Antimicrobials for external use. Outdoor sprays. Ointments with antibiotics for purulent wounds

-Polymyxins

The mechanism of action is bactericidal; disrupt cell wall permeability and transport mechanisms by binding to the bacterial cell membrane

Antimicrobial spectrum- Gr - microflora

Polymyxin ointment

Indications: Slow-healing purulent wounds, infected burns, necrotic ulcers, bedsores, purulent otitis media, abscesses, abrasions.

Unwanted effects: Hyperemia and itching of the skin, allergic reactions; with prolonged use or when applied to large areas - impaired renal function.

-Tetracyclines

The mechanism of action is bacteriostatic; violation protein synthesis of a bacterial cell - binding to the 30S subunit of the ribosome leads to disruption of the peptide chain; the formation of chelate compounds with metals causes inhibition of enzyme systems

Antimicrobial spectrum - wide: Gr + and Gr - microflora, causative agents of plague, cholera,dysentery,brucellosis,tularemia, malaria, rickettsia, spirochetes, actinomycetes

Unwanted effects: allergic reactions: local - skin rash, itching, skin flushing, burning sensation, photosensitization - increased skin sensitivity to sunlight.

Tetracycline ointment

Indications for use: It is used for trachoma (an infectious eye disease that can lead to blindness), conjunctivitis (inflammation of the outer shell of the eye), blepharitis (inflammation of the edges of the eyelids) and other infectious diseases of the eyes.

-Aminoglycosides

Gentamicin

Mechanism of action: bactericidal, binds to the 30S-subunit of ribosomes leads to the formation of a non-functional protein.

Antimicrobial spectrum: Gr - microflora

Unwanted action: allergic reactions: local - skin rash, itching, skin flushing, burning sensations,

Gentamycin ointment - bacterial infections of the skin and soft tissues caused by sensitive microflora: pyoderma (including gangrenous), superficial folliculitis, furunculosis, sycosis, paronychia. Infected: dermatitis (including contact, seborrheic and eczematous), ulcers (including varicose), wounds (including surgical, sluggish), burns (including plants), insect bites , skin abscesses and cysts, "vulgar" acne; secondary bacterial infection in fungal and viral infections of the skin.

-Macrolides

1st generation - erythromycin, oleandomycin

Mechanism of action: bacteriostatic (bactericidal in high concentrations), disruption of protein synthesis by binding to the 50s subunit of ribosomes and inhibition of the translocation process.

Antimicrobial spectrum: Gr + microflora (staphylo-, pneumo-, streptococci)

Unwanted effects: Allergic reactions, itching, rash

Erythromycin ointment Used to treat infections of the mucous membrane of the eyes, trachoma (an infectious eye disease that can lead to blindness); for the treatment of pustular skin diseases, infected wounds, bedsores (tissue necrosis caused by prolonged pressure on them due to lying down), II and III degree burns, trophic ulcers (slowly healing skin defects).

115. Sulfonamide preparations. Classification. Pharmacokinetics. Mechanism of action. Application.

SULFANILAMIDE DRUGS

A) medications well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with a resorptive effect:

a) short - streptocide, sulfadimezin, sulfacyl sodium (albucid), etazol;

b) long-term - sulfapyridazine, sulfadimethoxine (madribone);

c) super-long - sulfalene.

B) drugs, poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, used to treat intestinal infections (it sits there for a long time and beats the infection) - ftalazol.

AT) Combined drugs:

a) with salicylic acid (used to treat ulcerative colitis) - salazopyridazine, salazosulfapyridine;

b) with trimethoprim - co-trimoxazole (bactrim, biseptol).

D) Preparations for local application- streptocide, sulfacyl sodium and other sodium salts of sulfonamides.

Pharmacokinetics .

Suction. Slightly in the stomach and mainly in the large intestine, they have a high lipophilicity (30 minutes after administration they are already found in the urine).

Bioavailability is high 70-90%.

Biotransport. Reversibly bind to serum albumin. CASS CA/protein is directly proportional to the degree of hydrophobicity. SA can displace other simultaneously prescribed drugs, in particular NSAIDs and endogenous substances (bilirubin), from the connection with the protein.

Distribution. SA pass through the histohematic, placental and blood-brain barriers. Through the BBB it is better if there is an inflammatory process. Also pass into breast milk.

Biotransformation.

Mechanism of action The mechanism is based on structural similarity to PABA, which is essential for the synthesis of dihydrofolic acid. Sulfonamides competitively displace folic acid from the synthesis process and cannot perform the function of PABA. As a result, the synthesis of THPA is disrupted, which leads to inhibition of the synthesis of nucleic acids of microorganisms and manifests itself in a delay in the growth and development of microbes.

Indications . Often prescribed in combination with antibiotics.

Urinary tract infections.

Biliary tract infections.

ENT infections.

Infections of the broncho-pulmonary system.

Intestinal infections (in particular toxoplasmosis, malaria).

wound infections.

Combined sulfa drugs.

Mechanism actions . Biseptolum-480 (co-trimazol), contains sulfamethoxazole 400 mg and trimethoprim 80 mg. The mechanism of action of the combined preparation is based on the principle of disruption of the synthesis of nucleic acids at two points: 1- at the level of inclusion of the SA component in PABA. 2- at the level of formation of tetrahydrofolic acid due to inhibition of the DHF-reductase enzyme. Due to this, Biseptol has a bactericidal effect.

Features of the combination of SA drugs.

Effective even in conditions of resistance to SA drugs.

Resistance to combination drugs develops more slowly.

Side effects.

Dyspeptic disorders.

Skin rashes.

Sometimes superinfection.

Decreased reproductive function (rare).

Co. - trimoxazole (Co-Trimoxazole, Biseptol). It contains two active principles - sulfamethaxazole and trimethoprim, which potentiate the antimicrobial effect of each other. The drug is active against many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including those resistant to sulfanilamide drugs. Assign inside: adults and children over 12 years old - 2 tablets 2 times a day; children - 2-4 children's tablets 2 times a day.

Co-trimoxazole

Rp.: Tabulettas "Co-trimoxazolum" N. 20

D.S. 1 tablet 2 times a day

Characteristic : Sulfanilamide

Indications : Infections of the urinary and upper respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract

Sulfalen um

Rep.: Tab. Sulfaleni 0.2 No. 10 D.S. Take for 7 days, 1 time per day 30 minutes before meals according to the following scheme: on the first day - 2 tablets, on the following days - 1/2 tablet.

Characteristic : Sulfanilamide is well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract

Indications : Urinary and upper respiratory tract infections, malaria

Sulfacyl - sodium (Sulfacylum-natrium, Albucidum-natrium). The drug is effective in streptococcal, pneumococcal and colibacillary infections. It is used in the form of an ointment, a solution for the treatment of deep caries, pulpitis, stomatitis of various etiologies. Release form: powder; 30% solution in vials of 5; 10 ml; 30% ointment.

116. Principles of sulfanilamide therapy. unwanted effects. Terms

rational purpose.

Sulfanilamide (SA) - synthetic chemotherapeutic agents that are derivatives of sulfanilamide (sulfonic acid amide).

R-radical - position at the end of the chain and indicates the difference between sulfanilamide drugs. NH 2 - must be without substituents and causes antimicrobial activity. The first drug received: red streptocide (1935).

General properties:

They have a similar structure.

General mechanism of action.

General spectrum of antibacterial action.

They have a bacteriostatic effect on microorganisms.

Conditions necessary for the manifestation of the mechanism of action:

Microorganisms can use sulfanilamide instead of PABA if their concentration in tissues is 20-100 times higher than PABA.

In the presence of pus, blood and tissue breakdown products, the effectiveness of sulfanilamide is sharply reduced due to the high concentration of PABA in these products.

They have an antimicrobial effect only against those microorganisms that themselves synthesize folic acid.

In SA-resistant microorganisms, an increased synthesis of PABA is observed.

The use of SA at low concentrations contributes to the formation of resistance of microorganism strains and leads to SA inefficiency.

Action spectrum: Fairly wide. Bacteria: pathogenic cocci, intestinal group, the causative agent of especially dangerous infections: cholera, plague, diphtheria. Chlamydia: trachoma, the causative agent of inguinal lymphogranuloma. Actinomycetes: drugs inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogens of systemic mycoses. The simplest: toxoplasmosis.

Complications of pharmacotherapy .

CNS: nausea, vomiting, headache, depression, fatigue.

Blood: leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, methemoglobinemia, hemolytic anemia.

Kidneys: oliguria, proteinuria, hematuria, crystalluria.

Kidney problems can be prevented by:

drinking plenty of water 3-5 liters per day;

drink alkaline mineral waters.

Allergic reactions: fever, itching, rash, joint pain.

117.118. Antimicrobial agents are derivatives of nitrofuran, 8-hydroxyquinoline, imidazole, quinoxaline. Fluoroquinolones. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Unwanted effects.

QUINOLONS AND FLUOROQUINOLONES .

non-fluorinated quinolones(naphthyridine and 4-quinoline) (urinary excretion) - nalidixic acid /nevigram/, oxolinium, pipemidiev /palin/;

1st generation (monofluoroquinolones)(urinary + gastrointestinal tract) - gram-negative: ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin /floxil, tarivid, zanotsin/, pefloxacin /abaktal/, norfloxacin /norilet, etc./, lomefloxacin /lomay, maksavin/;

II generation (difluoroquinolones) - respiratory: levofloxacin /tavanic/, sparfloxacin, etc.;

III generation (trifluoroquinolones) - respiratory-anaerobic: moxifloxacin /avelox/, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, trovafloxacin, etc.

8-OXYQUINOLINE(nitroxoline, chlorquinaldone, quiniofon, intetrix)

NITROFURAN (furatsilin, nifuroxazide, furazolidone, furadonin, furagin)

IMIDAZOLA (metronidazole, tinidazole).

OXAZOLIDINONES (linezolid).

quinoxaline (dioxidine, quinoxidine).

The use of antibiotics for the treatment of external injuries and inflammatory processes is accompanied by certain disorders in the field of digestion and the human immune system.

