Pain around the wound. How long does the gum heal after tooth extraction. Types of suture materials and methods of suturing in modern medicine

In some cases, suturing the wound is the only way to prevent large-scale bleeding and the entry of pathogenic microflora into it. With the help of artificial collection of damaged tissues among themselves, natural regeneration processes proceed much faster. How to sew up wounds depends entirely on the situation. There are a number of tips and recommendations that can save a person's life in critical situations.

Stitching is a mechanical manipulation to connect the edges of damaged skin, which helps prevent microbes from getting inside and provides accelerated regeneration. Sutures are applied to restore the natural anatomical position of the epithelial tissues. In the absence of suturing, the wound becomes chaotic, often injured, and the surface grows together incorrectly, which is fraught not only with cosmetic defects, but also with limited mobility.

Methods for suturing wounds

Not all injuries need suturing, but in especially dangerous situations, this manipulation can save a person's life.

You need to know which wounds need to be sutured:

Only a specialist can assess the importance of manipulation. If there is a wound, it is better to see a doctor who will decide on the need for stitching or suggest alternative methods of treatment.

Sewing is not subject to:

scratches, abrasions;
wounds with divergence of edges up to 1 cm;
stab wounds without damage to vital organs;
penetrating wounds.

Suturing is contraindicated in the state of shock of the victim and the presence of a pronounced purulent-inflammatory process in the wound.

Types of seams depending on the timing of the imposition

There are several types of seams, each of which is used in specific cases:

What types of seams are

Currently, staged suturing is not used except in critical situations requiring immediate assistance without the possibility of visiting a qualified specialist. Suturing in the field is often necessary for injuries in hiking, crossings and extreme tourism, when an open deep wound appears.

What is needed for the procedure?

In the conditions of surgery, the procedure is carried out using sterile needles, suture material, sterile bandages, tweezers and a doctor's qualification. If it is necessary to apply primary sutures to save a person's life, the following materials should be prepared:

sterile bandages or any clean cloth;
needle and silk thread or any other thread, fishing line;
scissors and tweezers;
vodka, alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, brilliant green.

What types of needles are used for different wounds

It is necessary to lay the victim on a flat surface covered with a clean cloth or blanket. Remove all unnecessary items, and cut the clothes at the wound site. If there is bleeding, it is stopped with hydrogen peroxide. If bleeding is severe, a tourniquet may be required. This procedure is temporary, and after the bleeding stops, the tourniquet is removed, since there is a high probability of the death of the clamped cells due to metabolic disorders.

The wound is washed with water, removing dust, dirt and debris from it. If there are fragments, they must be carefully removed with tweezers. All the necessary tools are calcined at the stake, or treated with alcohol-containing substances.

Hands are washed with soap and then treated with alcohol or vodka, which will minimize the chance of infection of the wound. If possible, it is better to move the patient to a closed room, protected from wind and precipitation.

In the presence of painkillers in the form of solutions, they can chop off the wound, which will reduce the pain during suturing (Lidocaine, Novocaine, Ultracaine).

Stages of suturing the wound

There are several stages of suturing the wound, following the sequence of which you can correctly suture:

In the presence of a rapid deterioration in the condition or discharge of blood, ichor or pus from under the sutures, the immediate help of qualified specialists is required.

Seam care rules

To reduce the likelihood of infection of the seam, it is necessary to assess the condition of the wound several times a day. Bandaging of sutured wounds on the skin is carried out 2-3 times a day. The sterile dressing is carefully removed. If there is a difficult discharge, the bandage is pre-soaked with hydrogen peroxide.

The seam is treated with antiseptics, giving preference to brilliant green and Chlorhexidine. After 2-3 days, when a dry discharge of a sterile dressing is noted during dressing, the latter can not be applied. Open wound management involves suture treatment without additional dressing.

It is recommended to abandon hygiene procedures for the time of tissue fusion, as water can provoke suppuration and burden the postoperative period. After 5-7 days, water procedures are allowed under the shower, after which the seam is blotted with a terry towel and additionally treated with an antiseptic.

Healing time for sutured wounds

On average, the regeneration of the epithelium lasts 5-12 days, but the speed depends on the individual characteristics of the organism and the presence or absence of an inflammatory process. Deep wounds with dissection of the subcutaneous tissue, muscles and tendons grow together longer, and their treatment has its own characteristics.

In the presence of a purulent-inflammatory process, the suture can be removed prematurely, which is necessary to destroy the pathogenic microflora. How long a sutured wound heals in this case depends entirely on the degree of neglect of the inflammatory process and the complexity of the treatment.

In places of increased tension of the skin, the regeneration process takes a little longer, and the risks of seam divergence are higher. This requires additional fixation and immobilization of the damaged area of the body.

The sutures are removed on the 10-14th day, when the damaged skin has grown together. With the help of scissors with thin long ends, the suture material is cut, resulting in two ends. Take tweezers, pinch one end and pull the thread. There are punctures that will heal soon.

How are stitches removed from a wound?

The procedure is quite painful, so it is carried out under local anesthesia. After removing the sutures, the wound is treated twice a day with any disinfectant solutions. It is not recommended to take baths until complete healing.

Features of suturing wounds at home

At home, there is no way to achieve complete sterility, so suturing is always accompanied by the addition of an inflammatory process in the wound. But in the presence of a strong tissue divergence, this procedure is a necessary measure that can reduce the risk of developing sepsis.

To do this, prepare boiling water, alcohol, sterile bandages, gloves and a needle and thread. It makes no difference what kind of threads the wound is sutured with, since if it falls into the hands of specialists, the sutures will definitely be removed and redone using a suitable suture material.

Hands are washed with soap and then treated with alcohol. The thread is threaded into the needle and dipped for several minutes in alcohol or any disinfectant solution. With the help of the left hand, parts of the diverging tissues are brought closer to each other, and the first suture is applied in the middle of the wound with the right hand. Each suture should have a knot, and their number depends on the length of the wound.

