Vitamin D3 oil solution. Vitamin D overdose. Oil-based preparations

Getting acquainted with the prices of vitamin D preparations (including oil-based products from Finland)

Among vitamin D preparations, there are both very expensive and quite affordable means. In many cases, the price of vitamin D does not reflect the quality of a particular product, but is formed on the basis of the cost of its production in a specific form of release and the cost of implementation.

A lot also depends on the brand: drugs from well-known European pharmaceutical concerns (Finnish vitamin D from several manufacturers is the most famous here) usually turn out to be much more expensive than domestic products with similar characteristics.

In addition, the price is determined by the presence of certain additional properties and activity of the drug. For example, a simple oil-based vitamin D is in most cases much cheaper than a calcium and phosphorus supplement that provides comprehensive support for bone and cartilage.

The price also depends on the form of release of the drug. It could be:

• oil solution of vitamin D in large packaging
• vitamin D drops
• vitamin D capsules
• solutions for intramuscular injections (often identical in composition to a simple oil solution)
• dragees and tablets
• as well as multivitamins containing vitamin D.

And finally, the price of vitamin D depends on the chemical form of the vitamin itself present in the preparation. So, products with vitamin D3 are on average more expensive than analogues with D2 and, moreover, with synthetic substitutes with a similar effect.

Most often, vitamin D preparations include vitamin D3 as its most easily digestible and natural form. It is D3 that is optimally suited for children and has the fastest effect on a particular organ system.

Thus, for example, Finnish vitamin D3, used in the prevention and treatment of a large number of diseases, will be much more expensive than a simple oil solution of vitamin D. But at the same time, in some cases, for example, in the prevention of rickets, the latter is as widely applicable and effective as its imported counterpart.

Now let's see how much specific drugs cost in Russian pharmacies.

Aquadetrim is one of the most popular vitamin D preparations for children. It is prescribed for newborns and premature infants, children of all ages and adolescents.

The daily rate of the active substance is contained in one drop of Aquadetrim. Vitamin D is presented in the preparation in the form of D3, and due to the water base, the preparation is much easier to digest and exhibits fewer side effects.

The manufacturer of the drug is the Polish Medana Pharma.

The price of Aquadetrim is approximately 350 rubles per 10 ml bottle. The drug is sold both through conventional pharmacies and through online stores.

Fish oil is available in the form of a solution and capsules, and cod liver oil is usually used for the manufacture. The drug is given to school-age children and adults.

A 100 ml bottle of fish oil costs about 100 rubles, and capsules with a total fat content of 1000 mg cost about 450 rubles.

Vigantol is an analogue of Aquadetrim, but is produced in Germany by Merck KGaA and has an oil base. Its cost is about 650 rubles for a 10-ml bottle.

Alpha D3-Teva is an oily solution of vitamin D3 in gelatin capsules. It contains not natural vitamin D3, but its synthetic analogue, which has an identical effect.

The cost of the drug is about 300 rubles per pack of 30 capsules.

Finnish Vitamin D3 Devisol is an oily solution of natural D3. Its base is coconut oil. With virtually no additives, this vitamin D from Finland is suitable for both adults and children, including newborns to prevent rickets and preterm infants to support skeletal development.

The cost of Devisol in a 10 ml bottle is approximately 550 rubles. The drug is widely available in online pharmacies.

The drug is available in the form of tablets. They should be consumed without chewing, swallowing whole before meals or during meals. Vitrum Calcium + vitamin D3 is intended primarily for the prevention of osteoporosis. For this purpose, it is recommended to use 1 tablet 2 times a day.

The price of Vitrum Calcium + D3 is about 400 rubles per pack of 60 tablets.

Calcium D3 Forte is produced by Nycomed and is intended for the prevention of osteoporosis and the fight against calcium deficiency in the body. The drug prevents the production of parathyroid hormone, which contributes to the leaching of calcium from the bones, and also supplies the body with calcium itself.

The price of the drug depends on the number of capsules in the vial. 20 capsules cost an average of 150 rubles, and 100 capsules - about 500 rubles.

Vitrum Osteomag is a complex drug designed for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, as well as recovery from fractures. Contains calcium, vitamin D3, magnesium, copper, zinc, boron, is available in the form of tablets coated with a smooth shell.

The cost of the drug is approximately 500 rubles per pack of 60 tablets.

The drug Tevabon is intended for intensive therapy of osteoporosis, is available in the form of gelatin capsules and tablets (one package contains 4 tablets and 28 capsules), its active substance is alfacalcidol, a synthetic analogue of vitamin D.

The drug has a large number of side effects and is not recommended for use by children, pregnant and lactating mothers.

The cost of Tevabon is approximately 2800 rubles per pack.

Van-Alfa is a preparation of alfacalcidol (a synthetic analogue of vitamin D3) in tablets. Designed to combat rickets in children, as well as to support immunity and regulate the thyroid gland.

The price of Van Alfa is about 300 rubles for a pack of 20 tablets.

D3 BON - an oily solution of vitamin D3, intended for oral and intramuscular injections. Ideal as a source of vitamin D3 for infants, it can be used as an alternative to Aquadetrim. D3 BON contains olive oil as a solvent. It is not recommended to take the drug during pregnancy.

D3 BON is produced in France by Pharma-Livron.

The price of an oil solution D3 BON is about 1700 rubles for five 1 ml bottles.

Etalfa is a vitamin D3 preparation, which is a solution of alfacalcidol in sesame oil with the addition of biologically active substances. The drug is produced in Denmark and costs about 200 rubles.

With the use of multivitamins, one should be careful, since there is a risk of developing hypervitaminosis for any vitamin when trying to adjust the amount of vitamin D with their help.

