Chronic appendicitis - symptoms. Chronic appendicitis. Etiology. Pathogenesis. Clinic, diagnosis, treatment Chronic appendicitis symptoms and treatment in adults

Chronic appendicitis- a disease that is quite rare, in contrast to the acute form of pathology. The appendix is ​​an appendage of the caecum, which looks like a tubular formation and performs a number of secondary functions in the body, including:

• protection of the intestine from pathogenic microorganisms due to the presence of lymphoid tissue;
• separation of the small intestine from the large;
• the production of enzymes necessary for the digestion of food (amylase, lipase);
• synthesis of hormones that affect intestinal motility, etc.

It is believed that chronic inflammation of the appendix may occur due to the relief of an attack of acute appendicitis without surgery or with incomplete appendectomy. In addition, this form of the disease sometimes develops primarily, bypassing the acute stage, due to infectious processes in the abdominal cavity against the background of reduced immunity. The development of chronic inflammation is facilitated by the excesses of the appendix, the presence of adhesions, cysts, hyperplastic lymphoid tissue, and circulatory disorders.

It should be noted that earlier there were doubts about whether there is chronic appendicitis, but today the symptoms of this form of the disease, characterized by sluggish processes, are described quite clearly. Consider what are the symptoms of chronic appendicitis in adult women, and how this pathology is treated.

Signs of chronic appendicitis in adult women

With a long-term chronic appendicitis, atrophic and sclerotic changes can develop in the process of the caecum, scars, adhesions appear, which leads to the closure of the lumen and deformation of the appendix, its fusion with surrounding tissues. The main manifestations of pathology are as follows:

• moderate pain that periodically occurs in the iliac or umbilical region, especially after physical exertion, defecation, intense coughing, diet errors (in some patients, the pain is constant);
• seizures, vomiting;
• stool disorders.

Sometimes there are also symptoms from the pelvic organs, namely:

• soreness in the rectum;
• discomfort, pain during intercourse.

Body temperature is normal in most cases, although it may rise in the evening.

Symptoms of chronic appendicitis can bother for more than one year, while there is always the possibility of the disease moving into an acute form. With exacerbation of chronic inflammation of the appendix, the following are observed:

• intense acute pain in the abdomen, aggravated by pressure;
• tension of the anterior wall of the abdomen;
• increase in body temperature;
• thirst;
• severe nausea, etc.

These signs are an indication for urgent medical care, because. the disease threatens with the development of gangrene or perforation of the appendix.

The main method of treatment of this form of the disease is surgical (appendectomy). In rare cases, a conservative therapy with the use of antibiotics, which allows to eliminate infectious and inflammatory processes. Due to the risk of a sudden exacerbation, patients after conservative treatment should undergo regular medical examinations, adhere to a healthy diet.

The operation to remove the appendix can be performed by the classical laparoscopic method or by a more modern endoscopic method that does not require a long rehabilitation period. At the same time, antibiotics are also prescribed (usually intramuscularly) to avoid complications.

The disease is diagnosed in young people aged 20 to 40 years. The patient is concerned about recurrent attacks of pain, which cause significant discomfort. With persistent pain, an appendectomy is performed.

The reasons

Chronic appendicitis, unlike the acute form, is rare. The reasons for its appearance:

• a previous acute attack of the appendix, which ended without an appendectomy;
• malfunction of the immune system;
• hereditary predisposition;
• pathology of the circulatory system;
• endocrine diseases;
• diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, as a result of which the process is blocked by stones;
• hormonal disorders;
• inflammation of the appendages (in women);
• a consequence of surgery (if after the operation an appendix process of more than 2 cm was left).

The disease is more common in women of the weaker sex. In children and older children, the disease is diagnosed extremely rarely.

Predisposing factors are stress, hypothermia, malnutrition, excess weight, bad habits and chronic.

Forms

There are 3 forms of chronic appendicitis:

• Residual (residual). The disease is a consequence of an acute appendix.
• Recurrent. Manifested by periods of remission and exacerbation. Over time, extensive inflammation occurs, which leads to the development of complications and the need for surgical intervention.
• Primary chronic. Another name is inaccessible appendicitis. His appearance is not associated with an attack of acute appendix.