All manipulations should be carried out carefully with minimal contact between the wound and objects. A sterile dressing or bandage is applied on top, after which the victim should be taken to surgery or an emergency room.

In the presence of heavy bleeding or a state of shock, sutures are not applied, and all forces are directed to maintaining the vital processes of the body until the ambulance arrives.

If you can visit a doctor, the wound is best sutured in an operating room. Incorrectly applied sutures and contact with the wound surface of non-sterile objects can provoke the development of an extensive inflammatory process. This, in turn, will aggravate the situation and slow down the wound healing process.

How to sew up a wound with a band-aid?

It is difficult to call it full-fledged seams, but in the presence of an adhesive plaster, the amount of tissue divergence can be reduced. For these purposes, several strips of the patch are taken, the healthy ends of the wound are squeezed with the left hand and the patch is attached. This allows you to speed up the regeneration processes, and also reduces the likelihood of penetration of pathogenic microflora inside.

This method is suitable for stitching shallow cuts and wounds. In the future, you will need to consult a surgeon who will indicate the need for suturing or make sure that this procedure is unnecessary.

Long, but shallow wounds require sutures to prevent germs from entering them. This is done by the surgeon, but in the absence of the possibility of obtaining medical assistance, the sutures are applied independently. If there is no confidence in the actions, it is best to cover the wound with a clean rag or bandages and provide the victim with the fastest qualified assistance.

There are many reasons why a wound can form on the human body. For example, an abrasion forms on the leg if you scratch your knee on the asphalt properly. No matter how big and deep the wound is, over time it begins to heal, and sometimes this process is accompanied by an unpleasant itch. Let's try to figure out why the wound itches when it heals, and what it means.

When the skin itches around a healing wound, everyone thinks that this should not be, and perhaps some kind of pathology is developing. Is this true, and why do wounds itch?

The human body is designed in such a way that it responds to any “breakage” or, in our case, a wound by launching a self-healing program:

rejection of damaged tissues,
blockage of the wound by a blood clot,
formation of new tissues
rejection of a dried scab (crust).

At the last of these stages, the body produces a large amount of histamine substance, it regulates the level of inflammation in damaged tissues. He is responsible for tightening the edges and speedy healing of the wound. To a large amount of histamine concentrated in one place, the nervous system reacts as an allergen, as a result of which the wound itches when it heals.

The next source of itching at the site of the wound is the formation of new nerve endings. After the torn or cut nerve endings are replaced by new cells, the process of connections with the central nervous system and blood supply resume in them. New cells are too sensitive and react much more sharply to any irritation, sending signals to the brain much more often. A person feels these signals as an itch.

If the wound itches and does not heal, you should pay attention to the condition of the skin around. Redness, rash, and weeping blisters indicate an allergic reaction to the medicinal ointments and dressings used.

Can itching in a wound cause a complication

By itself, itching around a healed wound can do nothing to harm it. Complications will arise if a person begins to comb the problem area. The wound will remain open longer, which will lead to inevitable infection with pathogens, and subsequent inflammation.

Symptoms of developing inflammation:

the wound and the surrounding skin become hot,
possible increase in body temperature,
swelling of the blood vessels around the wound
edema,
throbbing pain
purulent discharge,
headaches, nausea (in cases of large and serious injuries).

An itching wound on the leg of a diabetic patient will cause much more problems than

a person with normal blood sugar levels. Elevated glucose content causes excessive dryness and flaking of the skin. Also, the legs of diabetics suffer more than others from edema. On the most irritated areas - toes, inner thighs, ankles and under the knees, cracks and blisters form, which itch unbearably. Combing them to large wounds, diabetics greatly increase the risk of inflammation and infection with fungi and other microbes. This is due to the fact that their wounds heal much longer than those of ordinary people.

If an unhealed wound itches and becomes wet in an elderly person or child, antibiotic therapy should be carried out. The organisms of children and the elderly are weakened, suffer from a lack of minerals and vitamins, and it is better not to let their wounds heal by chance.

How can you help yourself

It is impossible to comb the wound, even if the itching is unbearable, because you can disrupt the wound healing process, which consists of the following periods:

hydration period. In this period, the use of medicinal ointments is more appropriate, since the wound is still getting wet, which means it absorbs better. The best regenerating ointments are: Levomekol, D-panthenol, Vishnevsky Ointment, Actovegin.
dehydration period. The resulting tissues become drier and itchy. At this time, you need to take care of nourishing and moisturizing the skin.
period of epithelization. At this time, you need to try to protect the healed wound from repeated injuries. In case of serious injuries and deep wounds, physiotherapy procedures accelerating epithelization, laser therapy are performed.

If you no longer have the strength to endure the obsessive itch, you can try to do

following:

remove dead cells by gently washing the wound with soapy water,
moisturize irritated skin
apply a cold compress to the wound for twenty minutes,
lubricate the edges of the scab with baby softening cream.

Do not try to soften the drying crust with hydrogen peroxide, it is only suitable for treating fresh wounds. A practically healed wound will slow down the regeneration process, and the skin will become even drier than before. It has also been proven that the treatment of wounds with peroxide leads to the fact that scarring takes longer, and the risk of tissue infection increases.

Removing itching folk remedies

In addition to healing drugs, there are the following means of combating itching at the site of healing wounds.

Kalanchoe juice. To relieve discomfort and speed up healing, 5 drops of plant juice should be applied to the wound for 7 days.
Mullein decoction. Lotions from mullein leaves and flowers boiled for 10 minutes will help reduce itching. Apply lotions several times a day until complete healing.
Raincoat mushroom. A mushroom, cleaned and tied to a wound, can replace a bactericidal plaster in field conditions, speed up healing and relieve discomfort.
Ointment from beeswax. To prepare an ointment that can relieve inflammation and itching, you will need 5 tablespoons of any vegetable oil, 20 grams of wax and 7 streptocide tablets. The oil is brought to a boil in a water bath and wax is thrown into it. In order for the wax to melt faster, the mixture must be stirred. After wax, it is necessary to pour crushed streptocid tablets into the oil and mix everything just as well so that there are no lumps, let the mixture cool. Apply the ointment in the morning and evening under the bandage.
Sorrel. Juice or gruel from fresh sorrel is applied as a compress on inflamed and itchy skin.