The price of preparations containing vitamin D varies, for example, from 300 to 50 rubles for a package of various Alphavit preparations, from 400 to 650 rubles for a package of Complivit vitamins, from 750 to 4000 rubles for a package of Merz vitamins.

You should never choose a vitamin preparation only on price. First of all, you need to focus on the doctor's recommendation, indications for use and the safety of a particular remedy. And only when choosing from two analogues, you can prefer the one that will save a little money.

Source:
Getting acquainted with the prices of vitamin D preparations (including oil-based products from Finland)
A review of prices for vitamin D preparations in various forms of release, including oil-based ones from Finland.
http://www.vitaminius.ru/vitamin-d/cena-na-vitamin-d.php

Structure and physico-chemical properties of vitamin D

The rest of the D vitamins and related 7-dehydrocholesterol, ergosterol and other substances also quite easily add oxygen to form peroxide compounds. The latter are crystals that are sufficiently stable when heated; they are easily isomerized into eponxide compounds and into ketones under the action of heat and light (Karnozhitsky, 1961).

For a long time, it was believed that lumisterin, one of the precursors of vitamin D, did not have antirachitic activity. However, studies in recent years have shown a high activity of this drug in the prevention of rickets in chickens.

Until now, the antirachitic activity of vitamins D4, D5, D7 has not been sufficiently studied. According to H. F. De Luca (1967), vitamin D4 has only half the activity of vitamin D3. Vitamin D7 was first isolated from cod liver oil, tuna, shark (Raoul, 1958). Later, it was found in the liver of many fish, milk and various plants. Due to the strong absorption in the region of 250 mk, this compound was named ketone 250. In a biological study, it was found that ketone 250 has 1/10 of the antirachitic activity of vitamin D2. However, its derivative is Ca enolate, which is equal in activity to vitamin D2. L. Fizer and M. Fizer (1964) argue that the formation of ketone 250 from vitamin D3 in the body is possible. However, this has not yet been proven.

As you know, vitamins D2 and D3 have the greatest biological activity. However, the literature data are very contradictory. N. F. De Luca (1967) in studies with labeled C14-vitamin D2 and 1,2H3-vitamin D3 received an approximately equal antirachitic effect. R. D. Hunt, F. G. Garcia, (1967), studying the effect of vitamins D2 and D3 on Ca45 absorption in primates, found that cholecalciferol (D3) is more active than ergocalciferol (D2). At present, most researchers adhere to this point of view (Petrova, Bogoslovsky, 1970, etc.). The activity of vitamin D preparations is expressed in international units (ME); 1 IU contains 0.000025 mg (0.025 mcg) of chemically pure vitamin D.

In recent years, the Institute of Biochemistry of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (Prof. V. P. Wendt) has proposed a protein complex of vitamins D2 and D3 - videin. 1 g of the drug contains 200,000 IU. However, industrial production of videin has not yet been established. When using this drug for the prevention and treatment of rickets, we did not notice a significant advantage over alcohol and oil solutions of vitamin D2. In addition, in our opinion, videin is offered in a very high concentration, which should be reduced in the case of its industrial production.

Vitamin D preparations, including fish oil, must be stored in conditions that exclude the action of light and air, leading to inactivation of these medicines. As already mentioned, atmospheric oxygen oxidizes vitamin D, and light turns it into poisonous toxisterol. In this regard, vitamin D and its preparations are stored with caution (list B). Dragees of ergocalciferol are stored in a dry, dark place, alcohol and oil solutions - in top filled, well-packed orange glass bottles, in a place protected from light, at a temperature not exceeding 10 °.

Since vitamin D is soluble in fats, it is able to accumulate in the human body in the cells of various organs. The largest amount of vitamin D accumulates in the subcutaneous adipose tissue and liver. Due to the ability to accumulate in the human body, there is always a certain depot of vitamin D, from which this compound is consumed in case of insufficient intake with food. That is, against the background of insufficient intake from food, vitamin D deficiency develops over a long period of time, until its reserves in the depot are used up.

The ability to dissolve in fats causes the possibility of excessive accumulation of vitamin A when it enters the human body in large quantities. With the accumulation of a high concentration of vitamin D in the blood and tissues of the body, hypervitaminosis develops, which, like hypovitaminosis, leads to impaired functioning of various organs and tissues.

This means that vitamin D must be supplied to the body in strictly defined, optimal doses, since both its excess and deficiency are harmful. You can not take vitamin D in large quantities, as this will lead to hypervitaminosis. And also you can not consume a small amount of vitamin D, as this will provoke its deficiency or hypovitaminosis.

Also, vitamin D prevents muscle weakness, improves immunity, ensures normal blood clotting and optimal functioning of the thyroid gland. According to experimental studies, calciferol helps to restore nerve cells and nerve fibers, thereby reducing the rate of progression of multiple sclerosis. In addition, vitamin D is involved in the regulation of blood pressure and heart rate.

With the external use of vitamin D preparations, the scaly skin in people suffering from psoriasis is reduced.

The norm of vitamin D for consumption and content in the body

• Adult women and men over 15 years old - 2.5 - 5.0 mcg (100 - 200 IU);
• Pregnant women - 10 mcg (400 IU);
• Nursing mothers - 10 mcg (400 IU);
• Elderly people over 60 years old - 10 - 15 mcg (400 - 600 IU);
• Infants under one year old - 7.5 - 10.0 mcg (300 - 400 IU);
• Children 1 - 5 years old - 10 mcg (400 IU);
• Children 5 - 13 years old - 2.5 mcg (100 IU).

The list shows the optimal dosages of daily intake of vitamin D, which replenish its reserves and are not capable of provoking hypervitaminosis. Safe from the point of view of the development of hypervitaminosis is the use of no more than 15 micrograms of vitamin D per day. This means that the maximum allowable dosage of vitamin D, which will not lead to hypervitaminosis, is 15 micrograms per day.

