Letters that represent consonant sounds alphabetically. The designation of the softness of consonants in the phonetic analysis of the word. Strong-weak positions for vowels. Positional vowel changes. Reduction

The most important part of speech is words, we pronounce them, write and read them, we add phrases and sentences from them. They consist of letters and sounds that have become so firmly established in our lives that we hardly notice them.

Letters and sounds are not the same thing, although they are closely related concepts. We write, see and read letters, and we pronounce and hear sounds. Letters are graphic written symbols, while sounds are the acoustic component of words and human speech in general. In different words, the same letter sometimes corresponds to different sounds.

“In the beginning was the word. Then words, words, words... (author Vladimir Kolechitsky).

“The word was given to a person not for self-satisfaction, but for the embodiment and transmission of that thought, that feeling, that share of truth and inspiration that he possesses to other people.” (author V. Korolenko).

The study of letters and sounds is carried out by various sections of linguistic science. Sounds studies phonetics, and alphabetic characters - graphic arts. Spelling letters prerogative spelling .

The set of letters of any language makes up its alphabet. The letters of the Russian language are divided into consonants, vowels and auxiliary. Auxiliary ones include those that do not carry sound information - a hard and soft sign.

Consonants and sounds of the Russian alphabet

Consonant sounds and letters are characterized by the fact that during their pronunciation, a certain obstacle arises in the path of air in the oral cavity. As a result, noise is necessarily present in the acoustic sound of consonants. They got the name "consonants" because they almost always stand next to vowels or in the same word with them.

In total, there are 21 consonants in Russian:

b	in	G	d	and	h	th
to	l	m	n	P	R	With
t	f	X	c	h	sh	sch

Another characteristic feature of consonants is that they cannot be pronounced in a singsong voice. The pronunciation of hissing consonants can be stretched (for example: With , f , sh , sch), but "singing" will not work.

As noted above, consonants in words almost always coexist with vowels. However, there is a limited number of words that consist only of consonants. Along with suggestions to , With or particle b, these are some foreign proper names ( Krc- district of Prague; Armenian name Mkrtch, which in Russian is sometimes written with a vowel - for euphony), as well as interjections like brr or shh .

The classification of consonant letters and sounds in Russian is based on acoustic criteria.

Voiced and voiceless consonants

Those consonants whose pronunciation consists only of noise are called voiceless. In contrast, consonants formed by sound and noise are called voiced.

The letter stands apart th(and short). According to the acoustic sound, it is classified as a voiced consonant, however, its isolated pronunciation is impossible. Letter th can only be pronounced together with a preceding or following vowel sound, for example [yy], [y], etc.

Paired and unpaired consonants

Most voiced consonants correspond to certain deaf ones. These consonant letters are called paired. There are also consonants that do not have a pair. Among them there are also deaf and voiced, and they are called unpaired .

Paired voiced and deaf	Unpaired voiced	Unpaired deaf
b - p	l	X
c - f	m	c
g - k	n	h
d - t	R	sch
w - w	th
h - s

Soft and hard consonants

The pronunciation of consonants in words can be hard or soft. If the sound is pronounced softly, then the tongue is slightly pushed forward, approaching the upper palate or touching it. When pronouncing solid sounds, the tongue does not move forward (but the tongue can touch the upper palate due to upward movement).

Most consonants form both hard and soft sounds, but there are some exceptions. In particular, the letters and , c , sh always have a solid sound, and letters th , h , sch- soft.

In other cases, the hardness or softness of consonants is determined by which letter comes after them.

If the consonant is followed by letters a , about , at , uh , s , b- then you get a solid sound. The same is true if the consonant is at the end of the word or is followed by another consonant.

If the consonant is accompanied by letters e , yo , and , Yu , I , b- then its sound will be soft.
Video lesson

Hissing and whistling consonants

Some of the consonants in Russian sound like a hiss. These are the sounds and , sh , sch , h, which are called hissing consonants.

Another group of consonant sounds, when leaving the oral cavity, forms acoustic vibrations resembling a whistle. These are the sounds h , With , c- whistling.

The properties of hissing and whistling consonants are especially noticeable during their prolonged pronunciation.

One of the important features of these sounds is that most of the speech defects are associated with their pronunciation. For this reason, work with hissing and whistling consonants should be given special attention when teaching children. It is important to note that speech deficiencies associated with these sounds may be amenable to speech therapy correction.