It is strongly not recommended to comb a healing wound or a scar that has formed. Special attention should be paid to wounds that do not heal, itch and get wet for more than two weeks. Perhaps their slow healing signals the development of a dangerous disease. Why this happens and what to do, only a doctor can tell.

In contact with

wound healing is a complex process consisting of several intersecting phases: inflammation, proliferation and remodeling. Each phase has its specific role and its specific features at the molecular and tissue levels. Healing can occur by primary, secondary and tertiary intention. Each type of healing has its advantages and disadvantages, the choice of healing method depends on the wound and on the characteristics of the process in each individual patient.

a) Epidemiology. Wounds can occur due to a variety of reasons, the most common of which are trauma and surgery. It is not possible to calculate the exact ratio of the causes of wounds.

b) Terminology. The wound healing process consists of three overlapping phases. The initial phase of wound healing is the inflammatory phase, which begins immediately after tissue damage. It is characterized by gradual wound closure and migration of inflammatory components of the immune system. In the proliferation phase, a stable wound matrix is formed, and granulation tissue is formed in the healing wound. In the remodeling phase, which lasts up to two years, the scar matures and strengthens.

Granulation tissue is new emerging tissue consisting of fibroblasts and developing blood vessels. Healing by primary intention occurs when primary sutures are applied, as a result of which the “dead space” is eliminated, and the wound surface quickly re-epithelializes. If the wound heals on its own, without any surgical intervention, the process is called healing by secondary intention. In infected wounds, secondary sutures are applied and the wound heals by tertiary intention. Infected wounds require daily care, and when the infection is resolved, the edges of the wound can be brought together surgically.

Wounds can capture all layers of tissue. Soft tissues include the skin and subcutaneous tissues (adipose tissue, muscles, nerves, blood vessels). More complex injuries are combined with damage to the cartilage and bones of the facial skeleton.

in) The course of wound healing:

1. Etiology. In the vast majority of cases, wounds occur as a result of trauma and surgical interventions.

2. Pathogenesis. In the absence of proper care, the outcome of the healing of open wounds can be unfavorable. Open wounds can become infected, causing tissue destruction and delaying the healing process. Also, wounds that are contaminated and covered with dry crusts heal worse, since in these cases the migration of the epithelium to the edges of the wound is disturbed. Unfavorable wound healing can lead not only to the formation of a rough scar, but also to functional impairment, for example, eyelid retraction or difficulty in nasal breathing if the wound is located near the eye or nose, respectively.

3. natural course of the process. During the inflammatory phase, a clot formed from the bleeding tissue closes the wound. This process is accompanied by primary vasoconstriction, which is then replaced by controlled vasodilation, during which platelets and fibrin migrate to the wound. The clot also protects the wound from the environment and contamination. Inflammatory cells that have migrated into the wound release a number of cytokines and immune factors that further regulate the healing process. These include fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factors (TGFs).

Gradually formed fibronectin matrix on which proteins and cell complexes are subsequently deposited. The immune cells entering the wound bed, neutrophils and monocytes, are involved in phagocytosis. On the periphery of the wound, the migration of epithelial cells begins already 12 hours after the injury. This process is accompanied by flattening of epithelial cells and the formation of pseudopodia. In sutured wounds, the re-epithelialization process can be completed within 48 hours. Depending on the size and degree of contamination of the wound, the inflammatory phase lasts 5-15 days. Clinically, the processes described above are manifested by edema and inflammation.

During proliferative phase there is a regeneration of cellular structures inside the wound. At this time, there is an active proliferation of fibroblasts, accompanied by the deposition of collagen, and the formation of granulation tissue, consisting of inflammatory cells and new blood vessels. The clinically yellowish fibrinous plaque is gradually replaced by a clear red granulation tissue.

Remodeling phase starts after a few weeks. This is the longest phase, taking up to two years after the injury. The deposition of collagen continues, its fibers intersect, become thicker. Type III collagen is gradually replaced by type I collagen, which ensures the formation of a stronger scar. The cellular composition also undergoes changes that provide long-term maintenance of tissue integrity. For example, fibroblasts differentiate into myofibroblasts, contributing to wound contraction. Blood vessels slowly regress; clinically, this process is accompanied by the disappearance of hyperemia and the appearance of a mature scar of typically white color.

4. Possible Complications. If left untreated, the wound can become infected, resulting in healing resulting in the formation of a cosmetically unsatisfactory scar. If the large vessels of the face and neck are damaged, serious bleeding can occur. Unrecognized trauma to the facial nerve can lead to permanent paralysis. Damage to the parenchyma or duct of the parotid salivary gland may result in the formation of a salivary-cutaneous fistula or sialocele.

1. Complaints. If the wound is in the healing stage, patients usually complain of pain and discomfort. Deeper wounds to the face and neck may also be accompanied by dysfunction of the nerves or salivary glands. Sometimes patients do not attach importance to them, so the doctor must be careful to detect them. Damage to the bones of the facial skeleton can lead to additional complaints, such as diplopia in explosive orbital fractures, or malocclusion in fractures of the mandible or midface.

2. Survey. In most patients with soft tissue wounds, additional examination methods are not required. Penetrating head and neck injuries should alert the clinician to major vessel injury requiring CT angiography. In case of any bone injuries, it is necessary to perform CT scan. If surgical suturing of the wound is necessary, the main blood parameters (hemoglobin, electrolytes, indicators of the coagulation system) are determined.

