With an exacerbation of gastritis, what are the symptoms. Exacerbation of chronic gastritis: symptoms and treatment regimens

Inflammatory processes in the stomach, accompanied by such unpleasant symptoms as nausea, stool disorders, pain in the epigastric region - all these are signs of gastritis, a pathology that many perceive as a minor ailment that does not require any special treatment. Meanwhile, this condition can cause more serious problems. But not everyone knows what to do with gastritis, especially.

General symptoms of gastritis

The fact is that the above symptoms can really indicate problems with the gastrointestinal tract, and not only about gastritis. Therefore, the nature of pain during exacerbation of gastritis needs to be known in more detail in order to be able to distinguish this disease from other painful conditions of the gastrointestinal tract.

Chronic gastritis, which is typical, is often asymptomatic. Rather, signs of inflammation are present, but their growth is so slow that it often goes unnoticed. Exacerbated gastritis is characterized by a rapid increase in pain, usually they become sharp and appear paroxysmal.

Secondary signs of gastritis are a state of weakness, recurrent headaches, fatigue. During an exacerbation of gastritis, symptoms of acute intoxication of the body may appear, accompanied by an increase in body temperature.

Heartburn is one of the most characteristic signs of gastritis, as is diarrhea, belching, loss of appetite. Often there is bloating, nausea, an unpleasant odor appears in the mouth area, with exacerbations of the disease - vomiting, increased salivation. The presence of blood secretions in the feces is a symptom of exacerbated gastritis.

Pain in the area of ​​the projection of the stomach in the chronic course of the disease usually appears after eating and then gradually subsides, but their duration can vary greatly, increase and subside in a sinusoid.

To know how to treat exacerbation of gastritis, it is necessary to more accurately establish the diagnosis, as well as the causes of exacerbation of inflammatory processes in the stomach. In particular, in the presence of blood clots in the vomit, it can be concluded that erosion develops into a peptic ulcer, and this is a reason for immediate hospitalization. Symptoms such as dark brown diarrhea with visible blood clots, black tarry stools may also indicate gastric bleeding.

Symptoms of acute gastritis with increased secretion of gastric juice

Exacerbation of inflammatory processes in the stomach, accompanied by an increase in the level of secretion of hydrochloric acid, is usually manifested by the appearance of pains of a pulling or stabbing character, while an increase in pain may occur after a long break between meals or, conversely, immediately after eating. For increased secretion of gastric juice, night pains are also characteristic, which can be acute or quite tolerable, most often they are of an increasing nature. Companions of pain in the epigastric region, if inflammation of the mucosa aggravated with high acidity, are belching with a clearly perceptible sour smell, loss of appetite and a sharp decrease in body mass index.

Symptoms of exacerbation of gastritis with low acidity

Sometimes inflammation of the epithelium layer of the stomach is observed against the background of a decrease in secretory activity for the production of hydrochloric acid, the main component of gastric juice. Such exacerbated gastritis is called atrophic, and it can be recognized by the smell of belching, reminiscent of a rotten egg. Diarrhea may alternate with constipation, there are painful sensations in the epigastric region of a dull nature, flatulence, the patient may feel a feeling of heaviness in the supra-umbilical region, which is perceived as stomach fullness even with a small amount of food consumed.

What to do with exacerbation of gastritis? It is advisable to consult a doctor as soon as possible, even if you are sure of the correctness of your diagnosis. If the symptoms of problems with the gastrointestinal tract are detected for the first time or the signs of the disease are mild, you can just try to sit on a diet for a while, which excludes the use of foods that irritate the stomach. But if the pain is severe, this may indicate the presence of other gastroenterological problems, so a visit to the doctor will be very useful, and often necessary. Laboratory, and if necessary, instrumental studies will clarify the diagnosis, depending on which it will be.

The treatment regimen for acute gastritis depends on what type of inflammation of the gastric mucosa is observed in the patient - with increased or decreased acidity.

Treatment of gastritis with increased secretion

Therapy for hyperacidity involves two stages: first, antibacterial drugs are prescribed for exacerbation of gastritis (antibiotics), which are taken for 7-15 days, after which they switch to taking medications from the antacid group, which have an enveloping effect on the walls of the stomach, reducing their irritation under the influence of food .

If necessary, drug therapy is supplemented with painkillers that relieve abdominal pain, as well as drugs of the sedative group (if the patient has psycho-emotional problems that also provoke irritation). And, of course, if gastritis worsens, along with taking medication, an appropriate therapeutic diet is prescribed.

Treatment of gastritis with reduced production of hydrochloric acid

Therapy of atrophic gastritis, characterized by low acidity, is aimed at ensuring the normal digestion of food in the stomach, and not at reducing the irritation caused by food entering the stomach. In this case, two main groups of drugs are prescribed: enzymatic, stimulating the production of hydrochloric acid by the glands, and having a restorative effect on the inflamed mucous membrane.

In parallel with the stimulation of the secretory activity of the stomach, analgesic therapy is used, which relieves the painful manifestations of atrophic gastritis. Drug treatment is necessarily supplemented with a diet, if necessary, the patient is prescribed a course of antibiotics to destroy the main causative agent of mucosal inflammation - Helicobacter pylori.

Patient's actions during exacerbation of gastritis

What to take with an exacerbation of gastritis, when severe abdominal pain is observed against the background of nausea and the urge to vomit? It is better not to self-medicate: it may be poisoning, inflammation of the pancreas may worsen, and other pathological conditions of a gastroenterological nature may be present. An accurate diagnosis can only be made by a doctor.