Increasing the dose above the recommended optimal values ​​is necessary for people who have an increased need for vitamin D, such as:

• Living in northern latitudes with short daylight hours or polar night;
• Living in regions with a highly polluted atmosphere;
• Night shift work;
• Bedridden patients who are not on the street;
• People suffering from chronic diseases of the intestines, liver, gallbladder and kidneys;
• Pregnant and lactating mothers.

Symptoms of deficiency and excess of vitamin D

Vitamin D deficiency

Symptoms of vitamin D deficiency (rickets) in children:

• Delayed teething;
• Delayed closure of fontanelles;
• Softening of the bones of the skull, against which the flattening of the occipital lobes occurs with the simultaneous formation of bone growths in the region of the frontal and parietal tubercles. As a result of such processes, a person's head becomes square, which persists for life and is a sign of rickets suffered in childhood;
• Deformation of the bones of the face, as a result of which a saddle nose and a high gothic sky can form;
• Curvature of the legs according to the type of the letter "O" (popularly this condition is called "legs with a wheel");
• Deformation of the pelvic bones;
• Thickening of the ends of the tubular bones, as a result of which the knee, elbow, shoulder and ankle and finger joints become large and protruding. Such protruding joints are called rickety bracelets;
• Thickening of the ends of the ribs, which leads to the formation of protruding large joints at the junction of the rib bones with the sternum and spine. These protruding junctions of the ribs with the sternum and spine are called rachitic rosaries;
• Chest deformity (chicken breast);
• Sleep disturbance;

After elimination of vitamin D deficiency, sleep disturbances, irritability and sweating disappear, bone strength is restored, and the level of calcium and phosphorus in the blood gradually returns to normal. However, bone deformities (for example, a saddle nose, chicken breast, curvature of the legs, a square shape of the skull, etc.), which have already formed during the period of vitamin D deficiency, will not be corrected when the vitamin D deficiency is eliminated, but will remain for life and will be a sign rickets suffered in childhood.

Symptoms of vitamin D deficiency (rickets) in adults are:

• The development of osteomalacia, that is, bone thinning, from which calcium salts are washed out, which give strength;
• Osteoporosis;
• Burning sensation in the mouth and throat;

Vitamin D overdose

I degree of hypervitaminosis D- mild poisoning without toxicosis:

• sweating;
• Irritability;
• Sleep disturbance;
• Delayed weight gain;
• Thirst (polydipsia);
• A large amount of urine more than 2.5 liters per day (polyuria);
• Pain in joints and muscles.

• Anorexia;
• Periodic vomiting;
• Decrease in body weight;
• Tachycardia (palpitations);
• Muffled heart sounds;
• systolic murmur;
• Increased levels of calcium, phosphates, citrates, cholesterol and total protein in the blood (hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperproteinemia);
• Decreased activity of alkaline phosphatase in the blood (AP).

• Persistent vomiting;
• Severe weight loss;
• Low muscle mass (hypotrophy);
• lethargy;
• Low mobility (hypodynamia);
• Periods of marked anxiety;
• Periodic convulsions;
• High blood pressure;
• Muffled heart sounds;
• systolic murmur;
• expansion of the heart;
• Attacks of arrhythmia;
• ECG abnormalities (widening of the QRS complex and shortening of the ST interval);
• Pale skin and mucous membranes;
• Cold hands and feet;
• Dyspnea;
• Pulsation of the vessels in the neck and in the region of the stomach;
• Increased levels of calcium, phosphates, citrates, cholesterol and total protein in the blood (hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperproteinemia);
• Decreased levels of magnesium in the blood (hypomagnesemia);
• Decreased activity of alkaline phosphatase in the blood (AP);
• Complications in the form of bacterial infections (for example, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, myocarditis, pancreatitis);
• CNS depression up to coma.

Treatment of vitamin D overdose

In case of violations of the heart (arrhythmia, shortness of breath, palpitations, etc.) or the central nervous system (lethargy, coma, convulsions, etc.) against the background of an overdose of vitamin D, it is necessary to administer phosphate salt preparations, for example, In-fos, Hyper-fos-K, etc. .

Overdose and deficiency of vitamin D (rickets) in children: causes, symptoms, treatment, answers to questions - video

Vitamin D - indications for use

Vitamin D is indicated for use in the following conditions and diseases:

• Hypovitaminosis D (rickets) in children and adults;
• broken bones;
• Slow fusion of bones;
• Osteoporosis;
• Low levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood;
• Osteomyelitis (inflammation of the bone marrow);
• Osteomalacia (softening of the bones);
• Hypoparathyroidism or hyperparathyroidism (insufficient or excessive amounts of parathyroid hormones);
• Systemic lupus erythematosus;
• Chronic atrophic gastritis;
• Chronic enteritis of any etiology, including celiac disease, Whipple's disease, Crohn's disease, radiation enteritis;
• Chronic pancreatitis;
• Tuberculosis;
• Hemorrhagic diathesis;
• Psoriasis;
• Muscular tetany;
• Menopausal syndrome in women.

Vitamin D for a newborn - should I give it?

If the child is at least 0.5 - 1 hour a day on the street and is exposed to direct sunlight, while being completely breastfed, and the mother eats fully, then vitamin D is not needed. In this case, the child will receive part of vitamin D from mother's milk, and the missing amount is synthesized in his skin under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. It should be remembered that a mother's nutritious diet is such a diet in which she necessarily consumes vegetables and fruits every day, and meat, fish, eggs and dairy products at least one day a week. And a child’s walk means his stay on the street, under the sun, and not several hours spent in a closed stroller, walled up from the outside world.

