What factors affect human health. Negative factors affecting people's health

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Hosted at http://www.allbest.ru

Introduction

A person throughout his life is under the constant influence of a number of environmental factors - from environmental to social. In addition to individual biological characteristics, all of them directly affect its vital activity, health and, ultimately, life expectancy. Evidence shows that lifestyle has the biggest impact on health. Almost half of all cases of diseases depend on it. The second place in terms of impact on health is occupied by the state of the human environment (at least one third of diseases are determined by adverse environmental influences). Heredity causes about 20% of diseases.

A healthy organism constantly ensures the optimal functioning of all its systems in response to any changes in the environment. Preservation of optimal human life in interaction with the environment is determined by the fact that for his body there is a certain physiological limit of endurance in relation to any environmental factor, and beyond the limit this factor will inevitably have a depressing effect on human health. For example, as tests have shown, in urban conditions, factors affecting health are divided into five main groups: living environment, production factors, social, biological and individual lifestyle.

It is a matter of great concern that at present the Russian Federation in terms of mortality and average life expectancy steadily occupies one of the last places among industrialized countries.

1. Smoking

Smoking is the inhalation of the smoke of preparations, mainly of plant origin, smoldering in a stream of inhaled air, in order to saturate the body with the active substances contained in them by sublimation and subsequent absorption in the lungs and respiratory tract. As a rule, it is used for the use of smoking mixtures that have narcotic properties due to the rapid flow of blood saturated with psychoactive substances into the brain.

Studies have proven the harm of smoking. Tobacco smoke contains more than 30 toxic substances: Nicotine, Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Hydrocyanic acid, Ammonia, Resinous substances, Organic acids and others.

Statistics say: compared to non-smokers, long-term smokers are 13 times more likely to develop angina pectoris, 12 times more likely to have myocardial infarction, and 10 times more likely to get stomach ulcers. Smokers make up 96 - 100 % of all lung cancer patients. Every seventh long-term smoker suffers from obliterating endarteritis - a serious disease of the blood vessels.

Nicotine is a nerve poison. In experiments on animals and observations on humans, it has been established that nicotine in small doses excites nerve cells, promotes increased breathing and heart rate, heart rhythm disturbances, nausea and vomiting. In large doses, it inhibits and then paralyzes the activity of cells CNS, including vegetative. A disorder of the nervous system is manifested by a decrease in working capacity, trembling of the hands, and a weakening of memory.

Nicotine also affects the endocrine glands, in particular the adrenal glands, which at the same time release the hormone Adrenaline into the blood, which causes vasospasm, increased blood pressure and increased heart rate. Adversely affecting the sex glands, nicotine contributes to the development of sexual weakness in men - impotence.

Smoking is especially harmful to children and teenagers. The nervous and circulatory systems, which are not yet strong, react painfully to tobacco.

In addition to nicotine, other components of tobacco smoke also have a negative effect. When carbon monoxide enters the body, oxygen starvation develops, due to the fact that carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin more easily than oxygen and is delivered with blood to all human tissues and organs. Cancer in smokers occurs 20 times more often than in non-smokers. The longer a person smokes, the more likely he is to die from this serious disease. Statistical studies have shown that smokers often have cancerous tumors in other organs - the esophagus, stomach, larynx, kidneys. It is not uncommon for smokers to develop cancer of the lower lip due to the carcinogenic effect of the extract accumulating in the mouthpiece of the pipe.

Very often, smoking leads to the development of chronic bronchitis, accompanied by a persistent cough and bad breath. As a result of chronic inflammation, the bronchi expand, bronchiectasis is formed with severe consequences - pneumosclerosis, leading to circulatory failure. Often smokers experience pain in the heart. This is due to a spasm of the coronary vessels that feed the heart muscle with the development of angina pectoris (coronary heart failure). Myocardial infarction in smokers occurs 3 times more often than in non-smokers.

Smokers endanger not only themselves, but also those around them. In medicine, even the term "passive smoking" has appeared. In the body of non-smokers after staying in a smoky and unventilated room, a significant concentration of nicotine is determined.

For countries and territories of the world that provide relevant information to WHO, adult tobacco smoking prevalence ranges from 4% in Libya to 54% in Nauru. The top ten countries in which tobacco smoking is most widespread include, in addition to Nauru, Guinea, Namibia, and Kenya. Bosnia and Herzegovina, Mongolia, Yemen, Sao Tome and Principe, Turkey, Romania. Russia in this series of 153 countries ranks 33rd (37% of smokers among the adult population). However, despite the fact that, for example, the United States in this series is in 98th place (24%), cigarette consumption here on average per capita is higher than in many countries of the world with a higher prevalence of smoking among the adult population. If in the United States an average of about 6 cigarettes per capita is consumed daily (that is, including children and all non-smokers), then in Russia it is less than 5. And the highest level of per capita consumption of cigarettes is in Greece - almost 12 pieces per day per person.

2. Alcoholism

The thief of reason - this is how alcohol has been called since ancient times. People learned about the intoxicating properties of alcoholic beverages at least 8000 years before our era - with the advent of ceramic dishes, which made it possible to make alcoholic beverages from honey, fruit juices and wild grapes. Perhaps winemaking arose even before the beginning of cultivated agriculture. So, the famous traveler N.N. Miklukho-Maclay observed the Papuans of New Guinea, who still did not know how to make fire, but who already knew how to prepare intoxicating drinks. Pure alcohol began to be obtained in the 6th-7th centuries by the Arabs and they called it "al cogl", which means "intoxicating". The first bottle of vodka was made by the Arab Ragez in 860. The distillation of wine to obtain alcohol sharply aggravated drunkenness. It is possible that this was the reason for the ban on the use of alcoholic beverages by the founder of Islam (the Muslim religion) Muhammad (Mohammed, 570-632). This prohibition was subsequently included in the code of Muslim laws - the Koran (7th century). Since then, for 12 centuries, alcohol was not consumed in Muslim countries, and the apostates of this law (drunkards) were severely punished.