3. Differential Diagnosis. The cause of an injury can often be identified at the patient's initial presentation. It is essential that when managing a patient with soft tissue injuries, the physician can formulate a “reconstructive algorithm”, which is a concept for the treatment of patients with soft tissue injuries. The algorithm starts with the simplest methods, and then gradually moves to the most complex ones.

Areas of the face where wound healing is optimal by secondary intention.

As the complexity increases, reconstructive algorithm includes the following steps:
1. Wound healing without surgery (secondary intention)
2. Wound healing with delayed suturing (tertiary tension)
3. Simple wound closure (primary intention)
4. Complex wound closure with plasty with local tissues (primary intention)
5. Skin grafts
6. Comprehensive treatment using distant tissues (regional or free flaps).

e) Healing prognosis of head and neck wounds. The correct analysis of the existing wound and the choice of an appropriate method of treatment usually reduce the risk of a rough scar. Some wounds may require repeat surgery to achieve optimal results. First of all, the prognosis is influenced by the desire of both the patient and the surgeon to make every effort to promote favorable wound healing.

The farther from the head, the longer. Without primary surgical treatment, the wound heals by secondary intention, through the process of suppuration. Terms can vary from 2 to 3 weeks. Depending on the size of the wound surface.

The wound does not owe anything to anyone, and therefore, for each person, it heals exactly as long as local conditions allow it - the individual qualities of a person. Yes, I forgot, natural conditions still play a role. For example, everyone knows that in Primorye, wounds heal longer and more painfully due to the high humidity of the climate. And the energy of the person himself can also influence the healing of a wound. Once in the Soviet magazine "Around the World" I read about one either African or Australian tribe of aborigines, whose representative demonstrated his abilities of this kind to Soviet scientists: he took a knife and slashed his arm, making a rather deep wound, which is usually treated as doctor. But his blood very quickly clotted and coagulated, and in just a few minutes the bleeding stopped. And by evening, only a scar remained in place of this wound, as if the wound had been inflicted a very long time ago.

All about cuts

General information

blunt objects that leave wounds with torn edges. Such wounds usually appear in the area of the bones ( on knees, fingers). The tissues around such wounds are very swollen and severely injured, they are harder to scar, since their edges are uneven,
sharp objects that leave cut wounds. Such wounds can be quite deep and affect not only the upper layers of tissues, but also deeper ones,
thin and sharp objects that leave puncture wounds,
combined injuries that remain after exposure to sharp and blunt objects.

What symptoms to look out for?

If the cut is on the face, the wound is long or deep enough, if its edges do not close with a band-aid, a doctor's help is needed. Dangerous are deep wounds in the area of \u200b\u200bthe joints, on the chest, neck, face, palms. Also, you should definitely show the wounds to the doctor if the victim is a baby, if the tissue around the wound turns red, swells and hurts. These are signs of infection. Attention should be paid if tissue around the wound has lost sensitivity. If the blood does not stop, the victim has impaired motor skills of the limbs or fingers, or if he is in shock, you need to urgently call an ambulance.

Complications

injury to large veins and arteries,
cut infection ( the wound hurts, becomes covered with pus, turns red),
tetanus. This is a serious disease that affects the nervous system. It is incurable. The pathogen develops in deep wounds without access to oxygen. To prevent the development of the disease, tetanus toxoid is administered, which has been in effect for ten years.

Incised extensor tendon injury

Treatment and stop bleeding

wound cleansing,
blood stop,
sterile wound closure
antiseptic treatment.

Cleansing the wound done with soapy water. Washing should be done with a piece of cotton wool or a bandage. Rapid washing of the wound allows you to remove sources of infection and prevent wound suppuration. After lathering the wound, rinse thoroughly with clean water. This procedure should be done daily until the wound is completely scarred.

If the wound is very dirty, 3% hydrogen peroxide or an antiseptic solution can also be used.

If a small child has a cut on the lips or chin, do not apply a bandage, as it will collect food and saliva.

The sterile dressing should not be changed frequently, only if the dressing is loose or dirty. But even in this case, you can not change the bandage, but only bandage it on top again with a clean bandage.

The quickest way is to press down on the cut with a clean bandage or cloth. The bandage must be pressed tightly enough and held until the bleeding stops ( sometimes up to a quarter of an hour). This procedure is ineffective only if the arteries are affected. To make the blood flow less intensively, you need to raise the wounded limb up.

Aqueous solutions are used to treat wounds, as well as wetting swabs and wipes for sterile dressings. This treatment is completely painless and is often used to treat wounds in babies.

What to do with a finger injury?

Here is a little secret: how to put it on your finger so that it is convenient for them to act, and so that the bandage does not move out. The usual bandaging of the finger most often only leads to the fact that the bandages slip off after a while. And sometimes they dry up to the wound, and then changing the dressing is painful and unpleasant. To prevent all these troubles, you should wrap your finger at the cut site with a ribbon of paper covering the entire phalanx. After that, you can wrap a bandage or stick a patch. Such a paper wrapper will protect the wound, move its edges and help heal faster.

This bandage is easier to remove because the paper will not stick to the wound. According to experienced people, it is best to use white stationery. Before applying it should be treated with hydrogen peroxide.

Ointment treatment

It is produced in the form of ointment, spray, cream and lotion. Contains vitamin B5, quickly heals wounds, restores tissues, can be used to treat mucous membranes. Treat the affected area once a day.

Relieves inflammation, antiseptic, accelerates tissue repair. Wounds are treated once a day.

Relieves inflammation, stops bleeding, accelerates tissue repair. It is prescribed if the cut does not heal for a long time. The affected surface is treated two or three times a day before going to bed, a bandage is made.

Relieves inflammation, destroys microbes, accelerates tissue repair. It is very indicated for long-term non-scarring cuts. Processing is carried out several times a day.

Produced in the form of an iodine solution and ointment. Strong antiseptic. May cause local skin irritation.

It inhibits the development of pathogenic microbes, anesthetizes, accelerates scarring. Processing is carried out once or twice a day. Effective for purulent wounds.