In case of damage to the skin, in order to avoid side effects, the use of antibacterial ointments for the skin is recommended. Unlike tablets or injections, the ointment does not enter the blood and lymph, acting only on the focus of inflammation.

The principle of action of antibacterial ointments is to prevent cell division of pathogenic microorganisms. Thus, the infection stops, the bacteria do not multiply and cannot infect other parts of the epidermis.

Also, ointments have an anti-inflammatory and healing effect. For any skin damage, regardless of the cause, the use of antibacterial ointments is considered the most effective treatment.

Types of antibacterial ointments

Several types of ointments with antibiotics are determined:

• Aminoglycoside;
• Levomycetin;
• Lincosamide;
• Macrolide.

Antibacterial ointments are intended for the treatment of skin diseases.

• skin lesions caused by bacteria;
• bites, injuries, burns, which were aggravated by the appearance of pathogenic microorganisms;
• otitis externa;
• eye diseases;
• furunculosis;
• acne;
• ulcers;
• streptoderma;
• purulent wounds;
• eczema;
• diseases in the intimate area.

Contraindications

Before using the medicine, it is important to know the main contraindications in order to avoid negative consequences:

• allergy to the components of the ointment;
• oncology;
• skin form of tuberculosis;
• children under 8 years of age;
• pregnant women (only after consulting a doctor).

Mode of application

For various injuries of the skin, antibacterial ointments are used for the skin.

For example:

Side effects

Since antibiotic ointments do not penetrate the bloodstream, the harm from them is minimal.

Basically, this is discomfort in the area of ​​​​application:

• burning;
• redness.

Overdose

With prolonged use of the drug, an overdose may occur, accompanied by:

• nausea;
• vomiting;
• kidney damage;
• disorders of the cardiovascular system.

In such cases, the drug is replaced by an analogue or the dosage is reduced.

The use of ointments during pregnancy and lactation

During pregnancy and lactation, antibiotics are used only under medical supervision. He must know: how pregnancy proceeds, history, results of all tests, allergic reactions. And in accordance with these data, prescribe drugs containing antibiotics. The most safe will be antibiotics from the group of macrolides.

When feeding a baby, mothers often suffer from cracked nipples. In this case, Levomycetin ointment is used. Antibiotics should be used with extreme caution, as some of them pass into breast milk. The least toxic antibiotics for the baby and mother are macrolides.

Application to children

Many antibiotic ointments are strictly forbidden for children under 12 years of age. If the child is injured, then in order to avoid infection, it is better to use an antiseptic. With streptoderma in childhood, you can use Levomekol or Zinc ointment with chloramphenicol. But pre-treat the skin with green or fucorcin.

Also, chloramphenicol ointment and Erythromycin will help with eye diseases. Newborns are allowed to use such funds only after 4 weeks from birth. And children under 3 years old - strictly under the supervision of a doctor.

The use of aminoglycoside ointments

Topical aminoglycoside preparations include ointments:

• Gentamicin;
• Framycetin;
• Neomycin;
• Tombramycin.

They are used in the field of ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology. Treat purulent infections caused by bacteria.

For example:

• conjunctivitis;
• blepharitis;
• uveitis;
• otitis externa;
• rhinitis or sinusitis.

The use of chloramphenicol ointments

The chloramphenicol group includes ointments:

• Levomycetin;
• Fulevil;
• Levomekol.

Levomycetin ointments are widely used in the treatment of such skin diseases as:

• boils;
• ulcers;
• bacterial eczema;
• bedsores;
• necrosis;
• burns.

These products completely kill microbes and accelerate the process of regeneration of the skin.

They are also used in ophthalmology. Cope with eye diseases such as:

• conjunctivitis;
• barley;
• trachoma;
• keratitis;
• blepharitis.

The use of lincosamide ointments

The lincosamide group of topical preparations includes ointments:

• Lincomycin - Akos;
• Dalacin;
• Klindavid.

These drugs are used in inflammatory processes with the formation of pus.

Treat effectively:

• furunculosis;
• face;
• acne;
• vaginal infections;
• acne.

The use of macrolide ointments

Antibiotics of the macrolide group are considered the safest for the human body.

These antibacterial ointments for the skin include:

• Altrocin - S;
• Erythromycin ointment.

Antibiotics, which are part of the ointments, disrupt the vital activity of microorganisms, inhibiting protein synthesis. As a result, pathogenic bacteria die. These drugs have anti-inflammatory properties, activate the immune system.

They are used in the treatment of diseases such as:

• syphilis and gonorrhea;
• eye diseases;
• juvenile acne;
• burns;
• ulcers;
• conjunctivitis.

Ointments for wounds

Antibacterial ointments for the skin are used for rapid regeneration of the epidermis, and also prevent the risk of infection and suppuration of wounds. Since the skin serves to protect the body from viruses and pathogens in case of abrasions, cuts and other injuries.

With such violations of the integrity of the skin, drugs of various groups of antibiotics are used:

1. From the aminoglycoside group: Baneocin. The antibiotics included in its composition destroy fusobacteria and gram-negative microorganisms. Effectively works under a bandage. Use 2-3 times in 24 hours. The duration of the course is from 5 to 8 days. Use with caution during pregnancy;
2. From chloramphenicol allocate: Fulevil. Thinly smear under the bandage and change it 1 time in 24 hours. The course of treatment is from 1 to 3 weeks. Do not use in case of excessive sensitivity to chloramphenicol;
3. Of the lincosamides, lincomycin ointment is used. It is applied to treated wounds 2 times a day for a week. Do not use in diseases of the kidneys and liver;
4. Of the macrolides, erythramycin ointment is suitable. Lubricate open wounds 3 times a day, preferably under a bandage. Treatment lasts from 2 weeks to 3-4 months.
5. Antibacterial ointments with a healing effect Nitacid and Rescuer are also used.

Ointments for purulent wounds

An untimely and insufficiently qualified wound is infected with bacteria:

• streptococcus;
• staphylococcus;
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Escherichia coli.

To stop the development of bacteria, treatment must begin immediately after skin lesions, so that antibacterial ointments provide the necessary assistance in the early stages of suppuration. With such lesions, an integrated approach is required.

Ointments for wounds in diabetes

A person suffering from diabetes needs to carefully monitor the condition of the skin. Since wounds with such a diagnosis heal very slowly. The risk of infection is very high.

With a purulent stage of wounds, such antibacterial ointments for the skin will help:

1. Levomekol. The antibiotic chloramphenicol contained in the ointment actively fights microbes. And dioxomethyltetrahydropyrimidine promotes the regeneration of the dermis. The drug should be applied a couple of times a day until the wounds are completely healed;
2. Levosin. Combined remedy. It has anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antimicrobial properties. Use 2 times a day until complete recovery.

Ointments for cracks

Any, even the most minor damage to the skin, can become conductors of infections in the body. To avoid infection, it is necessary to treat abrasions or cracks with antibacterial ointments.

Suitable for this:

Ointments for acne

Ointments with antibiotics for acne are used after consulting a doctor who will determine the causative agents of the infection and prescribe the regimen and duration of the course of treatment.

1. Synthomycin ointment. Apply to acne up to 2 times in 24 hours for 4-5 days. Contraindications: pregnant women and during lactation, newborns, with diseases of the blood, kidneys and liver;
2. Tetracycline ointment. Apply twice a day. The course varies from a week to a month. The drug is prohibited for children under 10 years of age;
3. Erythromycin ointment. Lubricate acne up to 2-3 times in 24 hours. The course is 7-10 days. Not allowed for children under 10;
4. Baneocin. Apply pointwise to problem areas 2-3 times a day for a week.

Ointments for acne

With such a pathological problem as acne, many antibacterial ointments for the skin cope.

The most common of them are:

Ointments for papules

A nodular formation that rises above the dermis is called a papule. Single or multiple localized in different parts of the body on the skin or mucous membranes. Intimate areas are also affected.

Effective treatments are:

1. Baziron. Gently apply to formations up to 2 times in 24 hours. The course lasts up to 3 months. Contraindicated in children under 12 years of age;
2. Differin. Apply a thin layer once a day before going to bed. Treatment lasts within 2-3 months. Contraindicated in children under 12 years of age;
3. Skinoren. Gently rub into affected areas 2 times in 24 hours. The course of treatment varies within 4 weeks.

Ointments for injuries in the mouth

The mucous membrane of the human mouth is a breeding ground for a huge number of microbes. Habitual oral hygiene is not always enough for the mucosa to be in order.

The formation of ulcers or wounds brings discomfort and pain, in the fight against which will help:

Ointments for mucosal damage

The nasal mucosa is damaged by a long runny nose or injuries, due to which crusts, bleeding, and wounds form. In such cases, the ENT prescribes special ointments that promote rapid regeneration of the nasal mucosa.

1. Levomekol. Lubricate the mucous membrane up to 2 times 24 hours before recovery;
2. Levosin. Apply up to 2 times 24 hours before recovery.

Hormonal ointments

With itching, swelling, allergic reactions on the skin, topical hormonal preparations also do well. They are prescribed for long-term inflammatory processes on the dermis. These drugs are based on glucocorticosteroids and prevent the release of histamine from mast cells.

The use of ointments is justified for diseases:

Contraindications for use:

• allergic reaction after vaccination;
• fungal diseases of the skin;
• venereal diseases;
• tuberculosis;
• scabies;
• acne;
• herpes;
• shingles;
• helminthiases;
• children under 9 years old;
• pregnant women with caution.

The ointment is applied to the affected areas of the epidermis. Avoid the skin around the eyes. The drug is used for no more than 1 month.

Folk antibacterial agents for the skin

For the treatment of skin diseases, not only antibacterial ointments for the skin are used, but also folk remedies that are no less effective.

1. Soda. Take in a 1:1 ratio with water, mix and apply on the face for 20 minutes. The mask prevents the development of infections;
2. Vinegar (apple). Dissolve 4-5 teaspoons of apple cider vinegar in a glass of ordinary water and rinse your face with this water after washing;
3. Calendula. Juice or tincture of these flowers helps with bruises, abrasions, cuts;
4. Aloe. The juice of this plant has antibacterial properties. Accelerates the process of wound regeneration.