But even in Asian countries, where the consumption of wine was forbidden by religion (the Koran), the cult of wine still flourished and was sung in verse.

In the Middle Ages in Western Europe, they also learned how to obtain strong alcoholic beverages by sublimation of wine and other fermenting sugary liquids. According to legend, this operation was first performed by the Italian monk alchemist Valentius. After trying the newly obtained product and coming into a state of extreme intoxication. The alchemist declared that he had discovered a miraculous elixir that makes an old man young, tired, cheerful, yearning cheerful.

Since then, strong alcoholic beverages have quickly spread throughout the world, primarily due to the constantly growing industrial production of alcohol from cheap raw materials (potatoes, sugar production waste, etc.).

The spread of drunkenness in Russia is connected with the policy of the ruling classes. An opinion was even created that drunkenness is supposedly an ancient tradition of the Russian people. At the same time, they referred to the words of the chronicle: "Fun in Russia is to drink." But this is a slander against the Russian nation. Russian historian and ethnographer, expert on the customs and mores of the people, Professor N.I. Kostomarov (1817-1885) completely refuted this opinion. He proved that in ancient Russia they drank very little. Only on selected holidays they brewed mead, mash or beer, the strength of which did not exceed 5-10 degrees. The cup was passed around in circles, and everyone drank a few sips from it. On weekdays, no alcoholic drinks were allowed, and drunkenness was considered the greatest shame and sin.

The problem of alcohol consumption is very relevant today. Now the consumption of alcoholic beverages in the world is characterized by huge numbers. The whole society suffers from this, but first of all, the younger generation is at risk: children, adolescents, youth, as well as the health of expectant mothers. After all, alcohol has a particularly active effect on the unformed body, gradually destroying it.

The harm of alcohol is obvious. It has been proven that when alcohol enters the body, it spreads through the blood to all organs and adversely affects them up to destruction.

With the systematic use of alcohol, a dangerous disease develops - alcoholism. Alcoholism is dangerous to human health, but it is curable, like many other diseases.

But the main problem is that most of the alcoholic products produced by non-state enterprises contain a large amount of toxic substances. Poor quality products often lead to poisoning and even death.

All this causes great damage to society, its cultural values.

The reasons for the first initiation to alcohol are varied. But their characteristic changes depending on age are traced.

Until the age of 11, the first acquaintance with alcohol occurs either by chance, or it is given “for appetite”, “treated” with wine, or the child himself tastes alcohol out of curiosity (a motive mainly inherent in boys). At an older age, traditional occasions become the motives for the first use of alcohol: “holiday”, “family celebration”, “guests”, etc. From the age of 14-15, such reasons appear as “it was inconvenient to be left behind the guys”, “friends persuaded”, “for the company”, “for courage”, etc. Boys are characterized by all these groups of motives for the first acquaintance with alcohol. For girls, the second, "traditional" group of motives is mainly typical. Usually it happens, so to speak, an “innocent” glass in honor of a birthday or other celebration.

The second group of alcohol consumption motives, which form drunkenness as a type of behavior of offenders, deserves special attention. Among these motives is the desire to get rid of boredom. In psychology, boredom is a special mental state of a person associated with emotional hunger. Adolescents in this category have significantly weakened or lost interest in cognitive activity. Adolescents who drink alcohol almost do not engage in social activities. Significant shifts are observed in the sphere of leisure. Finally, some teenagers consume alcohol to relieve themselves of stress, to free themselves from unpleasant experiences. A tense, anxious state may arise in connection with their certain position in the family, school community.

But not only teenagers drink alcohol regularly, and despite the widespread development of anti-alcohol propaganda, many adults are not even aware of the extent of the harm caused by alcohol to the body.

The fact is that in everyday life there are many myths about the benefits of alcoholic beverages. It is believed, for example, that alcohol has a therapeutic effect, not only for colds, but also for a number of other diseases, including the gastrointestinal tract, such as stomach ulcers. Doctors, on the contrary, believe that a peptic ulcer patient should absolutely not take alcohol. Where is the truth? After all, small doses of alcohol de really whet the appetite.

Or another belief that exists among people: alcohol excites, invigorates, improves mood, well-being, makes the conversation more lively and interesting, which is important for the company of young people. It is not for nothing that alcohol is taken “against fatigue”, with ailments, and at almost all festivities. Moreover, there is an opinion that alcohol is a high-calorie product that quickly provides the energy needs of the body, which is important, for example, during a hike, etc. And in beer and dry grape wines, in addition, there is a whole set of vitamins and aromatic substances. In medical practice, the bacteriostatic properties of alcohol are used, using it for disinfection (for injections, etc.), preparation of medicines, but by no means for the treatment of diseases.

So, alcohol is taken to cheer up, to warm the body, to prevent and treat diseases, in particular as a disinfectant, as well as a means of increasing appetite and an energetically valuable product. Is it really as useful as it is commonly believed?

One of the Pirogov congresses of Russian doctors adopted a resolution on the dangers of alcohol: “ there is not a single organ in the human body that has not been subjected to the destructive action of alcohol; alcohol does not have any such action that could not be achieved by another remedy acting healthier, safer and more reliable. Not such a morbid condition in which it is necessary to prescribe alcohol for any length of time. So the reasoning about the benefits of alcohol is still just a common misconception.

Alcohol from the stomach enters the bloodstream two minutes after drinking. The blood carries it to all cells of the body. First of all, the cells of the cerebral hemispheres suffer. The conditioned reflex activity of a person worsens, the formation of complex movements slows down, the ratio of the processes of excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system changes. Under the influence of alcohol, voluntary movements are disturbed, a person loses there is the ability to manage oneself.

