Ulcerative colitis: varieties, diet menu, herbs and drugs. Ulcerative colitis of the intestine: symptoms, treatment, causes

The disease nonspecific ulcerative colitis (NUC), characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, occurs as a result of a combination of genetic factors with external causes that exacerbate symptoms and serve as a sign of the disease. The disease has a tendency to exacerbate and increases the risk of cancer of the rectum or colon. Timely diagnosis and measures taken can improve the quality of life and prevent dangerous consequences.

What is ulcerative colitis

NUC is accompanied by destruction of cells and tissues of the intestine against the background of a deficiency of immunoglobulins, which provokes the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into tissues with subsequent inflammation. The disease occurs in the proportion of 100 cases for every 100 thousand of the population. The definition carries a collective semantic load, the disease is divided into forms depending on localization, which, according to the international classification of ICD-10, have the code K51.

Symptoms

The symptoms of UC in adults have a wide range of manifestations, which leads to the absence of serious concern for the patient and the expectation that "it will pass by itself." In the opposite case (fulminant colitis), the patient goes straight to the hospital. You need to contact a specialist if you notice the following symptoms:

Blood with excreted feces is the surest sign. These may be faint marks on toilet paper or blood clots.
Fragments of mucus and purulent discharge in the feces.
Diarrhea, in which the number of diarrhea reaches 20 per day.
With the defeat of the sigmoid department, constipation is characteristic.
Tenesmus (false urge to defecate). Often caused by accumulations of pus and mucus that come out instead of stool (rectal spit).
Flatulence.
Pain in the left side of the abdomen (left-sided colitis).
Against the background of intoxication, fever develops and the temperature rises.

Extraintestinal manifestations of UC

Non-intestinal lesions caused by UC are diverse. Some are caused by the ileocolitis form (Crohn's disease) - lesions in the oral cavity, others - by the chronic form of enterocolitis. In total, extraintestinal manifestations occur in no more than 20% of patients. Typical ones include:

erythema nodosum (inflammation of the vessels of the skin and subcutaneous fat);
pyoderma gangrenosum (skin necrosis);
symptoms of aphthous stomatitis in the oral cavity in the form of erosions;
various eye lesions: conjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis, episcleritis, retrobulbar neuritis, choroiditis;
joint damage in the form of arthritis, increased fragility (osteoporosis) and softening of the bones (osteomalacia);
necrosis of a separate segment of bone tissue (aseptic necrosis);
a third of patients experience lung damage;
violation of the endocrine system leads to total damage to the liver, pancreas and biliary tract

Signs of ulcerative colitis of the intestine

In the course of the development of the disease, the damage to the mucous membranes increases, which leads to the formation of ulcers, sometimes penetrating to the layer of muscle tissue. In the chronic course of peptic ulcer, conglomerates of cells (inflammatory polyps) appear, which are formed in the process of restoring the affected intestinal epithelium. In a severe form of the disease, the large intestine thickens, and its lumen narrows, haustras (protrusions of the wall) disappear. In the acute phase, capillaries expand in the mucosal epithelium and hemorrhages occur, leading to ischemic necrosis.

The reasons

The exact etiology of the disease has not yet been established. There is a correlation between the psycho-emotional state that provokes the disease. To date, experts are seriously discussing three conceptually feasible options:

Genetic predisposition, including autoimmune disorders. There are a number of studies that fix the same gene mutations in a large number of patients. However, not all people with such pathologies are susceptible to the disease.
Infectious pathology.
Adverse environmental factors: strong contraceptives, strict diets.

Classification

For a systematic classification of UC, it is best to refer to the International Classification of Diseases system. In accordance with this system, the disease is divided into forms:

Chronic ulcerative enterocolitis (lesion of the mucous membrane of the small and large intestines) - K51.0.
Chronic ulcerative form of ileocolitis, also known as Crohn's disease (lesion of the ileum and colon) - K51.1.
Chronic ulcerative form of proctitis (damage to the mucous membrane of the rectum) - K51.2.
Chronic ulcerative form of sigmoiditis (damage to the sigmoid colon) - K51.3
Pseudopolyposis (restructuring of the mucous tissues of the intestine, their dysplasia) - K51.4.
Mucosal type proctocolitis (lesion of the rectum, sigmoid and descending transverse colon, including the splenic angle) - K51.5.

Diagnostics

A gastroenterologist can determine distal nonspecific colitis when examining a patient and detecting a number of specific signs. In addition to visual examination, laboratory blood tests are carried out. The patient has a decrease in the number of red blood cells, hemoglobin (signs of anemia), an increased number of leukocytes, C-reactive protein (which is an indicator of inflammation).

An immunological study of blood in patients shows an increase in the level of cytoplasmic antineutrophil antibodies. Of the instrumental methods, the following methods are used:

endoscopy (rectosigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy) - reveal the presence of ulcers, polyps, intestinal bleeding, atrophy of the colon mucosa;
radiography - a contrasting barium mixture is used, the patient is found to have an expansion of the intestinal lumen, the formation of ulcers.

Treatment of ulcerative colitis

Treatment of UC consists of a comprehensive symptomatic approach. The objectives of therapy include the elimination of immune inflammation with medications, the maintenance of remission with the help of folk recipes and the patient's diet, and the prevention of local complications. If the methods of classical drug therapy do not help to cure the patient or the effect of them is weak, a surgical operation is performed.

Conservative therapy

Treatment of nonspecific ulcerative colitis begins with medication. Popular groups of drugs are:

Antibiotics - are used after surgery, with fevers and sepsis, toxic dilatation of the colon. Of the available drugs, Trichopolum, Metronidazole are isolated at a dose of 10-20 mg / kg per day.
Immunosuppressants or cytostatics - are prescribed when corticosteroids are ineffective or continuous treatment. Azathioprine, Methotrexate, Cyclosporine are prescribed. The dose is set by the doctor (from 25 to 100 mg / day), the course of treatment is at least three months.
Immunomodulators - Timalin and Taktivin correct the immunological imbalance, eliminate the process of inflammation, help to cure the disease in a complex way.
Angioprotectors - Parmidin, Trental.
Enterosorbents - Polyphepan, Karbolen, Enterosgel, Vaulin.
Intestinal antiseptics - Intestopan, Furazolidone.
Antidiarrheal drugs - Almalox, Reasek, Imodium.
Enzymes - Mezim, Creon, Pancreatin.
Biological products (pre-and probiotics) - Lactobacterin, Bifikol.