If the child is mixed-fed, regularly goes outside, and the mother eats well, then he also does not need to give vitamin D, since modern baby food contains all the necessary vitamins and minerals in the right amount.

If the child is completely artificially fed using modern mixtures, then he does not need to give vitamin D, under any circumstances, even if he practically does not walk. This is due to the fact that in modern mixtures there are all the vitamins and trace elements necessary for the growth and development of the child in sufficient quantities.

If the child is breast-fed or mixed-fed, rarely goes outside without being exposed to solar radiation, and the mother is malnourished, then vitamin D should be given. You also need to give vitamin D if the child is artificially fed not with modern mixtures, but, for example, cow, goat or donor milk, etc.

Thus, vitamin D should be given to newborns only in the following cases:
1. The breastfeeding mother is malnourished.
2. Artificial feeding is carried out not with modern mixtures, but with donor milk of various origins.
3. The child is outside less than half an hour a day.

In principle, in modern conditions of a temperate climate, the need for additional intake of vitamin D by newborns under one year old is very rare, since the nutrition of nursing mothers and the availability of modern, nutrient-rich formulas for baby food have completely eliminated the problem of calciferol deficiency. It should be remembered that the mandatory intake of vitamin D by newborns for the prevention of rickets was introduced more than 40 years ago, when nursing mothers did not always eat well, worked overtime in difficult conditions of factory shops, and there were simply no infant formulas, and “artists” were fed with donor milk, which was necessarily boiled, which means that the vitamins in it turned out to be destroyed. Therefore, in the then existing conditions, vitamin D was a necessity for almost all newborns. Today, conditions have changed and all babies do not need the vitamin. Therefore, it should only be taken when needed.

Vitamin D for children

Vitamin D in summer

If a person does not go outside in the summer, for some reason is constantly indoors, or does not undress, leaving most of the skin covered, then he needs to take vitamin D prophylactically.

Vitamin D in foods - where is it found?

• Sea fish liver;
• Fatty fish, such as salmon, herring, mackerel, tuna, perch, etc.;
• Liver beef, pork;
• Fatty meats, such as pork, duck, etc.;
• Fish caviar;
• Eggs;
• Milk cream;
• Sour cream;
• Vegetable oil;
• Seaweed;
• Forest chanterelle mushrooms;
• Yeast.

Vitamin D preparations

• Ergocalciferol - natural vitamin D 2;
• Cholecalciferol - natural vitamin D 3;
• Calcitriol is an active form of vitamin D 3 obtained from natural products;
• Calcipotriol (Psorkutan) is a synthetic analogue of calcitriol;
• Alfacalcidol (alpha D 3) is a synthetic analogue of vitamin D 2 (ergocalciferol);
• Natural fish oil is a source of various forms of vitamin D.

Pharmacological preparations can be single-component, that is, containing only forms of vitamin D, or multi-component, which include vitamin D and various minerals, most often calcium. Both types of preparations can be used to eliminate vitamin D deficiency. However, multicomponent preparations are the best option, since they simultaneously eliminate the deficiency of vitamin D and some other elements.

All forms of vitamin D

• Aquadetrim vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol);
• Alphabet "Our baby" (vitamins A, D, E, C, PP, B 1, B 2, B 12);
• Alphabet "Kindergarten" (vitamins A, E, D, C, B 1);
• Alfadol (alfacalcidol);
• Alfadol-Ca (calcium carbonate, alfacalcidol);
• Alpha-D 3 -Teva (alfacalcidol);
• Van Alpha (alfacalcidol);
• Vigantol (cholecalciferol);
• Videhol (various forms and derivatives of vitamin D);
• Vita bears (vitamins A, E, D, C, B 1, B 2, B 6, B 12);
• Vitrum
• Vitrum Calcium + Vitamin D 3 (calcium carbonate, cholecalciferol);
• Vittri (vitamins E, D 3 , A);
• Calcemin Advance (calcium carbonate, calcium citrate, cholecalciferol, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide, manganese sulfate, borate);
• Calcium D 3 Nycomed and Calcium D 3 Nycomed forte (calcium carbonate, cholecalciferol);
• Complivit Calcium D 3 (calcium carbonate, cholecalciferol);
• Multi-Tabs (vitamins A, E, D, C, B 1, B 2, B 6, B 12);
• Natekal D 3 (calcium carbonate, cholecalciferol);
• Oxidevit (alfacalcidol);
• Osteotriol (calcitriol);
• Pikovit (vitamins A, PP, D, C, B 1, B 2, B 6, B 12);
• Polyvit (vitamins A, E, D, C, B 1, B 2, B 6, B 12);
• Rocaltrol (calcitriol);
• Sana-Sol (vitamins A, E, D, C, B 1, B 2, B 6, B 12);
• Centrum (vitamins A, E, D, C, K, B 1, B 2, B 6, B 12);
• Ergocalciferol (ergocalciferol);
• Etalfa (alfacalcidol).

Vitamin D oil solution

• Vigantol;
• Vitamin D 3 oral solution in oil;
• Videhol;
• Oksidevit;
• Ergocalciferol;
• Etalfa.

Calcium with Vitamin D

• Alfadol-Ca;
• Vitrum Calcium + Vitamin D 3;
• Calcemin Advance;
• Calcium D 3 Nycomed and Calcium D 3 Nycomed forte;
• Complivit Calcium D 3;
• Natekal D 3 .

Ointment or cream with vitamin D

• Glenriaz (calcipotriol);
• Daivobet (calcipotriol);
• Daivonex (calcipotriol);
• Xamiol (calcitriol);
• Curatoderm (tacalcitol);
• Psorkutan (calcipotriol);
• Silkis (calcitriol).