The penetration of alcohol to the cells of the frontal lobe of the cortex liberates the emotions of a person, unjustified joy, stupid laughter, lightness in judgments appear. Following the increasing excitation in the cerebral cortex, there is a sharp weakening of the processes of inhibition. The cortex ceases to control the work of the lower parts of the brain. A person loses restraint, modesty, he says and does what he never said and would not do when sober. Each new portion of alcohol paralyzes the higher nerve centers more and more, as if connecting them and not allowing them to interfere with the activity of the lower parts of the brain: coordination of movements is disturbed, for example, eye movement (objects begin to double), an awkward staggering gait appears.

Violation of the nervous system and internal organs is observed with any use of alcohol: one-time, episodic and systematic.

It is known that disorders of the nervous system are directly related to the concentration of alcohol in human blood. When the amount of alcohol is 0.04-0.05 percent, the cerebral cortex turns off, the person loses control over himself, loses the ability to reason rationally. At a blood alcohol concentration of 0.1 percent, the deeper parts of the brain that control movement are inhibited. Human movements become uncertain and are accompanied by causeless joy, revival, fussiness. However, in 15 percent of people, alcohol can cause despondency, a desire to fall asleep. As the alcohol content in the blood increases, a person's ability to hear and see is weakened, and the speed of motor reactions is blunted. An alcohol concentration of 0.2 percent affects areas of the brain that control a person's emotional behavior. At the same time, base instincts are awakened, sudden aggressiveness appears. With a blood alcohol concentration of 0.3 percent, a person, although he is conscious, does not understand what he sees and hears. This state is called alcoholic stupefaction.

Systematic, excessive alcohol consumption can cause zheloe disease - alcoholism.

Alcoholism is the regular, compulsive consumption of large amounts of alcohol over a long period of time. Let's take a look at what alcohol can do to our body.

Blood. Alcohol inhibits the production of platelets, as well as white and red blood cells. Outcome: anemia, infections, bleeding.

Brain. Alcohol slows down blood circulation in the vessels of the brain, leading to constant oxygen starvation of its cells, resulting in memory loss and slow mental degradation. Early sclerotic changes develop in the vessels, and the risk of cerebral hemorrhage increases.

Heart. Alcohol abuse causes an increase in the level of cholesterol in the blood, persistent hypertension and myocardial dystrophy. Cardiovascular insufficiency puts the patient on the brink of the grave. Alcoholic myopathy: muscle degeneration as a result of alcoholism. The reasons for this are not using the muscles, poor diet and alcohol damage to the nervous system. In alcoholic cardiomyopathy, the heart muscle is affected.

Intestines. The constant effect of alcohol on the wall of the small intestine leads to a change in the structure of cells, and they lose their ability to fully absorb nutrients and mineral components, which ends with the depletion of the alcoholic's body. Constant inflammation of the stomach and later the intestines causes ulcers of the digestive organs.

Liver. This organ suffers from alcohol the most: an inflammatory process (hepatitis) occurs, and then cicatricial degeneration (cirrhosis). The liver ceases to perform its function of decontaminating toxic metabolic products, producing blood proteins and other important functions, which leads to the inevitable death of the patient. Cirrhosis is an insidious disease: it slowly creeps up on a person, and then beats, and immediately to death. The cause of the disease is the toxic effects of alcohol.

Pancreas. Alcoholic patients are 10 times more likely to develop diabetes than non-drinkers: alcohol destroys the pancreas, the organ that produces insulin, and profoundly perverts metabolism.

Leather. A drunk person almost always looks older than his years: his skin very soon loses its elasticity and ages prematurely.

3. Addiction

A drug is any chemical compound that affects the functioning of the body. Drug addiction (this word was formed from the Greek. narkz numbness, sleep + mania madness, passion, attraction) are chronic diseases caused by the abuse of medicinal or non-drug drugs. This is dependence on intoxicating substances, a state of mental and physical dependence on an intoxicating substance that acts on the central nervous system, changes tolerance to a drug with a tendency to increase doses and develop physical dependence.

It may seem that drugs appeared not so long ago, which is associated with the development of chemistry, medicine and other sciences, as well as with rapid scientific and technological progress. However, it is not. Drugs have been known to people for thousands of years. They were consumed by people of different cultures and for different purposes: during religious rites, to restore strength, to change consciousness, to relieve pain and discomfort. Already in the pre-literate period, we have evidence that people knew and used psychoactive chemicals: alcohol and plants, the consumption of which affects consciousness. Archaeological studies have shown that already in 6400 BC. people knew beer and some other alcoholic drinks. Obviously, fermentation processes were discovered by chance (grape wine, by the way, appeared only in the 4th-3rd centuries BC). The first written evidence of the use of intoxicants is the story of Noah's drunkenness from the Book of Genesis. Various plants were also used, causing physiological and mental changes, usually in religious rites or during medical procedures.

Until the beginning of the 20th century, there were practically no restrictions on the production and consumption of drugs. Attempts have sometimes been made to reduce or even ban the use of certain substances, but these have been short-lived and generally unsuccessful. For example, tobacco, coffee and tea were initially met with hostility by Europe. The first European who smoked tobacco - Columbus' companion Rodrigo de Jerez - upon arrival in Spain was imprisoned, as the authorities decided that he was possessed by the devil. There have been several attempts to outlaw coffee and tea. There are also cases when the state did not prohibit drugs, but, on the contrary, contributed to the prosperity of their trade. The best example is the armed conflicts between Great Britain and China in the middle of the 19th century. They are called the Opium Wars because English merchants brought opium into China. By the middle of the 19th century, several million Chinese were addicted to opium. At this time, China certainly came out on top in the world in the consumption of opium, most of which was grown in India and smuggled into the country by the British. The Chinese government passed many laws to control the import of opium, but none of them had the desired effect.