Symptoms

The chronic form is characterized by a constant sluggish inflammatory process, which leads to a change in the structure of the process. The symptoms are blurred, so it is impossible to make an accurate diagnosis based on the patient's complaints.

Chronic appendicitis is similar in symptoms to pyelonephritis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, and duodenal ulcer.

Among women

Symptoms of chronic appendicitis in women:

• feeling of discomfort and heaviness;
• aching dull pain in the right lower abdomen, which appears after physical exertion;
• indigestion (constipation, diarrhea, bloating);
• pain in the abdomen, as with;
• pain during examination on the gynecological chair.

With exacerbation, nausea and vomiting occur, body temperature may rise. Signs of chronic appendicitis in women during remission are lack of appetite, insomnia, mood deterioration, periodic aching pain in the lower abdomen on the right.

Chronic appendicitis in women can be confused with female diseases, since the genitourinary system borders on the digestive tract.

In men

The symptoms of appendicitis in men are slightly different from those in women:

• constant aching pain in the right iliac zone;
• nausea and vomiting during an exacerbation;
• increase in body temperature.

From the moment the appendicitis appears in men until they disappear, a week passes.

Which doctor treats chronic appendicitis?

If the disease is in remission, it is necessary to visit a local therapist or gastroenterologist. With an exacerbation of appendicitis, you need to contact a surgeon. Women should consult a gynecologist, do an ultrasound of the genitourinary system.

Sometimes the help of a proctologist and a urologist is required to exclude other pathologies.

Diagnostics

The initial examination consists of palpation of the abdomen. Pain during pressure intensifies at times at the bottom right.

The patient must take a blood and urine test. With appendicitis in plasma, moderate leukocytosis is detected.

To exclude other diseases, the patient is prescribed instrumental examination methods. Methods for diagnosing chronic appendicitis:

• radiography of the stomach and peritoneum with the use of a contrast agent;
• Ultrasound of the abdominal cavity and genitourinary system;
• fibrogastroduodenoscopy.

Laparoscopy may be required to clarify the diagnosis.

Treatment

More often, the patient seeks treatment for exacerbation of the chronic form of the appendix. In this case, it is removed. The operation takes place under general anesthesia. The inflamed appendix is ​​removed using endoscopic laparoscopy. This is a minimally invasive technique, thanks to which the rehabilitation period is faster and easier. The patient is discharged from the hospital on the second day.

For pregnant women, appendectomy is performed only in the first trimester.

With an exacerbation of the appendix, it is necessary to call an ambulance and observe bed rest until it arrives. It is not necessary to take painkillers.

After the operation, you must follow the recommendations of the doctor:

• stick to a diet;
• perform therapeutic exercises to avoid complications after surgery;
• take drugs to strengthen the immune system, as well as antibiotics of the cephalosporin or macrolide group;
• to walk outside.

The course of antibiotic treatment after surgery is 7-10 days.

In the absence of acute attacks, conservative treatment of chronic appendicitis is allowed. It includes:

• Medical therapy. The patient should take antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic drugs, as well as drugs to improve blood circulation, vitamins and immunocorrectors.
• Diet. Nutrition should be fractional, the diet is balanced and varied. It is necessary to give up smoked meats, pickles, spicy, fried and fatty foods. You can not drink coffee, strong black tea and carbonated drinks.
• Physiotherapy procedures.

Complications

The consequences are as follows:

• atrophic and sclerotic changes in the appendix;
• perforation of the appendix with the entry of its contents into the abdominal cavity;
• the formation of scars and adhesions, which lead to the fusion of the process with neighboring organs;
• appendicular abscess;
• gangrene;
• growth of granulation tissue.

With an exacerbation of appendicitis, you need to see a doctor. When it breaks, irritation of neighboring organs occurs, pus accumulates in the abdominal cavity and peritonitis develops, and sometimes even sepsis. This condition is life threatening.