But if the pain is tolerable, you can try to alleviate your condition with a cold heating pad, which is applied to the epigastric region. Assuming the fetal position, you can thus contribute to the relaxation of the abdominal muscles.

With severe pain, painkillers and drugs that eliminate stomach cramps are usually prescribed. Therefore, if you are sure that your gastritis has worsened, the first thing to do at home is or Drotaverine. These are complex drugs that have both analgesic and antispasmodic effects.

With increased acidity, drink a tablet of Maalox or Almagel, which reduce the irritating effect of food on inflamed areas of the stomach epithelium, but systemic treatment of acute gastritis is unacceptable - the risk of complications is too high, which can significantly worsen the patient's condition. This is especially true of taking antibiotics, which many drink, regardless of the anamnesis and possible negative consequences of such an ill-conceived and adventurous treatment.

Diet for acute gastritis

It is generally better to take medicines for gastritis in the acute stage only after consulting a doctor, even in absentia. Diet is considered the only acceptable (and even recommended) treatment for gastritis at home.

It consists in refusing to use products that have an irritating effect on the gastric mucosa. This is a fairly extensive list, consisting of all categories of products, from drinks to vegetables:

All these products have a moderate stimulating effect on the secretion of gastric juice, which is not recommended for any form of gastritis. With increased acidity, you should also abandon the use of acid-containing foods - and this is most fruits.

In addition to diet and medication, how else to treat an exacerbation of gastritis of the stomach? It has been proven that frequent consumption of alcoholic beverages and smoking also have an irritating effect on the gastric mucosa, so bad habits should be abandoned at least for the duration of antigastritis therapy.

Finally, it is worth mentioning the rehabilitation procedures used after completing the course of treatment at home - this is physiotherapy exercises, which should be done without much fanaticism (heavy physical activity should be excluded) one hour before meals.

Subject to a reasonable diet and the exclusion of other provoking factors, inflammation of the mucosa should not worsen, and this should always be remembered by those who have already had to undergo treatment for acute gastritis.

Summarizing the above, we note: you should decide on your own what you can drink during exacerbation of gastritis with great care, and it is best to completely abandon treatment at home by taking a trip to the nearest clinic to undergo an examination, on the basis of which the gastroenterologist will prescribe a drug therapy regimen in combined with diet.

Exacerbation of gastritis, the symptoms of which are manifested clearly and painfully, can interfere very strongly in a person's life. During this period, people become disabled, and it is urgent to take measures to stop the attack. Chronic gastritis in the acute stage is dangerous in itself, but at the same time it has a noticeable effect on the mental state of the patient, exhausting him physically. The disease must be treated without waiting for a severe phase, but if acute symptoms nevertheless appear, treatment should include effective therapy and strictly as prescribed by the doctor.

1 Essence of pathology

At its core, gastritis can be thought of as an inflammatory process in the gastric mucosa, which, when progressing, can affect deeper stenotic tissues. The most diagnosed type of the disease is one that slowly develops for a long time with atrophic manifestations, secretory, contractile and other gastric dysfunctions.

A chronic variety of pathology can develop according to several main mechanisms: an autoimmune variety with degeneration of parietal cells that disrupts the production of an acidic component and the absorption of vitamin B12; bacterial species (type B), due to exposure to a violent inflammatory reaction; reflux is a type of gastritis associated with the injection of bile composition into the gastric cavity. Depending on the secretory abilities of the stomach, the composition of the gastric juice and the excessive production of the acidic composition () differ.

2 Etiology of the disease

Chronic gastritis progresses for quite a long time with alternating stages of exacerbation and sedation (remission), when the signs subside and the disease is almost asymptomatic. Exacerbations of chronic gastritis can be both exogenous (external influences) and endogenous (internal). Among the exogenous factors, the causes of the alimentary nature associated with the violation of the regimen and diet are highlighted. The most common violations are: overeating, especially after a period of fasting; a hearty meal before bed; eating excessively hot food or drinks; the use of poorly digested, spicy, fatty and low-quality food; alcohol abuse. Other reasons can be distinguished: smoking, stress and nervous overload, uncontrolled intake of certain medications (corticosteroids, antibiotics, sulfonamides, salicylates, etc.), food allergic reaction.

The exacerbation of chronic gastritis can be affected by various endogenous factors associated with internal pathogenic effects and reduced immunity. The following causes stand out the most: infectious lesions with obvious signs of intoxication of the body (flu, measles, pneumonia, scarlet fever); food infections (salmonella, staphylococcus, etc.); damage to internal gastric tissues as a result of burns, radiation, frostbite; autoimmune intoxication (renal or liver failure). A fairly frequent exacerbation of pathology in women during pregnancy is explained by toxicosis and hormonal disorders.

3 Manifestation of the disease

What are the symptoms of exacerbation of gastritis? With an exacerbation of chronic gastritis, the subtle course of the disease is disturbed, and the signs become obvious and painful. When the acute phase of gastritis begins, the symptoms can be divided into local and general. The main local manifestation is gastric dyspepsia and pain syndrome. The pain manifests itself in the epigastric region immediately after eating or on an empty stomach. It is aggravated by movement and standing. The nature of the pain can be different - from dull aching pain to sharp, in the form of seizures.