It doesn't take long for people to become drug addicts. Much depends on the individual characteristics of the person taking the drugs. In some cases, addiction to herbal and chemical preparations occurs, almost the first time, while in others it takes weeks, months and even years. There are a variety of judgments about the typology of the personality of drug users, each of which has the right to independent existence. Below are the conclusions of one of the theories of the identity of drug users, the founders of which are E.A. Babayan and A.N. Sergeev. The category of people under consideration includes five conditional groups, including:

1. Experimenters. The largest population of all five groups. It includes people who did not return to this harmful occupation after the first acquaintance with drugs.

2. Occasional consumers. These include mainly those who resort to drugs due to circumstances. For example, in a dubious company, a young man, fearing to be branded as a “black sheep”, boldly rolls up his shirt sleeve for heroin injection. Outside of these or other circumstances, these people do not have a desire to take drugs.

3. Systematic consumers. They take drugs according to a certain pattern. For example, on your birthday, on the occasion of achieving a significant result in your work, once a quarter, etc. It is naively believed that this self-deception will remain without any negative consequences for the psyche and physiology.

4. Regular customers. Consistently formed from the first three groups. Often, they are psychologically addicted to drugs and already because of this they are forced to take drugs not only on the occasion of a “significant event”, but because of the formation of a habit.

5. Patients with drug addiction. The last group is a natural result of taking drugs without a doctor's prescription. Individuals included in it are often dependent on drugs not only mentally, but also physically. According to some estimates, up to 0.5 million people can be classified as drug addicts in Russia.

The first four groups are so-called behavioral and require primarily educational measures, but the fifth group really needs not only qualified treatment, but also social rehabilitation.

As can be seen from the outpatient charts of underage drug users, 11.4% of children have experience of using intoxicating substances for less than 1 year, 46.7% from 1 to 2 years, and from 3 to 5 years - 36.3%, over 5 years - within 1% of adolescents. The average duration of non-medical drug use is 2.3 years. Five years ago, this indicator did not exceed 0.6-1.5 years, and ten years ago it was measured in days, or even hours. The weighted average time interval between the onset of drug use and registration at a drug addiction dispensary is 1.2 years (previously - 0.3-0.5 years).

The change in the way drugs are taken is that intravenous drug use is becoming more widespread among children. This trend has particularly affected neglected youth.

For the sake of clarity, let's consider two groups of drug users - students of schools who are not under the supervision of a narcologist, but who have experience in non-medical administration of drugs, and already established patients of a narcological dispensary.

From the table below, one can trace the qualitative difference between both groups of drug users.

It lies in the commitment of schoolchildren to smoking cannabis derivatives, while neglected teenagers who have become the objects of attention of narcologists use a syringe much more often, inhale toxic substances and cocaine (by 15.5 and 5.2 times, respectively).

Table 1. Modes of drug use among adolescents

The above information shows that the regularity of the gradual and inevitable transition of minors from the use of so-called "soft" drugs to "hard" or "hard" drugs acquires characteristics accelerated in time.

When we talk about drug addiction and the study of the pathogenesis of these diseases, we must clearly understand that this disease is very complex.

The influence of drugs can be divided into three groups:

The first group - influence on certain structures of the brain, causing the development of addiction syndrome;

The second is that drugs have a lot of toxic effects on almost all organs and systems: the heart, liver, stomach, brain, etc.

And, finally, the third group, which we consider very important, is the effect on offspring. It has now been proven that children born to parents with drug addiction have an increased biological risk of drug addiction, and most of them show all kinds of behavioral changes: aggressiveness, irritability, psychopathy, depression. In addition, drug use leads to the birth of a child with an addiction syndrome.

More and more evidence is accumulating that parental drug abuse has some effect on offspring, and not even for one generation. This is a very important question. For example, “fetal drug syndrome” is a disease that occurs when a mother during pregnancy uses drugs that act directly on the fetus. This organic pathology of the brain can be expressed to varying degrees: certain characteristic changes in the skull, dementia, etc. In addition, functional changes in the nervous system (hyperexcitability, emotional instability to depressive reactions, etc.) are widespread in these children. In Lvov, a survey was conducted of children born to drug-addicted fathers and mothers. These children were divided into two age groups: one included children under 25 years old, the other - over 25 years old.

Children of the 1st group, born to fathers of drug addicts, were found to have neurotic reactions (33%), attention deficit (19%), bedwetting (9%), mental retardation (10%), somatic pathology (38%). Only 25% were healthy. There were 75% of children with some or other deviations (Table 2).

Table 2. Frequency of mental and somatic disorders in children born to parents who are drug addicts, %

Note: one child could have a combination of several signs, so their totality exceeds 100%.

The results of the examination of the children of the second group are shown in Table 2.

Table 3. Frequency of psychopathology in adult children born to parents with drug addiction, %

adult children	Psychopathology
alcoholism	substance abuse	depression	psychopathy	suicide attempts	addiction

Note: One and the same person could have several diseases, so their sum exceeds 100%.

4. Radiation

The fact that radiation has a detrimental effect on human health is no longer a secret to anyone. When radioactive radiation passes through the human body, or when contaminated substances enter the body, the energy of waves and particles is transferred to our tissues, and from them to cells. As a result, the atoms and molecules that make up the body become excited, which leads to disruption of their activity and even death. It all depends on the dose of radiation received, the state of human health and the duration of exposure.

For ionizing radiation there are no barriers in the body, so any molecule can be exposed to radioactive effects, the consequences of which can be very diverse. The excitation of individual atoms can lead to the transformation of some substances into others, cause biochemical changes, genetic disorders, etc. Proteins or fats that are vital for normal cellular activity may be affected. Thus, radiation affects the body at the micro level, causing damage that is not immediately noticeable, but manifests itself after many years. The defeat of certain groups of proteins in the cell can cause cancer, as well as genetic mutations that are transmitted through several generations. The impact of low doses of radiation is very difficult to detect, because the effect of this manifests itself after decades.

