Colors of boxers. Proper care of a boxer dog. Characteristic behavior of a boxer

The German Boxer is an energetic, muscular, agile dog. Tireless and loyal friend of the family, never loses playfulness.

German boxer: everything about the breed or almost everything in a detailed review below.

The ancestors of modern boxers were the Bullenbeisers of Brabant, pickling dogs that hunted large animals. "Bullenbeiser" means "bull-biter".

The bullhounds were distinguished by a powerful tick-like jaw (the upper part is shorter than the lower one). Thanks to this, the dogs breathed easily, glaring at their prey.

Unfortunately, this breed is extinct. However, a stuffed animal was preserved in the Kunstkamera of St. Petersburg.

Attention! Bullenbeiser can be seen next to Princess Golitsyna in the 1825 portrait by A.P. Bryullov.

With the advent of firearms, there was a ban on baiting animals. Bullenbeisers were used by butchers and cattle dealers. To protect the herd, the bullhound was crossed with. The result is a boxer.

There are several versions of the origin of the name of the breed:

• the muzzle of the dog resembles the face of a boxer beaten in battle;
• the head looks like a boxing glove;
• they love to fight with their front paws.

Anyway, the name speaks for itself. Dogs are mobile, active, like a boxer in the ring.

Boxer dog: description of the breed

FCI standard No. 144 of 04/01/2008 "Boxer" (English), "Deutscher Boxer" (German).
Group 2 "Pinchers and Schnauzers, Molossians, Mountain and Swiss Cattle Dogs".
Section 2 "Molossians".

exterior standard

It is a medium sized compact dog with strong bones. Males grow at the withers up to 57-63 cm, weigh about 30 kg. Bitches - 53-59 cm and 25 kg.

How long does a German boxer live? Life expectancy with proper care reaches 15 years, on average this period is 12 years.

They have well-developed, relief muscles. The German Boxer breed description includes optimal proportions:

• square body;
• chest to the elbows, its depth corresponds to half the height at the withers;
• the length of the back of the nose is half the length of the skull.

Representatives of the breed are filled with strength, nobility. Their movements are energetic, confident.


The dog's head is in proportion to the body. The ears are high. The eyes are large enough, dark. The nose is black, wide, slightly upturned. The lower teeth are not visible when the mouth is closed.

Boxer dog: description of the breed contains a strong, rounded neck. The back is wide, short. Paws are straight with short toes, stiff feet. The thighs are extremely muscular. The tail is set high.

Important! In 2002, at the revision of the standards, it was decided to ban docking of tails and ears.

The coat of German boxers is shiny, thin, short. Close fitting. The standard assumes two types of color:

• ginger(light yellow, bright red, reddish brown) with a black mask;
• brindle with black or dark stripes on a red background.

White markings are not prohibited and may even serve as decoration for the dog.

Character and upbringing

The boxer has a strong nervous system, fearless, self-confident, calm and balanced. It has long been famous for devotion and loyalty to its owner and his family, as well as the vigilance and fearlessness of the protector.

A distinctive characteristic of the boxer dog is inexhaustible playfulness. Sometimes they resemble a cheerful child. Great for conveying emotions. They are attached to the owner, serve faithfully to the whole family. They are kind to small children, indulge in pranks, show care. Do not experience aggression towards other people's children.

Good-natured boxers may fall in love with other domestic animals. Get along with their cats. However, this does not apply to other animals.

Boxer dogs are necessary both for revealing innate skills and for taming a restless character. They are very perceptive and efficient. Perhaps that is why this breed is in demand in the police. There are also many lifeguards and guides among them.

Attention! Boxers need timely socialization. Without communication, they become suspicious and may bark at strangers.

It is necessary to educate with the help of encouragement and praise. Stock up on patience. The characteristic of the boxer dog breed includes a unique trait - they mature relatively late, closer to 18 months. That's why at a young age, low susceptibility to commands is possible. But one day everything will change.

It is worth considering the physical activity of dogs. They need to release their energy. Can't compete in running? Take your pet for frequent walks.

Maintenance and care

Boxers are quite unpretentious in content. They are clean like cats. Short hair is enough to wipe with a hard cloth.

If you decide to stop the tail and ears, then you should take care of this in a timely manner. The tail is docked in the first week of life. Ears in the second or third month.

This largely depends on how much the fabric grinds down on walks.

You need to watch your pet's eyes. To do this, they keep a handkerchief or napkin with them, periodically wiping and removing grass motes, cleaning the tear ducts.

Food

Boxers are gluttonous - they can eat all day, so the diet should be strictly limited. An adult dog is given approximately 1 kg of dry food per day, divided into three doses.

If selected, then the diet should include meat, cereals, vegetables and fruits, dairy products.

Important! Milk can cause indigestion.

Until the age of two months, it is better to wipe the food. The meat is given raw or half-cooked. Even when boiled, it must be tough.. This helps develop the jaw. Small bones must be removed to avoid injury to the esophagus.

Pros and cons

The Boxer is one of the best companion dogs. Unpretentious and sociable, good-natured and mischievous. Likes to be with the owner. Smart, receptive to training.

The only downsides are health issues. This breed is one of the most prone to cancer. Fine wool contributes to rapid cooling. Boxers sometimes suffer from rheumatism. There are problems with digestion, flatulence.

In conclusion, we note that the puppy should be chosen from trusted breeders. In this case, you can count on the implementation of all the innate skills of the breed: an affectionate pet will delight during the day and guard at night.

Additionally, check out the video, which describes in detail the German boxer dog breed:

Dog breeding also has its own trends: until recently, some breeds were popular, then they were replaced by others, and so on ad infinitum. But there are lines that can be safely called "classic" - they have been finding their fans for many decades in a row. This time is enough to study their habits to the smallest nuances. Let's take a closer look at one of them, having learned what is remarkable about the familiar German boxer, and how the description of this breed operates.

Character and appearance

Country: Germany.

Lifespan: 10-12 years (less often 13).

Litter: 3-8 (on average, 5 puppies).

Group: Working.

Recognized by: ACR, AKC, ANKC, APRI, CKC, FCI, NKC, NZKC, UKC.

Coat color: Red or brindle with a black mask on the muzzle. White markings are often found on the chest and legs.

Wool length: Short. Close fitting, hard to the touch.

Shedding: Moderate.

The size: Big. Males at the withers grow to 58-63 cm, the bitches are smaller (52-59).

The weight: 28-35 kg (males), 25-30 - for bitches.

Description and photo

These textured and active dogs are rightfully considered one of the hardiest. To verify this, just look at the photo or study the requirements standard.