Russian vowels and sounds

Unlike consonants and letters, a characteristic feature of vowels is that air passes freely through the oral cavity during their pronunciation. As a result, vowels can not only be easily stretched, but also sung in a singsong voice. Another distinctive feature is that they can be pronounced as loudly as you like, at the top of your voice.

By means of vowels and sounds, consonants are combined into syllables. Each syllable has only one vowel. The number of other letters - consonants, hard and soft signs - may be different. Words can consist of one or more syllables: ros-piss, breaking , yard , painting .

The number of vowels in Russian is 10:

and

about

And there are only 6 vowels: [a], [i], [o], [y], [s], [e]. The vowels corresponding to them are monosonic. The remaining 4 vowels are e , yo , Yu , I- two-voiced, and separately pronounced as [ye], [yo], [yu], [ya]. At the same time, in words, these letters mean one sound (examples: squirrel, ball, went, key).

As in the case of consonants, there are a number of Russian words that consist only of vowels. These are the pronouns I , her; unions - and , a; prepositions - at , about; interjections - uh , ay .

Stressed and unstressed vowels

In words, vowels can be stressed and unstressed.

If a vowel in a word is under stress, it is read more distinctly, with more emphasis and a little more drawl.
In the absence of stress, vowels in words are read less clearly. Accordingly, an unstressed position is a weak position for them, and a position in a stressed syllable is a strong position.

As a rule, in traditional writing, stress in words is not marked. If necessary, they are denoted by the sign "akut" - a small "/" stroke above the vowel.

Video lesson

Designations of sounds in phonetic parsing of a word

Phonetic or sound analysis of a word serves to display and parse its correct pronunciation. Both words and individual letters can be designated phonetically.

Sound designations, unlike letters, are enclosed in square brackets. The graphic record of the pronunciation of a word is called transcription.

The basic rules according to which sounds are indicated in the phonetic analysis of a word are as follows:

The hardness of the consonants does not have any designation, but the softness is indicated by the apostrophe. For example, if [b] is a hard sound, then [b ’] is soft.
A long sound in transcription is indicated by a colon, for example: cash register- [cas: a].
Not always, but often the transcription of words is stressed. For example: wave- [wave].
The soft sign and the hard sign do not have a sound pronunciation, therefore, there is no display during phonetic analysis.

Video lesson

How to teach children to distinguish between hard and soft sounds

Sometimes children may have difficulty distinguishing between hard and soft consonants. In this case, there are some tricks that facilitate the assimilation of the topic.

First of all, it is necessary to explain to the child that the concepts of hardness and softness do not refer to consonants, but to their sounds. And that the same letter can sound both hard and soft. Let me give you an example: " b"- the words ram - white," R"- work - belt," l"- a horse is a swan.

Explaining the exception letters, for better memorization, it is recommended to write them like this:

th , h , sch
and , sh , c

It is necessary to make it clear to the child that the underlined letters, as it were, “sit on the pads” - the pads are soft and the letters are also soft.

In order for the child to remember well before which vowels the letter becomes hard or soft, you can use the following technique: first, with a serious facial expression, read a syllable with a hard consonant - and then, with a smile on your face, read another syllable where this consonant is soft. Then, do the same with other letters and syllables. For example: la — la , mu — mi , zo — zya, bo — byu , ry — ryo etc. Soft pronunciation is well associated in a child with a smile, and hard pronunciation is well associated with seriousness and severity, which allows you to remember the material associatively.

Gradually, you need to improve your skills, and do the same exercises with simple words, such as: mother , dad a - uncle , uncle etc. As you memorize, you should move from simple words to more complex ones. Explanations and exercises should be gradually alternated with tasks: write words, and then ask which consonants are hard and which are soft.

Another exercise can be proposed: to make tablets with words in which soft consonants are written in one color, and hard ones in another. For example:

N O S I K
CARPET
NUMBER
WARM

There are many options, but it is advisable to choose among them those that the child likes best. This contributes to a better perception of the material, its memorization and practical assimilation.