Anti-inflammatory drugs

The first in the list of drugs for the treatment of colitis are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticoids. They are assigned on an individual basis and are divided into the following groups:

Aminosalicylic acid preparations are salicylates that inhibit the synthesis of inflammatory mediators. These include Sulfasalazine, Mesalazine, Pentasa.
Azo compounds - Olsalazin, Balsalazid, Salofalk, Mesacol. Available in the form of tablets, microclysters and rectal suppositories.
Hormone therapy with glucocorticoids - used in the absence of the effect of salicylates, they are distinguished by a rapid effect. Means are administered rectally or systemically. Popular drugs are Prednisolone and Methylprednisolone at a dose of 1-2 mg / kg of body weight for a course of 10-20 weeks.

Diet

Of great importance is the diet in ulcerative colitis of the colon. During periods of exacerbation, the patient is recommended fasting, only water is allowed. With a long remission, you need to adhere to the following nutritional rules:

reduce the amount of fat, increase the percentage of protein, include lean fish, meat, cottage cheese, eggs in the diet;
give up coarse fiber, bananas, milk, chocolate, coffee, citrus fruits, strawberries, red apples, muffins, spicy foods;
from carbohydrates, cereals, honey, kissels, jelly, compotes, decoctions are allowed;
with a high severity of lesions, the patient is transferred to parenteral and enteral nutrition;
pomegranate juice is used as an astringent.

Treatment with folk remedies

Chronic colitis is accompanied by diarrhea and constipation, traditional medicine recipes will help cure them:

Mix chamomile and yarrow in a 5:1 ratio, add an equal amount of nettle, St. John's wort and wild rose. Brew a tablespoon of the collection with a glass of water or put in a water bath. Drink a glass before meals to stop diarrhea and bleeding and prevent putrefaction.
To restore intestinal motility, mix equal amounts of herbs: chamomile, goutweed, nettle, mint, valerian root, blueberries. Pour three tablespoons in a thermos with three cups of boiling water overnight. Drink a glass before meals.
For the treatment of edema, rapid cell recovery and wound healing, it is recommended to do microclysters with sea buckthorn oil. Dial 50 ml of oil into a pear, enter into the rectum in a supine position for the night. Empty your bowels in the morning, drink 1-2 tablespoons of oil on an empty stomach.

Surgery

If conservative treatment fails, surgery is indicated. Types of operations are colectomy (removal of the colon or part of it), proctocolectomy (removal of the rectum and colon), proctocolectomy with ileostomy (without preserving the anus). The reasons for the operation are.

- This is a diffuse ulcerative-inflammatory lesion of the mucous membrane of the large intestine, accompanied by the development of severe local and systemic complications. The clinic of the disease is characterized by cramping abdominal pain, diarrhea mixed with blood, intestinal bleeding, extraintestinal manifestations. Ulcerative colitis is diagnosed based on the results of colonoscopy, barium enema, CT, and endoscopic biopsy. Treatment can be conservative (diet, physiotherapy, medications) and surgical (resection of the affected area of the colon).

General information

Nonspecific ulcerative colitis (UC) is a type of chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine of unknown etiology. It is characterized by a tendency to ulceration of the mucosa. Pathology proceeds cyclically, exacerbations are replaced by remissions. The most characteristic clinical signs are diarrhea with streaks of blood, abdominal pain of a spastic nature. Long-term ulcerative colitis increases the risk of malignant tumors in the large intestine.

The incidence is about 50-80 cases per 100 thousand of the population. At the same time, 3-15 new cases of the disease are detected annually for every 100 thousand inhabitants. Women are more prone to the development of this pathology than men; UC occurs 30% more often in them. For nonspecific ulcerative colitis, primary detection is characteristic in two age groups: in young people (15-25 years old) and older people (55-65 years old). But besides this, the disease can occur at any other age. Unlike Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis only affects the lining of the colon and rectum.

The reasons

The etiology of ulcerative colitis is currently unknown. According to the assumptions of researchers in the field of modern proctology, immune and genetically determined factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. One theory for the occurrence of ulcerative colitis suggests that the cause may be viruses or bacteria that activate the immune system, or autoimmune disorders (sensitization of immunity against one's own cells).

In addition, it was noted that ulcerative colitis is more common in people whose close relatives suffer from this disease. Genes have now also been identified that may be responsible for hereditary predisposition to ulcerative colitis.

Classification

Nonspecific ulcerative colitis is distinguished by the localization and prevalence of the process. Left-sided colitis is characterized by damage to the descending colon and sigmoid colon, proctitis is manifested by inflammation in the rectum, with total colitis, the entire large intestine is affected.

Symptoms of UC

As a rule, the course of nonspecific ulcerative colitis is undulating, periods of remission are replaced by exacerbations. At the time of exacerbation, ulcerative colitis manifests itself with different symptoms, depending on the localization of the inflammatory process in the intestine and the intensity of the pathological process. With a predominant lesion of the rectum (ulcerative proctitis), bleeding from the anus, painful tenesmus, and pain in the lower abdomen may occur. Sometimes bleeding is the only clinical manifestation of proctitis.

In left-sided ulcerative colitis, when the descending colon is affected, diarrhea usually occurs, and the stool contains blood. Pain in the abdomen can be quite pronounced, cramping, mainly in the left side and (with sigmoiditis) in the left iliac region. Decreased appetite, prolonged diarrhea, and indigestion often lead to weight loss.

Total colitis is manifested by intense pain in the abdomen, constant profuse diarrhea, severe bleeding. Total ulcerative colitis is a life-threatening condition, as it threatens with the development of dehydration, collapses due to a significant drop in blood pressure, hemorrhagic and orthostatic shock.

Especially dangerous is the fulminant (fulminant) form of nonspecific ulcerative colitis, which is fraught with the development of severe complications up to the rupture of the colon wall. One of the common complications in this course of the disease is a toxic enlargement of the colon (megacolon). It is assumed that the occurrence of this condition is associated with the blockade of intestinal smooth muscle receptors by excess nitric oxide, which causes total relaxation of the muscular layer of the large intestine.

In 10-20% of cases, patients with ulcerative colitis have extraintestinal manifestations: dermatological pathologies (pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum), stomatitis, inflammatory eye diseases (iritis, iridocyclitis, uveitis, scleritis and episcleritis), joint diseases (arthritis, sacroiliitis, spondylitis ), lesions of the biliary system (sclerosing cholangitis), osteomalacia (softening of the bones) and osteoporosis, vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels), myositis and glomerulonephritis.

Complications

A fairly common and serious complication of non-specific ulcerative colitis is toxic megacolon - an expansion of the colon as a result of paralysis of the muscles of the intestinal wall in the affected area. With toxic megacolon, intense pain and bloating in the abdomen, fever, and weakness are noted.

In addition, ulcerative colitis can be complicated by massive intestinal bleeding, intestinal rupture, narrowing of the colon, dehydration due to large fluid loss with diarrhea, and colon cancer.

