center.

fungal infection

Mushrooms live and breed in damp, dark places, so the place between the buttocks is an ideal environment for them.

Folliculitis

When the hair follicle is blocked by dead skin cells and bacteria, inflammation occurs, which is called folliculitis. Despite the unsightly appearance, the disease itself is not dangerous. In order to prevent the development of folliculitis, it is recommended to take a shower after each exercise.

Psoriasis

It is a chronic, non-contagious skin condition caused by an overproduction of skin cells. Psoriasis needs to be treated with steroid creams, so if you suspect psoriasis, you should visit your dermatologist.

During pregnancy

A large number of different types of rashes can appear on the female body during pregnancy due to natural hormonal changes. Rashes may differ in their symptoms, but, in general, they are not dangerous, and do not harm the health of the unborn child.

These eruptions include:

• Itchy folliculitis in pregnancy
• Impetigo herpetiformis
• Gestational pemphigoid
• Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PPUPP)

Treatment

• Use mild, gentle, fragrance-free cleansers.

Skin rashes appear as a sudden phenomenon on the skin in any area of ​​the body. The rash is characterized by skin changes, redness or blanching, and itching. A symptom can form as a local reaction to external provoking factors, or it can manifest itself as a sign of the development of a pathological process. There are quite a lot of diseases that manifest themselves in the form of skin rashes, therefore the etiology of the symptom is diverse.

Etiology

Rashes on the skin in adults and in a child can be formed under the influence of such factors:

• infections;
• allergy;
• disease of the blood and blood vessels.

The most common cause of the appearance of a symptom is an infectious infection. Doctors refer to such diseases -, etc. These diseases manifest themselves in a characteristic rash, which is accompanied, in the head, throat and abdomen, and a violation of the stool.

Allergic skin rashes are also often diagnosed by doctors. This form of symptom development can be recognized by the absence of signs of infection, as well as contact with the allergen. Very often, a similar reaction on the body can be noticed by the parents of the child. Provoking factors are food, animals, chemicals, drugs.

In case of violation of blood circulation and vascular disease, the patient may experience a rash for such reasons:

• decrease in the number or impaired functionality of platelets;
• impaired vascular permeability.

Sometimes a symptom develops in non-communicable diseases, these include:

• senile keratoma;
• chloasma;
• flat warts;
• intertrigo;

Rashes on the skin are formed with liver disease. If the organ malfunctions, the patient's skin tone changes, and a rash appears.

Characteristic red rashes can be from insect bites, acne, psoriasis, fungal diseases and scabies. Also, redness on the skin can be caused by prickly heat.

Classification

Clinicians have determined that the types of rashes can be such manifestations:

• spots - there are red, brown, white maculae;
• blisters - appear in a dense and rough formation on the skin;
• papules - an element that looks like nodules in the thickness of the skin;
• bubbles - they can be large and small, are formed in the cavity of the skin with a clear liquid;
• erosion and ulcers - during the formation, the integrity of the skin is violated;
• crusts - appear on the site of former blisters, pustules, ulcers.

All of these types of rashes on the body are divided into primary and secondary. The first type includes nodules, blisters, abscesses, blisters. And the second group of varieties of rash is the appearance of peeling, erosion, abrasions, crusts.

Symptoms

If skin rashes in children and adults have formed against the background of a deterioration in the functioning of the liver, then characteristic symptoms may indicate this:

• yellow tint of the skin;
• fetid smell;
• strong sweating;
• pain in the liver area;
• itchy rashes on the body;
• sharp weight loss;
• broken stool;
• brown color of the tongue;
• bitter taste in the mouth;
• the appearance of cracks in the tongue;
• venous pattern on the abdomen.

If the cause was infectious diseases, then a person's skin rashes can begin on the skin of the hands, move to the face, legs, and the whole body is gradually affected. With rubella, the patient first overcomes the rash on the face and spreads throughout the skin. The first foci of inflammation are localized in places where the surface of the limbs most often bends, near the joints, on the back and buttocks. All rashes can be of different shades - pink, red, pale, brown.