Video lesson

Some interesting and useful information

Sounds and words can be formed without human intervention. A well-known example is the pronunciation of words by birds of the parrot family. As for individual sounds, they can also appear in inanimate nature - with the rustle of leaves, gusts of wind, splashing waves. This cannot be said about letters - after all, only their meaningful spelling can be recognized as a letter designation, and this is characteristic only of people.
Despite the small number of words consisting only of vowels, they can be used to make a sentence: “Hey, what about me?”
Almost all Russian words containing the letter " f", are of foreign origin. Only in relation to rare words (for example: owl) is Russian origin assumed, but this has not been definitely proven.
All words beginning with " th”, also foreign-language. For example: iodine, yogurt, iota, Yemen, Yokohama, Yorkshire, etc.
Letter " yo» in words almost always carries an accent. There are very few exceptions to this rule - these are words of foreign origin ( Königsberg surfers ), as well as compound words, which include numerals of three or four - ( twenty-three digit , four-door , three thousandth ). It should also be noted those rare situations when in one word there are two letters " yo", one of which becomes stressed, and the other - unstressed ( three-star , four-wheeled , aircraft lift , three-rouble note ).
There are many words in Russian with unusual letter combinations. For example, words in which the same vowel is repeated three times in a row: snake-eater , animal association , long-necked. Word with 7 consonants in a row: counter-meeting (Maybe, occasionalism ). Words with three soft signs: seductiveness , diminutiveness , multifunctionality , seductiveness etc. A word with two soft and one hard signs: courier . One-syllable word of 8 letters: in passing. Many other interesting examples can be cited.
Any letter has a certain frequency of repetition, the most used letters in Russian are about , e , a , and , t , n , With , R. This phenomenon is used to recognize ciphertexts.

Knowledge of letters and sounds, their spelling and pronunciation is the basis of language literacy. In turn, a good command of the spoken and written language is one of the indicators of a person's erudition, and the skills of reading and understanding the text are the basis for learning other sciences. After all, the lion's share of information in the modern world is comprehended by reading or listening, and only a small part of it - through personal experience.

What is the difference between vowels and consonants and sounds? What rules do they follow? How is the hardness and softness of sounds and letters indicated? You will get answers to all these questions in the presented article.

General information about vowels and consonants

Vowels and consonants are the basis of the entire Russian language. Indeed, with the help of their combinations, syllables are formed that add up to words, expressions, sentences, texts, and so on. That is why quite a lot of hours are devoted to this topic in high school.

and sounds in Russian

A person will learn about what vowels and consonants are in the Russian alphabet from the first grade. And despite all the seeming simplicity of this topic, it is considered one of the most difficult for students.

So, in the Russian language there are ten vowels, namely: o, i, a, s, u, i, e, e, u, e. During their direct pronunciation, you can feel how the air passes freely through the oral cavity. At the same time, we hear our own voice quite clearly. It should also be noted that vowels can be pulled (ah-ah-ah-ah, uh-uh-uh, i-i-i-i-i, u-u-u-u-u and so on ).

Features and letters

Vowels are the basis of the syllable, that is, they organize it. As a rule, there are as many syllables in Russian words as there are vowels themselves. Let's give a good example: u-che-no-ki - 5 syllables, re-bya-ta - 3 syllables, he - 1 syllable, o-no - 2 syllables, and so on. There are even words that consist of only one vowel sound. Usually these are interjections (Ah!, Oh!, Woo!) and unions (and, a, etc.).

Endings, suffixes and prefixes are very important topics in the Russian language discipline. Indeed, without knowing how such letters are written in a particular word, it is rather problematic to compose a competent letter.

Consonants and sounds in Russian

Vowel and consonant letters and sounds differ significantly. And if the former can be easily pulled, then the latter are pronounced as short as possible (except for hissing ones, since they can be pulled).

It should be noted that in the Russian alphabet the number of consonant letters is 21, namely: b, c, d, e, g, h, d, k, l, m, n, p, p, s, t, f, x, c, h, sh, sh. The sounds denoted by them are usually divided into deaf and voiced. What is the difference? The fact is that during the pronunciation of voiced consonants, a person can hear not only the characteristic noise, but also his own voice (b!, z!, p!, etc.). As for the deaf, they cannot be pronounced loudly or, for example, shouted. They create only a kind of noise (sh-sh-sh-sh-sh, s-s-s-s-s, etc.).

Thus, almost everything falls into two different categories:

voiced - b, c, d, d, f, z, d, l, m, n, r;
deaf - k, p, s, t, f, x, c, h, w.

Softness and hardness of consonants

Not everyone knows, but vowels and consonants can be hard and soft. This is the second most important feature in the Russian language (after voiced and deaf).