Vitamin D - which is better

That is, complex vitamin-mineral complexes containing vitamins D are optimal for the prevention of osteoporosis, osteomalacia and other bone diseases. Oil solutions of vitamin D are well suited for the prevention and treatment of rickets in children and adults, since they can be administered not only orally, but also intravenously or intramuscularly. And external creams and ointments with vitamin D are the best drugs for the treatment of psoriasis.

Thus, if a person just wants to drink a course of vitamin D for prevention, then complex vitamin-mineral complexes, for example, Vittri, Alfadol-Ca, etc., will be optimal for him. If it is necessary to prevent rickets in a child, then oil solutions of vitamin D are best suited for this purpose. To eliminate vitamin deficiency and treat various diseases, oil solutions of vitamin D are also the best form.

Vitamin D instructions for use - how to give drugs

Tablets, drops and pills of vitamin D should be taken during or immediately after meals. The oil solution can be poured onto a small piece of black bread and eat it.

For the prevention of rickets, vitamin D is taken in the following dosages, depending on age:

• Full-term newborns from 0 to 3 years old - take 500 - 1000 IU (12 - 25 mcg) per day;
• Premature newborns from 0 to 3 years old - take 1000 - 1500 IU (25 - 37 mcg) per day;
• Pregnant women - take 500 IU (12 mcg) per day during the entire period of bearing a child;
• Nursing mothers - take 500 - 1000 IU (12 - 25 mcg) per day;
• Women in menopause - take 500 - 1000 IU (12 - 25 mcg) per day;
• Men of reproductive age take vitamin D 500-1000 IU (12-25 mcg) per day to improve sperm quality.

For the treatment of rickets and other diseases of the skeletal system, it is necessary to take vitamin D 2000 - 5000 IU (50 - 125 mcg) for 4 - 6 weeks. Then you need to take a week break, after which you will repeat the course of taking vitamin D.

Vitamin D analysis

Fragility of bones and problems with teeth are associated with a violation of the absorption of calcium and phosphorus or their lack in the body. Active metabolites of calciferol, or vitamin D3, which is obtained from food, can help in solving the problem - especially pediatricians insist on using the latter. How does it affect the state of bone tissue and what drugs with it in the composition does it make sense to drink?

Why does the body need vitamin D3?

The official name of this substance is cholecalciferol. It belongs to the group of fat-soluble vitamins and is produced by the body exclusively under the influence of ultraviolet rays, so in winter, adults and children often experience a lack of it. Synthesis occurs in the skin. Vitamin D3 has the following pharmacological properties:

• It takes part in the exchange of phosphorus and increases the absorption of this mineral in the intestine.
• It is important for the absorption of calcium, since it increases the permeability of mitochondria in the cells that make up the intestinal epithelium.

Proper reabsorption and the normal course of calcium metabolism, which are observed only with a normal amount of this vitamin D3 in the body, help to increase the strength of the bones of newborns and form their skeleton, improve the condition of the teeth, are necessary for the prevention of osteoporosis, rickets and a number of other diseases associated with a violation of the structure bone tissue.

However, the symptoms of cholecalciferol deficiency can be noticed not only by the deterioration of the teeth / bones:

• performance drops;
• general fatigue increases;
• there is an early stage of multiple sclerosis.

What products contain

The natural deficiency of cholecalciferol, which occurs in winter and among residents of the northern regions, is partially compensated by its intake from food: the body can receive vitamin d3 from certain foods and absorb it almost completely. Helpful in this matter:

• fish fat;
• parsley;
• milk (debatable, since the process of calcium absorption is inhibited by the phosphorus present here);
• egg yolks (raw);
• tuna, mackerel;
• halibut liver;
• butter;
• oatmeal.

Indications for use

Predominantly, calcium deficiency is experienced by pregnant and breastfeeding women, therefore vitamin D (doctors combine D2 and D3 here immediately) in this period is necessarily recommended in the form of tablets or injections. Given the sensitivity of newborns and the transfer of all useful substances with breast milk if they are breastfed, it is more important that the mother does not experience a deficiency. In older children, the use of a drug form of vitamin D3 is necessary for:

• prevention and treatment of rickets;
• treatment of osteoporosis;
• strengthening the bone skeleton in preschool and old age;
• treatment of hypoparathyroidism;
• treatment of osteomalacia;
• prevention of deficiency of this vitamin in liver diseases, vegetarianism, after gastric resection.

Method of application and dosage

In the case of unreasonable use of cholecalciferol, the patient may develop a chronic overdose, so doctors insist on carefully reading the instructions and studying the concentration of the key vitamin composition. There are daily standards for cholecalciferol: up to 500 IU in adults, 200 IU in a child. If some factors have led to vitamin D3 deficiency, doctors prescribe drugs based on the following facts:

• the concentration of calcium reaches the norm when taking 200 thousand IU for six months;
• with osteoporosis, the same 200 thousand IU are needed, but for 2 weeks;
• with rickets, up to 400 thousand IU are prescribed for six months.

Vitamin D3 capsules

Among the dosage forms of cholecalciferol present in pharmacies, the capsular one wins: it is produced by several pharmaceutical companies, but such vitamin D3 is mainly produced for adults, since the dosages of the main substance are very high - from 600 IU. Among these drugs, Solgar deserves attention - a product of an American manufacturer, is a dietary supplement, cannot be used during pregnancy and in children. Dosage - 1 capsule per day with food.

Drops

Aquadetrim vitamin D3 has a concentration of 15000 IU / ml, which is equal to 30 drops. Such an amount is needed during pregnancy, if the doctor has already diagnosed a lack of vitamins of group D, or for other reasons for a serious deficiency of cholecalciferol - you should not buy water for the prevention of Aquadetrim. Among the key disadvantages of the drug is the difficulty of choosing a dosage - you need to do this with a doctor, because:

• 1 drop is equivalent to 500 IU of this vitamin, which covers the daily requirement of an adult's body;
• in a child, prophylactic administration of the drug can lead to hypervitaminosis D3.