Prevention

There are no special preventive measures. Chronic appendicitis can be prevented if you get rid of bad habits, lead a healthy lifestyle and eat right.

The chronic form of appendicitis, even if it proceeds without exacerbations, needs constant monitoring. Only by adhering to the doctor's recommendations can you avoid surgery and serious complications.

Useful video about appendicitis

Chronic appendicitis is a chronic inflammation of the appendix or appendix. Such a disease is observed not so often, and acute appendicitis is considered to be the cause of its development. In such cases, they talk about the residual form of the disease. But sometimes the symptoms of chronic appendicitis occur only periodically, then the patient is diagnosed with a recurrent form of the disease. This usually occurs if, after the removal of the appendix, a stump remains, more than 2 cm long.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

In general, the signs of chronic appendicitis are not much different from the symptoms of the acute form of the disease. The differences are only in their severity and duration. So, often the disease manifests itself:

• Pain. Usually, patients complain of periodic or even constant discomfort, heaviness on the right in the iliac region and in the center of the abdomen around the navel, which increases after eating, during active physical work, coughing, laughing, especially when lifting the straight right leg in a prone position, etc. In addition, pain can be given to the groin, thigh or lower back.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Constipation or, conversely, diarrhea.

Important: errors in the diet can also provoke a deterioration in the patient's condition.

At the same time, unlike acute appendicitis, the chronic form of the disease is not characterized by:

• temperature rise;
• deterioration in general condition;
• the appearance of weakness, etc.

Attention! With an exacerbation of the disease, all signs of acute appendicitis are observed.

But the symptoms of chronic appendicitis in adults are often supplemented by disorders of the pelvic organs, for example:

• frequent and painful urination;
• pain associated with defecation or rectal examinations;
• discomfort during intercourse or a gynecological examination.

Adult women are more likely than other people to suffer from chronic appendicitis

Therefore, signs of chronic appendicitis in women, namely, they develop this disease most often, are often confused with manifestations of gynecological pathologies. Consequently, patients are often misdiagnosed and given unnecessary therapy while appendicitis continues to serve as a ticking time bomb. To avoid this, it is necessary to undergo a thorough examination, which will include:

• Ultrasound of the abdominal organs;
• radiography;

Differential Diagnosis

Since the symptoms of chronic appendicitis are not specific, it is very important to be able to distinguish this ailment from pathologies of other abdominal organs, in particular:

• ulcers of the stomach or duodenum;
• Crohn's disease;
• spastic colitis;
• cholecystitis;
• cystitis;
• vaginitis;
• pancreatitis;
• ovarian cysts;
• adnexitis;
• proctitis;
• pyelonephritis;
• yersiniosis;
• ileotiphlitis, etc.

Therefore, in particularly difficult cases, patients undergo diagnostic laparoscopy. The essence of this method is to examine the abdominal organs with the help of special equipment, which the specialist introduces through pinpoint punctures of the anterior abdominal wall.

It is very important to diagnose and start treating chronic appendicitis as early as possible, since the constant presence of a focus of infection in the body, of course, does not affect its work in the most favorable way. Moreover, it is fraught with perforation of the appendix with the subsequent development of peritonitis, which can cause the death of the patient.

Treatment

Thus, the question of whether there is chronic appendicitis is no longer worth it. But since this organ, contrary to popular belief, still performs some functions, the task of doctors when such a pathology is detected is to preserve the process of the cecum, if possible. Therefore, treatment often begins with conservative therapy, and only if it is ineffective or if the patient's condition worsens, an operation is prescribed.

Treatment of chronic appendicitis, as a rule, begins with physiotherapy and taking:

• anti-inflammatory drugs;
• antibiotics;
• antispasmodics;
• immunocorrectors;
• vitamins;
• drugs that improve blood circulation;
• pre- and probiotics.

Attention! Self-administration of any medications can lead to a deterioration in the patient's condition.

Also, patients need to be moderate enough in nutrition and exclude:

• fried, spicy, salty foods;
• smoked meats;
• canned food;
• alcohol;
• coffee and chocolate;
• fat varieties of meat and fish, dishes based on them, etc.