A distinctive feature of soft consonants is that during their pronunciation, the human language takes on a special position. As a rule, it shifts slightly forward, and its entire middle part rises slightly. As for when they are pronounced, the tongue is pulled back. You can compare the position of your speech organ yourself: [n] - [n '], [t] - [t ']. It should also be noted that voiced and soft sounds sound somewhat higher than hard ones.

In Russian, almost all consonants have pairs on the basis of softness and hardness. However, there are those who simply do not have them. These include hard ones - [g], [w] and [c] and soft ones - [th "], [h"] and [w"].

Softness and hardness of vowels

Surely few people have heard that the Russian language has soft vowels. Soft consonants are sounds that are quite familiar to us, which cannot be said about the above. This is partly due to the fact that in high school there is practically no time for this topic. After all, it is already clear with the help of which vowels the consonants become soft. However, we still decided to dedicate you to this topic.

So, soft letters are those letters that are able to soften the consonants that come before them. These include the following: i, e, i, e, u. As for such letters as a, y, s, e, o, they are considered hard, since they do not soften the consonants going in front. To see this, here are a few examples:

The designation of the softness of consonants in the phonetic analysis of the word

The sounds and letters of the Russian language are studied by phonetics. Surely, in high school you were asked more than once to make a certain word. During such an analysis, it is imperative to indicate whether it is separately considered or not. If yes, then it must be denoted as follows: [n '], [t '], [d '], [in '], [m '], [n ']. That is, at the top right, next to the consonant letter in front of the soft vowel, you need to put a kind of dash. The following soft sounds are also marked with a similar icon - [th "], [h"] and [sh"].

Phonetics is a capricious lady, albeit an interesting one. It's no secret that all sounds in Russian are divided into consonants and vowels. The first, in turn, are divided into voiced and deaf, soft and hard. This classification is based on the way of pronouncing sounds and the features of the work of our articulatory apparatus. So how can you tell them all apart?

And what, exactly, is the point?

Soft and hard consonant sounds Grade 1 begins to study at the very beginning of the Russian language course. But in order to distinguish one phoneme from another, you must first understand what is the difference between them and vowels.

Vowel sounds are pronounced only with the help of the voice. They can be sung, extended - this is how teachers explain to kids at school. When the air at the exit from the lungs passes through the trachea, larynx, oral cavity, it does not encounter any obstacles. When we talk about consonants, then to pronounce them, you need to use lips, teeth and tongue - they all participate in the process, so to speak.

Comparing consonants and vowels according to their sound, we notice the following tendency: when vowels, as mentioned above, sound only with one voice, then there is still noise in the consonants created by the interference that the air has to meet when pronouncing them. This is their main difference. Deaf sounds are pronounced only with this very noise, while in voiced sounds, a voice is also added to it. Compare, for example, the pronunciation of the words "grotto" and "mole" or "house" and "tom". In both cases, the first letters are solid consonants, voiced and voiceless, respectively.

"Let's go back to our sheep!"

Now that we already know a little about the differences in consonants, let's move on to our main topic.

The best way to learn is by example, right? And again, let's turn to the comparison: let's say the following pairs of words:

Racket-rake, bun-buro, mother - ball, vine - ice, tower - view.

There is some difference in how we pronounce consonants. Is not it? It is caused by vowels that come after consonants. The words are specially chosen so that the sounds we need are in the same position in all examples. In this case, they show all their diversity. Say it again, slowly. Do you feel how the language, in those words where the consonants sound softer, does not rest against the palate, but seems to relax, becomes flat? This can be considered the main feature that our hard consonants have during articulation.

Theory

Well, now let's move on to a specific theory. Solid consonants - a table that will consist of two parts. First of all, you need to remember that the hardness or softness of a sound is due to its neighboring vowel. When after the letter is a, o, u, s , then the sound that it denotes will definitely be solid (mittens, trampling, lips, played), and if there are e, yo, yu, i, and , the consonant will sound softer (blizzard, doggie, mint, Kyiv). Thus, we can say that there is no point in memorizing all hard consonants. Almost all of them are paired. This property was shown in the first row of words, where we learned to distinguish between hard and soft sounds. Therefore, everything depends on this very vowel.