Antiseptic, inhibits the development of microbes. It is prescribed for the treatment of wounds, including very contaminated ( first washed with an aqueous solution, then an ointment is applied).

Special instructions for the use of certain drugs

If the cut does not scar for a long time, you should drink a course of vitamins of groups B, C, E and A,
Treatment of wounds with iodine can provoke individual intolerance,
People with impaired thyroid function should use iodine supplements only under the direction of a doctor,
Solutions of boric acid cannot be used to treat large surfaces of the body, as the drug is absorbed into the bloodstream and poisoning may develop. It is very dangerous for babies. Signs of boric acid poisoning: nausea, rash, kidney failure, diarrhea,
Alcohol preparations should not be applied to the wound surface, using them only to lubricate the skin around the wound,
Since any alcohol preparations cause a burning sensation, it is undesirable to use them in the treatment of wounds in children,
Deep cuts should not be treated with hydrogen peroxide, as air bubbles are likely to clog vessels,
Lifusol ointment creates a thin protective film on the surface of the wound, which protects the wound from microbes. You can remove it by wiping the body with alcohol,
Lifusol is a combustible agent. In addition, you should not give a tube of ointment to babies.

Antibiotics

What influences the rate of healing?

How to get rid of scars?

For the correct choice of the method of scar removal, you must first of all keep in mind the nature of the injury and its depth.

When should you definitely see a doctor?

blood is ejected from the wound in jerks, if the blood is scarlet, it is likely that a blood vessel has been cut,
blood flows profusely and does not stop,
the cut is in a prominent place and the scar on it is undesirable,
the hands are affected - there are important tendons and nerves,
in the presence of symptoms of inflammation - redness, covering the tissues more than 2 cm around the cut, swelling of the tissues,
increase in body temperature,
the wound is deep enough - in such cases it is necessary to suture,
the wound is dirty, and the last tetanus shot was more than five years old,
earth and animal feces got into the wound ( e.g. manure) - in such environments there is a lot of the causative agent of tetanus,
the wound does not heal long enough, exudate flows from it,
after injury, the victim vomits and vomits - this is more true for head injuries in babies.

Help doctor

clean the wound from dirt and splinters,
stitch up,
if nerves, tendons or blood vessels are damaged - send to the hospital,
prescribe antibiotics if the wound is infected,
give an injection against tetanus.

First aid and treatment for deep cuts on the fingers

Fingers are the most susceptible to a variety of injuries. Cooking, gardening, car repairs, home repairs, and many other daily activities involve manual work and, therefore, can cause injury to the fingers, the most common of which are cuts to the thumb and forefinger. Every person should know how to act if he cut his finger.

Types of cuts

There are several types of cuts:

Cuts caused by blunt objects are characterized by ragged edges of the wound, can be combined with bruises and flattening of soft tissues, which complicates the treatment.
Wounds from sharp objects have smooth edges, which facilitates healing. However, deep cuts are often applied with sharp objects, which can affect, in addition to skin with small capillaries, large vessels, ligaments, and even bones.
Another type of injury is more of a puncture than a cut. They are also applied with sharp thin objects. The treatment of such puncture cuts is complicated by the fact that the wound channel is usually narrow and deep. The finger quickly swells, but the blood does not stop, it soaks the tissues around, because of this, the wound quickly rots, the finger begins to abscess. Such cuts are characterized by blue finger.
Often, the finger is not just cut, but a piece of flesh is cut off. In this case, it is extremely important to protect the wound from the ingress of pathogenic microorganisms, since the open area is much larger than with a conventional cut.

First aid for a deep cut

Deep cuts can be complicated by tendon incisions. It is easy to get such an injury if you cut your finger with a blender or other electrical device of sufficient power to deeply cut the flesh. With such injuries, the sensitivity of the finger is lost. The patient cannot move, bend and unbend them.

These symptoms are a direct indication for going to the doctor.

In most cases, surgical intervention is necessary - stitching the tendons, sewing up the cut. Self-treatment can lead to serious complications. But first you need to provide emergency assistance.

Initially, you need to determine the intensity of bleeding. If the blood pulsates or whips in a constant stream, it means that a vessel much larger than a capillary is affected. It is necessary to stop the bleeding as soon as possible. To do this, a tourniquet or elastic band is applied to the finger above the cut. It drags on exactly until the moment the blood stops, no more. It is better to fix the time when the tourniquet was applied. Every minute it is necessary to loosen the tourniquet, in order to avoid the death of tissues to which blood access has been limited.

The second step is to wash the wound. As a rule, a 3 or 6 percent solution of hydrogen peroxide is used for this, which also has hemostatic properties. If there is no peroxide at hand, then it is permissible to rinse the wound under running cold water. However, many doctors do not recommend doing this with tap water, because the quality of the pipes often leaves much to be desired, there is a high risk of infection.

After the wound is washed, a moderately tight dressing of gauze or bandage is applied. You can also use any piece of clean cotton or linen fabric.

After this, the victim must be immediately taken to the hospital or an ambulance called. All this time, it is better to keep the wounded hand raised, at face level, this will help slow down or even stop the bleeding.

How to treat a cut on your finger

The treatment of cuts consists of 4 main stages: washing, stopping bleeding, treating the wound, dressing.

Washing

So, first of all, you need to examine the wound. If there are foreign objects inside, they must be removed. It is convenient to use tweezers for this. To remove the remaining dust, dirt, and possibly particles of the injured object from the wound, for example, pieces of glass, it must be washed and disinfected. Hydrogen peroxide solution does an excellent job of this. It must be poured directly into the wound. There, the peroxide begins to foam, thereby pushing out everything superfluous. It also exhibits antiseptic properties. In addition to peroxide, an aqueous solution of furacilin or a soapy solution can be used to wash the wound. It is important to thoroughly rinse the soapy solution with cold running water after the procedure. Properly performed procedure will allow you to keep the walls of the wound in its original position, which will contribute to the speedy healing.