According to them, the family traits of boxers are:

• harmonious and light-looking head without wrinkles, planted on a high, muscular neck. On the back, leather folds are visible, which during the period of activity may appear on the bridge of the nose;
• a wide, but not heavy muzzle with a slightly protruding lower jaw (removal relative to the upper up to 1.5 cm);
• strong teeth. The advantage is the frequent arrangement of incisors in a straight line;
• frons clearly divided by shallow longitudinal furrow;
• small eyes are dark, not protruding, with dark eyelid edging. The very look is strong-willed, although without "notes" of aggression;
• the ears are located at the very top of the skull. At rest, they hang forward; if the dog is active, they stick up;
• body square in profile: expressive withers are combined with slanted shoulder blades of great length;
• the back is straight and short, with playing muscles and correct proportions;
• The chest is deep (can reach half of the height at the withers), with an expressive front. Ribs well sprung and extending back;
• the waist line is wide and slightly convex, while sloping. Smoothly transitions into croup;
• the croup itself is broad and sloping. As for the pelvis, it combines width with length (this is especially noticeable in bitches);
• straight forelimbs stand parallel and are distinguished by "dry" muscles. The massive forearms are rather wide, the elbows are close to the body, and the wrists are strong and short;
• the hind limbs are wider apart. Impressive hips when viewed from the side create an angle of about 80 degrees relative to the croup. Flat joints are turned back strictly at a large angle;
• the tail is set low, docking up to 2-3 vertebrae is considered a defect;
• the movements are lively, full of nobility.

Important! Paw pads should be tightly padded and hard to the touch. If they are easily pressed in, this may mean that the puppy was fed anything.

A description of such a strong breed as a boxer would be incomplete without mentioning the character that this dog stands out for.

It was he who made this line popular all over the world.

Pet character

In it, calmness and activity, poise and some cockiness coexist in an amazing way. All these qualities are combined thanks to the strong nerves of the animal.

Infinitely devoted to their owners and their families, they get along well with children. Contact with the owner is extremely important - get ready for the fact that the dog will have to devote a lot of time (it needs not so much a “leader” as a friend).
At home, they are calm, get along with other living creatures. But during long walks, they change, demonstrating hyperactivity: constant loads, games and jogging are needed.

Curious, but do not stray too far from the owner. Usually they are nearby, carefully moving their nose along the ground and at the same time snorting amusingly. True, this idyll can be destroyed by the appearance of another (a fight is not excluded).

Excellent watchmen: strength and agility are complemented by remarkable intelligence and observation. If you properly raise a puppy, then you can not worry about the safety of property.

It looks pretty nice, but already from the first weeks you need to identify some "taboos" in terms of behavior.

It is not surprising that after getting acquainted with such a characteristic, many gain confidence that a boxer will be their first dog. But even before a visit to the nursery, all the advantages and disadvantages of the breed should be soberly correlated.

Pros and cons of the breed

Arguments in favor of keeping such animals include:

• their sociable disposition;
• a fairly high level of learning (with regular classes, they grasp everything on the fly);
• good makings of a security guard;
• short, which will not roll around the house;
• boundless loyalty;
• affection for children, regardless of their age.

Important! Games involving a large dog require vigilant parental attention - a dog that has become excited can easily push a baby that has risen to its feet, which carries the risk of injury.

• intemperance towards others;
• the risk of getting sick in the cold season (short wool thoroughly freezes even during autumn walks, which can cause a cold);
• the need to devote a lot of time to education and walks. A boxer is not suitable for too busy people - without an owner, the animal will get bored very quickly and may become discouraged. The other extreme is regular and uncontrolled activity.

The history of boxer dogs

Bullenbeisers, which were bred in Germany in the 18th century, are considered the progenitors of modern boxers. These dogs were intended for hunting and did not differ in special beauty.

Did you know? These dogs were noted during the First World War: army cynologists worked in one of the Bavarian kennels at that time. Their wards became signalmen, guards and even orderlies. At least 60 boxers were officially included in the staff list of German units at the front.

Tribal fine-tuning took a lot of time, and the public saw the first representative of the boxer breed only in 1850 - it was at the Munich exhibition.

But this debut did not cause much enthusiasm - the attitude towards the line remained dismissive until the end of the century. All this time, boxers were not included in the studbooks, although the breeders worked diligently, further instilling sociability and obedience in graceful dogs.

The situation changed in 1895 through the efforts of Friedrich Robert. This legendary, who already had experience with such dogs, clearly showed that they are obedient, quick-witted and easily trained.
A year later, the All-German breed show was opened, which became a finest hour for boxers - 50 dogs of different colors and ages were presented there.

Long-standing rejection immediately gave way to popularity - the first boxer club appeared, which developed the first edition of the standard. Since then, lean and sociable dogs have become one of the most recognizable dogs in the world.

How to choose the right puppy

Having gathered their thoughts and decided on a nursery, future owners try not to postpone the purchase of a puppy.

But there is no need to rush here - not everyone will be able to pick up a dog without proper experience (and not everyone has a familiar veterinarian who can be taken for a consultation either).

In order for the purchase to bring only joy, you need to keep in mind some of the nuances associated with the choice of "youngsters".

Here are the easy rules:

• first of all, find out what the exact age of the pets is (the interval between 1.5 and 2 months is considered optimal - a smart breeder simply will not give away a younger intelligent breeder);
• the puppy should look well-knit and well-fed, with a close-fitting, shiny, clean coat. No bald patches and sticky lumps;
• pay attention to - in healthy individuals they are always straight, with no signs of curvature;
• Be sure to check your eyes and nose. Abundant secretions, films, crust and pungent odors are excluded. Make sure the nose is moist and the eyes are dark (a rich charcoal hue would be a plus);
• if the breeder managed to stop the tail, do not hesitate to look at it. The absence of bruising, moisture or pus on its tip will be a good sign;
• the nature of the puppy is also important - a healthy baby is always cheerful, willingly plays with his peers and is not afraid of contact with people;
• pedigree also plays a role, so ask to see your parents. Seeing active and obedient dogs, you can not worry about the offspring. The type of activity of the ancestors also leaves an imprint on young dogs: if they were pure watchmen, then the next generations retain the same inclinations;
• finally, evaluate the conditions of keeping puppies - they need space. Having taken an individual, accustomed to cramped conditions from the first days, know that psychologically it is already “crammed”, and this will take a very long time to correct.

Did you know?These handsome men often become satellites of stars. Boxers were published along with Sylvester Stallone and Justin Timberlake, Robbie Williams and Luke Perry.