Infectious pathologies often manifest themselves not only in a rash, but also in other signs. You can establish the disease in more detail according to the following clinical picture:

• elevated temperature;
• malaise;
• pain attacks;
• certain areas on the patient's body become inflamed, for example, eyes, tonsils, etc.;
• may be ;
• frequent heartbeat;
• burning.

Rashes on the skin in the form of red spots are characteristic of the development of such infectious diseases - chickenpox, rubella, measles, scarlet fever.

Diagnostics

If any manifestations of the above symptoms are detected, the patient should urgently seek the help of a doctor. You can consult about rashes on the skin at,. After an initial physical examination and a minimal examination, the doctor refers the patient to another specialist if the cause of the disease is not inflammation, allergies, or infection.

Treatment

Treatment of allergic skin rashes is prescribed by the doctor only after the diagnosis has been made. Therapy is based on the elimination of the etiological factor, therefore, appropriate drugs must be selected.

If a person has a rash from mechanical damage or from prickly heat, then there is nothing wrong with such a manifestation. At home, you can anoint the inflamed area with cream or oil to slightly relieve swelling and itching. Over time, the symptom will disappear. Also at home, you can eliminate the symptoms of the disease with such advice from doctors:

• wear things made of natural cotton so that there is no irritation;
• wash the body with baby soap or shower gel;
• exclude from life all things that can cause a rash on the skin.

If the symptoms are more pronounced in the patient, have characteristic indicators, cause discomfort to the patient, then a consultation with a dermatologist is necessary.

If the appearance of the disease was an allergy, then it is important for the doctor to identify this allergen with the help of a sample, and then prescribe treatment. The patient must definitely move away from this item or remove the product from the diet. You can also cure such a symptom with antihistamine ointments and tablets.

If an external sign, namely a rash, has developed from a virus, and the symptoms of the disease are supplemented by fever, then the patient can be given antipyretic drugs. In case of complications of the disease, antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed.

Definition of skin rash in adults

All diseases known to modern medicine are directly related to changes in the human skin. Most often, these changes are associated with a rash. This is not surprising, since the skin is considered the largest organ in the human body. Any pathological processes occurring in the body are instantly reflected on the human skin. Fortunately, there are few diseases associated with skin diseases. But, all the same, only a specialist doctor can make a correct diagnosis when examining a sick person.

Different types of rash can be distinguished from each other by the order or speed of the rash, the location, the absence or presence of itching, and the color of the rash itself.

Skin rash that occurs most often:

1. Blisters are a type of rash, the elements of which are raised above the level of healthy skin. The blisters have a rough, dense surface.
2. Blisters are cavities in the skin that are filled with a clear liquid substance. Such blisters are divided into large bullae and small vesicles.
3. Spots (maniculae) - a rash that is located at the level of healthy skin and does not rise above it. The spots are divided according to color criteria. Brown spots are areas of skin with limited pigmentation. The red spots are roseola and the white spots are called vitiligo. Bleeding into the skin can also cause spots. Such spots are divided depending on their size: into ecchymosis (hemorrhage more than 1 centimeter); hematomas occur with a large accumulation of blood and petechiae (very small hemorrhages that are only a few centimeters in size).
4. Papules are a rash similar to nodules that are found in the thickness of the skin. Such a nodule is a solid formation up to 5 millimeters in size without an internal cavity.
5. A pustule is a bladder with purulent contents.
6. Crusts - appear in places where pustules, erosions, blisters and ulcers used to be. The formation of such crusts indicates that the element of the rash is passing, and the patient will soon recover.
7. Ulcers and erosions. Elements of different depth and size that violate the integrity of the skin and also have cloudy or transparent contents with an unpleasant odor or odorless.

The most frequent rashes on the skin will be described below, according to the appearance of which, it is possible to immediately determine the disease caused by the rash.

Skin rash due to infection

Not very contagious, fungal disease of the skin, the cause of which is considered excessive sweating. At the beginning of the disease, brown-yellow dots are formed on the skin, located in the place of the hair follicles. After that, yellowish-brown spots with scalloped clear edges appear in these places. Such spots are 1 cm or more in size and have a surface that is covered with bran-like scales.