When using antibacterial ointments for the skin, dermatologists advise:

1. Strictly follow the doctor's recommendations;
2. Do not interrupt the course of treatment and do not skip the treatment of the wound with medicine;
3. Observe the dosage and time of application;
4. Pay attention to side effects;
5. Consider contraindications;
6. Do not self-medicate;
7. Before using the ointment, thoroughly clean the damaged areas of the skin;
8. Identify allergic reactions to the components of the product before use;
9. Combine drugs;
10. Moisturize the skin.

It's important to know! Antibacterial agents are medicines containing antibiotics. And it is not recommended to use them without the recommendation of a doctor.

Video about antibacterial ointments, how to use them and alternative methods of treatment

Recipe for homemade antibacterial ointment:

How antibacterial ointments for acne work:

Beauty is the sum of interacting elements. No need to take away, add, change anything.

Maurizio Carlotti

Fundamentally, the choice of a therapeutic strategy for acne should be based on an analysis of two main criteria:

• the severity of the skin process;
• the nature of its course.

The appointment of appropriate therapy should be based on skin type, sex, age, comorbidities and the effectiveness of previous treatments.

A significant number of acne patients have serious psychoemotional disorders, the severity of which often does not correlate with the severity of the skin process. This category of patients assesses their condition as more severe, which should be taken into account when prescribing therapy.

The main groups of drugs for the treatment of acne include:

• sebostatic;
• antibacterial;
• anti-inflammatory;
• eliminating follicular hyperkeratosis.

External therapy is prescribed to patients regardless of the severity of the disease. Indications for the appointment of systemic therapy are acne of moderate and severe severity, psychosocial maladaptation, as well as in cases of scarring and ineffective external treatment.

External acne therapy

Topical retinoids, antimicrobials (benzoyl peroxide), antibacterials, combined drugs, azelaic acid, salicylic acid are currently used for topical acne therapy. Preparations for external treatment act on certain links.

Topical retinoids

The mechanism of action of topical retinoids is to regulate and normalize the process of keratinization of the follicular epithelium (follicular keratinization), as well as to reduce the inflammatory process. At the same time, topical retinoids do not have a sebosuppressive effect, unlike systemic retinoids.

Isotretinoin (Retinoic ointment) - 13-cis-retinoic acid. Available in the form of an ointment at a concentration of 0.01%; 0.05%; 0.1%.

Isotretinoin should not be administered to patients receiving other drugs from the group of retinoids. The effect of the ointment is weakened by the simultaneous administration of antibiotics of the tetracycline group, as well as by the local application of glucocorticosteroids.

Application: the drug is applied in a thin layer to the affected areas of the skin 2 times a day. The duration of treatment is 4-12 weeks.

Adapalene(Differin) - a derivative of naphthoic acid with 0.1% content of the active substance. Available in cream and gel form.

Adapalene prevents the formation of comedones and promotes their removal (anticomedogenic action). Also, the drug has an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the migration of leukocytes in the focus of inflammation and the metabolism of arachidonic acid. Since the drug does not interact with other medicinal substances, it can be combined with any other external means (excluding retinoids).

Application: the drug is applied to the affected skin 1 time per day before bedtime on clean, dry skin, avoid contact with eyes and lips. The therapeutic effect develops after 4-8 weeks of treatment, a stable improvement is noted after a 3-month course of therapy, after which it is possible to use the drug in a maintenance regimen 2-3 times a week for several years. In some cases, due to short-term skin irritation, the number of applications may be reduced or treatment suspended until the signs of skin irritation disappear.

Side effects of topical retinoids:

• dry skin;
• irritation of mucous membranes upon contact with the drug.

Patients are advised to avoid direct sunlight, as slight skin irritation may occur. Treatment may be continued if solar exposure is kept to a minimum (use of sunglasses and hats). This action is due to the fact that retinoids affect the processes of keratinization and desquamation, causing thinning of the skin. The simultaneous use of cosmetics with a drying or irritating effect on the skin (for example, perfumes or alcohol-containing products) is not recommended.

Antimicrobials

Benzoyl peroxide (Baziron AS) available in the form of a gel in concentrations of 2.5%; 5 %; ten %.

The most appropriate use of the drug in combination with topical antibiotics (clindamycin) or topical retinoids. exhibits nonspecific antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis and other microorganisms due to the oxidizing effect of free oxygen. It has a keratolytic effect, improves tissue oxygenation, inhibits the production of sebum in the sebaceous glands. The use of benzoyl peroxide is not accompanied by the development of bacterial resistance and even prevents its occurrence when combined with antibiotics. It is recommended to avoid active, prolonged exposure to direct sunlight, as benzoyl peroxide has a keratolytic effect.

Application: the gel is applied evenly in a thin layer on the affected surface 1 or 2 times a day (morning and evening) on ​​clean, dry skin. The therapeutic effect develops after 4 weeks of treatment, stable improvement after 3 months of treatment.

Topical antibiotics

Antibacterial drugs, both topical and systemic, lead to a decrease in colonization P.acne. Given the potential for resistance P.acne to antibacterial drugs, the following principles of treatment should be followed:

• combine topical antibiotics with topical retinoids;
• combine topical antibiotics with benzoyl peroxide;
• avoid short-term prescription of external antibiotic therapy;
• do not use antibiotics as monotherapy for acne;
• Do not use topical and systemic antibiotics of different groups at the same time.

Combinations of topical retinoids and topical antibiotics:

Isotretinoin (0.05%) + erythromycin (2%) (Isotrexin)gel.

Indicated for mild to moderate acne. Isotretinoin affects mainly comedones, and the antibiotic prevents colonization by microorganisms.

Application: a small amount of gel is applied in a thin layer to the previously cleansed affected skin area 1 or 2 times a day. To achieve the full therapeutic effect, as a rule, 6-8 weeks are required. Pregnancy and lactation are the main contraindications to the use of the drug. In addition, it should not be given to children before puberty, as well as patients with known hypersensitivity to any of the components of the drug, patients with acute eczema, perioral dermatitis and rosacea. During treatment and after cessation of therapy, women of reproductive age should use reliable contraception for at least one ovarian-menstrual cycle.

Adapalene (0.1%) + clindamycin (1%) (Klenzit C)gel.

At the beginning of the use of the drug, an exacerbation of acne may occur. In case of skin irritation, the use of the gel should be temporarily discontinued. Perhaps the simultaneous appointment with benzoyl peroxide. Incompatible with solutions containing vitamin B complex, aminoglycosides, ampicillin, calcium gluconate and magnesium sulfate. Shows antagonism with erythromycin.

Application: apply the product on clean, dry skin, evenly distributing it over the entire affected surface 1 time per day before bedtime. The course of treatment is from 2 to 4 weeks .

It is recommended to avoid UV radiation. If you need to stay in the sun, stop applying the gel the day before and the day after sun exposure. Do not use at the same time cosmetic products with a drying or irritating effect (for example, cologne, ethanol-containing products). Do not use the gel in the presence of skin damage (burns, scratches, etc.).

In the event of dry skin during the use of any preparations for external therapy, it is necessary to use moisturizers .

Combinations of topical antibiotics and zinc:

Erythromycin + Zinc Acetate (Zinerit) . Produced in the form of a powder for the preparation of a solution for external use.

Erythromycin-zinc complex has anti-inflammatory, comedonolytic, antimicrobial action.

Erythromycin blocks protein synthesis of microbial cells, causing a bacteriostatic effect, and also has an anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effect.

Application: the preparation is supplied with an applicator, dries quickly and leaves no marks on the skin. It should be applied in a thin layer to the entire affected area of ​​the skin 2 times a day: in the morning (for women - before applying makeup) and in the evening (after washing). The greatest effect is observed after 6-8 weeks of use (improvement is possible after 2 weeks), the maximum allowable duration of treatment is 12 weeks.

Precautionary measures: the likelihood of developing cross-resistance to other macrolides, lincomycin, clindamycin should be taken into account.

Azelaic acid (Skinoren). Available in the form of 20% cream and 15% gel.

Azelaic acid is keratolytic and antibacterial Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis and anti-inflammatory action, has a suppressive effect on the growth and viability of abnormal melanocytes.

It is prescribed for mild to moderate acne as part of combination therapy, also as a maintenance treatment to prevent the appearance of post-inflammatory pigmentation.

Application: the drug is applied to the affected areas of the skin and gently rubbed 2 times a day (morning and evening).

It is important that the drug is used regularly throughout the treatment period. The duration of treatment depends on the individual picture of the disease and the severity of the symptoms. Acne usually improves after 4 weeks of treatment. However, to achieve positive results, it is recommended to continue using the drug for several months.

When using the drug, an irritating effect, a burning sensation, and peeling of the skin are possible.

Salicylic acid has a keratolytic, weak anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effect. In acne, the use of salicylic acid is justified from the standpoint of inhibiting the process of follicular keratinization and loosening of comedonal detritus, it is used as an alternative remedy in the treatment of mild acne.

Salicylic acid can be used as part of official pharmacological agents for external use and is included in prescription dosage forms.

Recommended daily cleansing of the skin no more than twice a day. More frequent contact with the cleanser may cause skin irritation. As cleansing preparations, you can use hypoallergenic low-component skin cleansers (Physiogel, Cetafil, etc.), as well as mousses, foams and gels, which allow you to maintain a neutral or acidic value and somewhat reduce the growth of pathogenic microflora, including R. acnes. To achieve a matting effect with increased sebum secretion, absorbent wipes or special cosmetics are used.

To correct dry skin that can be caused by external anti-acne agents, patients are recommended to use emollient moisturizers (emollients) in the form of hypoallergenic low-component creams (Physiogel cream, etc.) 1-2 times a day.

To eliminate inflammation and purulent lesions, various drugs with an antibiotic are used. Consider popular ointments that are effective for wound skin lesions.

From early childhood, we are faced with various skin lesions. In order for the healing process to pass quickly and not cause various complications, wound healing agents are used. Minor cuts, scrapes, and abrasions do not require special treatment, but if the wound covers a large area of ​​skin, antibiotic ointment is needed.