Diagnostics

The main diagnostic method that detects ulcerative colitis is colonoscopy, which allows you to examine in detail the lumen of the large intestine and its internal walls. Irrigoscopy and X-ray examination with barium can detect ulcerative wall defects, changes in the size of the intestine (megacolon), impaired peristalsis, narrowing of the lumen. An effective method for visualizing the intestine is computed tomography.

In addition, they produce a coprogram, a test for occult blood, and bacteriological culture. A blood test for ulcerative colitis shows a picture of nonspecific inflammation. Biochemical indicators can signal the presence of concomitant pathologies, digestive disorders, functional disorders in the functioning of organs and systems. During a colonoscopy, a biopsy of the altered portion of the colon wall is usually performed for histological examination.

Treatment of UC

Since the causes of nonspecific ulcerative colitis are not fully understood, the objectives of the treatment of this disease are to reduce the intensity of the inflammatory process, subside the clinical symptoms and prevent exacerbations and complications. With timely proper treatment and strict adherence to the recommendations of a proctologist, it is possible to achieve stable remission and improve the patient's quality of life.

Treatment of ulcerative colitis is carried out by therapeutic and surgical methods, depending on the course of the disease and the condition of the patient. One of the important elements of symptomatic therapy of nonspecific ulcerative colitis is dietary nutrition.

In severe cases of the disease in the midst of clinical manifestations, the proctologist may recommend a complete refusal to eat, limiting himself to drinking water. Most often, patients with exacerbation lose their appetite and endure the ban quite easily. If necessary, parenteral nutrition is prescribed. Sometimes patients are transferred to parenteral nutrition in order to more quickly alleviate the condition with severe colitis. Eating is resumed immediately after the appetite is restored.

Dietary recommendations for ulcerative colitis are aimed at stopping diarrhea and reducing irritation of food components to the intestinal mucosa. Foods containing dietary fiber, fiber, spicy, sour foods, alcoholic beverages, roughage are removed from the diet. In addition, patients suffering from chronic inflammation of the intestines are recommended to increase the protein content in the diet (at the rate of 1.5-2 grams per kilogram of body per day).

Drug therapy for ulcerative colitis includes anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants (azathioprine, methotrexate, cyclosporine, mercaptopurine) and anticytokines (infliximab). In addition, symptomatic agents are prescribed: antidiarrheals, painkillers, iron preparations with signs of anemia.

As anti-inflammatory drugs in this pathology, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used - derivatives of 5-aminosalicylic acid (sulfasalazine, mesalazine) and corticosteroid hormonal drugs. Corticosteroid drugs are used during a period of severe exacerbation in the case of severe and moderate course (or with the ineffectiveness of 5-aminosalicylates) and are not prescribed for more than a few months. (connection of the free end of the ileum to the anal canal) is the most common surgical technique for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. In some cases, a section of the affected intestine, limited within healthy tissues, is removed (segmental resection).

Forecast and prevention

There is currently no prevention of non-specific ulcerative colitis, since the causes of this disease are not completely clear. Preventive measures for the occurrence of relapses of exacerbation are compliance with the doctor's lifestyle recommendations (nutrition recommendations similar to those for Crohn's disease, reducing the number of stressful situations and physical overstrain, psychotherapy) and regular dispensary observation. A good effect in terms of stabilizing the condition gives sanatorium treatment.

With a mild course without complications, the prognosis is favorable. About 80% of patients taking 5-acetylsalicylates as maintenance therapy do not report relapses and complications of the disease throughout the year. Patients usually have relapses once every five years, in 4% of exacerbations there are no exacerbations for 15 years. Surgical treatment is resorted to in 20% of cases. The probability of developing a malignant tumor in patients with UC varies between 3-10% of cases.

Nonspecific ulcerative colitis is a disease, the basis of which is an inflammatory process in the intestine, which occurs in a chronic form. UC in most cases develops in males between the ages of 20 and 40 or between 50 and 70 years of age. The clinical picture of ulcerative colitis is manifested in the form of pain in the abdomen, diarrhea with blood, bleeding in the intestines and other signs. The diagnosis of the disease is established by endoscopic sampling of material, irrigoscopy, CT scan and colonoscopy. Treatment can be carried out in two ways - therapy and surgery.

This article will cover in detail such issues as the causes of the onset of the disease, how to cure NUC in an adult and a child, symptoms and other features of the course of ulcerative colitis. Familiarization with the article will allow many patients to understand what preventive measures should be taken so that the disease is bypassed.

Causes

Research in this area shows that the main cause of colitis lies in the increased sensitivity of the immune system to various bacteria that enter the intestine. It is known that in the colon there are many microorganisms that in healthy people do not conflict with the immune system. In patients with a diagnosis of UC, antibodies were found in the blood that act against intestinal tissues.

There is another suggestion that ulcerative colitis develops in those people who are genetically predisposed to it. For example, if a blood relative had UC in the family, then in the family they suffer from this disease 15 times more often.

The following lifestyle can stimulate the development of the acute phase of colitis:

the systematic use of alcoholic beverages in large quantities;
frequent overeating of spicy food;
nervous tension;
intestinal infections;
power failure.

These factors influence the development of the inflammatory process, which will increase due to an innate tendency. Colitis in nonspecific ulcerative form is a rare disease. The statistics are such that for 100,000 examined NUCs are diagnosed in 80-90 people, that is, less than 1%. There is also information that excessive consumption of dairy products by an adult can become, if not the cause of the onset of the disease, then its exacerbation for sure. Thus, we can conclude that scientists have not fully identified the nature of the occurrence of nonspecific colitis. However, this does not beg the ability of modern medicine to treat the disease.

Symptomatic picture

Symptoms of nonspecific ulcerative colitis of the intestine directly depend on the form and course of the disease. There are acute and chronic types of the disease. The acute phase is accompanied by pronounced symptoms, but is diagnosed only in 5-7%. The clinical picture of the manifestation is divided into local and general.

The local course of intestinal colitis makes itself felt as follows:

1. Defecation of feces together with blood secretions, mucus and pus. Often, blood is not part of the bowel movement, but only covers it. The color varies from rich red to dark tones. In other diseases, for example, an ulcer, the blood is black.

2. Loose stools and constipation. In 90% of cases, it is diarrhea that accompanies UC. The chair comes out no more than four times a day. This symptom is characterized by false urges, which can reach 30 times a day. Constipation is observed only if the inflammatory focus is located in the rectum.

3. Pain in the lower abdomen. Cramping spasms can be both intense and expressed in tingling. If this symptom intensifies, this indicates a deep lesion of the intestine.

4. Bloating.

Common symptoms of ulcerative colitis include:

The body temperature rises to 38-39 degrees, but this is possible only in a severe form of the disease.
High fatigue, apathy, weight loss - this sign indicates a rapid loss of proteins.
Violations of visual function. With this symptom, inflammation of the iris and mucous membrane of the eye, blood vessels is observed. However, this manifestation of the disease is rare.
Laboratory analysis shows a narrowing of the intestine, and the intestine is of the "pipe" type.
The intestinal mucosa secretes blood, the presence of ulcers of various shapes, and more.
Pain in joints and muscles.