With this disease, a skin rash appears in the secondary period of syphilis. Such a rash has a variety in the elements according to their location and quantity. Syphilitic rashes do not bring painful sensations, moreover, they disappear without a trace. When the secondary period of the disease begins, a rash appears on the patient's body in the form of spots. Such spots are symmetrical, bright and abundant. The rash disappears after 2 months, without treatment on its own. After some time, the patient pours out again. This time, the rash is not so abundant, more faded, and it is located in those places where the skin has undergone trauma. The most characteristic places for such a rash are the groin, on the outside of the forearm and shoulder, between the buttocks and under the mammary glands.

Located on the feet and hands. Warts have the appearance of small, multiple, dense nodules with clearly defined gray papules and a rough surface.

Shiny and smooth translucent nodules with some depression in the very center of the nodule. Such a rash has a size of 2 to 7 millimeters and is grayish yellow or pink in color. If you press such a knot, then a mushy whitish mass can stand out from it.

It manifests itself in the form of transparent, small, tightly adjacent bubbles that have a hemispherical shape and are located on the skin of the lips and face. The skin becomes reddened and swollen. After a few days, the substance in the blisters begins to become cloudy, after which the blisters dry up and form dense yellow-grayish or dark brown crusts, which are very tightly attached to the skin.

One of the most common fungal diseases, which is localized on the skin of the feet. At the very beginning, the elements of the rash are formed in the third and fourth interdigital spaces. The rash manifests itself in the form of erosions, blisters, peeling and keratinized skin. If left untreated, this disease affects the entire skin of the foot.

It appears as single blisters, medium in size, which are located in the chest or back. After 2-3 days, the blisters begin to dry out and form yellow crusts. In these places, areas with hyperpigmentation of the skin appear.

With this disease, groups of transparent bubbles with a diameter of 0.5 centimeters appear on the lower back, nape, shoulder, abdomen, chest. The patient feels pain, sensitivity is disturbed. When the bubbles dry up and the crusts fall off, scars and hyperpigmentation of the skin remain in these places.

Small pustules of 3-4 mm appear on the skin, which contain thick grayish-white pus. The pustules are pierced with hair and a reddish border is visible along the edge. Such a rash is located on the face, extensor surfaces of the limbs and on the scalp. After 3 or 5 days, the pustules dry out and form a yellow-brown crust. After the crust falls off, peeling and pigmentation of the skin remain in this place.

At the very beginning of the disease, an oval red-pink spot is located on the skin of the chest or back, which peels off in the center. Later, blisters, papules and spots are poured out on the skin of the entire trunk and limbs, which are symmetrically located.

It manifests itself in the form of nodules, which are arranged in groups in one line, also in garlands, rings, and lines with a symmetrical rash. The rash occurs on the genitals, trunk and inner surface of the legs and arms. The rash causes itching.

Small papules, vesicles and blisters appear on the skin. Such elements are formed in those places where the pathogen was introduced. There are also scabies that resemble a gray - white line measuring 1 centimeter in length and with a bubble at the end. The rash causes severe itching, which intensifies in the evening and at night. Most often, scabies appears on the feet, hands and wrists.

Such a rash in appearance looks like a wart. They are located on the perineum, on the penis, on the outer surface of the labia.

Warts can merge and form growths that resemble cauliflower. Sometimes the surface of such a rash becomes red or pigmented.

It is located in the region of the inguinal folds. At the beginning of the disease, superficial small pustules and vesicles appear, which, when opened, can form brown-red, wet erosions that can merge into one. Small cracks and a white mushy mass appear on the folds of the skin.

Skin lesions in the region of the inguinal folds and in other places. The rash has an infectious fungal nature and appears on the skin in the form of small round-shaped spots, with clear edges, with a smooth surface, pink in color. After a while, these spots merge into one large focus, which has scalloped edges. The edges of this formation are covered with bubbles, erosions, crusts and scales.

Skin rash that is not associated with infections

Changes in the skin that affect mainly those areas of the skin that have a lot of sebaceous glands. These areas include: the scalp, head, face and skin folds. Reddish-yellow spots and papules with clear edges appear on the skin, of different sizes. The surface of the rash is greasy and flaky, wet, sticky cracks and crusts form in the skin folds.