The official instruction for the treatment of cholecalciferol deficiency advises to adhere to the following doses:

• Infants older than 4 months - up to 3 drops per day.
• During pregnancy - 1 drop daily from the 1st trimester until childbirth, or 2 drops, but from the 28th week.
• After menopause, 2 drops per day.
• With rickets, you can drink up to 10 drops per day, the course is 1.5 months. The exact dosage depends on the severity of the disease and urinalysis.

Vitamin D3 tablets

The most famous pharmaceutical preparation of this type is the mineral complex Calcium-D3 Nycomed, which is well tolerated by people of all ages, since even a prophylactic dose is easy to choose. 1 tablet is 200 IU of vitamin D3, which is half the norm for a child and 1/3 of the adult norm. There is also a version of "Forte", with a double dosage of the vitamin.

According to the instructions, tablets are taken mainly for prevention according to the following rules:

• Children over 12 years old and adults 1 pc. in the morning and in the evening.
• Children from 5 years old - 1 tablet. At a younger age, the dosage is set by the doctor.
• Tablets are allowed to dissolve or chew.

oil solution

The disadvantage of this form of vitamin D3, doctors call toxicity, so pediatricians prescribe it to babies only when absolutely necessary, mainly recommending aqueous solutions or tablets. However, oil solutions also have advantages: vitamin D3 requires fat to be dissolved and absorbed, which water is not. Symptoms of an overdose if Vitamin D3 oil solution is drunk are also less common. The most used by doctors is Vigantol, which has a simple composition, but like Aquadetrim, it cannot be used without a doctor's prescription.

Vitamin D3 for children

Mostly, doctors prescribe cholecalciferol to premature babies, since they do not have a natural supply of this element. However, it can give a strong load on the kidneys, so you need to entrust the choice of the drug and dosage to the doctor. A separate point is the inadmissibility of taking such funds in the summer (only from October to March), and the child himself must be breastfed.

How to take vitamin D3 for babies

In children older than two weeks of age, doctors advise to carry out the procedure for strengthening bone tissues only with obvious symptoms of vitamin D3 deficiency, if they do not receive it from mother's milk, or due to congenital pathologies they have poor absorption of calcium. Mostly, experts advise oil drops that need to be diluted with warm water. Instructions for use are as follows:

• A baby born on time is prevented from rickets from the 2nd week of life, giving 1 drop of an oily vitamin solution daily. Water - 2 times a week in the same dosage.
• If the child is premature, the dose is increased by 2 times.

Side effects

With normal sensitivity and full adherence to the instructions, negative reactions are not observed. Rarely happens:

• nausea;
• diarrhea;
• headache;
• disruption of the kidneys.

Overdose

In children, long-term use of large doses of vitamin D3 can lead to impaired calcium metabolism, which is noticeable in the blood test, especially if thiazide preparations are used. In the case of high sensitivity of the organism may develop.

In the body of an infant, it causes a violation of the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. As a result, skeletal ossification occurs incorrectly, which eventually leads to rickets.

Vitamin D deficiency is critical for infants under one year of age. Their bones grow the fastest, and violations of mineral metabolism lead to serious consequences. For the prevention and treatment of rickets, children are given vitamin D preparations, which are on the market in several pharmaceutical forms.

Most often used aquatic or oil solutions. They begin to be used from the 2nd month of life for full-term babies, and from the 2-3rd week for premature babies.

Vitamin D for babies - which is better

Vitamin D3 oil solution for newborns

Advantages

• neutral taste;
• less likely to cause allergies;
• contains no alcohol;
• oil increases the bioavailability of vitamin D.

Flaws

• poorly absorbed in case of problems with the synthesis and secretion of bile;
• high risk of overdose if used incorrectly;
• short therapeutic effect (up to 1.5 months).

Aqueous solution of vitamin D3 for newborns

Advantages

• well absorbed in liver diseases;
• blood concentration increases 6-7 times faster than when using oil solutions;
• the therapeutic effect lasts up to 3 months;
• less likely to cause an overdose.

Flaws

• more likely to cause allergies;
• specific taste;
• contains alcohol.

An aqueous solution of vitamin D for infants is better and safer to use, but should be given with caution to children with allergies and alcohol intolerance. The oil solution is suitable for allergy sufferers, but its use requires accurate dose selection and the absence of liver disease.

In what preparations is vitamin D produced for newborns

Water based

1. Aquadetrim - produced in Poland, available in bottles of 10 ml. It is sold without a prescription, the average price is 145 UAH / 410 rubles.
2. Vitamin D3 aqueous solution - produced in Russia, available in bottles of 10 ml. It is sold without a prescription, the average price is 45 UAH / 115 rubles.

Oil based

1. Vigantol- German drug, 10 ml bottles, without a prescription, price 91 UAH / 280 rubles.
2. Devisol- Finnish vitamin D for newborns, 10 ml bottles, without a prescription, price 140 UAH / 400 rubles.
3. Vitamin D3 Bon- produced in France, ampoules of 1 ml, without a prescription, price 27 UAH / 130 rubles.

How to give vitamin D to a baby

There are several criteria that affect how infants should take vitamin D.
Type of feeding- almost all artificial mixtures contain vitamin D, when using them, dose adjustment or complete withdrawal of the drug is necessary. Children who eat natural milk are more likely to be deficient in vitamin D.

Health status- children with liver disease with impaired synthesis or outflow of bile should be given an aqueous solution of vitamin D. Allergic people should be given it with caution. In case of violation of absorption from the intestine, the dosage must be adjusted.

day length- the need for vitamin D increases in the autumn-winter period. In the conditions of the Far North, dosages increase regardless of the season.