Antibacterial topical agents are necessary for an infectious lesion, when suppuration has begun. They have a wide spectrum of action, destroy pathogens. The best option for treatment is a wound healing ointment with an antibiotic. It helps in the treatment of eczema, chemical and thermal burns, inflammatory and purulent diseases. And also with bacterial infection after surgery.

When choosing a drug, it must be taken into account that they are classified according to the etiology and stage of the wound process. So, in the inflammatory process, antiseptics and antimicrobial ointments are used. With deep wounds, antibacterial medicines with analgesic effects are shown.

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Indications for the use of antibiotic ointments for wounds

The skin is an organ that performs protective functions and prevents the penetration of pathogenic viruses, bacteria, and infections into the body. Indications for the use of antibiotic ointments for wounds are based on a violation of the integrity of the dermis. Consider in what cases it is necessary to use the medicine:

• Deep cuts and scratches.
• Purulent wounds.
• abrasions.
• Burns of various etiologies.
• Crack in the skin with suppuration (on fingers, heels, elbows).
• Trophic ulcers.
• Ulcers.
• erosion.
• Chronic dermatoses.

Antibiotic ointments may contain wound healing substances that speed up the process of tissue regeneration. It is better to use the medicine for medical purposes, especially if the wounds are deep and there is a risk of suppuration.

Pharmacodynamics

About how effective this or that medication is, you can find out by its pharmacodynamics. Consider the mechanism of action of antibiotic ointments for wounds from different pharmacological groups: tetracyclines and chloramphenicol.

• Tetracycline ointment

The bacteriostatic effect of the drug is based on the violation of complex formation between the ribosome of the infectious cell and the transfer RNA, which leads to inhibition of protein synthesis. It shows a pronounced activity in infectious lesions of the epidermis caused by gram-positive, gram-negative microorganisms. It does not show pharmacological activity against most strains of Bacteroides spp., group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, fungi and viruses due to the established resistance of these pathogens to the active ingredients of the drug.

• Levomekol

A combined remedy with an antibiotic - chloramphenicol and an immunostimulating substance - methyluracil. Active against many bacteria, chlamydia, rickettsia and spirochetes. Its bacteriostatic effect is caused by the inhibition of protein biosynthesis in the bacterial cell.

Effective against gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, gram-negative microorganisms. The peculiarity of this medication is that the development of resistance of harmful microorganisms to its action occurs slowly. Affects tissue regeneration, has anti-inflammatory properties.

Pharmacokinetics

The therapeutic properties of topical preparations depend not only on their active composition, but also on pharmacokinetics. Most ointments, after being applied to the skin, are quickly absorbed and produce a healing effect.

As a rule, drugs do not have systemic absorption, therefore they do not penetrate into the bloodstream, exerting a local effect. Prolonged use may cause the resistance of harmful microorganisms. In this case, it is necessary to change the drug.

Using antibiotic ointments for wounds during pregnancy

No one is immune from damage to the skin. If this happens in expectant mothers and there is a risk of infection, then it is necessary to choose the most effective and at the same time safe drug.

The use of antibiotic ointments for wounds during pregnancy is possible only for medical purposes. This is due to the fact that most drugs do not have reliable information about the safety of their use in this period. Some drugs of combined action can penetrate into the systemic circulation, having a negative effect on the development of the child's body. Most often, women are prescribed Tetracycline ointment and Levomekol.

Contraindications for use

Not all antibacterial ointments for wounds can be used on their own. A quick and lasting therapeutic effect is possible if the patient seeks medical help and receives recommendations or an appointment. Otherwise, the medicine can cause serious complications and worsen the condition. This is due to the fact that any pharmacological agent has contraindications for use.

Antibiotic ointments should not be used in case of hypersensitivity to active ingredients. Some are contraindicated for pregnant women, breastfeeding, pediatric patients and those with a history of allergic reactions. A number of wound healing drugs are not used on skin with a chronic infection.

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Side effects of antibiotic ointments for wounds

Prolonged use or non-compliance with medical recommendations for the use of the drug may provoke unwanted symptoms. Side effects of antibiotic ointments for wounds are manifested in the form of allergic reactions at the site of application:

• Burning
• Hyperemia
• Irritation
• Increased sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation (photosensitivity)
• contact dermatitis
• Intoxication

To eliminate these symptoms, it is necessary to reduce the frequency of applying the product to the skin or stop treatment altogether. In this case, be sure to seek medical help.

Names of antibiotic ointments for wounds

Various skin lesions are a problem known to everyone. Today, there are many drugs for the treatment of wounds and abrasions. To prevent infection and accelerate healing, it is recommended to use ointments with antibiotics. The choice of the drug depends on the level of damage: wounds on the skin, lesions of the subcutaneous tissue, deep damage (superficial fascia, muscles, fascial structures).

The doctor must prescribe the medicine. Since its effectiveness depends on the etiology of the wound infection. Most often they encounter such pathogens: staphylococci, non-fermentative gram-negative bacteria, hemolytic and non-hemolytic streptococci, obligate non-spore-forming anaerobic microorganisms and others.

Consider the popular names of antibiotic ointments for wounds, their classification and instructions for use:

Aminoglycosides

1. Baneocin

Combined antimicrobial agent for external use. It contains antibiotics (neomycin sulfate, bacitracin) with synergistic properties that destroy bacteria. It is active against most gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, fusobacteria and actinomycetes.

Prevents the development of hypersensitivity to the drug and gives a therapeutic effect from the first days of use.

• Indications for use: treatment and prevention of skin lesions and diseases, superficial wounds, burns, bacterial infections, secondary infections. Effective in the postoperative period, in otolaryngology and in pediatric practice with diaper dermatitis.
• Before applying to the skin, it is advisable to check the sensitivity reaction. The agent is applied both to the affected area of ​​the skin and under the bandage, since it increases its effectiveness, in a thin layer 2-3 times a day.
• Baneocin is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to active ingredients, severe damage to the dermis, impaired renal excretory function (at risk of systemic absorption). With special care appoint during pregnancy and allergic reactions in the anamnesis.
• Side effects occur in rare cases. Patients experience redness and dryness of the skin, rashes and itching at the application site. Adverse allergic reactions proceed according to the type of neuro-allergic inflammation. High doses cause absorption and systemic adverse reactions. Most often this is the development of superinfection.

1. Gentamycin sulfate

A drug with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial action, inhibits the growth of many gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.

After application to the skin, it is quickly absorbed and has a wound-healing effect.

• Used for skin lesions of varying severity and etiology. Helps with surgical infections, purulent wounds, infections, dermatitis, trophic ulcers, burns. The agent is applied to the affected areas 2-3 times a day, the course of treatment is 7-14 days.
• Contraindicated in case of intolerance to active substances. Side effects are rare and manifest as skin allergic reactions.

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Levomycetins

1. Fuleville

Suitable for the treatment of wounds of varying severity, inflammatory skin lesions, bedsores, I-II degree burns and rectal fissures. The agent is applied in a thin layer on a sterile napkin and applied to a pre-treated wound. Bandages are changed every 24 hours. The duration of treatment is 7-21 days. Fulevil is not recommended for use in case of hypersensitivity to chloramphenicol. May cause transient burning and flushing.

1. Levomekol

A combined remedy with an immunostimulating substance - methyluracil and an antibiotic - chloramphenicol. The ointment is effective against most bacteria, spirochetes, rickettsia, chlamydia, gram-positive and gram-negative, anaerobic and aerobic microorganisms.

The bacteriostatic effect is based on the inhibition of protein biosynthesis in the bacterial cell. If there is pus in the wound, then this does not reduce the antimicrobial effect of the antibiotic. Accelerates the regeneration process, has dehydrating properties.

• The medicine is effective for purulent wounds, burns, purulent-inflammatory dermatological diseases, trophic ulcers, boils. The drug is applied to sterile wipes and applied to wounds or injected directly into purulent cavities with a syringe.
• It is forbidden to use with intolerance to the active components, during pregnancy, breastfeeding. It can cause allergic skin reactions that do not require treatment, as they pass on their own.

Lincosamides

1. Lincomycin ointment

Antibiotic with active substance - lincomycin. It has an antimicrobial effect. It is used for purulent wounds and pustular diseases of the skin / soft tissues. Before applying it, it is necessary to clean the wound from pus and necrotic contents. The product is applied in a thin layer to the skin 1-2 times a day.

It is contraindicated to use in diseases of the kidneys and liver, with extreme caution in patients with a history of allergic reactions. Prolonged use may cause adverse reactions: skin rash, itching, hyperemia. To eliminate them, you must stop treatment and seek medical help.

macrolides

1. Erythromycin ointment

An effective remedy for the treatment of infected wounds, pustular lesions of the skin and soft tissues, bedsores, infections of the mucous membranes, burns II and III degree, slowly healing skin defects. Use 2-3 times a day, applying both to the wound and under the bandage.

The duration of treatment is from 2-3 weeks to 4 months. Side effects are rare and manifest as mild irritation.

Tetracyclines

1. Tetracycline ointment 3%

Antibiotic for external use, active against many pathogens. Inhibits the growth and reproduction of bacterial cells.

It shows a pronounced pharmacological activity in infectious lesions of the epidermis caused by gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.

• Indications for use: infectious and inflammatory lesions of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, deep and long healing wounds, eczema, folliculitis, furunculosis, acne, infections with productive purulent exudation.
• The drug is applied in a thin layer to the affected areas, capturing part of healthy tissues. Applications are made 1-2 times a day or a bandage is applied for 12-24 hours. The course of therapy depends on the severity of the wound and can last from 1-2 days to 2-3 weeks.
• Side effects are manifested as skin allergic reactions: itching, burning, hyperemia. Not used in case of hypersensitivity to active ingredients. With extreme caution prescribed for the treatment of wounds in patients of childhood and for pregnant women

Antibiotics of other groups

1. Bactroban

An antimicrobial agent with the active substance is mupirocin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic. It inhibits the synthesis of bacterial cells, has a bacteriostatic effect, and increased dosages - bactericidal.