Surgery

As mentioned above, surgery for chronic appendicitis is resorted to when conservative therapy is ineffective or in the presence of powerful, persistent pain. If the patient's condition and the technical capabilities of the clinic allow, the removal of the appendix is ​​performed laparoscopically. Otherwise, the patient undergoes a traditional open appendectomy.

After removal of the appendix by laparoscopic method, no conspicuous traces remain on the human body

• adhesions;
• pregnancy, especially in the first trimester;
• cicatricial changes, etc.

After it, patients can usually return to a full life after 2 months, although this largely depends on the type of operation performed and the course of the postoperative period.

Important: the symptoms of chronic appendicitis can, to a greater or lesser extent, disturb patients for several years, but there is always the possibility of the disease turning into an acute form, so it requires timely treatment.

Treatment with folk remedies

If the disease is sluggish and does not give cause for particular concern, then as part of conservative therapy, patients can begin treatment of chronic appendicitis with folk remedies. As a rule, drugs are used that improve bowel function and strengthen the immune system. It:

1. In 100 ml of milk, boil 1 tsp for a couple of minutes. cumin seeds and drink an hour after that. It is necessary to take the remedy daily 1 time during the week.
2. Blackberry leaf tea.
3. A spoonful of tarragon grass is brewed in a cup of boiling water and taken after a few hours, 50 ml three times a day for 4 days.
4. In half a liter of boiling water, 20 g of strawberry leaves and the same amount of cuff grass are brewed. The product is kept in a water bath for 2 minutes and drunk during the day.

Attention! You can use any folk remedies only with the permission of a gastroenterologist as an additional measure.

Chronic appendicitis is a rather rare disease. Only in recent years has this disease been recognized as an independent pathological entity. Symptoms of chronic appendicitis can be confused with signs of other abdominal diseases.

Forms of the disease

Chronic appendicitis is a long-term inflammation of the appendix of the caecum. The disease can begin as a primary chronic process, or arise as a result of acute appendicitis, which resolved without surgical treatment.

Currently, it is customary to define three forms of the disease:

1. Chronic recurrent appendicitis. Such a diagnosis is made to those patients who have repeatedly had bouts of pain in the lower right abdomen in the past.
2. Residual form. The diagnosis is made if the patient in the past had a single attack of pain in the right lower abdomen.
3. Impregnable form. Occurs as a primary chronic process. With this form, patients do not notice seizures in the right lower abdomen in the past.

Thus, the inaccessible form of the disease belongs to the primary, and the residual and recurrent forms belong to the secondary.

Reasons for the development of the problem

In acute appendicitis, the outflow from the lumen of the appendix is ​​completely disrupted, vascular thrombosis and tissue necrosis develop rapidly. Unlike acute pathology, in the chronic form of this disease, a gradual thickening of the walls of the process occurs.

The proliferation of connective tissue and the formation of adhesions in the chronic form of the disease cause a partial overlap of the lumen of the process. When the narrowing of the lumen of the appendix reaches such a degree that it causes a violation of the outflow and excessive stretching of the appendix tissues, pain occurs.

In chronic appendicitis, there is a thickening of the walls of the process of the appendix.

Inflammatory changes in the walls of the process can occur in people:

Symptoms depend on which form of the chronic inflammatory process develops in a particular case.

Chronic relapsing form

In the interictal period, the disease does not manifest itself in any way. During an exacerbation, the symptoms of the disease resemble a picture of an acute process, but there is a difference between them.

Table: comparison of signs of acute and chronic forms

Video: exacerbation of chronic appendicitis

In the period between attacks, patients do not complain. On examination, almost all patients reveal muscle soreness in the lower right abdomen. With a long course of the disease, the muscles in this area can atrophy.

Symptoms of primary chronic appendicitis

The disease proceeds without obvious attacks. Patients complain of moderate pain or periodic discomfort in the right lower abdomen. Sometimes patients report bouts of nausea or vomiting for no apparent reason. At times, patients are concerned about the rise in body temperature in the evening.