A solution of vitamin D is given orally, after dissolving the required dose in a small amount of water. You can not drip the drug directly into the child's mouth - it is more difficult to measure the required amount, which often leads to an overdose.

Vitamin D deficiency in infants - symptoms

a lack of

• restless sleep;
• irritability and tearfulness;
• convulsions;
• excessive softness of the edges of a large fontanel;
• constipation;
• increased sweating;
• hair loss at the back of the head;
• an increase in the size of the head;
• flattening of the neck;
• softening of the bones of the crown;
• thickenings on the ribs in the form of a rosary;
• curvature of the bones of the legs;
• slow weight gain.

Vitamin D overdose in infants - symptoms

The main cause of hypervitaminosis D in infants is the wrong dosage. A single overdose rarely causes harm, more often it occurs with regular intake of large amounts of vitamin D.
Overdose

• thirst;
• frequent urination;
• deterioration in hair growth;
• anxiety;
• frequent regurgitation;
• diarrhea;
• constipation;
• labored breathing;
• convulsions;
• increase in blood pressure.

Allergy to vitamin D in infants

Allergy directly to vitamin D in children is rare. More often the body reacts to additional components that make up the drug.

The main symptoms of allergies in infants

1. rash on cheeks;
2. itching and peeling of the skin;
3. local inflammation of the skin;
4. eczema;
5. swelling of the tongue and lips;
6. angioedema;
7. sneezing and coughing;
8. asthma attacks.

Should You Give Vitamin D to Babies?

Doctors are divided on the importance of taking vitamin D. Some pediatricians believe that vitamin therapy is necessary for most infants, others argue that vitamin D should only be given to babies at risk. It includes children who are breastfed and living in regions with short daylight hours.

If the child does not have direct indications for taking vitamin D, then the final choice is made by the parents. Most pediatricians agreed that if the baby does not have side effects, then the use of the drug is advisable. In this case, the supposed benefit of using vitamin D outweighs the potential harm.

Most of the reviews about vitamin D for babies are positive. Allergic reactions are rare, other side effects are very rare. In children with symptoms of rickets, there is an improvement in the condition up to a complete recovery. Some parents report anxiety when using an aqueous solution of vitamin D, apparently associated with the alcohol that is part of the drug.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vNQe9WevLpA

The normal functioning of the human body is possible provided that the reserves of vitamins, minerals and other useful substances are replenished. Their insufficiency leads to disruption of the organs and metabolism. Vitamins play a special role. Deficiency of these components has a very noticeable effect on health. In order not to meet this problem, it is necessary to eat rationally and take

The value of vitamin D3

Takes part in many processes in the body. It affects the immune, bone, nervous systems, cell growth and the state of the endocrine glands.

The component is primarily responsible for the absorption of magnesium and calcium minerals, which are necessary for the formation of dental and bone tissue. Vitamin D3 takes an active part in the exchange of phosphorus and calcium, as a result of which, due to an increase in the influx of minerals, dental and bone tissue is strengthened. It affects the processes of cell renewal and growth, protects the body from the development of cancers. A sufficient concentration of the component helps to strengthen the immune system, normalizes the level of glucose in the blood, and has a positive effect on the cardiovascular system.

The daily norm is about 500 IU, for adults - 600 IU. Women during pregnancy and lactation are recommended to take up to 1500 IU. An additional dose is also needed for the elderly.

Vitamin D deficiency: causes

Vitamin D deficiency in the body, which can be caused by factors such as lack of sunlight and insufficient indoor insolation, is a fairly common phenomenon. It is more common in people who live in northern latitudes, where the lack of sunlight and long winters prevent the skin from producing the component. Improper diet, insufficient consumption of dairy products and fish can also lead to the development of deficiency.

The body is able to use vitamin D3 only in its active form, for which the kidneys are responsible. Accordingly, people with kidney failure or other problems with these organs are also at risk of developing vitamin D deficiency. Diseases such as cystic fibrosis, celiac disease, and Crohn's disease disrupt the absorption of the component from food.

The following factors contribute to the development of vitamin D deficiency: a vegetarian diet, the use of antacids, kidney and liver disease, dark skin, lactation and pregnancy, age over 50 years.

Deficiency symptoms

Depending on the degree of deficiency and the sensitivity of the person, the symptoms of deficiency may also differ. In the initial stages, it may not manifest itself at all, and then abruptly turn into rickets. Deficiency symptoms include: weight loss, weakness, stoop, bony deformities, spinal deformity, stunted growth in children, muscle cramps, deformed teeth, delayed tooth formation, joint pain.

Vitamin deficiency in the body can be cured if you pay attention to the presence of a problem in time. To do this, you need to monitor the state of your health and the health of your children, make the right menu, walk in the fresh air and avoid bad habits.

Possible Complications

If measures are not taken to neutralize vitamin D deficiency, this can lead to the development of very serious diseases that are difficult to treat, and in some cases can remain for life. The most common complications include rickets (especially in childhood), osteoporosis (brittle bones), osteomalacia, fractures, and bone deformities. In early childhood, when a child's bone tissue is just being formed, a lack of a vitamin can affect the quality of bones in the future.

Against the background of a deficiency, the following diseases can gradually develop: multiple sclerosis, hypertension, constant headache, depression, chronic pain and fatigue, diseases of the cardiovascular system, cancer, asthma, arthritis.

Prevention

You can prevent the development of a deficiency by adhering to simple rules. The first is sufficient exposure to the sun and fresh air. Sunlight has a positive effect on the general condition of a person and stimulates the production of vitamin D by the skin. The daily diet should include foods that contain this component. They can replace drugs and provide the body with the necessary substances.