The course of UC is due to the growth of inflammatory foci in the colon. Ulcerative colitis is characterized by a phase manifestation, that is, an exacerbation is replaced by remission and vice versa. If the disease is not treated, then it will begin to spread further and further along the intestines. The relapse state will increase in time. There is also a risk of complications that aggravate the situation. However, if you turn to a specialist in a timely manner and receive the correct treatment, the patient has every chance of achieving long-term remission.

Consider the forms of colitis:

1. Light - bowel movements no more than three times a day, with minor bleeding, the indicators are normal.

2. Medium - stool 6 times a day, severe bleeding, increased body temperature, rapid pulse, decreased hemoglobin level.

3. Severe - defecation from 6 times or more during the day, heavy bleeding, body temperature above 38 degrees, hemoglobin - 105.

NUC in children most often manifests itself in adolescence. The main symptoms of bowel disease are severe diarrhea and stunted skeletal growth. Therefore, the child has a developmental delay for unknown reasons. As a result, it is necessary to make an appointment with a doctor and conduct a complete examination to exclude non-specific ulcerative colitis.

Diagnostic methods

If you find the above symptoms of NUC, you should immediately contact a gastroenterologist. If the child has these signs of intestinal colitis, then it is necessary to visit the therapist's office.

Diagnosis at a doctor's appointment is as follows:

1. Conversation. Allows you to identify complaints. Of particular interest is the presence of blood and its amount during bowel movements, as well as color.

2. Inspection. Due to the fact that the symptoms appear in the eyeballs, they are first examined. If necessary, an ophthalmologist can be involved in the diagnosis.

3. Palpation. In UC, the large intestine is sensitive to palpation. And with a deep study, an increase in the intestine in the foci of inflammation is noticeable.

If the doctor confirms suspicions of non-specific ulcerative colitis, the patient is sent for testing:

1. Blood. Helps to calculate low hemoglobin and high white blood cell count.

2. Biochemical blood sampling. With a positive NUC, the results are as follows: an increase in C-reactive protein, a decrease in the level of calcium, magnesium, albumin, a high amount of gamaglobulins.

3. Immune test. If the patient is sick, then the amount of antineutrophil antibodies will be increased.

4. Examination of feces. In the laboratory, the mass is studied for the presence of mucus and pus.

In order to make a correct diagnosis, in addition to the symptoms and conclusions of the examination, doctors recommend additional types of colitis diagnostics. These include:

endoscopy;
rectosigmoidoscopy;
colonoscopy.

Before endoscopy, the patient goes through a preparatory stage, which consists of:

12-hour diet before the study;
refusal of food for 8 hours;
cleansing the large intestine (enemas or taking special medications);
moral preparation, doctor's consultation.

When diagnosing UC by the method of rectosigmoidoscopy, the patient is prepared similarly to endoscopic. The examination is an examination of the rectum using a special instrument equipped with a micro-camera. Due to the visual projection on the monitor screen, the doctor can examine the inflammatory foci. Thanks to this study, in 90% of cases it is possible to diagnose UC, as well as other bowel diseases.

Colonoscopy allows you to examine the upper region of the large intestine. It is used infrequently, unlike the previous method. It is necessary to determine the extent of colitis, as well as to exclude other diseases, for example,. During the diagnosis, the doctor takes tissue for further research.

The first diagnosis of UC should be made no later than 7 years after the diagnosis of colitis. In the future, it must be repeated once every 2 years, depending on the course of the disease.

Medication treatment

Effective treatment of ulcerative colitis is possible only with a qualified doctor. With an exacerbated course of NUC, the patient is in the hospital, where he observes strict bed rest until the intensity of the symptoms decreases. At the time of remission, the person continues to lead a normal life, taking into account the recommendations of the attending physician regarding medication and diet.

Medical treatment for colitis includes:

Drugs of the category of aminosalicylates, namely Sulfasalazine in the acute phase, 1 g four times a day. During remission of UC - 0.5 g in the morning and evening.
Treatment of colitis with mesalazine is more often prescribed in an acute form, 1 g three times a day.
To cure UC, suppositories and enemas are additionally used.
In severe colitis, Prednisolone is used at 50-60 milligrams per day, in a course of 3-4 weeks.

In some cases, the doctor prescribes Cyclosporine-A, which is relevant for the rapid development of UC in the acute phase. A dose of 4 mg per 1 kg of human weight is administered intravenously. Symptomatic treatment of nonspecific colitis takes place as painkillers (Ibuprofen, Paracetomol and others) and vitamin B, C.

UC in a child can be cured by following a diet. Doctors in 95% prescribe "dairy-free table No. 4 according to Pevzner." The menu mainly consists of their protein through the use of meat, fish and eggs.

The basis of medical treatment of colitis in children is Sulfasalazine and other drugs that contain Mesalazine. Take drugs orally or administered with enemas or suppositories. Dosing and course are determined on a strictly individual basis. Along with these activities, the elimination of symptoms is carried out.

However, if there is no adequate therapy, then there is a risk of developing complications of colitis, which proceed as follows:

severe form of intestinal bleeding;
perforation of the intestine and as a result - peritonitis;
the formation of purulent wounds;
dehydration;
blood infection;
stones in the kidneys;
increased risk of cancer.

If you do not start treating the disease in a timely manner, then in 7-10% of cases this leads to death, and in 45-50% - to a disability group.

The main rule of preventive treatment is diet. Of course, the annual examination of the intestine and the delivery of tests is important.

The main principles of the diet for NUC:

eating steamed or boiled food;
dishes are consumed warm;
fractional portions, 4-5 times a day;
do not overeat;
last meal - no later than 7 pm;
high-calorie foods;
the diet should also contain a lot of proteins and vitamins.

It is necessary to abandon the following products due to the fact that they irritate the colon mucosa. This, in turn, leads to the stimulation of the inflammatory process. And some worsen diarrhea. These tips are also relevant for children, as they are the basis of the treatment of UC.

List of prohibited products:

2. dairy products;

4. fatty meat;

6. spices in any form;

7. cocoa, strong brewed tea;

8. raw tomatoes;

10. raw vegetables;

11. nuts, seeds and corn (aka popcorn);

12. plants of the legume family.

The diet should include:

fresh fruits and berries;
cereals;
boiled eggs;
chicken and rabbit meat;
tomato and orange juice;
lean fish;
liver;
cheeses;
seafood.

Proper nutrition and a healthy lifestyle allow patients to increase the remission phase, reduce pain and increase body tone. It is necessary to treat the initial stage of NUC only in a complex, following the diet and recommendations of the doctor regarding therapeutic methods.