Table 4

The value of the absorbed dose, rad	Degree of impact on a person
10000 rad (100 Gr.)	Lethal dose, death occurs after a few hours or days from damage to the central nervous system.
1000 - 5000 rad (10-50 Gr.)	A lethal dose, death occurs in one to two weeks from internal bleeding (cell membranes become thinner), mainly in the gastrointestinal tract.
300-500 rad (3-5 Gr.)	A lethal dose, half of those irradiated die within one to two months from damage to bone marrow cells.
150-200 rad (1.5-2 Gr.)	Primary radiation sickness (sclerotic process, changes in the reproductive system, cataracts, immune diseases, cancer). The severity and symptoms depend on the dose of radiation and its type.
100 rad (1 Gy)	Brief sterilization: loss of the ability to have offspring.
	Irradiation with x-ray of the stomach (local).
25 rad (0.25 Gr.)	A dose of justifiable risk in an emergency.
10 rad (0.1 Gr.)	The probability of mutation increases by 2 times.
	Irradiation with x-rays of teeth.
2 rad (0.02 Gy) per year	Radiation dose received by personnel working with a source of ionizing radiation.
0.2 rad (0.002 Gy or 200 millirad) per year	The dose of radiation received by employees of industrial enterprises, objects of radiation and nuclear technologies.
0.1 rad (0.001 Gy) per year	Radiation dose received by the average Russian.
0.1-0.2 rad per year	Natural radiation background of the Earth.
84 microrad/hour	Airplane flight at an altitude of 8 km.
1 microrad	Watching one hockey game on TV.

The harm of radioactive elements and the effect of radiation on the human body is actively studied by scientists around the world. It has been proven that daily emissions from nuclear power plants contain the radionuclide "Caesium-137", which, when ingested, causes sarcoma (a type of cancer), "Strontium-90" replaces calcium in bones and breast milk, which leads to leukemia (blood cancer) , bone and breast cancer. And even small doses of exposure to Krypton-85 significantly increase the likelihood of developing skin cancer.

Scientists note that people living in large cities are most exposed to radiation, because in addition to the natural background radiation, building materials, food, air, and contaminated objects also affect them. Constant excess over the natural radiation background leads to early aging, weakening of vision and the immune system, excessive psychological excitability, hypertension and the development of anomalies in children.

Even the smallest doses of radiation cause irreversible genetic changes that are passed down from generation to generation, leading to the development of Down syndrome, epilepsy, and the appearance of other defects in mental and physical development. It is especially scary that both food and household items are exposed to radiation contamination. Recently, cases of seizure of counterfeit and low-quality products, which are a powerful source of ionizing radiation, have become more frequent. Even children's toys are made radioactive! What kind of health of the nation can we talk about?!

A large amount of information has been obtained in the analysis of the results of the use of radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer. Many years of experience have allowed physicians to obtain extensive information about the response of human tissues to radiation. This reaction for different organs and tissues turned out to be unequal, and the differences are very large. Most organs have time to heal radiation damage to one degree or another and therefore tolerate a series of small doses better than the same total dose of radiation received at one time.

The red bone marrow and other elements of the hematopoietic system are most vulnerable to radiation. Fortunately, they also have a remarkable ability to regenerate, and if the radiation dose is not so high as to cause damage to all cells, the hematopoietic system can fully restore its functions. If, however, not the whole body, but some part of it, was exposed to radiation, then the surviving brain cells are enough to completely replace the damaged cells.

The reproductive organs and eyes are also highly sensitive to radiation. A single irradiation of the testes at a minimum dose leads to temporary sterility of men, and a slightly higher dose is enough to lead to permanent sterility: only after many years can the testes again produce full-fledged sperm. Apparently, the testes are the only exception to the general rule: the total dose of radiation received in several doses is more dangerous for them, and not less than the same dose received at one time. The ovaries are much less sensitive to the effects of radiation, at least in adult women.

For the eye, the most vulnerable part is the lens. Dead cells become opaque, and the growth of cloudy areas leads first to cataracts, and then to complete blindness. The higher the dose, the greater the loss of vision.

Children are also extremely sensitive to the effects of radiation. Relatively small doses of irradiation of cartilage tissue can slow down or completely stop their bone growth, which leads to abnormalities in the development of the skeleton. The younger the child, the more bone growth is inhibited. It also turned out that irradiating a child's brain during radiation therapy can cause changes in his character, lead to memory loss, and in very young children even to dementia and idiocy. The bones and brain of an adult are capable of withstanding much higher doses.

The fetal brain is also extremely sensitive to the effects of radiation, especially if the mother is exposed to radiation between the eighth and fifteenth weeks of pregnancy. During this period, the cerebral cortex forms in the fetus, and there is a high risk that a mentally retarded child will be born as a result of maternal exposure (for example, X-rays). About 30 children exposed in utero during the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki suffered in this way. Although the individual risk is great and the consequences particularly distressing, the number of women in this stage of pregnancy at any given time is only a small fraction of the total population. This is, however, the most serious effect of all the known effects of irradiation of the human fetus, although many other serious consequences have been found after irradiation of animal embryos during their intrauterine development, including malformations, underdevelopment and death.

Most adult tissues are relatively insensitive to the action of radiation. Kidneys, liver, bladder, mature cartilage tissue are the most radiation-resistant organs. The lungs - an extremely complex organ - are much more vulnerable, and in the blood vessels, slight but possibly significant changes can occur already at relatively small doses.

The study of the genetic consequences of radiation exposure is even more difficult than in the case of cancer. First, little is known about what damage occurs in the human genetic apparatus during irradiation; secondly, the full identification of all hereditary defects occurs only over many generations; and thirdly, as in the case of cancer, these defects cannot be distinguished from those which have arisen from other causes.