After going through a lot of offers, you can make sure that the average cost is within the following limits:

• an elite show-class puppy costs at least $500-600 (if there are reference ancestors, the figure can reach up to 1000-1200);
• it is quite possible to take a representative of the BRID class for 350-500 "green". These are quite healthy dogs, which are not suitable for the show only because of one small deviation from the standard;
• if you need “just a friend and a guard”, really meet $220-300 (they ask so much for a pet-class puppy);
• when pedigree doesn't matter, the price goes down to $100-$150. A lower price should alert - it is possible that the dog is seriously ill, and the seller is trying to hide it.

Can he live in an apartment?

Having studied the characteristics of the breed, we learned that the German boxer is quite large in size and active. This leaves an imprint on its habitat.

These dogs can only be kept in apartments if they are regularly walked. It is desirable that the footage of the dwelling be larger - usually calm indoors, boxers can play with children and demolish some object standing on the edge of a table or shelf in cramped quarters.

To protect both yourself and the puppy, try to keep massive vases or books (and, of course, sharp objects) away.

The ideal option is to live in a country house with a fenced yard: boxers like this kind of space. Their owners know that keeping in enclosures is very painful for dogs, so it’s better to let them into the house (besides, they definitely won’t freeze there).
Immediately allocate a corner for the dog to sleep - away from drafts and hot batteries, and after a couple of days you can see that the pet has become attached to this place.

Important!Boxers are considered a territorial breed, so it is undesirable to keep them in a confined space in pairs. Two males can seriously overshadow the life of everyone present - the fight will be serious and dangerous.

Do not forget that it is extremely important to maintain contact with the dog. Even if the owner is away, the puppy should be constantly in sight of the rest of the family. Adult animals are also sensitive to this.

Competent care

Caring for boxers is simple, but requires regularity. Such procedures are within the power of everyone, you just need to observe their frequency.

For wool

It is enough to regularly wipe the cover with a rubberized and leather cloth. First, the wool is wiped with a rubberized material, and then with leather, previously moistened with water. Frequency: 2-3 times a week.

After a walk in rainy weather, the dog can be quite smeared. In such cases, an ordinary rag is taken, soaked in water with the addition of a special "dog" shampoo. A few strokes are enough to clean the coat.
Puppies are taught to such manipulations from the first days after their appearance in the house. It happens that they still do not really obey the owner. There is a way out: just turn the baby on its back and lightly press your hand to the sternum (for a couple of minutes).

After waiting until he calms down, do not forget to praise, after playing for a short time in the end. In the future, a smart dog will easily lie on his back for hygiene procedures.

Did you know?Alexander Vertinsky was so struck by the devotion of the boxers that he dedicated the verse “About my dog” to them. It is known for certain that a white bitch named Dolly lived with the chansonnier for a long time.

In addition to wool, constant attention also requires:

• eyes. Due to sagging eyelids, discharge often accumulates in them, which are carefully removed every morning with a dampened soft cloth;
• claws. As necessary, they are carefully (1-1.5 mm) removed with special cutters. Ordinary scissors are not suitable: they can touch the vessels in the paw pads;
• ears. It is easier to remove sulfur and dust with a handkerchief wound around your finger (while not really pressing on the lobe). Alcohol and bath sticks are not suitable for such purposes. Another nuance: noticing that discharge constantly accumulates in the ears and an unpleasant smell is felt, show the pet to the veterinarian.

For cleanliness (bathing)

In most cases, one thorough "bath" per year is enough.

This process looks ordinary - the dog is placed in a bath and rinsed with warm water. Immediately after this, shampoo is applied to the coat (necessarily with a low level of acidity, indicated on the label as pH). It is desirable that it does not get into the eyes or mouth - the latter, although not fraught with danger, is rather unpleasant for the dog.

After washing off the foam and its remnants, the boxer is wiped dry with a soft towel. There should be no moisture left on the wool, otherwise the dog runs the risk of overcooling.

Important!Bathing water should be warm, but not hot: +37…+38°C will be sufficient.

A more frequent procedure is the daily washing of paws, which is also taught from a very young age.

Checking for infections

An active dog that likes to explore all the nooks and crannies can be threatened by all sorts of infections.
To exclude their appearance, after each walk, they carefully examine the muzzle, nose and paw pads for the presence of thorns, scratches or wounds in them.

If such annoyance nevertheless happened, the damaged area is treated with a solution of water, alcohol and vinegar in equal proportions. More serious problems require the presence of a veterinarian.

Many owners also use a special cream for pads, treating delicate skin with it both before and after walking. Such compositions are best suited for puppies and older individuals.

daily walks

They are mandatory, and the walking must be two times. They start right away - puppies with their fragile legs will need 20-25 minutes in the morning and evening, while an adult animal will need at least half an hour of mobility.

The best place for a walk would be a quiet park, where the dog can get much-needed physical activity, combined with elements of the game.
For walking, you need to buy a leash on a soft harness (the collar creates discomfort).

Although the boxer keeps close to the owner, but when he sees another dog, or even worse - his relative, he will rush at him without much thought. So without a leash it will be tight. You can release a pet only after making sure that there are no other four-legged around.

Already the first promenades should be combined with - training in the simplest commands begins as early as 2 months (and it is better not to postpone it, because it will be much more difficult to cope with a grown dog).

It is enough for puppies to learn simple “Come to me” and “Place”, “Stand” or “Voice”. They learn these and similar urges in 2-3 months of training. The only condition: the teams should not encourage the little boxer to be too active (the body is not yet strong).

Grown-up puppies do not always get along with cynological sections - except perhaps as an individual program. This is due to their "quarrelsomeness" with respect to other dogs.

Diet and products

For full development, a balanced is required. The diet is selected based on the age of the boxer. Let's start with a description of the "menu" for the youngest.

Puppy nutrition

There are two dietary schemes - with the application and natural food. For puppies, the second option is ideal.

Important!Chocolate for dogs is considered poison: the desire to pamper a pet with something tasty can cause a serious malfunction in its nervous system.

When planning a diet, please note that for this breed such products are recommended:

• boiled or undercooked meat like beef, chicken or rabbit. Thin streaks of fat are allowed. Such dishes are served finely chopped - due to the characteristic bite, it will be inconvenient for the dog to take a large piece;
• boiled fish without bones (only marine species);
• stale wholemeal bread;
• brown unpeeled rice;
• cereals like buckwheat, wheat or rice;
• raw liver;
• vermicelli;
• cottage cheese;
• vegetables - carrots, pumpkin and zucchini will definitely not harm;
• different kinds of vitamin supplements.

Equally important is the frequency of feeding. The generally accepted scheme is as follows:

• the first 2 months of life, feeding is carried out 5-6 times a day;
• 3-6 months: the number of approaches is reduced to 4, gradually adding portions;
• 6 months: 3 doses;
• from 10 months they switch to the main, two-time regimen.