Forecast and prevention of UC

There are currently no specific preventive methods for this disease. This is due to the fact that the source of the disease is still unknown. However, there are preventive treatments for colitis that can reduce the risk of recurrence. To do this, you must act as the doctor says. This applies to both adults and children.

The main advice of doctors for the prevention of UC is as follows:

follow nutritional instructions;
reduce stressful situations;
do not physically overexert;
make an appointment with a psychotherapist to remove psychosomatic causes;
see a gastroenterologist regularly;
practice spa therapy.

Almost every person suffering from this disease asks two questions: is it possible to cure the disease forever, and what is the life expectancy. Answering the first question, it should be noted that everything depends on the form of UC, complications and timely treatment. In other words - yes, following the prescriptions of physicians.

Regarding the second question, you need to understand that colitis in a non-specific ulcerative form can be observed in a person all his life. And how long people with such a diagnosis live depends primarily on the patient. If you follow all the recommendations, take care of your health and follow the right lifestyle, then the patient has every chance of dying of old age. The prognosis of the disease is favorable if all modern methods were used in the treatment. Relapses then occur at least a couple of times in 5-7 years and are stopped by medications at the optimal time.

Summing up the review, we note that colitis is treatable, but requires a person to adhere to preventive courses. It is not worth starting the disease - what this is fraught with is already known. We remind you that the annual examination of the body, regardless of whether a person is sick or healthy, allows you to identify ailments in the early stages, which greatly simplifies the life of patients.

Heaviness and discomfort in the abdomen, arching pain and disordered stools are just a few symptoms of intestinal colitis in adults. As a rule, clinical manifestations, their intensity and severity depend on the cause of the development of the disease and its type. Very often, signs of colitis are mistaken for intestinal colic, which is a common symptom of most pathologies of the digestive tract. Therefore, only a doctor can recognize the disease and prescribe therapy in a timely manner.

What is intestinal colitis?

This disease is characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane of the organ, its swelling and ulceration. This condition leads to a breakdown in the processes of intestinal absorption and elimination of digestive waste products in a natural way. As a result, a person develops spasmodic pain in the abdomen, increased gas formation, bloating and diarrhea.

Inflammatory damage to the mucous epithelium of the colon impairs vascular permeability, contributes to the accumulation of fluid and the formation of edema. Puffiness of the organ wall interferes with normal motility, disrupts the production of mucous secretion, which is formed in its lumen. Against the background of these processes, signs of colitis appear.

Causes

There are many factors, the influence of which leads to the development of the considered pathology. Among them are the following:

In addition to those listed above, there are other causes of colitis. Among them are emotional overload, mental and nervous disorders, overwork, overheating of the body, as well as dysbacteriosis.

Types of disease

In medical practice, a certain classification of the disease in question has been adopted. Depending on the nature of the flow, there are:

Acute colitis- characterized by rapid development and pronounced vivid symptoms. A person experiences severe pain, spasms, gases. Most often, this form of the disease occurs as a result of penetration into the body of pathogens (Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus).
chronic colitis- develops for a long time, has blurred symptoms, which are also characteristic of other gastroenterological pathologies. Clinical manifestations include bloating, pain, unstable stools. Chronic colitis is characterized by alternating periods of remission and relapse.

Depending on the cause of development, the following types of intestinal colitis are distinguished:

Ulcerative. It is characterized by hemorrhagic-purulent inflammation and ulceration of the inner membrane of the organ. The pathological process usually involves the sigmoid and rectum, but can also affect the entire large intestine. In most cases, it is nonspecific, with a complicated long-term course.
Spastic. This form of colitis is often called (IBS). It is characterized by chronic inflammation of the colon mucosa, decreased tone and impaired motility.
catarrhal. It is the mildest form of colitis. A feature is the increased secretion of mucous secretion in the lumen of the colon.
atrophic. It is accompanied by destructive changes in the smooth muscles of the organ, which leads to a decrease in peristalsis and loss of tone, that is, atony develops.
Erosive. In terms of symptoms, it resembles ulcerative colitis of the intestine, but is considered its initial stage. It is characterized by a slight ulceration of the inner wall of the large intestine. If left untreated, it causes serious complications.
diffuse. Unlike the focal form of the disease, the pathological process covers all parts of the large intestine.

In this video, Elena Malysheva talks about the treatment of ulcerative colitis.

Colitis symptoms

The clinical manifestations of the disease differ depending on its type, but common ones include abdominal pain and diarrhea. The pain syndrome can be described as dull, aching or cramping. Painful sensations extend to the entire outer surface of the peritoneal wall, can be given to the sacrum, to the right or left to the back and chest. After emptying the intestines and passing gases, the pain subsides.

Other signs that are not always present, but are characteristic of colitis:

the presence of bloody or purulent inclusions in the feces;
spastic constipation;
bloating;
flatulence;
tenesmus - false painful urge to defecate;
nausea, burning sensation in the stomach, loss of appetite and weight;
anemia.

An increase in body temperature, chills, headache, and other signs of an infectious or inflammatory process may occur depending on the cause of the disease.

Diagnostics

Symptoms suggestive of colitis are treated by obtaining a medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests - complete blood count, coprogram, and bacteriological culture of feces. However, it must be understood that clinical studies are nonspecific and may indicate other diseases with similar symptoms.

For a more accurate diagnosis, instrumental tests will be required:

Ultrasound of the abdominal organs.
Colonoscopy.
Fibroileolonoscopy.
X-ray examination.
Contrast irrigoscopy to detect malignant tumors or polyps.

An important condition for the diagnosis of colitis is a biopsy. During endoscopy, material is taken - tiny fragments of the pathologically altered intestinal wall (usually about 2 mm), after which it is examined under a microscope by a histopathologist. Such a procedure can provide important information about the causes of the disease and the degree of damage to the organ.

How to treat intestinal colitis

If symptoms of a pathology appear, it is necessary to urgently consult a doctor, since advanced forms increase the risk of complications, sometimes quite serious (including death). Timely treatment of intestinal colitis in most cases is limited to adjusting the menu and diet.

The development of pathology during gestation is due to a decrease in immunity, as well as the need to take medications that have a negative effect on the mucous epithelium of the digestive tract. The clinical picture is similar to the manifestations of colitis in men and women who are not in position - heaviness and pain in the abdomen, bloating and flatulence, diarrhea.