The main symptoms of exacerbation of gastritis are associated with gastrointestinal dyspepsia. The main manifestations include heaviness and pressure in the epigastric region after eating; belching; regurgitation; nausea; unpleasant taste in the mouth, especially in the morning; heartburn; burning in the epigastrium. The stomach reacts especially strongly to the intake of spicy, rough, fried or smoked foods. Explicit indicators: flatulence, bloating, rumbling, impaired stool.

General signs of exacerbation are associated with intoxication of the body. Quite often there is an astheno-neurotic syndrome, characterized by general weakness, irritability, increased sweating, cardiovascular manifestations in the form of arrhythmias, cardialgia, changes in blood pressure. Immediately after eating, dumping syndrome may appear, which is expressed in sudden weakness and drowsiness, pallor of the skin. During such a period, it suddenly intensifies, requiring urgent emptying of it.

4 Different occasions

Given the various secretory dysfunction, exacerbation has certain differences in its manifestation. If the disease develops with increased acidity of gastric juice, then the following characteristic symptoms occur: obligatory pain in the abdomen of a periodic or permanent nature; severe burning; belching with; nausea and vomiting; the presence of traces of blood in the feces; decreased appetite.

Signs of exacerbated gastritis with low acidity are somewhat different from the previous case. With the predominance of the atrophic nature of the lesion, the pain syndrome is not an indicative sign, and sometimes it is simply absent. The main symptoms are such manifestations: alternating constipation and diarrhea associated with poor digestibility of food; bad breath and belching with a putrid taste; a feeling of fullness and heaviness in the upper abdomen; flatulence; increased sweating, weakness, fatigue.

5 Treatment activities

Treatment of chronic gastritis at the stage of exacerbation depends on the characteristics of secretory and motor-evacuation disorders. In case of severe course during this period, it can be carried out stationary. The most important condition for treatment is to provide a therapeutic diet, and the whole principle of therapy is aimed at sparing and restoring the gastric mucosa.

Basic treatment is based on effective drug therapy. Medicines for exacerbation should be taken only under the supervision of a doctor and after establishing the type of disease. Medications are aimed at eliminating the bacterial component of the etiology, normalizing the secretory function of the stomach, improving motility, reducing the aggressiveness or increasing the acidity of gastric juice to normalize digestion, stopping the inflammatory response, symptomatic treatment, regeneration of affected tissues, and preventing relapses in the future.

6 Power optimization

Diet during exacerbation of chronic gastritis is a mandatory element of the diet, but its content depends on the type of acidity of gastric juice. On the first day of the acute phase of the pathology, it is necessary to refrain from eating altogether - therapeutic fasting is carried out. You should drink cool tea and still water. Only the next day, you can introduce jelly, one soft-boiled egg and porridge in the water of a liquid consistency into the diet.

In general, a diet is established in the form of frequent (5-6 times a day), but fractional meals. Each serving should not exceed 260-320 g. With increased acidity of the stomach, the following foods should be completely banned: pickles, marinades, preservatives, smoked meats, spicy seasonings and spices, fried foods; hard to digest foods - animal fats, pies, mushrooms. Food is given a form that facilitates its assimilation - cereals, pureed vegetables, mashed potatoes, soufflés, steam cutlets. The temperature of the food when it is taken should be comfortable for the esophagus. Carbonated drinks and alcohol are strictly excluded.

In case of insufficient secretion of hydrochloric acid, the general diet is similar: food should be consumed warm in a semi-liquid and softened state (mashed potatoes, soufflé, etc.). Pickles, smoked meats, marinades, spicy dishes, fried, fatty meat, alcohol are completely excluded. Foods that increase fermentation (whole milk, grapes, sour cream) and foods that are difficult to process (animal fats, fried potatoes, etc.) should be eliminated from the menu. To restore the body, it is recommended to replenish food with vitamins.

7 Medical therapy

What to do with gastritis in the acute phase? Basic treatment is based on drug therapy, with drugs prescribed according to the type of disease. First of all, it is recommended to take

astringent and enveloping preparations that reduce the irritating effect on the mucous membrane: bismuth nitrate, Vinylin, Plantaglucid. Pain syndrome and spasmodic phenomena are removed by prescribing atropine sulfate, Cerucal, Sulpiride, Eglonil, Dogmatil, No-shpy, Galidor. Acceleration of tissue regeneration is achieved by using such agents: nicotinic acid preparations (Nicotinamide, Nicoshpan, Complamin), Methyluracil, vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12, ascorbic acid, Solcoseryl, aloe extract.

In case of weak secretory function (low acidity), substitution therapy is used to compensate for the deficiency of gastric juice - hydrochloric acid and natural gastric juice are introduced. From the very beginning of the exacerbation phase, it is important to take universal enzymatic medicines: Abomin, Festal, Digestal, Panzinorm, Mezim-forte.

Diluted hydrochloric acid and drugs Acidin-pepsin, Betacid, Pepsidil, Salpepsin are prescribed after the main manifestations of the inflammatory reaction.

In the case when the pathology develops with high acidity, drugs should be prescribed that neutralize the aggressiveness of gastric juice and slow down secretion (antacids): magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, Almagel. Modern means are quite effective: Maalox, Maymagel, Alumag, Gastralugel, Gelfos. Complex therapy includes the use of sedatives and tranquilizers: Diazepam, Relanium, Trioxazin, Novo-Passit. Treatment of the disease caused by Helicobacter pylori is based on the destruction of these microorganisms. For this, antibiotics of the penicillin series are prescribed: Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Carindacillin, Carfecillin, Mecillinam. Antibiotics based on nitromidazole and tetracycline are also used.