Did you know?Dogs can smell 10,000 times better than humans! And this is just the lower limit of the sense of smell - in many breeds it is much better developed.

And one more thing, which is sometimes forgotten by too caring owners. Boxers, regardless of age, are very fond of food. Measure the right portion and do not pay attention to the begging eyes: the supplement can lead to obesity.

What to feed an adult dog

An older dog can be partially transferred to dry food. Breeders remind that it cannot be immediately combined with ordinary food: it is better to alternate the intake by day.

The food itself should be premium and not contain high concentrations of protein. After reviewing the doses indicated on the package, do not rush to immediately measure them - this is an average number, while the amount for a single dog is individual.

For natural food, the same products are used as in the case of puppies. But adjusted for quantity and content: now the emphasis is shifting towards grain (meat is given 1/3).

The fact that the boxer has grown does not mean at all that he will digest everything without consequences. It is strictly forbidden to give:

• sausages and sausages;
• pork and ham in any form;
• fresh chicken;
• river fish;
• legumes;
• bones;
• sweets and spices.

We monitor health

But the German boxer does not live by meat alone. Caring for a strong dog also means timely vaccination. Knowledge of the "generic" diseases of the breed will also not be superfluous for future owners.

Possible diseases

The constitution of the body and lifestyle leave their mark on the health of all representatives of this line without exception.

Modern dogs have inherited many diseases from their ancestors.

The most common veterinarians include:

• hip dysplasia, which can be the result of obesity;
• hypothyroidism - the thyroid gland does not produce thyroid hormones, which can manifest itself in rapid weight gain or hair loss. The background is chills;
• Like all dogs with a short muzzle, Boxers are prone to cancers like brain tumors. It manifests itself in older individuals - this can be seen in too frequent head rotation and problems with swallowing. Not uncommon and epileptic seizures;
• aortic valve stenosis and cardiomyopathy. They lead to excessive loads;
• volvulus of the intestines as a result of malnutrition;
• the same situation with colitis;
• tympanite, which is considered the "scourge" of the breed with a wide sternum.

Did you know?Zoologists have found that a dog's ear contains twice as much muscle as a human ear.

Only a veterinarian can accurately understand the symptoms of such disorders. If you notice that your dog is obviously not okay, call the specialist right away.

Dog vaccinations

A powerful dog needs appropriate immunity. It is formed according to strict vaccination schedule:

• The first vaccine is administered to puppies 2 months old. This is the most difficult of all injections - immediately after it, a 12-day quarantine is introduced. All this time, the puppy is not taken outside, fed moderately and refrains from washing. Drafts and overheating are excluded. Weakness and fever are observed, diarrhea is also possible (this is a normal reaction for a barely vaccinated dog);
• 3 weeks later, the same composition is introduced. The precautions are identical, but this time the baby tolerates the injection much easier;
• after waiting for the dog to change its teeth (this is about 5-6 months), they are vaccinated against rabies, at the same time a complex preparation against distemper, hepatitis and enteritis is introduced;
• complex revaccination falls on 1 year. All subsequent injections are given at annual intervals.

The German Boxer is a dog breed with a warlike appearance and a cheerful, good-natured character. The breed is almost universal and can be used as a bodyguard and even a guide for a person with disabilities.

The German Boxer breed originates from the Tibetan Great Dane-shaped dogs of the Brabant Bullenbeitzers. According to descriptions preserved from the 6th-7th century AD, they were courageous and strong dogs used in those days in bullfights. Due to the special structure of the skull bones, these dogs had powerful jaws and were able to hold the hunted beast for a long time.

The introduction in Europe of a ban on fights between animals, Bullenbeitzers turned into dogs of butchers, circus troupes and even robbers who used the breed as guards. The working qualities of these dogs attracted the attention of many fans, and cynologists Hepner, Rothberg and Koenig began to create a new service breed.

In a short time, selection work made it possible to obtain a strong, courageous, harmoniously built dog with a specific structure of the skull, a stable psyche and an iron grip on the jaws.

The first description of the German Boxer breed was presented in 1895. At the same time, a boxing club was created in Munich. At the exhibition in 1896, 50 dogs of this breed were already presented. The first German boxers combined the features of bullenbeisers and. Over time, the blood of Bullenbeisers began to prevail and the signs of this breed were manifested by 70% in new individuals.

During the First World War, the German boxer dog served as an assistant to police officers, watchmen, delivered the wounded and reports during hostilities, and even carried the wounded from the battlefield. The breed became more popular at the end of World War II.

The modern standard of the German boxer was approved by the FCI in 2002.

Appearance and breed standard, photos

The German Boxer is a dog of medium height, stocky, with well-developed dry muscles, prominently protruding under the short coat. All movements of the dog are noble, proud and show his strength. The height of the dog is from 53 to 64 centimeters, the weight of the German boxer is from 25 to 32 kilograms.

A photo. boxer dog breed

Three German boxers in the photo

• Head square shape. The transition from muzzle to forehead is sharp. The muzzle is voluminous, wide.
• Jaws strong. The lower one protrudes and gives the expression of the muzzle a menacing look.
• Nose black, upturned and raised, slightly flattened.
• Ears set high, after cupping, they acquire sharp outlines.
• Eyes dark brown. Eyelids with black pigmentation.
• Neck in the form of an elegant arc, rounded, muscular, dry. The transition to the withers is clearly expressed.
• Body square-shaped, lean, with prominent muscles under the skin. The back is short and level. The loin is strong.
• Croup oblique, rounded, wide.
• Breast deep, to the elbows. Ribs are curved.
• Tail set high. Bought briefly.
• limbs are parallel to each other. The shoulder blades are long, oblique. The elbows are slightly pressed to the chest. Hind limbs with pronounced muscles. The knees are pushed forward. Paws are rounded, collected.

Disadvantages of the breed:

• Fangs protruding to the surface of the muzzle.
• Short, thick neck.
• Narrow or humped back.
• Weak limb muscles.
• Falling paws.
• Rolling movements, stilted gait.

Coat type and colors

The coat of German boxers is short, tight to the body, shiny. The structure of the outer hair is hard.

The main colors provided by the breed:

• Brindle.
• Red (fawn) with any shade from light to mahogany.

Both colors suggest a black mask and black ears. White markings up to 30% of the color are allowed, located on the paws, abdomen, chest. White color on the back and sides, as well as on the muzzle, is not allowed.

REFERENCE. The German white boxer is considered very rare. Due to its rarity, this color is considered to bring good luck to the owners. However, the world breed standard does not allow such a color.

Features of the nature of the breed

The German Boxer is a lively, cheerful and curious dog. This character of the dog is retained for a lifetime. The first representatives of the breed retained the aggression inherited from their ancestors, but the breeders overcame this trait of fighting dogs.