Stopping the blood

After the wound is washed, it is necessary to stop the bleeding.

Usually, with a shallow cut, the blood stops on its own within minutes.

Provided that the victim, for some reason, does not have impaired blood clotting. It is enough to keep your hand elevated after washing. If the bleeding does not stop within the specified time, you need to press the cut with a bandage or cloth. When blood continues to show through the bandage, another tighter bandage should be applied over the old one. You can not remove the old bandage until the bleeding stops. Because there is a risk of removing already caked blood and provoking bleeding with renewed vigor.

Bleeding that cannot be stopped in this way for minutes can be dangerous and should be treated by a doctor.

The tourniquet is used exclusively for wounding large vessels, as it severely restricts blood circulation. Incorrect use of it can lead to irreversible consequences.

Wound treatment

After stopping the blood, it is necessary to remove the hemostatic bandage, if it has been applied. It is better to moisten a dried bandage with a solution of furacilin, for its painless removal. If necessary, wipe the wound with a swab moistened with the same solution to remove the remnants of the dressing. Then dry the cut with a piece of dry, clean cloth. Next, the wound is treated with an antiseptic to prevent infection and subsequent suppuration. Around the wound, the skin is treated with an alcohol solution of iodine or brilliant green.

It is extremely important to ensure that these drugs do not get on the edges, and even more so directly into the wound, because there they can kill living tissue.

This will slow down tissue regeneration and make treatment more difficult. In addition, the alcohol solution will cause additional pain, which is especially undesirable if the child has injured the finger. The wound itself is treated with antibiotic ointments, such as levomekol, methyluracil, gentamicin ointment, levosin, tetracycline ointment. It is important to apply the ointment in moderate doses. Too much ointment causes softening of the edges of the cut, which complicates the treatment. After treating the wound, it must be properly bandaged.

dressing

To begin with, it is recommended to wrap the finger with a paper strip moistened with hydrogen peroxide, this will help to avoid pain when changing the bandage. Paper must be clean, without text. Printer inks and inks contain harmful substances. In this case, the edges of the wound should be moved together as much as possible, especially if the wound is deep, to the meat. A bandage is applied over the paper to the finger. It should be tight enough to hold the edges of the wound together. At the same time, the bandage should not strongly squeeze the finger, block the blood flow. Blood supplies oxygen to damaged tissues. This promotes faster healing.

With a small cut, you can get by with a bactericidal patch.

The bandage is changed once a day.

With proper treatment, small cuts heal completely in 4-5 days. Deeper cuts complicated by suppuration or damage to the ligaments heal much longer.

If the wound festered, then the treatment process may be delayed for days.

Damaged ligaments recover from 3-4 weeks to 3 months.

Factors affecting the rate of wound healing

Healing depends on many factors. The main ones are:

Blood supply. The tissues must be adequately supplied with oxygen, which is delivered by the blood. The higher the oxygen concentration in the tissues, the more active the immune system works, the vessels and skin integuments are restored faster, the production of collagen, one of the most important proteins, which plays a key role in the process of tissue regeneration of the human body, is accelerated.
Patient's diet. For the production of collagen fibers, proteins, minerals, vitamins, and carbohydrates are needed. A large number of these components contain meat, dairy products, nuts.
High-quality isolation of the wound from the external environment. Microorganisms trapped in the wound not only cause purulent inflammation. They also absorb oxygen, which is so necessary for immune processes.

Possible Complications

Even the smallest, at first glance, insignificant cut can result in a number of complications.

The most common of these is inflammation with suppuration. The edges of the wound become red, swelling is noticeable. The patient is worried about throbbing pain in the finger. Especially often this complication manifests itself in cuts with a deep narrow channel. From suppuration, dressings with Levomekol ointment, as well as its analogues, such as Ichthyol ointment and balsamic liniment according to Vishnevsky, help well. They effectively cope with inflammation, draw pus well from the wound.

An extremely dangerous complication is infection of the wound with a bacterium that causes tetanus. This disease affects the nervous system. It is incurable! If the cut was caused by a dirty object such as glass or a rusty nail. Be sure to rinse the cut thoroughly and see a doctor for tetanus toxoid injections.

Finger cuts are very common household injuries. You can cut yourself with a knife in the kitchen, with a razor at the mirror, even with a sheet of office paper. The vast majority of finger cuts are not terrible. They are easily treated at home. However, even the smallest cuts should not be neglected.

It is important to take the necessary treatment measures in time.

Ignoring them threatens with the most unpleasant consequences.

Every home and every workplace should have a first aid kit with the essentials for first aid: cotton wool; bandage; bactericidal plaster; tourniquet; hydrogen peroxide; furacilin tablets; iodine or green; antibiotic ointment.

First aid for cuts. How to act to help yourself or anyone affected

How long does it take for a deep knife cut to heal?

How long does a deep cut take to heal?

It happens that at the most inopportune moment, we hurt ourselves. Sometimes these wounds are very deep. How to be in such a case? How to make a deep cut heal faster?

How to help a wound heal faster?

There are a few simple rules, following which the wound will heal much faster, and the trace of it will be almost invisible.

The area of skin around the wound must be kept moist at all times. That is, it is imperative to use an antibiotic ointment, which helps not only to ensure safety from infection, but also provides the skin with sufficient moisture. This is done because dry wounds heal more slowly. It is necessary to apply such an ointment with each dressing of the wound.

Step 2. You can not pick and tear off the resulting crust on the wound. It serves as a kind of protection of the wound from the ingress of various foreign bodies and bacteria into it. Therefore, when a person removes it, the healing process slows down, and there is also a possibility of an inflammatory process.

The plaster from the wound must be removed slowly carefully so as not to further injure the cut and tear off the protective crust. If the patch is difficult to remove, you can wet it, then it will come off easier.

You need to sleep well. Because it has long been proven that all healing processes proceed best when a person is in a state of sleep.

How do wounds and abrasions heal?