Chronic appendicitis will sooner or later manifest itself as pain

For primary chronic appendicitis, the following features of the pain symptom are characteristic:

• strengthening in the lying position on the left side;
• occurrence when trying to raise the right leg;
• appearance after exercise and eating;
• increased during menstruation in women.

In addition to pain, patients with chronic appendicitis note that when walking for a long time, the right leg gets tired noticeably faster.

Examination of these patients reveals:

• reduced tone of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall on the right lower abdomen;
• pain on palpation in this area.

Table: the difference between the manifestations of primary and secondary chronic forms of the disease

Features for kids

An increase in temperature in a child for no apparent reason is an alarm signal, do not hesitate to contact a doctor

In children, signs of chronic appendicitis are similar to intestinal colic. Due to the peculiarities of nutrition in childhood, babies often have a tendency to constipation or diarrhea. A hallmark of chronic inflammation of the appendix is ​​periodic rises in temperature for no apparent reason.

Yet chronic appendicitis in childhood is quite rare. In children, there is a peculiarity in the structure of the appendix - an underdeveloped valve that blocks the entrance to the process. This minimizes the risk of stagnation of the contents in its lumen. A chronic inflammatory process in the process occurs with anomalies in its development.

Methods for diagnosing inflammation

How to define chronic appendicitis? The diagnosis is made primarily on the basis of the patient's complaints. If in the past there was at least a single attack of appendicitis (pain in the lower abdomen on the right, fever, vomiting or diarrhea) - this gives reason to suspect a chronic form of the disease and conduct additional studies:

• ultrasound of the abdominal cavity and small pelvis;
• blood and urine tests;
• vaginal and rectal examination;
• x-ray examination using a contrast agent;
• Bastedo method - the introduction of air into the rectum. When it reaches the caecum, it begins to swell. In chronic appendicitis at this moment there is pain in the right lower abdomen;
• laparoscopy is the most informative method of visual determination of external inflammatory changes in the appendix.

It is more difficult to diagnose the primary chronic form. When in the past the patient did not have attacks of appendicitis, differential diagnosis is carried out with the following diseases:

• chronic cholecystitis;
• chronic pancreatitis;
• chronic hepatitis;
• adhesive process in the abdominal cavity and in the small pelvis;
• chronic enteritis and colitis;
• urolithiasis disease;
• chronic pyelonephritis;
• ulcer of the stomach and duodenum;
• abdominal tumors;
• gynecological diseases.

Treatment of the disease

If the diagnosis of "chronic appendicitis" is confirmed, and other diseases with similar symptoms are excluded after a thorough diagnosis, then there are two treatment options:

• surgery to remove the appendix (appendectomy);
• conservative treatment - antibiotics, antispasmodics, physiotherapy.

Important! The choice of treatment method in each case of the disease is individual.

If, after a course of conservative treatment, the patient is no longer bothered by pain in the right lower abdomen, then the removal of the process is not required. In case of recurrence of the disease, doctors are inclined to surgery to remove the organ.

Currently, the removal of the appendix for chronic inflammation is carried out by the laparoscopic method. In rare cases, a laparotomy, that is, an opening of the abdominal cavity, may be necessary. Surgeons most often resort to this method with an extensive adhesive process in the abdominal cavity.

In the postoperative period, anti-inflammatory treatment is carried out. Prescribe antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as drugs that reduce the likelihood of adhesions.

Nutrition after surgery

After the operation, the patient is shown a sparing diet to reduce the load on the intestines.

In the first 12 hours after the removal of the process, it is only allowed to drink water, then until the end of the first day of the postoperative period, you can drink jelly, rice water or chicken broth.

From the second day, fractional meals in small portions are allowed:

• mashed pumpkin, zucchini or potatoes;
• fat-free yogurt;
• lean chicken broth;
• boiled chicken meat.

Photo gallery: products that make up the main diet for illness

Boiled chicken meat is a great option for a post-op diet Chicken low-fat broth activates the work of the stomach Pumpkin is a very healthy vegetable.