However, the spirit of the fighter in the breed has been preserved and it manifests itself in games and competitions. Specially trained German boxers can be very pugnacious. But basically representatives of the breed show aggression only in moments of danger.

At the same time, the anger of the German boxer is selective: the dog is merciless to enemies and infinitely devoted to the owner and family. The boxer, thanks to his instincts, protects the weak, so he will never hurt a child. If the kid violates the boundaries of what is permitted, and will bother the dog too much, he will simply leave and try to hide.

The German boxer is a sociable dog and does not tolerate loneliness, therefore he prefers to be closer to the owner all the time. Strangers make him distrustful. The dog will not rush at a stranger, but in case of danger it will be able to fight back.

Boxers often show aggression towards other dogs, especially those of the same sex. Given this feature, breeders recommend keeping dogs of different sexes in the house, otherwise the boxer will conflict, try to dominate.

The attitude towards other animals in the house depends on the correct upbringing of the dog. If a cat grows up in the same territory with a German boxer, he will be friends with her. Unfamiliar cats and other small animals are likely to be chased by a boxer.

Important. With improper upbringing or in the presence of tribal marriage, the German boxer may show increased aggression. Such a dog can become dangerous for others, but also for family members.

Basic rules of training

Experts recommend purchasing a German boxer as a first pet for inexperienced owners, as representatives of this breed are easily manageable and amenable to training. The main rule of boxer training is to communicate with the dog in a calm tone.

It is impossible to break into a scream and be nervous if the dog does not do something, because the German boxer is sensitive to the mood of the owner and will be nervous with him. From such communication in raised tones, there will be no sense.

As a service dog, the boxer must undergo a full course of special training with the assimilation of all the necessary commands. It is recommended to start developing working qualities from 5 months. It is advisable to seek help from a professional dog handler who will help the owner to train the boxer in service skills.

Before the puppy must learn the general rules of behavior in the house and on the street. Lessons should be short and fun, more like a game. First thing . A tray is placed in the house for this, and the dog is placed in it every time it sits down. If the puppy successfully descends into the tray, he is sure to be praised.

It takes place in natural conditions. As soon as the dog sits, you need to pronounce the appropriate command so that the association arises. After a few repetitions, the puppy begins to understand what is required of him.

The way to the heart of a German boxer is through the stomach. Using treats as a reward (crackers, bones from a pet store, biscuits) can achieve the desired behavior. Boxers are well motivated for such rewards, as they are real gourmets. They are even willing to work for a portion of their regular food.

If the learning process is carried out before the next feeding, the commands are learned much faster. Alternatively, you can set aside a small portion of the daily portion and use it as a reward after the lesson.

The whole method of training comes down to stimulating action through praise and treats. Boxers love to be praised and always try to please their owner. If the puppy does something wrong or starts to misbehave, the owner should show his displeasure by ignoring the pet. When a dog sees that they do not want to communicate with her, she understands the inadmissibility of such behavior.

Important. Punishing or hitting a dog for misbehavior is not allowed. The dog will simply be afraid of the owner, but will not understand what she is doing wrong.

The German boxer is a dog with a weak immune system, so its physical well-being directly depends on proper care and maintenance in the necessary conditions. A dog can live in a city apartment and a country house. But in winter, keeping a boxer in a kennel is not desirable, as he is prone to hypothermia.

For walks, you need to purchase a long leash and a special harness. Keeping a German Boxer in a collar is not recommended.

Hair and eye care

Grooming a German boxer is not difficult, as his short coat does not need to be combed. It is enough to go over the pet's skin once a week with a stiff brush or a special mitten to clean off dead hairs.

Frequent bathing is also not necessary for the German boxer, as the natural fat coating is washed off the skin. If the pet gets dirty, it is enough to clean off the dirt with a sponge dipped in a special shampoo, and then wipe it with a cloth dipped in clean water. If you wish, you can bathe the dog a couple of times a year.

The structure of the boxer's eyelids contributes to the accumulation of dust in the eyes, from which. The dog's eyes are rubbed daily. If yellow discharge accumulates in the corners of the eyes, they are removed with a damp cotton pad dipped in chamomile decoction or strong brewed tea.

Ear cleaning and nail trimming

The dog's ears are also wiped with a wet disk. It is contraindicated to use sticks and other objects to penetrate the ear, so as not to damage your hearing. If an unpleasant odor or fluid leaks from the ears, and the dog rubs its head against objects or shakes it, you should seek the advice of a veterinarian.

Boxers need to trim their nails regularly if they don't wear off on their own during walks. Too long claws contribute to deformation of the paws when walking. It is necessary to trim the very tips of the claw, without affecting the blood vessels. For the first time, it is advisable to entrust this procedure to a professional groomer and observe his actions.

Dog nutrition, choosing the right diet

Getting the right amount of nutrients at the time of feeding is the key to good dog health.

The natural menu of a German boxer should consist of products:

• Lean meats.
• Sea fish.
• Porridge from buckwheat, rice, oatmeal.
• Vegetables (except potatoes).
• Dairy products.
• Milk (for puppies).

A dog up to a year is fed from 5-6 to 3 times a day. An adult boxer should eat 2 times a day.

If the option of catering with dry food is chosen, you should not save money and regale the boxer with cheap brands. This is a serious health risk for the dog, since such foods contain a lot of preservatives, dyes, which can become a source of allergies and digestive problems. and allergies. To prevent the dog from getting cold, it is recommended to reduce the walking time in wet and frosty weather. To prevent it, you need to follow the recommendations for catering and the selection of cosmetics.

Boxers are also prone to the following diseases:

• Deafness.
• Cardiomyopathy.
• Deforming spondylosis.
• brachiocephalic syndrome.
• Hypothyroidism.
• Turn of the century.

Choosing a puppy, in which kennels to buy and price

Before buying a puppy, you need to decide on the purpose of its acquisition and find out everything about the breed of the future pet. If a dog is acquired as a companion and family member, you can not focus on his exterior, but rely primarily on his mental disposition.

A photo. Little german boxer puppies

Three German boxer puppies in the photo

The choice on the basis of "I liked it" is not suitable if the dog is bought for participation in exhibitions and for breeding offspring. In this case, it is necessary to select a puppy, considering and evaluating its parents.

Dad and mom of the baby should be champions of dog shows, be balanced, meet the breed standards in appearance. It is also necessary to check the presence of hereditary diseases in the parents, since the health status of their offspring depends on this.

The German Boxer puppy should be well-fed, with a smooth, shiny coat that evenly covers the entire body. The baby should have clean eyes and ears. The puppy's behavior should be active, playful, even cocky.