All of us experience injuries from time to time. How to speed up the healing process and, if possible, avoid scars, read our article.

Trauma is always a problem. Even the slightest scratch can give a person a lot of discomfort: inflammation, pain, swelling. And if the indicated consequences of injuries disappear after a while, then the scars, alas, remain for many years. It is especially unpleasant if scars form on visible parts of the body, such as the face, neck, hands. The appearance spoiled by scars often brings a lot of psychological problems, especially for women who care so much about their beauty.

Fortunately, everything is not as tragic as it seems at first glance. With a competent approach to the treatment of wounds and abrasions, you can significantly speed up the healing process, as well as avoid scarring.

How do wounds heal?

To begin with, let's figure out how wound healing occurs? Believe me, a deeper understanding of the processes only contribute to the correct treatment tactics. The wound healing process takes place in several stages:

phase of inflammation. Immediately after the injury, the body begins to deal with the problem. Initially, a blood clot forms in the tissues in order to stop the bleeding. On the other hand, the body needs to constantly fight off microorganisms that can get into an open wound. This whole process is accompanied by inflammation - a process in which immune cells are involved at the site of injury, and swelling is formed that presses on the nerve endings, thereby causing pain. The inflammation phase can last up to 7 days. Already on the 7th day, the wound begins to fill with granulation tissue - connective tissue, which is formed during wound healing;
proliferation phase. Approximately starts on the 7th day and can last up to 4 weeks. In the proliferation phase, the wound is actively filled with connective granulation tissue, which is based on collagen. Also, the wound is filled with capillaries and inflammatory cells. This is how a young scar is formed. At this stage, the scar is easily stretched. Due to the high content of vessels in it, the scar has a bright red color, which makes it easily visible;
scar formation phase. The scar begins to form from about the 4th week, and this process can last up to 1 year. The bright red scar formed during the proliferation phase begins to fade and the scar becomes less visible. As a result, the site of the lesion is finally filled with connective and epithelial tissue. Primary collagen is replaced by coarser collagen. Thus, a scar is formed, which takes the final (completed) form.

Fast healing

In parallel, wound healing takes place in 2 stages: hydration and dehydration. The stage of wound hydration is the period when the wound is still moist. Accordingly, the dehydration stage is the time when the wound remains dry. In this regard, in order to achieve speedy healing, it is important to use wound healing drugs (D-panthenol, etc.) in time. It should be borne in mind that during the hydration stage, the wound needs moisturizing and regular cleansing. And at the stage of dehydration, the wound needs protection and nutrition of the formed tissues. Therefore, it is very important to use wound-healing drugs already at the “weeping” stage. So the wound will close faster, in addition, the risk of infection of the wound will be significantly reduced.

Sweat glands help heal wounds, burns, and ulcers. This conclusion was made by scientists from the University of Michigan.

In addition, accelerated wound healing usually does not result in scarring, or minor scarring may occur. Well, if scars nevertheless formed, for example, with deep cuts or burns, then there are remedies for this case. In pharmacies, you can buy special products (ointments, gels) that prevent scarring. However, it is important to apply them as soon as the wound has healed. Thus, in the treatment of scars, you will achieve the maximum effect.

how long does a cut on the finger heal

In the section Diseases, Medications, to the question How long does a deep cut of the finger with a knife heal? given by the author Nadegda the best answer is The plaster will have to be removed. Otherwise, the blood and lymph under the patch form a breeding ground for microorganisms. treat with peroxide and brilliant green. Pull the edges and apply a bandage. Dressing should be done 1 time per day. If the bandage sticks to the wound, soak with peroxide or furatsilin. It will heal in about 4-5 days.

Sorry it's late, been busy away from the computer. Technically, it looks like this: bend the finger a little so that the skin is not stretched, then the edges of the wound will converge and apply a tight bandage. It is necessary to bandage the finger entirely, capturing two joints. (So that the finger does not bend) Something like this. Get well.

Everyone is not the same. It depends on the organism.

streptocid (powder or crushed tablet) into the wound, fill it up and everything will heal quickly (3 days), a small invisible scar will remain as a memory.

1) REMOVE the adhesive plaster, otherwise the wound will fester!

2) Treat the wound with hydrogen peroxide, grease the edges of the wound (healthy skin) with brilliant green.

3) Sprinkle the wound with streptocide powder. Streptocide powder in sachets of 2 g can be bought at a pharmacy.

4) Put a bandage on your finger.

If the wound begins to bleed profusely, sprinkle coarse salt on the wound and press the wound. Salt can be changed several times. (Salt won't hurt or irritate.)

hello, I opened a jar of pickles and the neck of the jar split, the hand moved out and cut through the first and second fingers, touched the passing artery, lost a lot of blood, 12 stitches were applied, but they could not sew the tendon, now 2 fingers do not work, the stitches were removed but the cut began diverges, we covered it with streptocide, after drying it with green paint, the wound remains with blood secretions and so on, there is no pus. what can be done in this situation.

I have never hurt the skin so deeply, to the tendon, but it was still unpleasant of course. Argosulfan cream is always, in principle, in the medicine cabinet for such cases. It is an antibacterial drug that provides protection against infection. Thanks to the silver ions in the composition, it has a dual action - antimicrobial and healing without the formation of a rough scar. Always helps, by the way!

I also have the outer part of the index finger of my left hand. I cut it about half a year ago, but the scar is still there, as if I cut my finger 3 days ago

Wound healing after surgery is the most important physiological process, the success of which determines the rate of recovery of the patient and his future health. After all, sometimes even after a successful surgical intervention during the rehabilitation period, complications arise that are associated precisely with the imperfection of caring for the wound.

How does a wound heal after surgery?

The first and most important thing that the surgeon does to speed up the healing of the wound after the operation is to bring its edges together with the help of suture material. In other words, stitches. Thanks to natural regeneration processes, over time, the wound grows together and becomes covered with new tissues.

If you delve into biology, you can distinguish three sequential healing processes.