Approximately 10% of all living newborns have some form of genetic defect, ranging from mild physical defects such as color blindness to severe conditions such as Down's syndrome, Huntington's chorea, and various malformations. Many of the embryos and fetuses with severe hereditary disorders do not survive to birth; according to available data, about half of all cases of spontaneous abortion are associated with abnormalities in the genetic material. But even if children with hereditary defects are born alive, they are five times less likely to survive to their first birthday than normal children.

Genetic disorders can be classified into two main types: chromosomal aberrations, involving changes in the number or structure of chromosomes, and mutations in the genes themselves. Gene mutations are further subdivided into dominant (which appear immediately in the first generation) and recessive (which can only appear if the same gene is mutated in both parents; such mutations may not appear for many generations or not be detected at all. ). Both types of anomalies may lead to hereditary diseases in subsequent generations, or may not appear at all.

Among more than 27,000 children whose parents received relatively high doses during the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, only two probable mutations were found, and among about the same number of children whose parents received lower doses, not a single such case was noted. Among children whose parents were irradiated as a result of the atomic bomb explosion, there was also no statistically significant increase in the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities. While some surveys have concluded that exposed parents are more likely to have a child with Down syndrome, other studies do not support this.

5. The influence of chemical elements on human health

Global air pollution is accompanied by a deterioration in the health of the population. At the same time, the problem of quantifying the impact of these pollutions has not yet been finally resolved. For the most part, the negative impact is mediated through food chains, since the bulk of pollution falls on the surface of the earth (solids) or is washed out of the atmosphere with the help of precipitation. Except in emergencies, changes in health status can be difficult to link to a specific xenobiotic released into the air. In addition to the etiological factor, the scale of damage to people is significantly influenced by meteorological conditions that contribute to or hinder the dispersion of harmful substances.

Chronic poisonings are quite common, but they are rarely recorded. A statistically significant dependence on atmospheric air pollution has been established for bronchitis, gradually turning into such a complex disease as bronchial asthma, pneumonia, pulmonary emphysema, as well as for acute respiratory diseases. Air pollution affects the body's resistance, which is manifested in the growth of infectious diseases. There is good evidence of the effect of pollution on the duration of disease. Thus, a respiratory disease in children living in contaminated areas lasts 2-2.5 times longer than in children living in relatively clean areas. Numerous studies conducted in recent years indicate that children living in areas with a high level of air pollution have a low level of physical development, which is often assessed as disharmonious. The observed lag of the level of biological development from the passport age indicates a very unfavorable effect of air pollution on the health of the younger generation. To the greatest extent, atmospheric air pollution affects health indicators in urban centers, in particular in cities with a developed metallurgical, processing and coal industry. The territory of such cities is affected by both non-specific pollutants (dust, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, soot, nitrogen dioxide) and specific ones (fluorine, phenol, metals, etc.). Moreover, non-specific pollutants account for over 95% of the total volume of atmospheric air pollution.

The danger of the influence of polluted atmospheric air on the health of the population is caused by the objective action of the following factors:

1) A variety of pollution. It is believed that a person living in an industrial area could potentially be exposed to several hundred thousand chemicals. Typically, a limited number of chemicals are actually present in a given area at relatively high concentrations. However, the combined action of atmospheric pollutants can lead to an increase in their toxic effects.

2) The possibility of a massive impact, since breathing is continuous and a person inhales up to 20 thousand liters of air per day. Even insignificant concentrations of chemicals with such a volume of breathing can lead to a toxically significant intake of harmful substances into the body.

3) Direct access of pollutants to the internal environment of the body. The lungs have a surface of about 100 m2, the air during breathing comes into almost direct contact with the blood, in which almost everything that is present in the air dissolves. From the lungs, blood enters the systemic circulation, bypassing such a detoxification barrier as the liver. It has been established that the poison received by inhalation often acts 80-100 times stronger than when it enters through the gastrointestinal tract.

4) Difficulty of protection against xenobiotics. A person who refuses to eat contaminated food or poor-quality water cannot but breathe polluted air. At the same time, the pollutant acts on all groups of the population around the clock.

In all areas with high levels of atmospheric air pollution, the incidence as one of the health indicators is higher than in relatively clean areas. So, in the Dorogobuzh district of the Smolensk region, in the body of children and women who do not have professional loads, an accumulation of elements contained in the emissions of the Dorogobuzh industrial hub (chromium, nickel, titanium, copper, aluminum) was noted. As a result, the incidence of respiratory diseases in children was 1.8 times and neurological diseases 1.9 times higher than in a relatively clean area.

In Togliatti, children living in the area affected by emissions from the Northern Industrial Hub were 2.4–8.8 times more likely to suffer from upper respiratory tract diseases and bronchial asthma than children living in a relatively clean area.

In Saransk, the population living in the area adjacent to the antibiotic production plant has a specific allergization of the body to antibiotics and candidal antigen.

In the cities of the Chelyabinsk region, where more than 80% of emissions are caused by ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, there is an increased incidence of diseases of the endocrine system, blood, respiratory organs in children and adults, as well as congenital anomalies in children and adults, complications of pregnancy and childbirth, skin diseases and malignant neoplasms.

In rural areas of the Rostov region, in areas with high pesticide loads (up to 20 kg/ha), the prevalence of circulatory diseases in children increased by 113%, bronchial asthma - by 95% and congenital anomalies - by 55%.

The most important sources of chemical pollution of the environment in Russia are industrial enterprises, motor transport, thermal and nuclear power plants. In cities, a significant contribution to environmental pollution is also made by poorly utilized municipal waste, and in rural areas - pesticides and mineral fertilizers, polluted effluents from livestock complexes.

Atmospheric pollution primarily affects the body's resistance, the decrease of which results in increased morbidity, as well as other physiological changes in the body. Compared to other sources of chemical pollution (food, drinking water), atmospheric air is a particular danger, since there is no chemical barrier on its way, similar to the liver when pollutants penetrate through the gastrointestinal tract.