In some cases, colitis can be cured by following a certain diet. Therefore, the first stage of therapy is reduced to its adjustment. In the chronic form of the pathology, a dietary diet is prescribed according to the treatment table No. 1 or 2, during the period of exacerbation - No. 1a, 1b and 2a. Further treatment of colitis in women during pregnancy will continue with drugs that do not harm either the mother or the baby:

Physiotherapy

Violation of intestinal motility in colitis requires not only drug treatment, but also a number of physiotherapy procedures. These include:

Electrophoresis with Drotaverine or Papaverine.
Ultrahigh frequency therapy (UHF).
Local UV exposure.
Paraffin and mud applications on the lower abdomen.
Exposure to a magnetic field.
Exercise therapy (breathing exercises, walking).
Massage of the abdominal area.

The above procedures must be done in the morning for 10 days.

When is surgery needed?

If the disease is severe and conservative treatment is ineffective, surgical intervention is indicated. Surgical removal of the affected parts of the intestine is indicated in the case of:

Severe bleeding caused by a perforated ulcer.
Peritonitis.
Acute obstruction.
Infringement or inflammation of diverticula.
Abscess localized in the organ.
Acute ischemia.

Long-term ulcerative colitis is also an indication for surgery to remove the affected area of the colon.

Folk methods of treatment

As noted by the doctors themselves and confirmed by numerous reviews on thematic forums, alternative medicine can also be useful for intestinal colitis. However, only a specialist should decide how much and how to use them. Among the most effective are the following homemade recipes:

Watermelon rinds. 100 g of dried raw materials pour 2 tbsp. boiling water, insist for an hour and filter. Drink ½ tbsp. 5 times a day.
Walnut. Eat kernels daily at 70 g (30 minutes before meals) for 4 months.
Onion. Squeeze juice from a vegetable and drink it in 1 tsp. 3 times a day.
Pomegranate peels. Pour 200 ml of boiling water over 20 g of dry product and boil for 30 minutes over low heat. Filter. Drink 2 tbsp. twice a day.
Mint. 2 tbsp grass leaves pour 2 tbsp. boiling water, insist for half an hour and filter. Drink 1 tbsp. 20 minutes before meals 3 times a day.
Propolis. Grind 10 g of bee glue on a grater, pour 100 ml of 95% alcohol and leave for 3 days. Filter and place in a dark glass container. An hour before meals 30 cap. dissolve the tincture in warm milk and drink. The duration of the course is 2 months.

Diet and sample menu

Without changing the diet, treatment of colitis will not be effective. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to what foods are eaten. By adjusting the menu and following a therapeutic diet, the maximum reduction in the load on the digestive tract is achieved, due to which the symptoms of the disease are removed and relief comes. For this it is necessary.

Ulcerative colitis is a disease that affects the lining of the colon only. It always affects the rectum, spreading over time or immediately capturing the rest of the colon. The disease is often referred to as non-specific ulcerative colitis (NUC). Pathology is manifested by intestinal destructive - ulcerative inflammation of varying intensity. Ulcerative colitis occurs with severe general and local complications. The disease occurs both in men and women (women get sick with this disease more often), in citizens in the period of 20-40 years and 60-70 years. In some patients, the disease may be lifelong. The disease is quite severe and requires long-term treatment.

Nonspecific ulcerative colitis is a disease of the gastrointestinal tract, namely the large intestine. In this department, the final processing of food takes place, water is excreted and digestive waste remains. Pathology is characterized by an inflammatory process of the mucous membrane of the large intestine, as a result of which ulcers and zones of necrosis are formed on segments of the intestine. The disease is chronic and can recur. Ulcerative colitis is often diagnosed with Crohn's disease.

The pathological process does not capture the small intestine and affects only certain parts of the large intestine. The disease can begin in the rectum, or at the end of the large intestine, after which the inflammatory process spreads.

What it looks like, photo

Nonspecific ulcerative colitis is an ulcerative lesion of the mucous membrane of the colon and rectum.

The prevalence, localization and exact picture of ulcerative lesions can be seen in the photo. With the left-sided type of the disease, there is a lesion of the mucous membrane of the descending and sigmoid area. With a total type, the inflammatory process is distributed throughout the intestine.

With proctitis, you can see how the inflammation spreads to the anus, localizing in the rectal area.

Symptoms

The symptomatology of the disease depends on the site of localization of the pathological process and on its intensity. In nonspecific ulcerative colitis, it is necessary to distinguish between intestinal and extraintestinal manifestations.

Intestinal signs include:

Diarrhea. Blood impurities are found in the feces, often mucus and pus are present in the stool, which gives them a fetid odor. Blood with mucus and pus may appear in between frequent bowel movements. The frequency of emptying depends on the severity of the disease (it can reach up to 20 times a day). During the day, the patient can lose up to 300 ml of blood. With a mild course of the disease, the patient can defecate several times, mainly in the morning and at night.
Pain. Perhaps the manifestation of both sharp and mild pain (varies depending on the intensity of the disease). Severe pain is likely, which cannot be eliminated with the help of painkillers, which indicates a complication of the pathology. Strengthening of painful sensations occurs before the act of defecation, after which the pain subsides somewhat. They can also get worse after eating.
An increase in body temperature (up to subfebrile marks).
Intoxication. Manifested by weakness, dizziness, development of depression, decreased mood, irritability, decreased appetite. In rare cases, anorexia develops as a result of a decrease in appetite. Intoxication is characteristic of a severe form of the disease.
False urge to defecate. Sometimes instead of feces, either mucus or a muco-purulent mass is released. There is also fecal incontinence and severe flatulence.
Change from diarrhea to constipation. Indicates that inflammation develops in the mucous membrane of the colon.

A patient with ulcerative colitis has the following extraintestinal symptoms:

Erythemia nodosum (subcutaneous nodules are formed, which are detected by palpation), pyoderma gangrenosum (necrosis of individual skin areas). Such signs are due to increased circulation in the blood of bacteria and immune complexes synthesized to combat them. There are also focal dermatitis, urticarial and postulnar rashes.
The defeat of the oropharynx (in 10%). This is manifested by the spread of aphthae, which can be eliminated after achieving remission. Glossitis and gingivitis, ulcerative stomatitis can develop in the oral cavity.
Pathological manifestations of the visual apparatus (in 8%). Patients have iridocyclitis, uevitis, choroiditis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, retobulbar neuritis and panophthalmitis.
Joint damage. The patient develops arthritis, spondylitis, sacroiliitis. Often, joint pathologies are signals of ulcerative colitis.
Violation of the liver, biliary tract, pancreas as a result of malfunctions of the endocrine system. Most often, lung lesions are recorded.
It is extremely rare that the manifestation of myositis, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, vasculitis, glomerunitis is likely. Rarely, but there are cases of development of autoimmune thyroiditis and hemolytic anemia.

It is important to know what early signs the pathology begins in order to seek medical help in time. The main symptoms are as follows:

diarrhea with blood;
joint pain;
abdominal discomfort;
increase in body temperature.