• vegetable puree soups cooked in low-fat chicken broth with a minimum amount of salt (from pumpkin, zucchini, beets, carrots, potatoes);
• liquid cereals without adding butter (oatmeal, rice, buckwheat);
• fat-free and unsweetened dairy products (yogurt, cottage cheese, biokefir);
• low-fat boiled pureed meat (chicken and beef).

Each product should be introduced into the diet gradually, observing the patient's condition. Food should not cause bloating and constipation.

The diet is prescribed by the attending physician. If all the recommendations are followed, the recovery process of the body passes without complications.

Chronic appendicitis masquerades as many surgical diseases. The impregnable form of pathology is dangerous because there is a focus of inflammation in the body for a long time, which clearly does not manifest itself. Since there is a danger of a transition from a chronic form to an acute one, one should be attentive to any, even minor manifestations of this disease.

Chronic appendicitis is a sluggish form of the inflammatory algorithm in the region of the appendix of the rectum. It is usually associated with a previous attack of acute appendicitis, which is most common in women. Chronic appendicitis is accompanied by characteristic symptoms, but diagnosis is necessary. This will make it possible to determine the causes and subsequent treatment of the pathological condition.

Causes of formation in women

Specialists identify three forms with which chronic appendicitis is associated in adults - this is residual, recurrent, primary chronic. The latter variety, also called residual, occurs in adults and occasionally in children. It is characterized by the presence in the patient's history of one acute attack, which ended in recovery without surgical intervention.

Chronic appendicitis in a relapsing form is repeated attacks of appendicitis with minimal symptoms at the stage of remission. Some experts pay attention to the presence of primary chronic, or inaccessible appendicitis. It develops gradually, with no preceding acute attacks, which are more common in adults than in children.

The residual variety of chronic appendicitis is a consequence of a previously formed attack of this pathological condition. In this case, its relief without surgical removal of the appendix should be considered a prerequisite. It is important to understand that after the subsidence of acute symptoms in the region of the caecum, suitable conditions remain in order to maintain the inflammatory process.

We are talking about adhesions, a cyst, an inflection of the appendix, hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissue - all this greatly complicates its emptying.

Given all this, I would like to draw attention to what are the symptoms of chronic appendicitis. It is their timely identification that will make it possible to start treatment as early as possible, which is necessary not only for adults - women or men, but also for children.

Symptoms of the chronic condition of appendicitis

Symptoms of chronic appendicitis are characterized by a predominance of implicit or even blurred manifestations. The presented pathological condition is associated with the presence of a feeling of discomfort and heaviness. In addition, chronic appendicitis is accompanied by dull aching pains in the region of the right iliac part, which may be permanent or form episodically. Also, such painful sensations are manifested due to physical exertion and any errors in the organization of the diet.

Chronic appendicitis, which occurs in women and men, is often associated with disorders of the digestive system. We are talking about bouts of nausea, flatulence, as well as the formation of constipation or diarrhea. Temperature indicators in the vast majority of cases remain optimal. However, sometimes, especially in the evening, an increase to subfebrile levels is likely.

In the presence of a chronic form of appendicitis, much more varied symptoms can be identified. So, we can talk about the bladder complex, namely, a very painful and frequent repetition of urination. Specialists identify the vaginal symptomatic complex in women, namely the strongest pain during a gynecological examination.

Chronic appendicitis - symptoms can also be associated with a complex of rectal manifestations, in which there is significant pain during a rectal examination. Subsequent attacks of an acute caecum inflammatory condition may present with symptoms that are associated with acute appendicitis.

Given all this, it is safe to say that chronic appendicitis is a condition that is difficult to identify based solely on symptoms.

That is why, in order to determine a clear and correct diagnosis, it is strongly recommended not only to contact a specialist, but also to attend to the implementation of a correct diagnostic examination. In addition to issuing a medical verdict, this will allow you to start an adequate recovery course, which will eliminate the likelihood of complications, critical consequences in women and children.