The main sources of soil pollution are chemical leaks, the deposition of airborne pollutants on the soil, the overuse of chemicals in agriculture, and the improper storage, storage and disposal of liquid and solid waste.

In Russia as a whole, soil pollution with pesticides is about 7.25%. The regions with the highest pollution include the soils of the North Caucasus, Primorsky Krai and the Central Black Earth regions, the regions with medium pollution - the soils of the Kurgan and Omsk regions, the Middle Volga region, the territories with low pollution - the soils of the Upper Volga region, Western Siberia, Irkutsk and Moscow regions.

Currently, almost all water bodies in Russia are subject to anthropogenic pollution. In the water of most rivers and lakes, the MAC is exceeded for at least one pollutant. According to the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia, drinking water in more than 30% of water bodies does not comply with GOST.

Pollution of water and soil, as well as air pollution, is a serious problem in Russia. Their increasing pollution with toxic chemicals such as heavy metals and dioxins, as well as nitrates and pesticides, has a direct impact on the quality of food, drinking water and, as direct effect on health.

optimal cigarette nicotine

Bibliography

"Fundamentals of Radiation Safety", V.P. Mashkovich, A.M. Panchenko.

“When a person is his own enemy” G.M. Entin.

Life safety textbook, grades 10-11, V.Ya. Syunkov Publishing house "Astrel", 2002.

"Drugs and drug addiction" N.B. Serdyukov st n / a: Phoenix, 2000. - "Panacea Series" - Ro-256s.

Journal “Fundamentals of Life Safety”. No. 10, 2002, pp. 20-26.

8. Ivanets N.N. Lectures on narcology. "Knowledge", Moscow, 2000.

9. Belogurov S.B. Popular about drugs and addictions. - 2nd ed., corrected. and additional - St. Petersburg: "Nevsky Dialect", 2000.

Hosted on Allbest.ru

How to lose weight?

There are many ways. It is necessary to normalize the diet. Nutritionists advise to eat 5-6 times a day in small portions. Easily digestible foods (boiled vegetables, fruits) should be included in the diet. It is believed that you need to drink 2 liters of water per day, but this amount of fluid loads the kidneys. Drinking 2 waters of water at a time is strictly prohibited! The recommended rate for those who want to lose weight and just keep the body in good shape is 1.2 liters per day (300 ml of pure water 4 times a day). The liquid stimulates metabolism, helps the body get rid of toxins. Jogging and moderate physical activity contribute to losing weight and improving overall well-being.

It is worth paying attention to nutritional supplements. Drops "Bee Spas" help in burning excess body fat. The drug has many reviews that confirm its effectiveness. With significant body fat and the correct use of Bee Spas, you can lose up to 10 kg in one week. Drops "Bee Spas" are safe, as they are made on the basis of plant extracts.

Caffeine has a complex antioxidant effect. This component gently affects the gastric walls, at the same time - quickly removes toxins. Caffeine is often included in nutritional supplements and creams designed to combat cellulite. In addition to the cleansing effect, this component rejuvenates cells, saturating them with oxygen and biologically active substances.
Grapefruit seed extract is another powerful ingredient. It contains vitamins and microelements that improve the physiological processes of the body. The flavonoids present in grapefruit seeds have not only a cleansing effect, but also an antimicrobial effect.
Podmor bee includes chitosan of bees. An important component of bee deadness is melatonin: this component is involved in lipid metabolism.
L-carnitine destroys excess fat cells, and also restores the balance of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.

Food supplement "Bee Spas" is taken 2 times a day before meals. For a single dose, 10 drops are required. After 2-3 days, the result will be noticeable: the metabolism is normalized, the body will be able to get rid of accumulated toxins. The result will be weight loss, as well as an improvement in moral and physical well-being.

Factors that determine physical and psychological well-being

Studies have shown that human health depends on six factors, these include:

biological characteristics of the organism (functioning of the higher nervous system, hereditary tendency to certain diseases, temperament, mental abilities);
natural phenomena (state of air, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, flora and fauna);
climate;
socio-economic environment (living conditions, financial situation);
environment (cleanliness or air pollution).
medicine (the development of this industry in a particular country, the level of qualification of doctors).

Modern scientists believe that health is 50% dependent on lifestyle. An individual's hereditary characteristics play a significant role: the physical and psychological well-being of a person is 20% dependent on genetics. Diseases or predisposition to them are often inherited. Accordingly, if a person is genetically prone to any pathology, his body is more vulnerable.

Other factors also play an important role. In the absence of morphological and functional prerequisites for diseases, one can judge about good health. If a person lives in good living conditions, favorable environmental conditions, he is less prone to disease. Working in a hazardous industry, living in a polluted atmosphere makes the body vulnerable and prone to pathological conditions.

The level of medical screening affects an individual's physical and psychological well-being. If a person regularly undergoes preventive examinations and medical care is provided in a timely manner, he has a better chance of maintaining health. Thus, measures are taken to prevent a particular disease. The lack of medical control undermines health: a person can develop a disease, the existence of which he will not guess. If you do not start early treatment, the pathology will begin to progress, which will lead to dangerous consequences. Timely preventive examination and competent therapy play an important role in maintaining physical and psychological well-being.

50-55% of health depends on our habits. A sedentary, moderately active lifestyle, dosed loads, psychological comfort help to maintain health. If a person eats well, gets enough sleep, organs and systems function smoothly. People who are constantly on the road and lack sleep are more prone to illness.

A hypodynamic lifestyle undermines physical health. In this case, a person becomes prone to pathological conditions, such as obesity, atherosclerosis, hypertension. Sports activities strengthen the immune system, they make the body hardy and resistant to pathologies. Dosed physical activity increases the tone of muscles and blood vessels, thus preventing atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart attack and a number of other diseases. Sport improves psychological well-being. Regular jogging has been found to reduce stress by 25%!