The reasons

The exact causes of the origin of ulcerative colitis of the intestine have not been identified. According to the assumptions, the disease can show up as a result of:

unspecified infection (ulcerative colitis itself is not transmitted from person to person);
unbalanced nutrition;
genetic mutation;
the use of certain drugs, specifically non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs, contraceptives;
stress;
shift in intestinal microflora.

Common in these reasons is that all the factors under the influence of which the disease develops lead to a state where the immune system, instead of pathogenic microbes and viruses, begins to destroy the cells of its own intestinal mucosa, which leads to the formation of ulcers.

Classification

According to the localization of the inflammatory process, distal, left-sided and total atypical ulcerative colitis, proctitis, in which only the rectum is affected, are distinguished.

Depending on the degree of manifestation of symptoms, the disease is mild, moderate and severe.

According to the nature of the course, the following types of the disease are distinguished:

lightning fast;
acute. It is rare, has a high risk of death even with appropriate therapeutic intervention;
chronic relapsing. Signs of exacerbation of ulcerative colitis appear no more than once in a period of about 6 months;
chronic continuous. Continues for more than 6 months with active therapeutic therapy.

The principle of treatment of all forms of ulcerative colitis is almost the same.

ICD code 10

In medicine, the international classification of diseases is generally accepted. According to the ICD, ulcerative colitis is defined by the code K51.

Treatment for adults

Treatment of ulcerative colitis of the intestine is organized on the basis of instrumental and laboratory studies. Diagnostic procedures (colonoscopies) should not be avoided as many procedures are performed under anesthesia. Inadequate information can adversely affect the effectiveness of treatment.

Assign instrumental studies:

Fabroileocolonoscoyu. It is an endoscopic examination of a limited lower portion of the small intestine and the entire large intestine. Allows you to clarify the extent and severity of ulcerative colitis, the presence of narrowing, polyps and pseudopolyps. During the procedure, material may be taken for the purpose of morphological assessment.
Histological analysis. Allows you to identify microscopic signs characteristic of ulcerative colitis. Used to exclude precancerous and cancerous changes.
Irriscopy. It is an x-ray examination, the method of contrasting establishes inflammatory changes in the colon. The procedure allows you to exclude narrowing, neoplasms.
Hydro MRI of the intestine. The procedure allows you to find out the condition of the colon and its surrounding tissues, to exclude the involvement of the small intestine in the pathological process, the presence of fistulas and infiltrates.
ultrasound. With the help of the survey, indirect signs of the disease are revealed, such as expansion of the intestine, thickening of its walls.

Laboratory studies include:

Treatment of patients with mild and moderate type of ulcerative colitis is allowed on an outpatient basis. If the disease is severe, inpatient treatment is necessary, since both diagnostic and therapeutic interventions can have serious and even life-threatening complications.

Conservative treatment includes the use of certain medications:

Preparations containing 5-acetylsalicylic acid, which is used in the form of tablets, granules, capsules, suppositories, ready-made enemas or foams. Apply Salofalk, Sulfasalazine, Pentasa, Mezavant.
Corticosteroids. They are used in the form of suppositories, tablets, droppers. Assign Hydrocortisone, Prednisolone, Methylprednisolone.
Immunosuppressors. Experts often opt for Cyclosporine, Azathioprine, Methotrexate.
Means of effective biological therapy. These drugs include Infliximab, Adalimumab.

Suppositories, foams, rectal droppers and enemas are used for inflammation of the lower zones of the colon.

Hormonal drugs, immunosuppressive agents and biological therapy are used under the supervision of a physician, since these drugs have serious side effects (bone marrow damage, pancreatitis, hepatitis). If hormonal drugs do not help with severe ulcerative colitis, then Remicade and Humira are included in the treatment regimen. Symptomatic therapy is carried out using various types of anti-inflammatory drugs with analgesic effects, such as Ibuprofen or Paracetamol. Vitamin therapy is used (vitamins of groups B and C).

With constant detection of blood in the feces and the development of anemia, Etamzilat - Ferein, Dicinon and Aminocaproic acid are prescribed.

To normalize the peristalsis of the large intestine, antispasmodics are used, in particular Drotevarin.

Immunosuppressants are also used. Cyclosporine A - is used for acute and fulminant types of pathology at a dose of 4 mg per 1 kg of body weight intravenously, or Azathioprine orally at a dose of 2-3 mg per 1 kg of body weight.

In the presence of nausea and vomiting, prokinetics are used. To normalize the stool (when you are worried about frequent and loose stools), antidiarrheals are prescribed, Loperamide, Imodium are recommended.

When there are complications, antibiotics are prescribed. For malnourished patients include parenteral nutrition. After achieving remission, the patient should take anti-relapse medication prescribed by the doctor. These medicines prevent the development of colon cancer.

With the ineffectiveness of conservative therapy and the development of complications in the form of bleeding, perforation, toxic megacolon or colon cancer, resort to surgical intervention. Complete removal of the colon can cure ulcerative colitis.

The indications for surgery are:

large blood loss (100 ml or more per day);
perforation of the intestinal wall;
the appearance of abscesses;
intestinal obstruction;
formation of a megacolon;
fistulas;
malignancy.

Basically, a colectomy is performed (removal of the large intestine). In some cases, only a small area is removed. After resection, an ileorectal anastomosis is applied. The ileum is connected to the anal canal. Specialists may also decide to perform a proctocolectomy. During the operation, the colon and rectum are removed, as a result of this operation, the lower end of the small intestine is left. The anus is then sutured and a small opening called a stoma is made in the lower abdomen.

Treatment for children

Ulcerative colitis is more common in girls during adolescence. In boys, the disease is recorded between the ages of 6 and 18 months. Preterm infants often develop ulcerative necrotizing colitis.

In children, the pathology proceeds at the level of moderate or high severity, in most cases it is necessary to resort to surgical intervention. Timely detection of the disease helps prevent the transition to a chronic form and prevent surgical intervention.

Ulcerative colitis of the intestine in children develops very quickly, only the attention and efficiency of parents helps to avoid surgery. Suspicion of ulcerative colitis in a child can cause the following signs:

Pain in the abdomen, especially on the left side of the abdomen, sometimes the entire peritoneum can hurt. Relief is felt after the act of defecation. The pain occurs regardless of the meal and periodically worries the child throughout the day.
Blood in feces. When defecation is accompanied by discharge of blood from the anus, this indicates a severe course of the disease. When bleeding from the rectum, the blood has a scarlet color, and when from the gastrointestinal tract, it is dark in color.
Weight loss. The child has a sharp weight loss, pallor of the skin, which is due to a violation of the diet, a deficiency of nutrients that are necessary for a growing body. The condition is fraught with the risk of inhibition and developmental delay in the child.
Slight rise in temperature. The condition lasts a long time and does not go astray. This symptom appears only with exacerbation of colitis.