Diagnosis of the disease

Indirect manifestations of chronic appendicitis can be identified by palpation of the abdomen. We can talk about local pain in the right iliac region, as well as a positive symptom of Obraztsov and quite rarely positive symptoms of Rovsing or Sitkovsky. Specialists draw the attention of patients to the fact that:

• to detect a condition such as chronic appendicitis, it is strongly recommended to perform radiopaque irrigoscopy associated with the large intestine. The presented examination makes it possible to identify the absence or partial filling of the appendix with barium, slowing down its emptying, which is a direct evidence of changes in the shape of the appendix, narrowing in the region of its lumen;
• the implementation of colonoscopy makes it possible to reject the presence of any neoplasms in problem areas in men and women. Conducting a survey radiography and ultrasound allows you to achieve a similar visualization in relation to the abdominal region;
• clinical analyzes of the patient's blood and urine in the presence of chronic appendicitis, in the vast majority of cases, are not associated with any pronounced changes.

In the primary chronic form of appendicitis, the diagnosis is determined by excluding other probable diseases of the peritoneal organs, which are characterized by similar symptoms. It is necessary to carry out a differential diagnosis of the presented pathological condition with the following diseases: stomach ulcer, Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, chronic cholecystitis, spastic colitis.

In addition, speaking of differential diagnosis, I would like to draw attention to the abdominal toad, yersinioso and many other diseases, including gynecological in women and helminthic infestations in children. It is important to consider that the diagnostic examination should include a complete list of procedures, so that the diagnosis remains as correct as possible. Also, in some cases, a second examination may be required to determine certain features of the pathological condition and why signs of chronic appendicitis have formed.

Features of treatment

Particular attention deserves how exactly the treatment of chronic appendicitis should be carried out. In particular, with an already confirmed diagnosis and a stable painful syndrome, it is strongly recommended to take care of surgical treatment. We are talking about the removal of the blind process, which can be performed using an open appendectomy or laparoscopic method. As part of the surgical intervention, a full study of the state of the peritoneal organs is also carried out to identify other likely causes of pain in the right iliac region.

The period after surgery must necessarily be associated with antibiotic therapy. Long-term results after the operation in relation to chronic appendicitis are assessed as more problematic than, for example, after acute appendicitis. This is due to the development of adhesive algorithms.

In the case when mild symptoms are identified in a patient with a chronic form of appendicitis, conservative treatment is resorted to.

We are talking about the use of antispasmodic medicinal components, the introduction of physiotherapy procedures, the elimination of intestinal disorders.

Macroscopic changes in the area of ​​the appendix in the chronic form of appendicitis can remain so blurred that they can only be identified by a morphological examination of the most distant process. In the event that in women or men the blind process remains unchanged, there is a possibility that the operation may further aggravate the already present painful syndrome. As you know, it is he who is the basis for the implementation of appendectomy.

The operation is extremely rarely associated with complications, however, for optimal recovery of the body, it is advisable to stay in a hospital for some time under the supervision of specialists. Special procedures and the use of medicinal components make it possible to speed up the recovery process and minimize pain. In order for the recovery to be even faster, and the likelihood of complications to be minimized, it is necessary to resort to certain preventive measures.

Preventive measures

Proper prevention is a prerequisite not only for women, but also for men. It is she who makes it possible to count on the most rapid recovery of the body. Speaking about prevention, experts mean following a diet, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, drinking plenty of water. It is very important to normalize the activity of the digestive system in order to exclude the possibility of any changes.

In addition, experts insist on the use of vitamin components, additional medicines that make it possible to improve the functioning of the intestines and the entire gastrointestinal tract.

An equally important element of prevention should be considered timely diagnostic examination and treatment of any pathological conditions that cause disorders.

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1. Can cancer be prevented?
The occurrence of a disease such as cancer depends on many factors. No one can be completely safe. But everyone can significantly reduce the chances of a malignant tumor.