You need to buy a puppy from trusted breeders or specialized nurseries. The baby must have a passport and a vaccination card.

You can buy a purebred puppy of a German boxer in the kennels of the cities:

• Moscow - from $500 (ergobox.ru, www.aivengo.ru, www.yalins.ruww, www.lendgreip.ru, www.alibi-boks.jimdo.com).
• St. Petersburg - from $400 (lit-bomond.jimdo.com, www.lar-arete.ru, www.vzeniteudachi.com, www.liberumavis.com, www.dogizros.ru, www.nikink.ru) .

Boxers are a breed of dog whose roots come from Germany. These dogs are one of the most popular four-legged friends of man in the world. How are boxers different from other dogs?

It is believed that in order to bring up a boxer, it is not necessary to have the skills of a professional breeder, is this true? Yes, indeed, the boxer breed is distinguished by its unpretentiousness and understanding, but it is impossible to say unequivocally that this is a dog for entertainment. To begin with, let's look at the history of the emergence of this breed, perhaps there we will find information on how to properly behave with a boxer.

In the 17th century, in what is now Germany, in a duchy called Brabant, several experiments were made to crossbreed hunting dogs. The Bullenbeisers of Brabant became the ancestors of the boxer breed. These dogs were distinguished by their fury and strength during the hunt, they easily drove,.

A feature of this now extinct breed was considered the ability to bite into the throat of an animal with its jaws and hold it until the hunter comes up and finishes off the prey. So, the blood of such breeds as the English bulldog and mastiff was added to these same bullenbeisers.

The resulting offspring were much lighter and more compact than their ancestors in terms of physique, but retained the necessary qualities ... and became the owner of a bulldog muzzle. Since then, work has begun on the breed to improve the exterior and bring it to uniformity in appearance. These dogs received official recognition only in 1896.

Boxers are medium in size, they grow up to 63 centimeters in height. The mass of boxer dogs varies from 25 to 20 kilograms. They have a fairly strong physique, a moderately sized head, dark eyes, drooping ears in the shape of a triangle, a square body, a long muscular neck, and muscular paws. The tail of these bulldog-shaped dogs is not long, the modern standard forbids tail docking, although in the past such a procedure was carried out, and boxers walked with tails completely cut off.

These dogs are shorthaired. The hairline is close to the skin. The fur is shiny and smooth. Colors are allowed brindle, fawn and red, there may be white inserts on the chest and paws. According to the standard, the muzzle of a purebred boxer should have a dark mask.

The nature of these dogs is energetic, very lively. Boxers are great for guard duties, as they have a successful combination of distrust of strangers with caution. In addition, boxer dogs are good at hunting: they are as obedient as possible, calm and balanced. They do not have unreasonable aggression, they show it only at the command of the owner. Representatives of this breed are distinguished by devotion to the owner, incorruptibility and readiness to serve with all their might.

If you want to get a boxer, you should know that although these dogs are unpretentious in care, they still need periodic training, as well as regular walks. In addition, boxers suffer if the owner pays little attention to them, because they need to put their potential for liveliness and energy somewhere. Do not start a boxer and people with disabilities. Again, because of the lively nature of these dogs and their constant need for movement.

The future owner of a boxer should be aware that the dog's short coat is not adapted to low temperatures. Therefore, if you live in a private house, then you should not keep a dog on the street - boxers are not suitable for the role of yard watchmen, but he will get used to the house perfectly and will protect it.

Photo can be enlarged

The Boxer is a beautiful, strong and large dog. Despite the fact that this breed has been used as a guard dog in Germany for a long time, it is quite widespread in large cities as a pet. This was facilitated by beauty, not very high aggressiveness, love, or at least loyalty to all family members. Nevertheless, this animal is able to continue to perform security functions, protecting the property and health of all family members.

The boxer dog breed is distinguished by mobility, playfulness and curiosity, retaining these properties until old age. When buying a puppy of this breed, of course, you need to evaluate your capabilities. Such a pet will require significant physical exertion and long walks. Only in this case he will be in good physical shape and will be able to look great. On this page of the site we will tell you in detail about the German boxer dog breed.

Boxer is a large dog, up to 30 kg. weight and 60 centimeters tall, and the cost of feeding her will be appropriate. When using dry food, an adult animal will need up to a kilogram of food per day, divided into three portions throughout the day, in order to avoid problems with the digestive tract.

A dog of this breed is prone to overeating, or simply put, it can thresh food non-stop. An overweight German boxer looks unsportsmanlike, so it is better to limit him in food. Another result of overeating can be stomach or intestinal problems.

Boxer dog - maintenance and care

Photo can be enlarged

Six in a boxer dog is very short, which greatly simplifies the care of it. It consists only in regular cleaning with a soft brush. Do not use a hard brush, as the delicate skin of the animal will be injured. Six does not fall off and does not get confused, practically does not fly, and you can easily cope with such care on your own. Professional care may be required only for an exhibition copy, and even then only immediately before the show.

Unfortunately, such short hair has a downside, the animal does not like cold, dampness and drafts. As a result, your pet is prone to colds. If you are on a walk with a German boxer, got caught in rain or snow, when you come home, be sure to wipe the animal and dry the coat. The folds on the muzzle of this breed are shallow and, unlike the bulldog, you do not need to wash it.

Photo can be enlarged

The color of the boxer can be solid: red or brown, brindle or spotted. In my opinion, the most beautiful monochromatic specimens. White spots are allowed, sometimes such pets look very impressive. The tail and ears are often docked and in my opinion the boxer dog looks better this way, but in Europe the docking of these animals is prohibited by the 2002 standard. The appearance of the dog is better to look at the photo.

Main color brindle boxer standard, with the only difference that the coat of the brindle boxer is covered with black or dark stripes running towards the ribs. The color of the stripes should contrast markedly with the ground color, but the stripes should neither be too narrow nor too wide. White markings are not considered a defect and are even preferred, provided that they cover no more than a third of the total surface of the body. Dogs with too large white patches, as well as dogs that are black or any other color other than fawn, brindle or yellow, are not allowed to participate in shows. The coat of the Brindle Boxer should be short, shiny and close to the body. The black mask should only cover the muzzle and not extend beyond it.

Many are sure that white boxer- it is a rarity. In fact, they are born 25% of the total, but since the white boxer does not meet the American standard, as well as the FCI standard, many puppies, alas, are not raised by breeders. Tales about these dogs give rise to all sorts of fears. And as a result, people try to choose a pet of a different color. It is well known that white boxers are by no means sick, they do not have reduced immunity. There is no clinical evidence that the white boxer is more at risk for health problems. However, a white boxer is more likely to be deaf. Unfortunately, approximately 18% of white boxers are deaf.