Severe rheumatological systemic disease in which skin changes are located on open areas of the skin in the upper chest, on the face, in the auricles and on the neck. The skin on the cheeks and on the nose especially changes, and such a rash looks like a butterfly with open wings. The affected skin acquires a pink color, slight swelling and spots, which eventually begin to increase and small grayish-white dense scales appear on them. After some time, such a focus turns into a dense plaque, with white spots of cicatricial atrophy on it.

Skin cancer of a malignant nature, manifests itself in the form of a rash slightly elevated above the level of the skin, which is brown in color, with multiple black and grayish-pink blotches. Such a rash has irregularly shaped edges with reddened edges and is 2 to 3 millimeters in size.

Represents areas of skin with hyperpigmentation having a brownish color. This rash appears on the skin of the cheeks and forehead. Often, chloasma appears in pregnant women and patients who suffer from ovarian, liver and hormonal failure.

Such a rash looks like brown or yellow spots, which over time can increase in size and become covered with a greasy crust. at first, such a crust is removed without problems, but after a while, it becomes thick, dark, dense and cracked. Such a rash spreads to closed areas of the skin.

Appears on the skin, in the form of depigmented, that is, white spots that have a different shape and size. Sometimes the spots merge with each other and areas with increased pigmentation form around them.

They look like nodules that are localized on the forearms, face, hands and lips. Such warts have a smooth surface, they are small, multiple and have the color of healthy skin.

Acne is divided into such varieties as: pustules, papules, cysts, nodes and comedones. The place of their localization is the face and torso. After acne heals, it leaves scars behind.

Rounded blisters appear on the skin, which cause itching. These blisters vary in size and are pale red in color with a pinkish border around the edge of the blisters, the center of the wheal is a matte shade. Sometimes these blisters merge with each other.

They appear on those areas of the skin that are often exposed to direct sunlight. Such a rash looks like multiple foci that have keratinization in the form of a dry gray crust.

It looks like severe swelling and redness of the skin on the nose, forehead, neck. Against the background of this redness, a lot of pustules, blackheads and nodules appear.

At the very beginning of the disease, bright red papules appear on the patient's skin, which are covered with silvery scales in large numbers. After some time, these papules increase, they begin to merge with each other and form plaques of different sizes and shapes, which are located symmetrically with respect to each other, the very first elements of the rash appear on the scalp and on the extensor surfaces of large joints.

Such a disease is characteristic of people who have an increased sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation. The clinical picture is the formation of blisters on those areas of the skin where ultraviolet enters. Such a rash is formed mainly only after the patient has been under the sun's rays.

Appear as a result of pressure or friction on the skin. This disease is characterized by reddening of the skin or, in rare cases, erosions, blistering, and sometimes ulceration.

This disease is a type of mechanical dermatitis that occurs due to excessive sweating in such skin folds as: the groin, between the buttocks and under the breasts. In these places, swelling, redness and erosion appear. The patient feels a burning sensation and itching.

The skin turns red, and papules, spots and blisters form on its background, which can have a different color, size and shape. Very often, a symmetrical arrangement of the rash can be observed. After the elements disappear, areas with hyperpigmentation remain in their place.

Few people know that the skin is the largest human organ. It often happens that after any disease, the symptoms appear on the skin in the form of various rashes and inflammations. Any symptom of this requires special attention.

Skin rash is a sign of a large number of diseases, and ignoring it can adversely affect human health. Any rash on the skin should be examined by a specialist without fail. This is done in order to determine the disease itself, as well as its causes. Only then should immediate treatment begin.

What is a skin rash?

In medicine a rash is usually called any change in the skin, as well as mucous membranes. First of all, the disease causes changes in skin color, its texture. Often, peeling can occur on the skin, which is accompanied by severe itching.

Also painful sensations are not excluded. A skin rash can appear absolutely anywhere on the body. Everything depends on the disease. For example, a rash caused by an allergy is localized on the hands and face, while a rash associated with an infectious disease most often appears on the surface of the body.

Dermatitis is a rash in the form of bubbles, peeling, discomfort, itching, burning, and so on. The reasons may be different, depending on which several varieties of dermatitis are distinguished, for example, infectious, allergic, atopic, food, etc.