Exacerbation of chronic gastritis is a dangerous and painful phenomenon that must be dealt with by effective methods. It is not recommended to remove the acute phase on your own. You should consult a doctor if signs of exacerbation appear, who will prescribe the most appropriate means, taking into account the individual characteristics of the sick person.

The gastric mucosa can become inflamed with characteristic periods of exacerbation and calm. Often there are attacks of gastritis in the autumn and spring months. The exacerbation is associated with the appearance of a large number of vegetables, fruits, which leads to the abuse of this food, a violation of the diet and an increase in the amount of fiber. This provokes a pathological condition that must be treated.

What is an exacerbation of gastritis

Among diseases of the stomach, chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane is more common than others. Pathologies of this type are in a state of calm, but at certain periods there is an exacerbation of chronic gastritis. There is a difference between sudden inflammation and worsening of an already existing disease due to specific triggers.

With the development of gastritis, erosions appear on the walls of the stomach, which cause discomfort. An exacerbation develops in a few hours, the body begins to secrete components that attract protective cells to the affected area. They must remove disease-causing substances from the stomach, which provoke the inflammatory process. Exacerbation of gastritis is not only damage to the mucous membrane of the organ, but also the reaction of the body with attempts to restore the integrity of the stomach.

The reasons

Occurs in people, as a rule, spring or autumn exacerbation of gastritis. Certain circumstances provoke it, often a painful syndrome is caused by drinking alcohol (for example, in the summer). The following factors contribute to the deterioration of the condition:

• food poisoning;
• nutritional errors;
• alcoholism;
• exposure to toxic substances;
• smoking;
• stress;
• harmful working conditions;
• development of pancreatitis, cholecystitis;
• taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, other gastrotoxic drugs;
• ignoring medical prescriptions;
• decreased immunity;
• acute infectious pathologies;
• food allergy;
• malfunction of the sphincter of Oddi.

With a previously detected chronic form of pathology, symptoms occur against the background of malnutrition. The main role in spring or autumn exacerbations is played by the wrong diet. Snacking, long gaps between meals, eating in a hurry, too hot or cold meals, not chewing enough, overeating, or eating irregularly. All these factors can provoke pain, heartburn, discomfort and other symptoms of chronic gastritis.

Spring deterioration is often diagnosed in people who are subject to regular stress. Among the frequent causes of the development of an exacerbation in the spring, the following situations will be distinguished:

• exams;
• nervous work;
• death of loved ones;
• family problems.

An exacerbation can be provoked by cytostatics, antibiotics or NSAIDs, because these medicines irritate the gastric mucosa. Alcohol and smoking cause the same reaction from the mucosa of the organ. In cigarette smoke there is a component that blocks the production of protective substances of the stomach, alcohol increases the secretion of hydrochloric acid.

Helicobacter pylori infection can be a provoking factor. These are microbes that do not die under the action of gastric juice and cause inflammation. There is an imbalance between the protective factors of the mucosa and the aggressive environment. Sometimes the contents of the duodenum can be thrown into the stomach along with bile. This is called duodenal reflux, it develops with insufficiency of the sphincter.

Symptoms

Clinical manifestations determine the level and cause of gastric acidity. As a rule, the following symptoms of exacerbation of gastritis appear:

• nausea;
• pain in the epigastric zone (burning);
• feeling of fullness in the stomach after eating;
• feeling of heaviness in the upper abdomen.

If the deterioration is caused by increased acidity, then the following manifestations are also present:

• bloating;
• sour belching;
• alternating constipation and diarrhea;
• pain;
• heartburn;
• unpleasant taste in the mouth;
• flatulence due to increased production of hydrochloric acid.

At the same time, the person has an appetite. In the phase of exacerbation of chronic inflammation, it is accompanied by air belching, rumbling in the abdomen, nausea in the morning and a decrease in appetite. This indicates the development of hypoacid gastritis. All forms of exacerbation are accompanied by a painful syndrome, which has the following symptoms:

• after taking antacids, proton pump blockers, the pain subsides;
• discomfort appears 2 hours after eating or on an empty stomach;
• appears in the epigastric region;
• the intensity is different.

If pain is localized on the right, then this indicates a lesion of the pyloric part of the organ. If the disease is accompanied by the appearance of erosion, then the occurrence of bleeding is characteristic. Patients have black, liquid stools (melena), vomiting like coffee grounds. In severe exacerbations, hemorrhagic shock develops. A characteristic feature is the occurrence of anemic syndrome. It manifests itself with the following symptoms:

• pale skin;
• general weakness;
• apathy;
• fragility of nails, hair;
• heartache;
• dyspnea;
• arterial hypotension;
• decrease in performance.

Complications

Negative consequences develop in the absence of therapy during an exacerbation of gastritis, improper self-medication, non-compliance with the recommendations of a gastroenterologist. The most dangerous complication is malignancy - the appearance of atypical cells, the condition requires surgical intervention. With frequent relapses of pathology, a person should be under the supervision of a doctor, without timely assistance, the following consequences may develop:

• achilia;
• ulcer formation;
• hypovitaminosis;
• alimentary dystrophy;
• B12-iron deficiency anemia;
• development of gastroduodenitis;
• deformation of the stomach;
• obstruction of the stomach;
• pyloric stenosis;
• hemorrhagic shock;
• bleeding.