2. How does smoking affect the development of cancer?
Absolutely, categorically ban yourself from smoking. This truth is already tired of everyone. But quitting smoking reduces the risk of developing all types of cancer. Smoking is associated with 30% of cancer deaths. In Russia, lung tumors kill more people than tumors of all other organs.
Eliminating tobacco from your life is the best prevention. Even if you smoke not a pack a day, but only half, the risk of lung cancer is already reduced by 27%, as the American Medical Association found.

3. Does excess weight affect the development of cancer?
Keep your eyes on the scales! Extra pounds will affect not only the waist. The American Institute for Cancer Research has found that obesity contributes to the development of tumors in the esophagus, kidneys, and gallbladder. The fact is that adipose tissue serves not only to store energy reserves, it also has a secretory function: fat produces proteins that affect the development of a chronic inflammatory process in the body. And oncological diseases just appear against the background of inflammation. In Russia, 26% of all cancer cases are associated with obesity.

4. Does exercise help reduce the risk of cancer?
Set aside at least half an hour a week for exercise. Sport is on the same level as proper nutrition when it comes to cancer prevention. In the US, a third of all deaths are attributed to the fact that patients did not follow any diet and did not pay attention to physical education. The American Cancer Society recommends exercising 150 minutes a week at a moderate pace or half as much but more vigorously. However, a study published in the journal Nutrition and Cancer in 2010 proves that even 30 minutes is enough to reduce the risk of breast cancer (which affects one in eight women in the world) by 35%.

5.How does alcohol affect cancer cells?
Less alcohol! Alcohol is blamed for causing tumors in the mouth, larynx, liver, rectum, and mammary glands. Ethyl alcohol breaks down in the body to acetaldehyde, which then, under the action of enzymes, turns into acetic acid. Acetaldehyde is the strongest carcinogen. Alcohol is especially harmful to women, as it stimulates the production of estrogen - hormones that affect the growth of breast tissue. Excess estrogen leads to the formation of breast tumors, which means that every extra sip of alcohol increases the risk of getting sick.

6. Which cabbage helps fight cancer?
Love broccoli. Vegetables are not only part of a healthy diet, they also help fight cancer. This is also why recommendations for healthy eating contain the rule: half of the daily diet should be vegetables and fruits. Especially useful are cruciferous vegetables, which contain glucosinolates - substances that, when processed, acquire anti-cancer properties. These vegetables include cabbage: ordinary white cabbage, Brussels sprouts and broccoli.

7. Which organ cancer is affected by red meat?
The more vegetables you eat, the less red meat you put on your plate. Studies have confirmed that people who eat more than 500 grams of red meat per week have a higher risk of developing colon cancer.

8. Which of the proposed remedies protect against skin cancer?
Stock up on sunscreen! Women aged 18-36 are particularly susceptible to melanoma, the deadliest form of skin cancer. In Russia, in just 10 years, the incidence of melanoma has increased by 26%, world statistics show an even greater increase. Both artificial tanning equipment and the sun's rays are blamed for this. The danger can be minimized with a simple tube of sunscreen. A study published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology in 2010 confirmed that people who regularly apply a special cream get melanoma half as often as those who neglect such cosmetics.
The cream should be chosen with a protection factor SPF 15, apply it even in winter and even in cloudy weather (the procedure should turn into the same habit as brushing your teeth), and also do not expose yourself to the sun's rays from 10 to 16 hours.

9. Do you think stress affects the development of cancer?
By itself, stress does not cause cancer, but it weakens the entire body and creates conditions for the development of this disease. Research has shown that constant worry alters the activity of the immune cells responsible for turning on the fight-and-flight mechanism. As a result, a large amount of cortisol, monocytes and neutrophils, which are responsible for inflammatory processes, constantly circulate in the blood. And as already mentioned, chronic inflammatory processes can lead to the formation of cancer cells.

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1. With an answer
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1. Task 1 of 9

   Can cancer be prevented?

2. Task 2 of 9

   How does smoking affect the development of cancer?

3. Task 3 of 9

   Does being overweight affect the development of cancer?

4. Task 4 of 9

   Does exercise help reduce the risk of cancer?

5. Task 5 of 9

   How does alcohol affect cancer cells?