The drug is active against Streptococus spp., Staphyloccocus aureus, Staphyloccocus epidermidis and other harmful microorganisms.

• Bactroban is prescribed as a topical therapy for patients with bacterial infections of the soft tissues and skin. With secondarily infected wounds, furunculosis, folliculitis and other dermatological pathologies.
• Since the agent is indicated for topical use, systemic absorption is negligible. When applying the ointment to pressure bandages, the therapeutic effect increases, as the penetration of the active ingredient into the tissues increases. The medicine is applied in a thin layer to the skin up to 3 times a day. The recommended duration of treatment is 7-10 days.
• The drug is well tolerated by patients. In some cases, there are undesirable effects in the form of itching, burning, urticaria, dry skin, eczema, hyperemia, erythema. Nausea, allergic reactions and headaches are possible.
• Do not use in case of hypersensitivity to the components, for the treatment of children under 2 years of age. In case of accidental ingestion of the drug, it is necessary to wash the stomach, take enterosorbents and seek medical help.

1. Heliomycin

Antibiotic with vasoconstrictive action. Active against gram-positive microorganisms and viruses, low toxicity. It is used for extensive wounds, purulent inflammation of the skin, infected eczema. Suitable for the treatment of adults and infants.

Before use, it is recommended to determine the sensitivity to active substances. Apply a thin layer to the affected areas 1-2 times a day for 5-7 days. The agent is applied both on the wound surface and under the bandages.

1. Tyrozur

Antimicrobial topical agent. Antibacterial activity is based on cyclic and linear polypeptides that form endotoxin. The active substance is tyrothricin. The drug is effective against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, pathogens of gonorrhea, yeast fungi, Trichomonas.

Tyrothricin destroys bacterial walls, changing the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane, inhibiting cell division and growth.

• Effectively relieves pain, does not form a greasy film on the skin, reduces the amount of pus and exudate discharged from the wound. Due to this, its purification from fibrin improves and regeneration processes are enhanced.
• Indications for use: wounds, infectious and inflammatory lesions of soft tissues and skin caused by microbes sensitive to the active substance. Helps with erosions, ulcers, burns, purulent inflammation, infected eczema.
• The ointment is used externally, applying a thin layer to the changed areas of the skin 2-3 times a day, can be applied under a bandage. It is well tolerated, in rare cases there are local allergic reactions (slight burning, redness), which pass on their own. It is contraindicated to use in case of hypersensitivity to the components, during pregnancy and lactation.

1. Fusiderm

Antibacterial drug with the active substance - fusidic acid. Active against corynobacteria, bacterioids, strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, meningococci and other infectious agents.

It has a pronounced anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antipyretic and anti-exudative effect. After application to the skin, it quickly penetrates into the deep layers of the dermis, systemic absorption is minimal.

• Assign for wound and infectious changes in the skin. Effective in primary and secondary pathological processes, folliculitis, dermatitis, acne, impetigo, burns. Apply a thin layer at intervals of 8-12 hours. The duration of treatment is 7-10 days. Can be used under occlusive dressings.
• It is contraindicated for use in case of intolerance to fusidic acid, infectious skin changes caused by microorganisms that are not sensitive to the drug. Not used during pregnancy and lactation.
• Side effects are manifested in the form of burning, itching, tingling and erythema at the site of application. Allergic changes such as eczema, dermatitis, the development of atrophic changes in the skin are possible.

Antibiotic ointment for wound healing

Human skin very often exposes to all sorts of injuries, leaving wounds, scratches, cuts and other defects. In some cases, drugs have to be used to treat them. Antibiotic ointment for wound healing accelerates regeneration and prevents the development of infectious processes. In most cases, such drugs have a combined composition, therefore, they have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and analgesic effects.

The drug is chosen based on the severity of the damage. Good antimicrobial and healing properties have such drugs:

1. Nitacid

Local remedy with pronounced antimicrobial properties. It contains the antibacterial substance nitazol and sulfanilamide. The components are active against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, multi-resistant strains. It has an anti-inflammatory, drying and cleansing effect, absorbs purulent-necrotic masses. Penetrates into the deep layers of the dermis, reducing the risk of secondary infection.

• Indications for use: treatment of infected wounds of any severity, pyoinflammatory diseases of soft tissues and skin. The remedy is effective for deep burns II-IV degree. Before applying to the skin, it is recommended to treat the wound surface with hydrogen peroxide. It can be applied both on the wound and under the bandage 1-2 times a day. The duration of treatment depends on the results achieved in the first days of therapy.
• Side effects occur with intolerance to active substances. Most often, patients experience allergic reactions: urticaria, contact dermatitis, hyperemia, itching, Quincke's edema. To eliminate them, symptomatic therapy is used.
• Prolonged use of Nitacid may cause overdose symptoms. Similar reactions occur when the drug is used on large areas with a violation of their integrity. Due to systemic absorption, itching, burning and signs of intoxication appear.

1. Rescuer

Combined drug with synergistic properties. It has a regenerating, softening, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effect. Stops the inflammatory process, has a strong antibacterial effect.

Stimulates the cleansing of the wound surface and the natural restoration of the damaged dermis. The clinical effect appears a couple of hours after use.

• Indications for use: treatment of superficial and deep wounds, abrasions, hematomas, cracks, damage to the subcutaneous tissue, burns, diaper rash, dermatitis of various origins, inflammation of the mucous membranes and skin, secondary infections.
• Before applying the Rescuer to the wound, it must be washed and dried. A small amount of the product is evenly distributed on the skin and covered with a bandage to enhance its effect. Periodically, the wound must be opened for oxygen access. Bandages are changed 1-2 times a day.
• It is contraindicated to use with individual intolerance to the active ingredients. Adverse reactions are manifested in the form of burning, itching, redness, swelling at the site of application. In addition, an exacerbation of the inflammatory process is possible when applied to chronic lesions with impaired trophism.

1. Actovegin

A drug to accelerate tissue regeneration and improve trophism.

The active substance is deproteinized hemoderivative from the blood of calves. The antihypoxant accelerates the metabolism of oxygen and glucose, which increases energy metabolism and speeds up the healing process.

• Assign for wounds and inflammatory diseases of the skin, mucous membranes. Helps with burns (chemical, thermal, solar), abrasions, cracks and scratches. It can be used for bedsores, skin lesions with radiation, as well as weeping ulcers.
• The duration of treatment is 10-12 days, the agent is applied to the skin 2 or more times a day. You can use bandages and gauze pads. Long-term therapy or the use of high doses provokes side effects - allergic skin reactions.

All of the above antibiotic ointments for wound healing are dispensed without a medical prescription. But before buying such a remedy, you need to understand that home treatment is possible with small wounds, scratches, abrasions, cuts or minor burns. Larger injuries require medical attention.

The rate of healing depends on the regenerative characteristics of the patient's body. Some diseases can provoke a long healing time. For example, with high blood sugar or impaired metabolism, treatment will be long. That is why drugs should be selected by a doctor, individually for each patient.

Ointments with antibiotics for purulent wounds

A purulent wound is a damage to the skin and soft tissues that are involved in the infectious process with the development of pathogenic microorganisms. Bacteria provoke the discharge of purulent masses, necrosis, swelling, pain and intoxication of the body. Such a pathological condition can be a complication of an infected wound or a breakthrough of an internal abscess. The risk of its development increases significantly with somatic diseases (diabetes mellitus) and in the warm season.

The purulent process develops due to infection of the wound with streptococci, staphylococci, Escherichia coli or any other bacteria. Microbes enter the wound from dirty hands, earth, which indicates a primary infection. If there were non-compliance with the dressing rules, then harmful microorganisms can enter the body, causing foci of suppuration - secondary infection.

If purulent wounds are detected on any part of the body, treatment should be started immediately. Inadequate or late therapy can cause serious complications (sepsis, periostitis, osteomyelitis) or the development of a chronic process. Treatment should be comprehensive and consist of the following steps:

• Removal of necrotic tissue and pus
• Relief of the inflammatory process and swelling
• Removal of pathogenic microflora
• Stimulation of regeneration
• Detoxification and immunocorrective measures

The beginning of the purulent process is characterized by the release of exudate from the wound. This liquid contains cellular elements and bacteria. Treatment is based on constant washing, drainage and the use of antibacterial drugs that accelerate the regeneration of the skin.

Antibiotic ointment for purulent wounds stops the reproduction of bacteria, stops the inflammatory process, removes exudate, and restores damaged tissues. There are drugs of local and systemic action, they are selected depending on the severity of the lesion. Since at the beginning of treatment the causative agent of the infection is not known, broad-spectrum drugs are used: penicillins, tetracyclines, cephalosporins.

Dosage and administration

Since the ointment is a topical product, this indicates that it must be applied to damaged areas of the skin. The method of application and dose depend on the severity and stage of the wound process. As a rule, the medicine is used 1-3 times a day.

The medication is applied in a thin layer to damaged skin, soaked with gauze napkins, laid in deep wounds, or applied under a bandage. The duration of therapy is determined by the attending physician and depends on the individual regenerative characteristics of the body. On average, the medicine is used for 7-20 days, with deep and complex wounds 4-6 months.

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Interactions with other drugs

For effective treatment of wounds, complex therapy is indicated. This involves the simultaneous use of several medications. Interactions with other drugs are prescribed by a doctor. Focusing on the stage of wound injury and the nature of the pathological process, the doctor selects drugs that are different in form of release and action. This will avoid side effects and overdose symptoms.

Very often, antibacterial ointments are combined with oral antibiotics, immunostimulants and vitamins. If there is pus in the wound, then special ointments are used to draw it out, most often plant-based. To speed up tissue repair, wound healing drugs are prescribed. The main condition for interaction with other drugs is the observance of the time interval and the absence of contraindications.

Best before date

Antibiotic ointment for wounds, like any other medication, has an expiration date. As a rule, antibacterial drugs are approved for use within 24-36 months from the date of manufacture. At the end of this period, the tube with the medicine must be disposed of. The use of expired drugs on wound sites can provoke complications and cause pathological symptoms requiring medical attention.