The first is epithelization. The resulting squamous epithelial cells cover the most affected areas (with the deepest tissue damage).

The second process is convergence or contraction of the wound, when the edges are connected to each other, completely hiding the exposed mucosa. And then the third, final mechanism of postoperative wound healing occurs - this is collagenization, when collagen fibers cover the delicate skin of the wound, providing it with strong protection.

Important! If a person is healthy, then everything happens quickly and efficiently. A weakened or diseased organism sometimes does not have enough biological capabilities for this, therefore, it is necessary to select special auxiliary preparations for wound healing and take care of it more carefully.

Preparations for wound healing after surgery

From a person's first aid kit, it can sometimes be determined that he has recently undergone surgery. Because in this case, not only patches and bandages appear at his home, but also all kinds of solutions, gels and ointments for healing. Some were advised by a doctor, others were recommended by a neighbor or colleague, others were bought as a result of advice from Internet forums. And often half of the acquired is wasted, because the choice of the drug largely depends on the type of wound and the stage of its treatment.

External preparations

A good outdoor product should have the following properties:

disinfectant (does not allow the formation of harmful microbes and destroys old ones);
anti-inflammatory (stops and prevents inflammatory processes);
anesthetic (relieves pain);
regenerating (promotes speedy healing).

But it is not necessary to buy 4 different drugs in order to quickly heal the wound. Modern tools usually have two, three or even all four properties, which makes their use convenient. So, how to speed up wound healing after surgery.

Primary processing

Care of the wound and the skin around the wound should be regular. The frequency of making dressings or simply applying an external agent not under a bandage is determined by the attending physician. But before using the gel or ointment, the wound must be treated with an antiseptic, which will cleanse it of dirt and particles of dead skin, preparing the tissues for the main healing agent.

Of these antiseptics, you can use the "good old" penny remedies: hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate solution, furatsilin, chlorhexidine. Depending on the specifics of the wound and its location, the doctor will recommend which drug is best suited.

The main tool for rapid wound healing

It can be an ointment or a gel. They differ not only in their consistency, but also in their purpose. The ointment is applied to dry wounds that tighten and tear, and therefore do not heal. And the gel is better suited for weeping wounds, because it does not form a film and allows the skin to breathe.

Salicylic ointment

An ointment with antibacterial properties known since Soviet times. It is applied under a sterile bandage after pre-treatment of the wound with peroxide. You can buy salicylic ointment for only 20-30 rubles (25 g).

Despite the fact that this is an ointment, it dries up weeping wounds well and heals them. Contains zinc - a useful mineral that promotes cell division and skin regeneration.

Previously, zinc ointment was produced in dark glass jars. Today you can buy it in tubes, for 30-40 rubles per 30 g.

Levomekol

A popular antibiotic ointment that can draw pus and other dirt out of the wound. It also has regenerating properties. Must have in the surgical department of any hospital. It is relatively inexpensive: 120-130 rubles for 40 g.

eplan

It is also a fairly well-known external wound healing agent used in pregnant women and children. It has bactericidal, regenerating and anesthetic properties. It costs 100-110 rubles for 30 g.

A modern remedy based on calf's blood extract. It heals well and is usually used in cases where cheap drugs do not help. Available in the form of ointment and gel. The approximate cost of a 20-gram tube is 280-300 rubles.

Argosulfan

Or its analogue - Sulfargin. This is an ointment with silver extract, which perfectly disinfects the wound in addition to its healing and regenerating properties. Especially good for purulent postoperative wounds. For 40 g you will have to pay 350-370 rubles.

In addition to gels and ointments, another type of external preparations is actively used today - powders (powders). They are ideal for weeping postoperative wounds, because they have not only healing, but also absorbent properties - they absorb excess moisture. This, for example, Ambulance, Baneocin. Of the powder preparations of the Soviet era, many remember Streptocide. You can buy tablets and crush them, or immediately purchase a package of powder for 30-40 rubles for 2 g.

Oral preparations

The human body is a whole. And in order for the postoperative wound to heal faster, it is not enough just to smear it with a good remedy. You also need to help yourself from the inside, strengthening the immune system and creating all the conditions for quick healing. Vitamin-mineral complexes will help with this, in which the percentage of vitamins A and C, as well as zinc and omega-3 fatty acids, should be increased.

Nutrition for rapid wound healing after surgery

Instead of vitamin and mineral complexes (or at the same time with them), you can just eat right. A balanced diet also has a positive effect on recovery after surgery, in general, and on wound healing, in particular. And it also implies the presence of the previously listed components in the products. We concretize.

If the products listed above contribute to the speedy regeneration of the skin, then seasonings can be added to dishes to disinfect it from the inside. Turmeric, ginger, cloves, and even regular black or red pepper have antibacterial properties and help speed up wound healing.

Wound care rules

In order for the wound to heal faster, complete sterility must be observed. Even the simplest abrasion requires compliance with this condition, not to mention a complex open postoperative wound. Therefore, the hands of the person who will carry out the treatment should be washed with soap or wiped with alcohol. In the room where fresh wounds are treated, everything should also be sterile. Therefore, dressings in hospitals are done in dressing rooms, in which quartzization is periodically carried out. At home, you can use a portable quartz lamp.

Treatment of a postoperative wound begins with its cleansing. Peroxide, a pink solution of potassium permanganate or chlorhexidine should be poured over the wound or wiped with a sterile bandage soaked in one of the products.

Attention! When treating postoperative wounds, it is not recommended to use cotton pads and sticks. First, they are non-sterile. Secondly, the villi can remain inside the wound and provoke suppuration.

After treatment, the wound should dry out a little. If necessary, you can speed up the process with a sterile bandage. Then you can take an ointment or gel and apply the product according to the instructions, with or without a bandage.

At the next dressing, remove the old bandage carefully so as not to damage the tissue. If the bandage is dry, it must be soaked by watering with chlorhexidine, for example. Plain water is not recommended.