The Boxer is smart, active and inquisitive. Ideal for dog breeders who enjoy an active lifestyle. The ingenuity of this breed is evidenced by the fact that it can be used as a guide for the blind.

They come from Germany, where they initially performed watchdog functions. Therefore, she is wary of strangers. But the modern boxer is an almost universal breed capable of performing various functions, since its trainability and quick wits are very high. As mentioned above, he can be a guide dog, guard dog, nanny, sport or search dog.

According to the most common version, the Molossian Great Danes, known since ancient times, are considered to be the progenitors of the German boxer, which gave rise to more than one breed of dogs. Unfortunately, the boxer does not have a very bright past - until the middle of the 19th century, he was used as a pickling dog and a participant in dog fights, therefore he had an overly conflicting and aggressive character. But, fortunately, in the future, the breeders managed to instill in boxers a softer character and make this gloomy dog ​​truly domestic. The English Bulldog, the Great Dane, as well as some breeds of terriers took part in the formation of the breed. The "premiere" of the German boxer took place in 1885 at the dog show in Munich, and the official breed standard was adopted in 1905.

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When training, it should be borne in mind that some specimens may differ in increased stubbornness inherited from their ancestors. Active training of this breed should start from 4 - 5 months. The boxer becomes an adult at about 3 years old and, with good care, lives up to 12-15 years.

Despite the fact that initially it is a watchdog breed, it behaves good-naturedly with other people's children, can get along with another dog, and sometimes even a cat, does not offend small pets. Being a very active dog, the boxer does not like to be left alone.

The fighting character of the boxer is surprisingly combined in him with good nature and tenderness for his masters, he is especially reverent towards small children and considers it his duty to patronize them and indulge their pranks. Strangers do not inspire confidence in this dog, and, having an excellent reaction and a stable psyche, he is always on guard, ready to stand up for his master in case of danger. But for nothing, this brave dog does not bark and only fights if provoked. By the way, of the dogs, the German boxer recognizes only his breed, he treats the rest with caution and even a certain amount of aggression.

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In addition to the previously mentioned tendency to catch colds, and as a consequence of possible rheumatism, there are hereditary heart diseases and a tendency to cancer. Quite a large percentage of puppies are born with deafness in one or both ears, there is a tendency to allergies, usually food.

The Boxer is not prone to pointless barking and therefore does not interfere with the neighbors. If the dog barked, you should definitely look at what excited her so much. This breed is distinguished by absolute fearlessness, devotion, self-confidence and endurance, lack of cunning and deceit.

Thoroughbred boxers should not have such a defect as increased salivation, as a result of which they soiled furniture and premises.

Diseases

The powerful appearance of German boxers is not always a sign of general health. The immune system of dogs of this breed is quite sensitive, and therefore boxers may be prone to allergies. Proper nutrition is very important to them. The boxer's diet should not contain products "from the table", since salt, spices, sugar, fat and other components of human food can provoke allergic reactions. Boxers should be fed either specially prepared cereals and soups, or high-quality dry food.

Dogs of this breed are prone to some forms of cancer, so if tumors are found or even suspected, you should immediately consult a doctor. The sooner the diagnosis is made and treatment is started, the more chances there will be to save the dog from premature death.

German boxers have a rather delicate digestive system. Wrong food, large portions can provoke such serious diseases of the stomach and intestines that the dog will have to be saved on the operating table. It is better to feed the dog several times a day in small portions, avoiding overeating. Some boxers may suffer from thyroid dysfunction called hypothyroidism. Due to a lack of hormones, the dog develops obesity, baldness, skin rashes, skin hyperpigmentation, and sexual dysfunction.

Hypothyroidism significantly impairs a dog's quality of life, but, fortunately, replacement therapy can bring the levels of essential hormones back to normal. Boxers are prone to colds, so they should not be kept in cold, damp rooms. Some breed lines of boxers may be predisposed to hereditary heart disease, so when choosing a boxer puppy, it would be useful to inquire about the health of his parents, as well as grandparents.

F.C.I. Standard No. 144 / 02.04.2001 / D

1. General appearance:
The Boxer is a smooth-coated, compact, medium-sized, broad-bodied dog with a square build and strong bones. The muscles are dry, well developed, relief. The movements are energetic, full of strength and nobility. A boxer should not look clumsy or clumsy, nor weak in body or light.

2. Important proportions:

The ratio of length and height:
The body is square, i.e. lines drawn through the extreme points: horizontal - through the highest point of the withers, and vertical - one through the extreme anterior point of the shoulder joint, and the other through the extreme posterior point of the ischial tuberosity, form a square.

The ratio of the depth of the chest and the height at the withers:
The chest reaches to the elbows. The depth of the chest is half the height at the withers.

The ratio of the length of the muzzle and skull:
The length of the back of the nose is related to the length of the cranium as 1:2 (the measurement is taken from the tip of the nose to the inner corner of the eyes and from the inner corner of the eyes to the occipital bone).

3. Behavior and character:
The boxer has a strong nervous system, he is self-confident, calm and balanced. His temper is of great importance and needs careful attention. His affection and loyalty to his master and the whole family and home, his sensitivity and his fearlessness and courage as a protector have been known since ancient times. He is affectionate in the family, but distrustful of strangers, cheerful and friendly in the game, but fearless in attack. He is easily trained due to his willingness to obey, courage and fighting qualities, his natural sharpness and excellent sense of smell. Being unpretentious and clean, he proves to be a pleasant member of the family and proves useful as a protector and companion, as well as a working dog. His character is honest and open, without falsehood and deceit, without cowardice.

4. Head:
Gives the boxer a distinctive look and should be in the right proportion with the body and should look neither too light nor too heavy. The muzzle should be as wide and powerful as possible. The beauty of the head is provided by the correct ratio of the muzzle and skull. When looking at the head from any side: from above, from the front or from the side, the muzzle must always remain in the correct proportion with the skull, i.e. should never look too light. The head should be dry and free of skin folds (wrinkles). However, wrinkles on the forehead appear spontaneously when the dog pricks up the ears with increased attention. From the base of the bridge of the nose, permanently marked skin folds fall on both sides. The black mask is limited to the muzzle, stands out clearly from the background of the head and should not give the Boxer a gloomy expression.

Components of the front:

Forehead (facial part of the skull):
should be as graceful as possible and angular. It is slightly rounded, neither spherical and short, nor flat and not too wide; the occiput is not very high. The frontal furrow is only slightly marked and should not be too deep, it is only marked between the eyes.

Stop:
The forehead passes into the back of the nose with a distinct ledge. The bridge of the nose should not be pressed into the forehead like a bulldog, but should not be lowered either.