Unpaired consonants

Another question is how to deal with unpaired consonants. There are very few of them in Russian: w, w, c . No matter how hard you try, you won't be able to pronounce them softly. Even if they are followed by those vowels that are usually used with soft consonants: ramrod - rustle - chic, creepy - liquid - tin, price - circus - king. Opposed to these consonants are unpaired h, w, y , which in all cases will sound soft: chock - thicket - cleaning, cheeks - squint - crushed stone, iot - yogurt.

Break the system!

In this situation, you need to understand that the rule of the subsequent vowel with them does not apply to unpaired solid consonants. The table that can be compiled for better assimilation of the material will in any case consist of two parts - paired parts, the equivalent of which can always be found by changing the vowel, and unpaired ones, living by their own rules.

We remember

Now let's move on to the methods of learning and memorization. Solid consonants grade 1 remembers reluctantly - too boring. But after all, there is always a way to increase efficiency by making the student interested in an unusual form of work, even with such theoretical and unnecessary, at first glance, material. Various pictures, diagrams, drawings and games with the choice of words will come to our aid.

Let's make some cards. You will need two sheets of colored paper or colored cardboard. The main thing is that they are contrasting. We cut out the same clouds, balls, figures - everything that comes to your mind. Then we connect the two figures with glue so that these very contrasting sides are outside. And then, with the participation of your little helper, on one side we write vowels that are friends with soft ones, and on the other - with hard consonants. In order not to forget anything at all, you can also place unpaired and paired ones side by side, respectively. When everything is at hand, it is much easier.

Next, draw something that can help create an association - a brick on a cardboard where hard sounds are written, and a feather with soft phonemes. Or something else like that. Having a concrete example in front of his eyes, the student will surely learn the information better. Later, to consolidate, you can ask your student to highlight hard and soft sounds in different colors in written words - red and blue, for example, so that you can easily check his homework.

improvised material

To prepare the tablets, which were mentioned just above, you still need to have some kind of material. Solid consonants - a table that you can rely on so as not to get confused. For convenience, it contains paired and unpaired sounds in terms of hardness and softness. By the way, if we want to indicate the softness of a sound, in phonetic transcription, for example, an apostrophe is placed after it.

In this table, all phonemes at the top are solid. Below are their soft counterparts. True, we have three cases where the sound does not have a pair. This means it is not soft.

We remember further

Let's keep practicing? Let's give more examples of words where the same consonant sounds in a hard or soft position. One more nuance. In addition to the very vowels that affect the consonant, it can be softened or hardened by a soft and hard sign, respectively. Let's not forget about it in our next task.

Beaver - white, blizzard - goalkeeper, city - helium, entrance - clerk, giraffe, winter - teeth, whale-cat, horse - lemonade, harvest-sea, Neptune-rhinoceros, steamboat - break, decision-novel, owl - family, cake - theme, film-photography, halvah - scheme, chicken, hat.

Identify the words from the presented pair that demonstrate soft or hard consonants. As you can see, the letters for their designation are still used the same. Please note that in some words, hardness and softness are affected not only by vowels, but also by consonants that are next to our sound. In addition, you can also ask the child to come up with examples for unpaired consonants, so that he himself is convinced that they are only hard. Still, own experience is much more vivid confirmation than any memorized theory.

One more game

To study the topic, soft and hard consonants can be offered to the student just such a game. She is very simple. In front of him are a number of words, from which only solid consonants need to be written out. And then, inserting vowels into them, come up with a word. For example, there are a number of words: pickle - footman - knives. Write out the consonants: s, l, n, add vowels. And the first thing that comes to mind is the short but capacious word "elephant". Shall we continue?

Edit - will - scrap(issued pr, v, l ).
Tomato - role - swamp(issued t, r, t ).
Bittern - dormouse - hay(issued in, s, n ).

Conclusion

In conclusion, I would like to remind you that in no case should you say “solid consonants”. These are just the sounds. And for their designations, they are absolutely the same as in the case of soft ones (this was evident from the table above). Now that you have all the material in your hands, it remains only to practice. On the net you can find a huge number of different games and exercises to determine the type of consonants. And, of course, you can re-read the material on the topic “Solid consonant sounds” several more times - the table presented in the article will help to systematize all our knowledge. It will be much easier to repeat with her.

Do not forget to give new examples for each paired and unpaired sound, so that our student himself learns to compare the different sounds of consonant phonemes. It sometimes depends not only on the subsequent vowel or soft and hard sign, but also on neighboring consonants, which, depending on their hardness or softness, can also affect the original sound. Everything is not as difficult as it seems. More games and practice - and everything will definitely work out.