Diagnostics

Seek medical attention as soon as the first symptoms appear. A thorough examination will answer the question of why the inflammatory process has worsened in the stomach. You will need a general diagnosis, which will allow the doctor to confirm the diagnosis, prescribe an individual treatment regimen. Assign the following studies:

• biochemical analyzes;
• general laboratory tests (blood, urine);
• histological analyses;
• fibrogastroduodenoscopy, which helps to accurately confirm the presence of a chronic disease, to determine low or high acidity.

First aid for exacerbation of gastritis

The chronic process is exacerbated suddenly, so the first actions are aimed at eliminating pain. Pain relief pills prescribed by a doctor are well suited. If an attack of exacerbation began suddenly, then you can lie on your left side, pull your knees up to your chest, try to relax. It is recommended to lie in this position for at least 30 minutes. You can speed up the process by applying cold to the stomach.

Exacerbation in chronic gastritis is also associated with the nervous system. After you have managed to stop the pain syndrome, you need to drink a little tincture of motherwort or valerian. This will help a person to relax, calm down, after which you can think and figure out what caused the deterioration in well-being. The provoking factor must be eliminated in order to avoid a recurrence of the situation.

Treatment of chronic gastritis in the acute stage

An important stage of therapy in case of deterioration of the condition is diet. Patients are allowed to use a specific list of products, for example, clinical nutrition No. 2 is possible with hypoacid gastritis, but if the acidity is high, table No. 1. Exclude from the menu the patient needs the following:

• mushrooms;
• coffee;
• fresh vegetables, fruits;
• carbonated, alcoholic drinks;
• sausages;
• smoked meats;
• mushrooms;
• seasonings;
• pickles;
• canned food;
• fatty, spicy dishes;
• spicy cheese;
• fresh pastries;
• mustard;
• hot sauces, ketchups.

Meals should be every 3-3.5 hours, should be 5-6 times a day. You can’t skip, you shouldn’t drink liquid, eat dry food. You can’t eat fresh vegetables, but you can boil them, bananas are allowed from fruits. With an exacerbation of the pathological condition, you need to follow a diet for a month. The menu is compiled so that the human body receives all the necessary nutrients, but at the same time it is gentle for the gastric mucosa.

It is forbidden to consume too cold or hot dishes, drinks. During the acute phase of gastritis, it is necessary to eat semi-liquid or pureed food. After the condition improves, the pain subsides, lean fish, meat, milk, lean cottage cheese, vegetable purees, hateful soups, cereals are added to the menu. In the treatment of exacerbation of atrophic gastritis, it must be remembered that the task is to increase the secretion of hydrochloric acid.

To achieve this, the menu should include sweet and sour fruits, rich broths, juices, and berries. Compliance with such a diet helps to increase the production of gastric juice. It is important that the prepared dishes smell fragrant, cause the patient's appetite. Diluted lemon juice is recommended. After the decline in the stage of exacerbation, the patient undergoes physiotherapy:

• phonophoresis;
• balneotherapy;
• electrophoresis.

Preparations

Medicines for exacerbation of gastritis should be selected by the attending physician on an individual basis. The phase of deterioration itself can last a long time, cause discomfort to a person. The list of medicines will depend on the form of the pathology, for example, with hyperhaline gastritis, they can prescribe:

• gastroprotectors;
• somatostatin analogues;
• antacids;
• antispasmodics;
• analgesics;
• proton pump blockers;
• analgesics;
• histamine receptor blockers;
• antibiotics.

If B12-iron deficiency anemia has developed, hormonal medications (corticosteroids) are used. With an exacerbation of the pathology, it is important to relieve spasms, pain, for this you can take Drotaverine, Papaverine, No-shpa. It is necessary to stop taking drugs of the NSAID group, because they have an irritating effect on the gastric mucosa. An important part of the treatment is the use of proton pump blockers:

• Peptazole;
• Nolpaza;
• Rabiet;
• Pariet;
• Omez;
• Sanpraz.

Drugs help to cope with pain during an exacerbation of a chronic disease. For symptomatic treatment, antacids are prescribed, medicines of this group quickly neutralize hydrochloric acid in the stomach. The following medicines are usually used:

• Phosphalugel;
• Almagel;
• Gevikson.

Together with these medicines, you will need to take gastroprotectors, for example, Venter, De-nol. Their action is based on the formation of a protective film for the gastric mucosa. If the causative agent Helivobacter is detected in the analysis, then the use of antibiotics from the group of cephalosporins, macrolides, protected penicillins, 5-niromidazole derivatives will be required.

If after eating the patient has vomiting, nausea, then it is necessary to add prokinetics to the course of treatment. Medicines of this group improve the motor function of the intestines and stomach. As a rule, Cerucal, Motilium are prescribed. With a hypoacid form of gastritis, the complete absence of hydrochloric acid, it is necessary to take Acidin-Pepsin. With an exacerbation of the atrophic type of the disease in the spring, natural gastric juice is added to the therapy regimen.

With the development against the background of erosion of the mucous anemia, the doctor prescribes iron preparations. Enzymes are used to normalize digestion. A contraindication for admission is the exacerbation phase. Medicines of this type should be drunk after the pain has been eliminated. Their enzymes, as it soared, are prescribed:

• Festal;
• Creon;
• Panzinorm.