Complex supplements or vitamins in preparations should be taken only after a thorough examination by a doctor. A specialist can prescribe them for diseases that can contribute to the development of a deficiency.

Deficiency treatment

The lack of vitamin in the blood threatens with the occurrence of serious complications, so it is necessary to take action at the first sign. Treatment should be comprehensive and consist of several steps. First, it is necessary to find the cause that caused the deficiency and eliminate it. It is worth reviewing your lifestyle and daily diet, making some adjustments to it. In particular, you need to eat fatty fish, dairy products, drink fortified milk more often.

After examination at the clinic, the doctor may prescribe drugs containing vitamin D. The choice of drugs is very large, vitamin D3 (solution) is popular. Another drug is known under the name "Aquadetrim". Before using any product, read the instructions. Of great importance is vitamin D3 for infants. The drug "Aquadetrim" is good because it is suitable for use from four weeks of age.

Vitamin D3

To maintain a normal level of the component in the blood, you need to include foods containing it in sufficient quantities in your daily diet. If it fails, then medications that are designed to provide the body with vitamin D3 will come to the rescue.

The most common drugs include Viganol, Minisan, Aquadetrim. The last one, an aqueous solution of vitamin D3, deserves special attention. The peculiarity of the drug is that it is approved for use by pregnant women and newborn babies. The tool prevents the development of rickets, osteoporosis and other similar diseases, is used in the treatment of beriberi. The drug can be bought at any pharmacy kiosk at an affordable price, it is sold without a prescription, but before use, especially during pregnancy, it is advisable to consult a doctor and carefully read the instructions.

Pharmacology

The drug "Aquadetrim", or water vitamin D3, thanks to the active substance - colcalciferol, affects the normalization of the metabolism of phosphates and calcium, resulting in the correct formation of the bone skeleton and the preservation of the structure of bone tissue. The active component of the drug takes part in the reabsorption of phosphates, the functioning affects the synthesis of adenosine triphosphoric acid.

The solution helps to normalize the content of calcium ions, affects blood clotting and conduction of nerve impulses, prevents the development of hypovitaminosis and calcium deficiency, as a result of which diseases such as osteoporosis and rickets develop.

An aqueous solution of "Akvadetrim", compared with an oil one, has greater bioavailability and is better absorbed; it does not require the presence of bile for absorption into the blood, which is especially important for premature babies who still have an immature digestive system.

Indications

The use of vitamin D3 is recommended primarily for beriberi and hypovitaminosis. A drug is prescribed for the treatment and prevention of rickets-like diseases, hypocalcemia, tetany (caused by hypocalcemia). A sufficient amount of the component is necessary for infants and children who grow and develop, their bones are formed and require its presence for normal absorption of calcium.

During menopause and postmenopause, due to hormonal changes, women may develop osteoporosis, for the treatment of which you also need to take vitamin D3. Instructions for use describe all cases in which you can use the "Akvadetrim". The drug is prescribed for calcium loss in teeth and bones, osteomalacia of various etiologies, osteopathies caused by metabolic disorders. It also has a good effect on the restoration and fusion of bone tissue after fractures.

Contraindications

Before giving vitamin D3 to children or taking it yourself, it is advisable to consult a doctor, because it has a list of contraindications for use and side effects.

You should not take the drug with individual sensitivity to cholecalciferol, as well as with intolerance to benzyl alcohol. If you have elevated levels of calcium in your blood (hypercalcemia) or urine (hypercalciuria), you should also stop taking vitamin D3. The instruction prohibits the use of the drug for hypervitaminosis, insufficiency of kidney function, active form of tuberculosis, urolithiasis. With prolonged immobilization, large doses of the drug are contraindicated.

During pregnancy and breastfeeding, the drug is prescribed, taking into account the condition of the mother and fetus (child). In this case, extreme caution is needed, because with an overdose, the baby may have developmental disorders. Caution should also be given to vitamin D3 for newborns, and especially for premature babies.

Side effects

Patients taking vitamin D3 may experience some side effects. If the drug is used in recommended doses, then the possibility of their occurrence is close to zero. Side effects may appear when the dose is exceeded or with individual hypersensitivity to the components of the drug.

You can determine the body's reaction to the action of the drug by the following symptoms: irritability, sudden mood changes, stupor, depression, mental disorders, headache. On the part of the gastrointestinal tract, dry mouth, thirst, vomiting, nausea, stool disorders, rapid weight loss, up to anorexia can be disturbed. The cardiovascular system can react with an increase in blood pressure, an increase in heart rate, and disturbances in the activity of the heart. In addition, side effects such as nephropathy, myalgia, general muscle weakness, polyuria, and soft tissue calcification may occur.

special instructions

If the drug is used to treat a disease, then only a doctor can prescribe it, referring to the results of blood and urine tests. When using the remedy for prophylactic purposes, it is necessary to remember the possibility of an overdose, especially for pediatric patients. With prolonged use of vitamin D3 in high doses, chronic hypervitaminosis may develop.

When giving the drug to newborns, attention should be paid to their individual sensitivity to its components. If taken for a long time, it threatens with the possibility of growth retardation. In elderly patients, the daily requirement for the component increases, but vitamin D preparations may be contraindicated for them due to the presence of various diseases. In this case, you need to fill the body's need by eating foods high in this substance.

Vitamin D3 in products

You can make up for the lack of vitamins with the help of not only medicines, but also food. A sufficient amount of vitamin D3 is found in mackerel, mackerel, herring, tuna, fish liver, seafood, eggs, butter, cheese, cottage cheese, dairy products.

There is little vitamin in plant-derived products, which vegetarians should pay attention to. Such products include potatoes, nettles, horsetail, parsley, oatmeal. It is synthesized under the influence of sunlight, so it is worth spending more time in the fresh air, if possible, sunbathing.