Every first grader knows that sound is a unit of speech that we pronounce and hear, and letters we read and write. They in Russian are divided into vowels and consonants. Of the 33 letters of the Russian alphabet, 21 are called consonants. They are divided by sonority and deafness, softness and hardness. To study the classification of letters begins with grade 1, but the student will have to use it until graduation. When studying phonetics, each student must learn to distinguish voiceless sounds from voiced ones. During writing, they are indicated by transcription - [b]. The table will help to distinguish and remember paired consonant sounds.

Paired consonants by voiced-deafness

All consonants in Russian form pairs, a voiced consonant is opposed to a deaf one. There are 12 paired letters in total, 6 pairs are obtained:

Paired and unpaired consonants need to be known in order to be successful in spelling. Many orthograms of the Russian language are based on the selection of cognate words according to this classification, for example:

soft - soft
tooth teeth.

The first pair contains the letter g, which is indistinctly heard during pronunciation and its spelling brings difficulty. The second words are test words when the spelling is pronounced clearly. Younger students often make mistakes in these works.

You may notice that not all letters of the alphabet form pairs. This happens due to the fact that in phonetics there are rules that must be remembered. They are based on the fact that sounds can only be voiced or only deaf. It is easy to remember them, since they have a small amount. As a rule, students by the end of grade 1 know them by heart. These include p, n, l, m, d - sonorous, always voiced, c, h, w, x - always deaf.

Paired consonants by softness-hardness

Consonants are usually divided into hard and soft. In phonetics, the softening process occurs in several situations:

when there is a vowel after the consonant: u, i, e, e, and (blizzard, buttercup);
or there is a soft sign (blizzard, drink).

If a consonant is followed by a vowel, except for e, e, u, i, and, then it does not allow softening. For example, in the words peony, earth, after the consonant there is a vowel, which provokes the softening process. In such words as a lamp, water, there are no letters e, e, u, i, and therefore, when pronouncing, all sounds are solid.

There are also letters that, during their speech reproduction, will always be soft or hard. These include: w, h, d, c, w, w. Each student needs to know the classification of letters and sounds for successful learning.

A special table will help you remember paired voiced and deaf. It is easy to navigate through it.

Such a table or similar can sometimes be found in the primary school classroom. It has been proven that younger students have more visual-figurative thinking, so they need to provide new information in the form of illustrations or pictures, then it will be effective.

Each parent can create such a table on the desktop of a first grader. Do not be afraid that this hint will lead to student laziness. On the contrary, if he often looks at the image, he will quickly remember everything he needs.

There are more consonant sounds in Russian, so remembering their classification is more difficult. If you list all the deaf and voiced, then you get the number 12. The letters h, w, d, u, c, g, r, n, l, m are not taken into account, they are unpaired.

There are tips for children on how to quickly learn to recognize voiced and voiceless consonants when parsing a word. To do this, you need to press your palm to your throat and utter a distinctly separate sound. Voiceless and voiced consonants will be pronounced differently and, accordingly, differently reflected in the palm of your hand. If it vibrates in the hand, it is voiced; if not, it is deaf. Many guys use this hint when studying phonetics.

There is another exercise that helps to accurately determine which consonant is in front of the student. To do this, you need to close your ears with your hands, but at the same time, silence should be desirable. Pronounce the exciting letter, listen to it with your ears closed. If it is not heard, then it is a deaf sound, if, on the contrary, it is distinct, it is sonorous.

If you try, today any parent can find many interesting, exciting and educational exercises and rules that will help the baby easily learn new knowledge. This will make the learning process more interesting and entertaining, which in turn will affect academic performance.

And what, exactly, is the point?

"Let's go back to our sheep!"

Now that we already know a little about the differences in consonants, let's move on to our main topic.

The best way to learn is by example, right? And again, let's turn to the comparison: let's say the following pairs of words:

Racket-rake, bun-buro, mother - ball, vine - ice, tower - view.

Theory

Unpaired consonants

Break the system!

We remember

improvised material

In this table, all phonemes at the top are solid. Below are their soft counterparts. True, we have three cases where the sound does not have a pair. This means it is not soft.

We remember further

One more game

Edit - will - scrap(issued pr, v, l ).
Tomato - role - swamp(issued t, r, t ).
Bittern - dormouse - hay(issued in, s, n ).