Effective antibiotic ointments for purulent wounds

1. Levosin

Antibacterial, local anesthetic. Active ingredients - chloramphenicol, methyluracil, sulfadimethoxine, trimecaine. The combined composition has an antimicrobial, analgesic, regenerative, necrolytic and anti-inflammatory effect. It is active against anaerobes, gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.

After application to the skin, it quickly penetrates into tissues, transporting active ingredients. Thanks to its hydration properties, it eliminates perifocal edema within 2-3 days, cleanses the wound, accelerates its healing and stimulates cellular protective factors. Does not accumulate and does not have a local irritating effect.

• Indications for use: purulent wounds with infected mixed microflora, burns, ulcers that are difficult to heal. It is not used in case of intolerance to the active components, during pregnancy. Side effects are manifested in the form of skin allergic reactions.
• The drug is applied to sterile gauze flaps, and the wound is filled with them. The drug can be injected into purulent cavities using a catheter, syringe, or drainage tube. If the wounds are not deep, then the ointment is applied in a thin layer to the damaged areas and covered with a bandage. Dressings should be done daily, until the wound is completely cleansed of pus.

1. Levosin

Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic properties. Active ingredients: sulfadimethoxine, methyluracil, polyethylene oxide and trimecaine. It is prescribed for the treatment of purulent wounds in the first phase of the wound process. It is contraindicated to use with individual intolerance to active substances.

Before applying the drug to the skin, it is recommended to determine the sensitivity of the microflora to it that caused the pathological process. The agent is applied directly to the skin and under the bandages, gauze wipes are impregnated and the wound is filled with them. Dressings are done daily until the wound is completely cleansed.

1. Dioxin (Dioxidin)

Antibacterial pharmacological agent, a derivative of quinoxaline. It has a wide spectrum of activity, is active against many harmful microorganisms.

It does not have a local irritant effect, but can cause drug resistance in bacteria.

• Indications for use: wounds with deep purulent cavities, pustular skin diseases, wound and burn infections of various localization and complexity, long-term non-healing wounds and trophic ulcers.
• The medicine is applied in a thin layer on the skin cleansed of purulent-necrotic masses, you can use napkins with ointment or dressings. Deep wounds are packed. The duration of therapy is 14-20 days. It is not prescribed for the treatment of pregnant women and newborns.
• It is contraindicated to use in case of hypersensitivity to active substances. Adverse reactions are manifested in the form of skin irritations and allergies.

For the treatment of suppuration, multicomponent ointments are widely used. Such drugs have an anti-inflammatory effect, improve local blood circulation and stimulate the restoration of the skin: Oxycyclozol, Oxysone, Vishnevsky balsamic liniment, Mafenit acetate, Levomethoxin. Particularly noteworthy are topical preparations for drawing out pus: Ichthyol, Synthomycin, Streptocid ointment, Levomekol.

Antiseptics (antiseptics)

Antiseptics (from the Greek "against decay") are called antimicrobial agents that retard the development of microorganisms, and disinfectants are substances that kill microbes. Accordingly, a bacteriostatic effect is distinguished, when the development of microorganisms stops, and a bactericidal effect, when microorganisms die completely.

It is easy to see that there is no fundamental difference between antiseptic and disinfecting substances, as well as bacteriostatic and bactericidal action, since any antimicrobial agent, depending on the conditions of its use, in some cases can cause a delay in the development of microorganisms, and in others - its death. A large number of different antiseptics can be systematized in many ways. According to the methods of application, there are agents for antiseptic effects on the skin, mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory, urinary tract, etc.

By chemical structure antiseptics are classified according to the classes of chemical compounds to which they belong, which reflects the mechanism of their action. This is a group of halides (antiformin, iodoform, iodinol), oxidizing agents (hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate), acids (salicylic, benzoic, boric), alkalis (ammonia), aldehydes (formalin, lysoform), alcohols (ethyl), salts of heavy metals (preparations of mercury, silver, copper, zinc, lead), phenols (carbolic acid, lysol, resorcinol), dyes (methylene blue, brilliant green), soaps (green), tar, resins, petroleum products (ASD, ichthyol, oil naftalan, ozokerite), volatile and other herbal antibacterial drugs (urzalin, calendula tincture, imanin).

Antiseptics. Halogen group:

Chloramine b. White or slightly yellowish powder with a slight smell of chlorine. Let's dissolve in water, alcohol, contains 25-29% of active chlorine. Has an antiseptic effect. It is used in the treatment of infected wounds (washing, wetting tampons and napkins with 1-2% solutions), disinfection of hands (0.25-0.5%), and disinfection of non-metallic instruments. For disinfection of care items and secretions for typhoid, paratyphoid, cholera and other infections of the intestinal group and for drip infections (scarlet fever, diphtheria, influenza, etc.), 1-2-3% solutions are used, for tuberculosis infection - 5%.

pantocide, release form - tablets, each contains 3 mg of active chlorine. Used as an antiseptic for hand disinfection (1-1.5% solutions), douching and wound treatment (0.10.5%), for water disinfection (1-2 tablets per 0.5-0.75 l of water), which takes place within 15 minutes.

Iodine- obtained from the ashes of seaweed and drilling oil waters.

There are 4 groups of iodine preparations:

inorganic iodides (potassium iodide, sodium iodide);

organic substances that split off elemental iodine (iodoform, iodinol);

Being absorbed, iodine as an antiseptic has an active effect on metabolism, especially on the function of the thyroid gland. The body's daily requirement for iodine is 200-220 mcg. Iodine is excreted from the body mainly by the kidneys, partly by the gastrointestinal tract, sweat and mammary glands.

Inside, iodine preparations are used as an expectorant (increase the secretion of mucus by the glands of the respiratory tract), with atherosclerosis, tertiary, hypothyroidism, for the prevention and treatment of endemic goiter, with chronic mercury and lead poisoning. With prolonged use of iodine preparations and hypersensitivity to them, iodism phenomena (runny nose, urticaria, salivation, lacrimation, rash) are possible.

Contraindications for taking iodine preparations inside are: pulmonary tuberculosis, nephritis, nephrosis, furunculosis, chronic pyoderma, hemorrhagic diathesis,.

Outwardly, iodine solutions are used as an antimicrobial antiseptic for treating wounds, preparing the surgical field, etc.; exerting an irritating effect, they can cause reflex changes in the activity of the body.

Alcoholic iodine solution- 5% or 10%, used externally as an antiseptic, irritant and distraction for inflammatory and other diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. As a distraction, it is used for myositis, neuralgia.

Lugol solution. Iodine in an aqueous solution of potassium iodide - composition: iodine 1 part, potassium iodide 2 parts, water 17 parts. Lugol's solution with glycerin - composition: iodine 1 part, potassium iodide 2 parts, glycerin 94 parts, water 3 parts. Used to lubricate the mucous membranes of the pharynx, larynx as an antiseptic.

Iodoform. Applied externally as an antiseptic in the form of powders, ointments for the treatment of infected wounds, ulcers.

Iodinol, is a product of the addition of iodine to polyvinyl alcohol, which slows down the release of iodine and lengthens its interaction with body tissues, while simultaneously reducing the irritating effect of iodine on them. It is used for chronic tonsillitis, purulent otitis, chronic periodontitis, purulent surgical diseases, trophic and varicose ulcers, thermal and chemical burns.

In chronic tonsillitis, tonsil lacunae are washed (4-5 washes at intervals of 2-3 days), with purulent otitis media, instillation (5-8 drops) and washing are used. In case of trophic and varicose ulcers, gauze wipes (in 3 layers) moistened with iodinol are applied to the surface of the ulcer (the skin is first washed with warm water and soap and the skin around the ulcer is smeared with zinc ointment). The dressing is performed 1-2 times a day, and the gauze lying on the surface of the ulcer is not removed, but only re-impregnated with iodinol. After 4-7 days, a local bath is prescribed, after which the treatment is continued again. For purulent and infected burns, a loose gauze bandage impregnated with the drug is applied. With fresh thermal and chemical burns of I-II degree, a gauze bandage soaked in iodinol is also applied, the inner layer is irrigated as needed. When using iodinol, phenomena of iodism can be observed.

Iodonate, an aqueous solution of a complex of a surfactant with iodine (3%). Used as an antiseptic for disinfecting the skin of the surgical field, the drug has a high bactericidal activity

Antiseptics. Oxidizers:

Hydrogen peroxide(perhydrol) - two preparations are produced, representing a solution of hydrogen peroxide in water: a solution of hydrogen peroxide 3% and a solution of hydrogen peroxide 27.5-31% (concentrated). Both preparations are clear, colorless liquids with a slight peculiar odor. In contact with organic substances and alkalis, hydrogen peroxide decomposes with the release of gaseous oxygen, which has antiseptic properties and contributes to the mechanical cleaning of tissues. It is used as an antiseptic for rinsing and washing with tonsillitis, stomatitis, otitis media, as well as when treating wounds in solutions at the rate of 1 teaspoon or 1 tablespoon of a 3% solution per glass of water.

Hydroperite- antiseptic tablets containing a complex compound of hydrogen peroxide with urea. The content of hydrogen peroxide is about 35%. Tablets are white, easily soluble in water, the weight of one is 1.5 g. They are used as an antiseptic instead of hydrogen peroxide. To obtain a solution corresponding to approximately 1% hydrogen peroxide solution, dissolve 2 tablets in 100 ml of water. One tablet corresponds to 15 ml (1 tablespoon) of 3% hydrogen peroxide solution. For gargling, dissolve one tablet in a glass of water.

Potassium permanganate(potassium permanganate, "potassium permanganate"), dark or red-violet crystals with a metallic sheen, soluble in water. It is a strong oxidizing agent, on which its antiseptic properties depend. It is used in aqueous solutions for rinsing the mouth and throat (0.020.1%), for lubricating burn and ulcer surfaces (2-5%), for washing wounds (0.1-0.5%), for douching in gynecological and urological diseases (0.02-0.1%), in the same concentration for gastric lavage in case of some poisonings as an antiseptic.