Traditional medicine

In the acute phase of chronic pathology, a positive effect can be obtained by connecting herbal medicine. If you use the funds every day, then a tangible improvement occurs after 2 weeks. You can use the following recipes at home:

1. Multicomponent fees are well suited for high acidity. The products consist of 4-5 components, for example: bitter wormwood, Ivan tea, chamomile, mint. A decoction is prepared from this collection, which must be drunk every day for 4-5 weeks. You can drink it for prevention 4 times a year.
2. A decoction of elecampane is indicated at a low level of acidity. Prepare a herbal remedy and take before meals 3 times a day for a month.
3. With an exacerbation of the disease, garden horseradish will be a good helper. The component is finely rubbed and honey is added for taste. You need to take the drug 15 g before meals. The medicine will help increase the production of gastric juice. It is recommended to drink horseradish juice (diluted with water or pure).

Video

Improper nutrition, daily stress, smoking, alcohol - all this contributes to the development of gastritis, which can also be caused by bacteria. Inflammation of the gastric mucosa is what characterizes this disease.

All symptoms usually depend on the form in which the disease occurs.

In acute gastritis, you can often find the following:

• Pain in the abdomen: either constant or paroxysmal, worse after eating or a long break between meals.
• Nausea, heartburn, belching - often appear after eating.
• Vomiting - constantly with a sour smell, often greenish and yellowish mucus.
• Increased salivation is a common reaction of the body to indigestion.
• Dry mouth - occurs due to dehydration or after numerous bouts of vomiting.
• Constipation or diarrhea.
• As secondary signs: general weakness, headache, fever, tachycardia, dizziness.

Gastritis in the acute stage of its erosive form, in addition to the above, can also be manifested by gastric bleeding, which is manifested by pain in the abdomen every hour and a half after eating and the appearance of dark bloody clots or streaks in the vomit.

Treatment of exacerbation of gastritis

In the early stages of gastritis, a diet or a small fast (weak tea and crackers) is enough to forget about this ailment for a while. Diet during exacerbation of gastritis requires the use of antispasmodics: no-shpy, papaverine, raglan, etc.

If a person has started the disease, then drug treatment is indispensable. In the case of acute inflammation of the mucosa (for example, in the case of chemical or food poisoning), even hospitalization of the patient is necessary with a set of measures to cleanse poisons and administer painkillers and antispasmodics.

Since the symptoms of exacerbation of gastritis are very similar to the symptoms of other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, it is possible to diagnose this disease only after gastroscopy.

What to do with exacerbation of gastritis? If you are overtaken by an acute attack of gastritis, take the fetal position - this will allow you to relax the abdominal muscles as much as possible; if the discomfort does not stop, use a heating pad with cold water, placing it just below the solar plexus. The pain may be accompanied by stomach cramps and severe nausea - you can fight this with a slice of lemon or a piece of ice, but you should not swallow saliva - this will cause continued discomfort.

A few tips:

• If you have chronic gastritis, then purified (refined) oil can help you, it should be taken in the amount of 3-4 tablespoons twenty minutes before meals.
• Heartburn will help to remove the soda solution. For half a glass of warm water, half a teaspoon of soda, drink in two stages with a break of 20-25 minutes.

Nutrition for exacerbation of gastritis

Exacerbation of chronic gastritis is not easy. It should be complete and at the same time gentle. Since it is difficult for a sick stomach to cope with a large amount of food, that is, you need a little, but often.

On the first day, you should refrain from eating, it is best to drink cool tea and still water, on the second day you can drink jelly, eat liquid cereals and soft-boiled eggs. Such a diet is designed for a period of exacerbation.

If the patient has increased acid formation, then it is necessary to eat fewer foods that increase the release of hydrochloric acid, if it is lowered, then vice versa.

Products that slightly stimulate the secretion of gastric juice: vegetables in the form of mashed potatoes (potatoes, carrots, cauliflower), cereals, sugar, cottage cheese, non-carbonated mineral water, white bread (necessarily fresh) and boiled meat and fish. This set of products can be safely eaten with exacerbations of any form.

Products that strongly stimulate the secretion of gastric juice: black bread, canned food, fried meat and fish, smoked meats, marinades, coffee and alcohol. It cannot be eaten.

Try to alternate meals with water (tea) intakes, the recommended interval is approximately 1 .5 - 2 hours - this will facilitate the work of your stomach. Do not combine protein-rich foods (meat, dairy products) with carbohydrate-rich foods (flour, potatoes).
It is difficult for a sick stomach to cope with coarse fiber (wholemeal bread, apple peel, white cabbage, grapes, currants, etc.), so you should limit the intake of such food.

Carbohydrates are the fastest to leave the stomach, proteins are a little slower, and fats are the last. The longer food stays in your stomach, the more hydrochloric acid your stomach will produce. Try to eat more liquid foods.

Exacerbation of gastritis during pregnancy

In pregnant women, gastritis is very often manifested, especially women who have already been ill with this are especially susceptible to this.

In the vast majority of cases, gastritis is the result of severe toxicosis. Other causes of occurrence can be stressful situations, the use of certain medications, an unbalanced diet and strong emotional experiences. Also, gastritis is caused by viral particles or the penetration of bacteria into the body of a woman.

Treatment of exacerbation of chronic gastritis in pregnant women is very limited, as there are restrictions on the use of common medications.