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Types of rash

As a rule, skin rash can be of different types, but all are divided into two main ones:

1. Primary rash. This species is formed in areas of healthy skin or mucous membranes as a result of pathological processes occurring in the human body.
2. secondary rash. This rash can occur at the site where the primary rash appeared for some reason, which, for example, may include the lack of treatment.

It is not difficult to guess that the primary skin rash is considered the most favorable. It is this type that can be cured in the initial stages of the disease, avoiding further complications.

Rash elements

Skin rash is also divided into some elements or subspecies.

The most common of them:

• Spot. The skin undergoes a change in color or redness. Most often, spots appear due to diseases of roseola, dermatitis and many others.
• Bubble. Formed in the thickness of the skin. From the inside, the vesicles are filled with hemorrhagic fluid. Manifested as a result of eczema, herpes, and allergic dermatitis.
• Blister. Outwardly, it is redness, which has smooth edges. Its form can be either correct or incorrect. Occurs due to hives, after an insect bite, and also due to taxidermy.
• Pustule. Formed in the epidermis. According to their type, pustules are divided into superficial and located deep. Occur as a result of acne, impetigo or furunculosis.
• Knot. Such an element of a skin rash can form in almost any layer of the skin. More often, the nodule occurs due to psoriasis, some types of lichen, eczema, papilloma or warts.

As a provocateur of roseola in adults, the herpes virus type 4 acts. However, h most often this disease occurs in children, who are under 3 years of age. In the adult part of the population, the disease only in rare cases can manifest itself in the form of a skin rash.

It also happens that the rash may be completely absent, and roseola is accompanied only by fever. At the initial stage of the disease, the temperature can increase to 39-40 degrees, which is very difficult to lower. It is very important to pay attention to the fact that during the disease of roseola it is extremely contraindicated to take aspirin. Otherwise, severe side effects may occur.

Photo of roseola

IT'S IMPORTANT TO KNOW!

Externally, the vesicle is globular formations concentrated in the upper layers of the epidermis. The size of the vesicles in diameter can reach 0.5 cm. Inside the formations there is a colorless turbid liquid.

There are these formations in adults as a result of pathological stratifications of the upper layer of the epidermis. The reasons for the formation of vesicles can be very diverse, ranging from an allergic reaction to an insect bite.

Photo vesicles

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Peeling of the skin, discomfort and itching, redness, rashes in the form of bubbles, cracks, weeping wounds, hyperemia, burning are signs of dermatitis.

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It has the following properties:

• Relieves itching after the first application
• Eliminates rash and peeling of the skin in 3-5 days
• Reduces overactive skin cells
• After 19-21 days completely eliminates plaques and traces of them
• Prevents the appearance of new plaques and an increase in their area

A cavityless element of the rash that rises above the level of the skin. They are located in the epidermis or the upper layers of the dermis. Size from a pinhead to 1 cm Papules are inflammatory and non-inflammatory.

Papule photo

This is an abscess. As a rule, pustules appear on the upper body of a person. The pustules quickly burst, resulting in a large number of painful erosions covered with a dry crust on the body.

Photo of a pustule

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tubercle

tubercle is a cavityless formation that protrudes above the surface of the skin. The diameter of the tubercles can reach 1 cm. The tubercles on the body appear as a result of the accumulation of inflammatory infiltrates in the dermis. The tubercle is somewhat similar to a papule. After the tubercles, ulcers may remain on the body, which form scars.

Hemorrhages are characterized by bleeding into the skin due to the destruction of skin vessels. Externally, hemorrhage is dots or spots of different shapes and sizes. As a rule, these formations do not go away when the skin is stretched. Initially, the spots are reddish or purple, but when the formations dissolve, they become yellow.

Photo of hemorrhage

Causes of a skin rash

There are many reasons that cause rashes on the body of an adult.

The most common of them are:

• Taking medications
• Various allergic reactions
• The use of low-quality cosmetics and perfumes
• The presence of acute viral and infectious diseases
• Presence of fungal infections

Rash with allergies

Psoriasis

This disease is characterized by the formation of a large number of pink papules, which are covered with dry scales. The number of formations may increase over time. Papules often merge with each other, forming large plaques.

At the initial stage, psoriasis manifests itself on the elbows and head. Most often, this disease is inherited. Currently, it has not been possible to find a drug that could completely cure psoriasis.