Antiseptics. Acids:

salicylic acid, white small needle-shaped crystals, odorless. Slightly soluble in cold water, soluble in hot, easily soluble in alcohol. Applied externally as an antiseptic in powders (2-5%) and 1-10% ointments, pastes, alcohol solutions for lubricating the skin (salicylic alcohol), rubbing - into the area of ​​​​inflamed joints, for rubbing the skin - with itching, seborrhea. It is produced in finished form under the name "Corn liquid" and "Corn plaster" (salicylic acid 20 parts, rosin 27 parts, paraffin 26 parts, petrolatum 27 parts), Galmanin powder containing salicylic acid, zinc oxide (10 parts) talc and starch , Lassar pastes,

Camphocin(salicylic acid, castor oil, turpentine, methyl ether, camphor, capsicum tincture) - for rubbing in rheumatism, arthritis as an antiseptic.

Boric acid, shiny, slightly oily to the touch scales, soluble in cold water and alcohol. It is used in the form of ointments and powders for antiseptic action in case of skin diseases (baby powder "Bolus"), a ready-made paste called "Bornozinc-naftalan" is produced.

Vaseline boron- contains boric acid 5 parts, vaseline 95 parts. Applied externally as an antiseptic.

Boric alcohol, contains 0.5-5 g of boric acid, ethyl alcohol 70%. Apply this antiseptic in the form of ear drops, 3-4 drops 2-3 times a day.

Pasta Teymurova- contains boric and salicylic acid, zinc oxide, formalin, lead acetate, talc, glycerin, mint oil. It is used as a disinfectant, drying and deodorizing agent for sweating, diaper rash.

Antiseptics. alkalis

sodium borate(borax, sodium borate), colorless crystalline powder. Applied externally as an antiseptic for douching, rinsing, lubrication.

Bicarmint, tablets containing sodium borate 0.4 g, sodium bicarbonate 0.4 g, sodium chloride 0.2 g, menthol 0.004 g. Used as an antiseptic externally as an antiseptic and anti-inflammatory agent for rinsing, washing, inhalation in inflammatory processes of the upper respiratory ways. Dissolve 1-2 tablets in 1/2 glass of water.

Ammonia(ammonia solution), 10% ammonia solution in water. Clear, colorless liquid with a strong ammonia odor. It is used in surgery for washing hands and for inhalation during fainting and intoxication with alcoholic beverages.

Antiseptics. Aldehydes

Formaldehyde

(formalin), a clear, colorless liquid with a peculiar pungent odor. It is used as an antiseptic as a disinfectant and deodorant for washing hands, washing the skin with excessive sweating (0.5-1%), for disinfecting instruments (0.5%), for douching (1:2000 - 1:3000). Included in the lysoform. Formidron is a liquid containing a solution of formaldehyde 10 parts, ethyl alcohol 95% 40 parts, water 50 parts, cologne 0.5 parts. Apply to wipe the skin with excessive sweating.

formaldehyde ointment, white color with a slight smell of formalin and perfume. Apply with increased sweating, rubbed into the armpits once a day, into the interdigital folds.

Lysoform, soapy formaldehyde solution. Ingredients: formalin 40 parts, potassium soap 40 parts, alcohol 20 parts. It has a disinfecting and deodorizing effect. It is used as an antiseptic for douching in gynecological practice, for hand disinfection (1-3% solutions).

Urotropin(hexamethylenetetramine), colorless, odorless crystals, easily soluble in water. Aqueous solutions are alkaline. Used mainly for infectious processes of the urinary tract (cystitis, pyelitis). The action of the antiseptic is based on the ability of the drug to decompose in an acidic environment with the formation of formaldehyde. Prescribe the drug on an empty stomach. Indications for its use are cholecystitis, cholangitis, allergic diseases of the skin, eyes (keratitis, iridocyclitis, etc.). The drug can cause irritation of the kidney parenchyma, with these signs, the drug is stopped.

Urosal, tablets containing 0.3 g of hexamethylenetetramine and phenyl salicylate.

Kalceks- tablets of white color, salty-bitter taste, easily soluble in water. Contain 0.5 g of a complex salt of hexamethylenetetramine and calcium chloride. Apply 1-2 tablets 3-4 times a day for colds as an antiseptic. Cyminal, suppresses (locally) gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, promotes epithelialization and wound healing. Applied externally in the treatment of wounds, pyoderma, trophic ulcers, burns. Assign in the form of a powder (for dusting) or 1-3% suspension, which is applied to the damaged surface, dressings after 3-4 days. With prolonged use of the drug, dermatitis, burning sensation and itching may occur.

Ethanol(wine alcohol), according to pharmacological properties, they are classified as narcotic substances. Influencing the cerebral cortex, it causes a characteristic alcoholic excitation associated with a weakening of the processes of inhibition. In medical practice, it is mainly used as an external antiseptic and irritant for rubbing, compresses, etc. Intravenously sometimes administered with gangrene and lung abscess in a sterile isotonic solution. Ethyl alcohol is widely used for the manufacture of tinctures, extracts and dosage forms for external use.

Antiseptics. Heavy metal salts

Sublimate (mercury dichloride),

heavy white powder, is a very active antiseptic and highly toxic. Great care must be taken when working with it. Do not allow the drug and its solutions to enter the oral cavity, mucous membranes and skin. Solutions can be absorbed and cause poisoning. Mercury dichloride is used in solutions (1:1000 - 2:1000) for disinfection of linen, clothing, for washing walls, patient care items, for disinfecting skin. It is also used in the treatment of skin diseases.

Mercury white ointment used as an antiseptic and anti-inflammatory in skin diseases (pyoderma, etc.).

Calomel (mercury monochloride), used externally in the form of ointments for diseases of the cornea, blennore as an antiseptic. It has a toxic effect on the body, therefore, at present, it has no value as a laxative, diuretic and choleretic, it is used only externally.

Diocide, is a good detergent and antibacterial agent. It has bactericidal activity against various bacteria and bacterial spores, as well as fungistatic activity against fungi and mold. It is used as a sterilizing agent for washing the hands of surgeons before surgery, cold sterilization of equipment (cardiopulmonary bypass), surgical instruments. Silver nitrate (lapis) - in small concentrations has an astringent and anti-inflammatory effect, in stronger solutions - cauterizes tissues, bactericidal. Applied externally for erosions, ulcers, excessive granulation, acute conjunctivitis. In chronic gastritis, it is prescribed orally as a solution or pills. For the prevention of blennorrhea, a 2% solution of silver nitrate is instilled into the eyes of newborns immediately after birth.

Collargol, colloidal silver. Used for washing purulent wounds (0.2-1%), for washing the bladder with cystitis (1-2%), purulent conjunctivitis and blenorrhea for antiseptic action.

copper sulfate(copper sulfate, copper sulphate), blue crystals, easily soluble in water. Used as an antiseptic for conjunctivitis, for washing with urethritis and vaginitis (0.25%). In case of skin burns with phosphorus, the burnt area is abundantly moistened with a 5% solution of copper sulfate. In case of poisoning with white phosphorus taken orally, 0.3-0.5 g of copper sulfate is prescribed for 1/2 cup of warm water and gastric lavage with a 0.1% solution.

Plaster lead simple, contains equal amounts of a mixture of lead oxide, pork fat and sunflower oil with the addition of water until a plastic mass is formed. It is used for purulent-inflammatory processes of the skin, boils, carbuncles as an antiseptic.

zinc oxide, used externally as an astringent and disinfectant for skin diseases as an antiseptic.

Ointment zinc, composition: zinc oxide 1 part, vaseline 9 parts.

Pasta Lassara, contains: salicylic acid 2 parts, zinc oxide and starch 25 parts each, vaseline 48 parts.

Galmanin, contains: salicylic acid 2 parts, zinc oxide 10 parts, talc and starch 44 parts each. Used for sweaty feet as an antiseptic.

Neoanuzole, candles, composition: bismuth nitrate, iodine, tannin, zinc oxide, resorcinol, methylene blue, fatty base. Used for cracks and hemorrhoids of the anus as an antiseptic.

Antiseptics. Phenols

Phenol, carbolic acid. Obtained by distillation of coal tar. Phenol is pure, the solution has a strong bactericidal effect. Used for disinfection of household and hospital items, tools, linen, secretions. To disinfect the premises, a soap-carbolic solution is used. In medical practice, phenol is used for certain skin diseases (sycosis, etc.) and inflammation of the middle ear (ear drops). Phenol has an irritating and cauterizing effect on the skin and mucous membranes, is easily absorbed through them and can be toxic in large doses (dizziness, weakness, respiratory disorders, collapse).

Lysol, are made from commercially pure cresol and green potassium soap. Used to disinfect the skin as an antiseptic.

Resorcinol, used for skin diseases (eczema, seborrhea, itching, fungal diseases) externally in the form of solutions (water and alcohol) and ointments. Benzonaphthol, an antiseptic for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Adults are prescribed as an antiseptic 0.3-0.5 g 3-4 times a day. Children under 1 year old - 0.05 g per dose, up to 2 years old - 0.1 g, 3-4 years old - 0.15 g, 5-6 years old - 0.2 g, 7 years old - 0.25 g, 8 -14 years - 0.3 g.

Antiseptics. Dyes

methylene blue, soluble in water (1:30), difficult in alcohol, the aqueous solution is blue. It is used externally as an antiseptic for burns, pyoderma, folliculitis, etc. With cystitis, urethritis, they are washed with aqueous solutions (0.02%). Solutions of methylene blue are injected into a vein in case of poisoning with cyanide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide.

brilliant green, Golden-green powder, sparingly soluble in water and alcohol. Applied as an antiseptic externally as an antiseptic in the form of a 0.1-2% alcohol or aqueous solution for pyoderma, blepharitis to lubricate the edges of the eyelids.

Antiseptic liquid Novikov, composition: tannin 1 part, brilliant green 0.2 parts, alcohol 95% 0.2 parts, castor oil 0.5 parts, collodion 20 parts. A colloidal mass that dries quickly and forms an elastic film on the skin. It is used as an antiseptic for the treatment of minor skin lesions. Do not use the liquid for extensive bleeding, infected wounds.