As a rule, they try to treat gastritis in pregnant women with a balanced diet: meals 5-6 times a day with a strict diet. They exclude fried and fatty foods, spices, smoked meats and pickles, limit chocolate and sugar, steam cooking is welcome, as well as milk soups and cereals.

Medications - only as prescribed by a doctor, otherwise you can harm the fetus.

Gastritis, like any disease with a chronic course, has stages of exacerbation and remission. Some forms of this chronic disease are very dangerous, they can cause stomach ulcers or cancer. Exacerbation of chronic gastritis is a frequent occurrence and causes a lot of problems, therefore, when symptoms of the disease occur, treatment is prescribed to alleviate the stage of exacerbation.

Chronic gastritis in children and adults is a sluggish inflammation of the gastric mucosa and submucosa with a recurrent process. In the process of inflammation, the mucosa atrophies, transforming into connective tissue, and the glands malfunction, various parts of the stomach can be involved in this. The severity of symptoms depends on the cause of the disease and the size of the lesion. Signs of exacerbation of chronic gastritis strongly resemble a stomach ulcer.

There are several types of chronic gastritis. They are determined by localization, when various parts of the organ are exposed to inflammation:

• antral (upper, superficial, distal) - type B gastritis, characterized by increased acidity. ;
• fundal (lower);
• pangastritis (mixed type), when the antrum and fundus of the stomach are affected. In turn, this type of disease can be divided into focal and diffuse.

In addition, all parts of the organ can be affected, then we are talking about diffuse obstructive gastritis.

According to their origin, they are:

• bacterial. The cause of the occurrence is the bacterium Helicobacter pylori;
• medicinal (reactive), which occurs against the background of taking various drugs;
• autoimmune - occurs when the walls of an organ are damaged by various substances produced by the body itself;
• endogenous - manifested as a consequence of other diseases;
• reflux gastritis - occurs when the contents of the duodenum are thrown into the stomach.

According to the degree of acidity:

• with high acidity;
• with low acidity;
• with normal acidity (normacid).

According to the nature of the damage to the tissues of the organ:

• hyperplastic (the wall of the stomach grows and becomes thicker).
• atrophic - gastritis "A" type, in which the wall of the organ is reborn into another tissue and becomes thinner.

According to the degree of inflammation:

• moderate;
• expressed.

Causes and risk factors of chronic gastritis

The occurrence of a chronic type of disease can be caused by many reasons:

• Helicobacter pylori infection in the human body is the main cause;
• frequent food poisoning;
• binge eating;
• too strict or unbalanced diet;
• hypothermia (hypothermia);
• the use of low quality products;
• weak immunity;
• intestinal microorganisms.

An exacerbation of the chronic type of the disease often occurs against the background of a change in diet and alcohol consumption.

Also, the factors that contribute to the onset of the acute phase of the disease include:

• smoking;
• influence of toxic substances;
• malnutrition (eating too hot or cold foods, abuse of unhealthy types of food - fast food, fatty, fried, spicy, salty foods, long intervals between meals);
• non-compliance with doctor's prescriptions;
• the formation of cholecystitis or pancreatitis;
• food allergy;
• stressful situations;
• acute infectious diseases;
• the use of toxic drugs, antibiotics, cytostatics that irritate the mucous membrane.

Remember! Exacerbations of chronic gastritis occur more often in spring and autumn due to changes in diet.

Symptoms

Symptoms of chronic gastritis vary depending on the causes that led to its occurrence, the degree of damage to the mucosa and other factors.

Common symptoms are:

• feeling of heaviness and fullness in the abdomen (on the left in its upper part);
• sudden weight loss for no apparent reason;
• pain in the stomach area that occurs after eating;
• heartburn, belching, bitter taste in the mouth;
• alternating constipation and diarrhea;
• the presence of blood in the stool;
• nausea, sometimes vomiting;
• irritability, weakness, fatigue.

Also, pain in the region of the heart can sometimes be observed, blood pressure may decrease.

In chronic gastritis with different levels of acidity, the following symptoms may be present:

How does the exacerbation phase proceed, and what are its symptoms

An exacerbation of the chronic type of the disease is characterized by an increase in the main symptoms, and pain with such signs:

• occurs on an empty stomach or several hours after a meal;
• its intensity decreases after the use of antacids, proton pump blockers;
• there are different intensities;
• felt in the epigastric region.

When pain is felt on the right, this indicates a lesion of the pyloric region. With exacerbation of gastritis with erosions, bleeding may occur, loose stools of almost black color and vomiting like coffee grounds are possible.

In severe cases, shock may develop. For the period of exacerbation, the development of an anemic syndrome is typical, manifested by pallor of the skin, apathy, shortness of breath, pain in the heart, dryness and brittleness of hair and nails, decreased performance and arterial hypotension.

If the disease is often exacerbated, it leads to indigestion and hypovitaminosis. With an autoimmune etiology of the disease, neurological syndromes can occur: darkening in the eyes, numbness of the extremities, tinnitus, dizziness, changeable mood. When viewed in the acute stage, plaque on the tongue is often observed.

The danger of exacerbation

Patients with frequent exacerbations (active phase) should be under the supervision of a gastroenterologist.

AT pronounced highly active gastritis is dangerous because, without adequate treatment, complications such as:

• ulcer;
• achilia;
• hypovitaminosis;
• gastroduodenitis;
• alimentary dystrophy;
• bleeding;
• B12-iron deficiency anemia;
• pyloric stenosis;
• hemorrhagic shock;
• obstruction or deformity of the stomach.