Muzzle:
Must be three-dimensional in all three dimensions i.e. should not be sharp and narrow, nor shortened or shallow. Its form is determined by:
a) jaw shape
b) the location of the fangs and
c) the shape of the lips.

The fangs should be large and as widely spaced as possible, due to which the nasolabial mirror is wide, almost square in shape and is located at an obtuse angle to the back of the nose. The front edge of the upper lip merges with the front edge of the lower lip. The curved front of the lower jaw, together with the lower lip, forms a pronounced chin. It should not visibly protrude from under the upper lip or, even less desirable, be hidden by the upper lip. The chin should appear clearly defined both when viewed from the front and from the side. When the mouth is closed, the incisors and fangs of the lower jaw should not be visible, in addition, the tongue should not be visible. The groove in front of the upper lip is distinctly visible.

Lips (flews):
Give the muzzle a complete shape. The upper lip is thick and fleshy, covers all the free space formed by the longer lower jaw, and is supported by the lower fangs.

Nose:
Broad, black, slightly upturned, nostrils wide. The tip of the lobe is only slightly higher than the base.

Teeth:
The lower jaw is longer than the upper and slightly curved upwards. The shape of the bite in a boxer is undershot. The upper jaw is broad at the base of the forehead and tapers only slightly towards the tip. Teeth are strong and healthy. The incisors are located as evenly as possible in one line, the fangs are large and widely spaced.

Cheekbones:
The cheekbones should be developed, as well as the jaws, but they should not protrude. There should be a smooth transition from the cheekbones to the muzzle in the form of a smooth curve.

Eyes:
Dark, not small, prominent or deeply sunken. The expression of the eyes is energetic and intelligent and should not be threatening or prickly. The rim of the eyelids is dark.

Ears:
Set on high, sharply docked, commensurate with the length and set vertically at the base of the skull, not too broad. Uncropped ears are of proportionate size, thin to the touch, rather small, set on the sides of the highest part of the skull. In a calm state, they lie close to the cheekbones, especially when the dog is alert - the ears turn slightly forward, hanging down forming a distinct fold.

Ears:
remain natural, of a proportionate size, thin to the touch, rather small, located on the sides of the highest part of the skull. In a calm state, they lie close to the cheekbones, especially when the dog is alert - the ears turn slightly forward, hanging down forming a distinct fold.

5. Neck:
The upper line of the neck is in the form of an elegant arch with a clearly defined transition to the withers. It should be of sufficient length, round, strong, muscular and dry.

6. Trunk (Body):
Boxer has a square format. The body rests on strong straight legs.

Withers:
Well expressed.

Back:
The back, including the loins, should be short, strong, straight, broad and very muscular.

Croup:
Slightly sloping, somewhat rounded, wide. The pelvis should be long and wide, especially in bitches.

Rib cage:
Convex and deep, almost reaching to the elbows. The depth of the chest is equal to half the height at the withers. The forechest is well developed. Ribs well sprung but not barrel-shaped, extending well back.

Underline:
Extends back in an elegant curve. The groin is short, moderately tucked up.

Tail:
set rather high than low, docked short and carried up

Tail:
more high than low set. The tail remains natural.

7. Limbs:
Forelimbs:
When viewed from the front, they are even and parallel to each other with good voluminous skeleton.

Shoulder blades:
Long and oblique, fitting close to the body, they should not be overly muscular.

Shoulders:
Long, located at right angles to the shoulder blade.

Elbows:
Not too tightly pressed to the chest, but not spaced either.

Forearm:
They are located vertically, long, covered with dry muscles.

Wrists:
Firm, well defined, but not swollen.

Metacarpus:
Short, almost vertical.

Paws:
Small, rounded, with closed fingers. The pads are thick with thick soles.

Hind limbs:
They have very powerful, dense and relief muscles. Seen from behind, they are straight.

Hip:
Long and wide. The angles of the hip and knee joints are as less obtuse as possible.

Shin:
Very muscular.

Knee:
It should be so exposed forward that it touches the perpendicular of the thigh lowered from the iliac tubercle to the ground.

Hock joint:
Strong, well defined, but not bloated. The joint angle is about 140 degrees.

Metatarsus:
Short, slightly sloping, at an angle of 95-100 degrees to the ground.

Paws:
Slightly longer than the front, with closed fingers. The pads are thick, with a dense sole.

Movements:
Energetic, full of strength and nobility.

8.Skin:
Dry, elastic, without wrinkles.

9. Wool:
Short, close-lying, hard and shiny.

10. 0color:
Red or brindle. Red is allowed in any shade from light yellow to red-brown, but medium tones (i.e. bright red) are most preferred. The mask is black. The brindle color is dark or blacker stripes on a red background running along the ribs. The main color and stripes must be different from each other. White markings are not prohibited in principle, and can even be very decorative.

11. Height:
Measured from the withers perpendicular to the ground passing near the elbow. Males: 57-63 cm. Females: 53-59 cm.

12. Weight:
Males: more than 30 kg (with a height at the withers of about 60 cm).
Bitches: Approximately 25 kg (height at withers approximately 56 cm).

Flaws:
Any deviations from the above characteristics are considered faults, the assessment of which is commensurate with the degree of these deviations.

Behavior and character:
Aggressiveness, malice, deceit, excessive excitability, lack of temperament, cowardice.

Head:
Lack of nobility and expressiveness, frowning, pinchero or bulldog-like head structure, drooling, showing teeth or tongue, too narrow or not enough volume muzzle, downturned bridge of the nose, light, spotted or unpigmented nose and lip edging, light eyes, the so-called "predator's eye birds", not painted edge of the sclera of the eyes, poorly cropped ears, not adjacent to the cheekbones, erect, raised or thrown back to the back of the head, not cropped ears, rosette ears, skewed lower jaw, skewed incisor line, irregular arrangement of teeth, underdeveloped teeth, damaged as a result diseases of the teeth.

Neck:
Short, thick and dewlap.

Frame:
Excessively wide and too deep chest, sagging withers, sagging, humped or narrow back, long, narrow, sagging or humped loins, weak connection with the croup, sloping croup, narrow pelvis, sagging belly, sunken sides.

Tail:
low set and tail kink.

Forelimbs:
Razmet (French stance), free elbows, soft pastern, oval or loose paw.

Hind limbs:
Weak muscles, too blunt or too sharp angulations, saber, barrel-shaped set, close hocks, cowhide, dewclaws, flat or loose foot.

Movements:
Waddle movements, short step, amble, stilted gait.

Color:
Mask extending beyond the muzzle, too dense or too sparse brindle. Dirty main background. Indistinct borders of the stripes, ugly white markings, such as a half or completely white skull. Other colors not specified in the standard, as well as the number of white markings in excess of a third of the body surface.