Rivanol(ethacridine lactate), yellow crystalline powder, bitter taste, odorless. Slightly soluble in cold water, alcohol, aqueous solutions are unstable in the light, become brown. Freshly prepared solutions should be used. They have an antimicrobial effect, mainly in infections caused by cocci, especially streptococci. The drug is slightly toxic, does not cause tissue irritation. Used as an external prophylactic and therapeutic agent in surgery, gynecology, urology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology. For the treatment of fresh and infected wounds, aqueous solutions of 0.05% are used, for washing the pleural and abdominal cavity with purulent pleurisy and peritonitis, as well as with purulent arthritis and cystitis - 0.5-0.1%. With boils, carbuncles, abscesses, 0.1-0.2% solutions are prescribed in the form of lotions, tampons. For washing the uterus in the postpartum period, use a 0.1% solution, with coccal conjunctivitis - 0.1% in the form of eye drops. In case of inflammation of the mucous membranes of the mouth, pharynx, nose, rinse with a 0.1% solution or lubricate with a 1% solution. In dermatology, ointments, powders, pastes are used as an antiseptic of various concentrations.

Ointment Konkova, composition: ethacridine 0.3 g, fish oil 33.5 g, bee honey 62 g, birch tar 3 g, distilled water 1.2 g.

Antiseptics. Tars, resins, petroleum products, vegetable balms

Birch tar- a product of processing of the outer part of the birch bark. Thick oily liquid, contains phenol, toluene, xylene, resins and other substances. Applied externally in the treatment of skin diseases in the form of 10-30% ointments, liniments. The therapeutic effect as an antiseptic occurs not only as a result of local action (improvement of blood supply to tissues, increased keratinization processes), but also in connection with reactions that occur when skin receptors are irritated. As an integral part, it is included in the ointments of Wilkinson, Vishnevsky, etc. With prolonged use of tar, skin irritation and exacerbation of the eczematous process can be observed.

Balm Vishnevsky- composition: tar 3 parts, xeroform 3 parts, castor oil 94 parts. It is used in the treatment of wounds, ulcers, bedsores, etc. It has antiseptic properties, has a weak irritating effect, and promotes the regeneration process. Wilkinson's ointment - liquid tar 15 parts, calcium carbonate (precipitated chalk) 10 parts, purified sulfur 15 parts, naftalan ointment 30 parts, green soap 30 parts, water 4 parts. Applied as an antiseptic externally as an antiseptic for scabies and fungal skin diseases.

ASD drug are obtained from animal tissues. It is similar in action to tar, but has a less dramatic effect on the skin. Used as an antiseptic in the treatment of eczema, in the first hours it can cause itching and burning.

Forest liquid, a product of heat treatment (dry distillation) of certain tree species (hazel and alder). Used as an antiseptic for eczema, neurodermatitis and other skin diseases.

Ichthyol- ammonium salt of sulfonic acids of shale oil. An almost black syrupy liquid containing 10.5% combined sulfur. It has an anti-inflammatory effect, local anesthetic and some antiseptic. It is used as an antiseptic for skin diseases, neuralgia, arthritis, etc. in the form of an ointment or water-alcohol lotions. In diseases of the pelvic organs (prostatitis, metritis, etc.), ichthyol suppositories or tampons moistened with a 10% glycerin solution of ichthyol are prescribed.

Naphthalene ointment- a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and resins - naftalan oil (70 parts) and paraffin (18 parts) with petrolatum (12 parts). Naftalan oil and its preparations, when exposed to the skin and mucous membranes, have an emollient, absorbable, disinfectant and some analgesic effect. Applied as an antiseptic externally for various skin diseases, inflammation of the joints and muscles (arthritis, myalgia, etc.), neuritis, neuralgia, radiculitis, burns, ulcers, bedsores. Assign alone or in combination with other drugs in the form of ointments, pastes, suppositories. Naftalan emulsion is also used for douching, compresses, tampons, baths.

Paraffin solid(ceresin) - a mixture of solid hydrocarbons obtained during the processing of oil and shale oil. White translucent mass, slightly greasy to the touch. Melting point 50-57bC. Used as a base for ointments. Due to the high heat capacity and low thermal conductivity, paraffin is used for heat treatment for neuralgia, neuritis, etc. Ozokerite is used for the same purpose. Assign as an antiseptic compresses soaked in melted paraffin or paraffin cakes.

Ozokerite- a black waxy mass, a fossil substance of petroleum origin. Contains ceresin, paraffin, mineral oils, resins and other substances. It is used as an antiseptic as a remedy with high heat capacity and low thermal conductivity, for the treatment of heat with neuritis, neuralgia and other diseases. Assign in the form of compresses (gauze pads impregnated with ozocerite, temperature 45-50 °C, covered with waxed paper, oilcloth, cotton wool) and cakes (molten ozocerite poured into a cuvette and cooled to a temperature of 45-50 °C). A compress or a cake is applied for 40-60 minutes. The course of treatment consists of 15-20 procedures, which are carried out daily or every other day. Ozokerite is heated in a water bath. Sterilized by heating at 100°C for 30-40 minutes.

Balm Shostakovsky(vanillin), polyvinyl butyl alcohol, is used for boils, carbuncles, trophic ulcers, purulent wounds, mastitis, burns, frostbite and inflammatory diseases. Promotes cleansing of wounds, tissue regeneration and epithelialization. It is prescribed externally as an antiseptic for wetting wipes and direct application to the wound surface and in the form of 20% solutions in oil, as well as ointments. Inside prescribed for gastric ulcer, gastritis, colitis. It has an enveloping, anti-inflammatory, as well as bacteriostatic effect (gelatin capsules). They are taken 1 time per day 5-6 hours after a meal (it is recommended to take it at 11-12 am after a light dinner at 6 pm). On the first day, take 3 capsules, then 5 capsules, the course of treatment is 16-18 days.

Cigerol, a clear oily liquid, is used as an antiseptic for the treatment of ulcers, granulating wounds, burns, etc. Moisten a sterile dressing (gauze), which is applied to the wound surface and covered with compress paper. With large wound surfaces and abundant discharge, compress paper is not applied. Bandaging is done after 1-2 days, with burns after 4-5 days.

Ointment autolova- composition: machine or autol oils 85 parts, stearin 12 parts, zinc oxide 3 parts. It is used as an antiseptic in the treatment of ulcers, wounds, burns and as a basis for other ointments.

Sulsen, contains about 55% selenium and 45% sulfur. Used as an antiseptic in the treatment of seborrhea of ​​the scalp. Sulsen soap contains 2.5% sulsen, the same amount of sulsen paste mixed with a special foaming base. Apply sulsen soap or paste after regular shampooing. Then lather wet hair with sulsen soap and rub it thoroughly into the scalp. For washing use 2-3 g of soap (one bar of soap for 8-10 procedures). The foam is left on the hair for 5-10 minutes, after which it is thoroughly washed off with warm water (not higher than 40°C) and the hair is wiped dry. Tube with Sulsen paste is designed for 6-8 procedures, one teaspoon per appointment. Sulsen preparations are used once a week (for oily seborrhea in the first 2 weeks it can be twice a week) for 1-1.5 months. In case of relapse, the course of treatment is repeated. Foam and rinse water should not get into the eyes. After the procedure, wash your hands thoroughly with warm water. Sulsen soap should be stored in tight packaging, protected from light.

Antiseptics. Phytoncidal and other herbal antibacterial drugs

Phytoncides called bactericidal, fungicidal substances contained in plants. Especially a lot of them in the juices and volatile fractions of onions, garlic, radishes, horseradish. Preparations made from them can also act as an antiseptic on the body, enhance the motor, secretory function of the gastrointestinal tract, and stimulate cardiac activity.

Tincture of garlic- is used mainly to suppress the processes of decay and fermentation in the intestines, with intestinal atony and colitis, and is prescribed as an antiseptic also for hypertension and atherosclerosis. Take orally 10-20 drops (adults) 2-3 times a day before meals.

Allylsat- alcohol (40%) extract from garlic bulbs. Assign as an antiseptic for adults 10-20 drops (in milk) 2-3 times a day. Garlic preparations are contraindicated in kidney disease, as they can cause irritation of the renal parenchyma.

Allylchen- alcohol extract from onions. Used as an antiseptic inside, 15-20 drops 3 times a day for several days with intestinal atony and diarrhea.

Urzalin- an essential oil obtained from a bear's onion. It is used as an antiseptic in the treatment of purulent wounds, ulcers, bedsores, etc. A 0.3% ointment on vaseline is applied to gauze and applied to the damaged surface. The dressing is changed every 2-3 days.

Sodium usninate- sodium salt of usnic acid isolated from lichens. It is an antibacterial agent. Assign as an antiseptic in the form of a 1% water-alcohol or 0.5% oil solution (castor oil), as well as a solution in glycerin, fir balsam. Solutions are abundantly lubricated with gauze bandages, which are applied to the affected surface of the skin. When powdering wounds with powder, 0.1-0.2 g is used per wound about 16 square cm in size.

Imanin- an antibacterial preparation obtained from St. John's wort. It also has the ability to dry the wound surface and stimulate tissue regeneration. Used as an antiseptic in the form of solutions, ointments, powders for the treatment of fresh and infected wounds, burns, ulcers, abscesses, nipple cracks, mastitis, boils, carbuncles. They are also used for acute laryngitis, sinusitis, rhinitis. The affected areas are irrigated or washed with a solution, then a wet bandage is applied, soaked in the same solution, changing daily or every other day. Apply also 5-10% ointment.

Tincture of calendula, alcohol tincture of flowers and marigold flower baskets. Used as an antiseptic for cuts, purulent wounds, burns, for rinsing with sore throat (1 teaspoon per glass of water). Inside, they are also taken as a choleretic agent (10-20 drops per reception).

Sophora japonica tincture- used as an antiseptic for purulent inflammatory processes (wounds, burns, trophic ulcers) in the form of irrigation, washing, for wet dressings.

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