The initial stage of the development of the disease, when the symptoms of gastritis are mild and inactive, is not always clearly recognized, but treatment at this stage is more successful than in advanced stages, in a precancerous condition.

Remember! The most dangerous complication is malignancy - a condition when atypical cells appear. This situation requires surgical intervention.

Diagnostics

Some symptoms of the disease are similar to those of ulcers, pancreatitis, enteritis, or food poisoning. Therefore, differential diagnosis is carried out with gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, esophagitis, diaphragmatic hernia, tumors.

Diagnosis of chronic gastritis is carried out using the following instrumental and laboratory methods:

• analysis for the presence of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori;
• general and biochemical blood test;
• analysis of fecal masses for occult blood;
• linked immunosorbent assay;
• endoscopic examination;
• polymerase chain reaction;
• manometry;
• FGDS and biopsy for histology;
• radiography with contrast.

How to treat the disease during an exacerbation

Drug treatment consists of taking a complex of drugs that are selected by the attending physician, based on the form of the disease and acidity. In the hyperacid form, the following are prescribed:

• proton pump and histamine receptor blockers;
• somatostatin analogues;
• antacids;
• antispasmodics and analgesics;
• gastroprotectors;
• antibiotics.

If B12-iron deficiency anemia occurs, hormones (corticosteroids) may be prescribed.

First aid for exacerbation of the disease

To relieve pain and spasms, drugs in tablets are used: No-shpa, Papaverin, Drotaverin. Of great importance in the treatment is the use of proton pump blockers: Sanpraz, Pariet, Omez, Nolpaza and others. They contribute to the removal of pain during exacerbation. Medicines are used - antacids that quickly neutralize hydrochloric acid: Gaviscon, Almagel, Phosphalugel, Maalox. Together with them, gastroprotectors are prescribed - "De-Nol" and others, they create a protective film on the mucosa.

In the presence of Helicobacter pylori bacteria in the body, antibiotics from the group of macrolides, cephalosporins, and protected penicillins are used.

To improve the motor function of the stomach and intestines, the prokinetic "Motilium" is prescribed.

With hypoacid gastritis and the absolute absence of hydrochloric acid, Acidin-Pepsin is used.

If there is an exacerbation of atrophic gastritis, then the treatment involves the use of natural gastric juice.

If anemia occurs against the background of mucosal erosions, iron preparations are prescribed. To stabilize digestion, the enzymes Panzinorm, Creon, Festal are prescribed, but they are contraindicated in the acute stage. They should be taken after the removal of the pain syndrome.

Diet during exacerbation

With an exacerbation of the disease, an important component of the treatment regimen is a diet that can be followed at home. Patients are advised to exclude from the diet:

• alcoholic and carbonated drinks;
• coffee;
• spicy, fatty, smoked foods;
• mushrooms;
• fresh fruits and vegetables;
• canned food, pickles;
• fresh pastries;
• spicy ketchups, mustard, sauces, seasonings.

It is recommended to eat food 5-6 times a day in small portions. It is not recommended to eat dry food. Vegetables are allowed to be eaten boiled, bananas are allowed from fruits. All food should be at room temperature, pureed or semi-liquid. The diet should be observed during the exacerbation of the disease for a month, after the exacerbation subsides, lean meat, fish, milk, and cottage cheese can be introduced into the diet.

With exacerbation of atrophic gastritis, attention should be paid to an increase in the secretion of hydrochloric acid, for this it is necessary to introduce sweet and sour fruits and berries into the diet.

With different types of illness, the diet is somewhat different and lasts for different times:

1. with gastritis with normal or increased secretion of gastric juice, diet No. 1a (up to a week) is prescribed, after - diet No. 16 (up to 2 weeks), and for 3 months - diet No. 1. With these diets, food is given to the patient in pureed or liquid form, vitamins (ascorbic acid, riboflavin) are taken. Alcohol, coffee, strong tea, spicy and fatty foods, canned food, legumes (beans, peas) are prohibited.
2. with insufficient gastric secretion, diet No. 2 is prescribed. Nutrition - fractional, food - well chopped and boiled, and the use of vegetable and meat broths, meat and fish of low-fat varieties, juices, coffee, tea stimulates the secretory function in case of its insufficiency. Foods rich in vegetable fiber are excluded from the diet: dough products, grapes, radishes, dates, spicy, smoked, very salty dishes, mushrooms, carbonated drinks, pickled vegetables, cold drinks. Do not recommend whole milk, cream, cereals from buckwheat and pearl barley, legumes.

In remission, the diet becomes less strict. Also in the stage of remission, physiotherapy is carried out: phonophoresis, balneotherapy, electrophoresis. Recommended spa treatment.

Prevention of exacerbations of gastritis

To prevent exacerbations of gastritis, the following recommendations should be observed:

• do not drink alcohol, do not smoke;
• do not drink carbonated drinks;
• take medicines prescribed by a doctor;
• eat fractionally, chew food thoroughly, dishes should be warm, eat cereals and soups daily;
• avoid contact with various chemicals;
• timely treat infectious diseases;
• try to avoid stressful situations;
• do sport.

During the period of remission with increased or normal gastric secretion, you can drink mineral water "Borjomi", "Slavyanovskaya", "Moskovskaya".