Diagnosing a disease in a child is similar to procedures performed in adults. A sick child should be constantly examined by a specialist and receive systematic treatment.

Drug treatment involves taking 5 aminosalicylic acid to reduce the inflammatory process. If the drug does not have the desired effect, corticosteroid hormones are prescribed, which help to reduce local immunity so that their own antibodies do not react to the rectal mucosa. Immunosuppressive agents and monoclinal antibodies are also used for treatment. During the treatment of ulcerative colitis of the intestine, it is very important to follow a diet that is identical to the proper nutrition system and is recommended for everyone.

When the disease develops too quickly and drugs do not have an effective effect, surgical treatment is used.

Folk remedies

The use of only folk remedies for the treatment of ulcerative colitis is ineffective. When combined with drug treatment using infusions, decoctions of herbs, vegetables and plants, good results can be achieved.

Medical fees

Mix 10 g of centaury herb, sage leaf and chamomile flowers. The collection is brewed with 200 ml of boiling water, and infused for 40 minutes. Take 1 tbsp. l. every 2 hours. After 1-3 months, the dose is reduced, lengthening the intervals between doses. It is allowed to use the infusion for a long time.
In equal proportions, they take herbs of oregano, herbs of shepherd's purse, bird's knotweed, five-lobed motherwort, common yarrow, St. John's wort, nettle leaf. 2 tbsp. l. the mixture is poured overnight in a thermos with 400 ml of boiling water. You need to take 100 ml three times a day.

Raspberry infusion

Pour 400 ml of boiling water 4 tsp. raspberries (you can also leave) and insist for half an hour. Dose - 100 ml 4 times a day before meals for colitis and gastric bleeding.

Infusion of pomegranate peel

20 g of dry peels or 50 g of fresh pomegranate with seeds are poured into 1 liter of water and boiled over low heat for 30 minutes. You need to take 20 ml twice a day.

strawberry leaf drink

Pour 40 g of wild strawberry leaf into 400 ml of boiling water, leave for an hour. Take 2-3 tablespoons.

Smoke infusion

It is required to take 1 tsp. chopped herb dymyanka and pour 200 ml of boiling water, leave for 5 hours, strain. Take 1-2 tablespoon 3 times a day, half an hour before meals. Dymyanka is a poisonous plant and when preparing the infusion, proportions are required.

Infusion of Chinese bitter gourd (momordica)

Take 1 tbsp. l. dry crushed leaves of Chinese bitter gourd, pour 200 ml of boiling water. Infuse the composition for 30 minutes. Take 200 ml three times a day.

fennel fruit

10 g of fennel fruits are poured into 200 ml of boiling water, heated in a water bath for 15 minutes, cooled, filtered and the composition is brought to the initial volume. Take 1/3-1/2 cup three times a day.

Propolis

You need to eat 8 g of propolis daily on an empty stomach.

An excellent remedy for ulcerative colitis is onion juice, decoctions of calendula, parsley root, potato juice, linden tea.

Rice congee

1 liter of water is heated, rice flour and a pinch of salt are poured into warm water with constant stirring. The composition is brought to a boil and boiled over low heat for 5 minutes, without stopping stirring. It is necessary to take a decoction in a warm form, 200 ml three times a day on an empty stomach.

Decoction of wheat

Take 1 tablespoon of whole grains of wheat, pour 200 ml of water and boil for 5 minutes. The resulting broth insist during the day.

In ulcerative colitis, the use of bananas, baked apple (steamed) is useful. These fruits contribute to the rapid healing of ulcers.

Prevention

To reduce the risk of developing ulcerative colitis of the intestine, it is required to stop drinking alcoholic beverages, stop smoking, eat right, and treat diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in a timely manner. There are no specific preventive measures. With the development of the disease, it is possible to reduce the frequency of exacerbation by following a diet, regularly taking prescribed medications.

Diet

Dieting for ulcerative colitis is an important part of treatment. Experts recommend that patients adhere to the requirements of a specially formulated diet constantly, in order to avoid relapses and exacerbation of the disease. The basic principles of the diet are that all meals should be steamed or baked. The frequency of meals should be 6 times a day, taking into account the fact that the last meal will be no later than 19.00. All food consumed should be warm. The diet should include foods high in calories, the diet for ulcerative colitis of the intestine should be hypercaloric - up to 3000 calories per day (if the patient does not have a problem with being overweight). It is necessary to use foods with a high content of proteins, vitamins and trace elements. It is recommended to consume a lot of fruits, berries, mucous cereals, boiled eggs, meat and fish of low-fat varieties. Useful inclusion in the diet of beef liver, cheese, seafood.

Foods that can cause chemical, mechanical irritation of the colon mucosa, as well as foods that activate the peristalsis of the colon, should be excluded from the diet. It is forbidden to drink carbonated drinks, caffeinated drinks, as well as strong tea, cocoa, chocolate, alcohol, sour-milk products, mushrooms, fatty meats (pork, goose, duck). The use of kiwi, dried apricots and plums, raw vegetables is not recommended.

The list of prohibited foods includes chips, popcorn, crackers, nuts, seeds, any kind of spices, salty and spicy dishes, ketchup, mustard, legumes, corn.

Complications

Ulcerative colitis is a serious disease with severe complications. The following complications are likely:

Toxic expansion of the colon. A very dangerous phenomenon, often appears in the acute form of ulcerative colitis. It is expressed by a sharp expansion and swelling with gases transversely to the colon. As a result of expansion, the walls become thinner, which leads to rupture of the intestine with subsequent peritonitis.
Bleeding from the large intestine of a massive nature. The condition leads to anemia, as well as a decrease in blood volume - hypovolemic shock.
The appearance of a malignant tumor in the area of inflammation is malignancy.
Secondary intestinal infection. Inflamed areas of the intestinal mucosa are the optimal environment for the development of infection. With the appearance of a secondary infection, there is an increase in diarrhea (up to 14 times a day, an act of defecation is performed), the body temperature rises, and the patient develops a state of dehydration.
Purulent formations, in the form of paraproctitis. It is treated only in an operative way.

The effectiveness of the treatment of nonspecific ulcerative colitis depends on the severity of the pathology, on the presence of complications, and timely initiation of treatment is also important.

With untimely treatment of the disease, the development of secondary diseases is likely. Severe intestinal bleeding, perforation of the colon with a risk of developing peritonitis may occur. Possible formation of abscesses, sepsis, severe dehydration, liver dystrophy. Some patients experience the formation of kidney stones, as a result of a failure in the absorption of fluid from the intestines. These patients have an increased risk of developing colon cancer. These complications are life-threatening and can lead to death or disability.

The prognosis for mild to moderate ulcerative colitis and treatment using the latest methods, if diet and preventive measures are followed, is quite good. Relapses after a course of therapy can be repeated every few years, such conditions can be stopped with the use of drug treatment.