People who are constantly under stress are more prone to disease. Unfavorable work environment, psychological pressure, conflicts: all this undermines health. In addition to the above factors, health depends on our valeological literacy (valeology is the science of physical, moral and social well-being). If a person knows the basics of a healthy lifestyle, and also knows how to put them into practice, he is more likely to avoid diseases.

The influence of genes on our health

Parental chromosomes have a direct effect on the body. Why do some people get sick more often than others? Marriage is worth considering. If a person marries a distant relative, there is a high probability that an unhealthy child will be born in this family. It has been established that such children are 50 times more likely to die than those who were born from unrelated marriages. Russia is a multinational country. A rich gene pool allows you to get offspring with good genetic traits.

If the chromosomes present in germ cells, as well as the structural elements of these cells, are exposed to negative environmental factors, health suffers. The negative consequences of accidents are often reflected in the genetic material, thus, the body becomes weakened. It is important to say that the attitudes of a particular individual, his physical and psychological health largely depend on heredity.

The latter determines the dominant human needs (aspirations, abilities). Not only a disease, but also a bad habit can be transmitted by heredity. Scientists have confirmed that upbringing plays an important role in the formation of the individual, but hereditary factors are decisive. To choose a profession, a way of life, a partner for creating a family for a particular individual, you need to analyze his heredity. There are cases when the environment of life comes into conflict with the program laid down at the gene level. The result of such a "conflict" is a violation of the mechanisms of adaptation to the outside world. As a result, mental health may suffer.

A person must lead a lifestyle that would not allow contradictions between the environment and hereditary factors. Everyday life should be associated with natural preferences, in other words, you need to listen to your inner voice and, if possible, not go against yourself. Otherwise, psychological discomfort will arise, which will slowly depress the body.

Environmental impact

For millions of years, man has been adapting to nature. Initially, health depends on the energy and "whims" of nature. Atmosphere, water, landscape, biosystems, energy resources: they all affect our physical and psychological well-being. More than a hundred years ago, the scientist Chizhevsky drew attention to the energy phenomena associated with the sun. He proved that the manifestations of some cardiovascular ailments depend on the 14-year period of fluctuations in solar activity. Modern scientists claim that emotional and physical well-being depend on the phases of the moon. These phenomena predetermine the tendency to depression and pathologies that affect blood clotting. It can be concluded that health depends on solar and lunar activity.

A person who knows the patterns of changes in solar and lunar activity can calculate favorable periods for the implementation of conceived ideas. Nature is changeable: it greatly affects well-being and health. Fluctuations in atmospheric pressure lead to changes in the weather. Most people clearly react to this feature. Changes in weather conditions often disrupt general well-being (for example, a person may have high blood pressure).

How else does nature affect our health?

Every day we work and strive to protect ourselves from the "whims" of nature. During evolution, man has learned to adapt nature for himself: build houses, sew clothes, get food. Automated systems have improved life: we have reduced the use of muscle labor. Production is improving daily. For its energy supply, a person uses the same natural resources.

As progress develops, the relationship of man with nature changes, along with this, the conditions of existence change. The fact is that we need the riches of nature. We need timber, oil, sand, coal, rivers. In order not to depend on nature, it is necessary to build reservoirs and dams. Human intervention and the use of natural resources have a negative impact on the ecological situation. The development of the economy leads to pollution of nature. Technological progress has led to the fact that today pesticides, gases, fumes of chemicals enter the atmosphere. Nature, without which man cannot exist, suffers greatly.

Evolution leads to a change in the environment. The actions of people lead to extinction and disruption of the adaptive capabilities of animals. Initially, a person did not want to adapt to the laws of nature, he did everything in order to subjugate it to himself. Reservoirs were purposefully created, artificial substances were introduced into the soil that violated its properties.

Health directly depends on vegetables and fruits that we grow on "artificial" soil. Products with nitrates disrupt the activity of the gastrointestinal tract, in severe cases they lead to ulcers. In addition to this, the consumption of low-quality vegetables accelerates the aging process. Man has caused significant damage to nature, as a result, he himself has suffered. Natural resources are depleted daily. More and more harmful gases are emitted into the atmosphere. The creation of artificial sources of radioactivity leads to a violation of the ozone layer.

How does our nature suffer?

Man seeks to transform nature, but this leads to a deterioration in the conditions of existence. Violations of the natural environment today are irreversible. People, filling reservoirs and building dams, disrupt the water cycle. Forest areas should supply us with oxygen, but at the same time they are necessary for our needs. Deforestation mainly destroys the ecological situation. The body becomes more susceptible to poisons, chemicals. Forests located in Siberia and on the territory of the Amazon River are the strongest today.

A person violated the ties of biogeocenosis, because of this he himself suffered. In the modern world, pathologies of the respiratory system are common: people living in large cities are more susceptible to them. Those who live in megacities are prone to cancer. Life in the countryside is not as bad as it seems. It connects people with nature, which significantly affects their health. A person living in a polluted environment is 10 times more likely to have asthma and 3 times more likely to have mental illness. Changing habits has reduced life expectancy by 40 years.

Technological processes spoil the environment and pollute the air. In the air of the metropolis there are 350 carcinogens, different in structure. Almost every one of them has a pathogenic effect on cells. So that a person could save natural resources and properly dispose of them, the science of "Ecology" was created. The purpose of this science is to convey to man the idea that he is part of nature. Ecology teaches to take care of the gifts of nature. If you develop long-term socio-economic programs, improve environmental and valeological literacy, develop a sense of responsibility for yourself and others, you can improve the quality of health and prolong human life on earth.

The role of medical support

Modern medicine is well developed, but medical care does not always meet our needs. Initially, medicine was developed for the treatment and prevention of ailments. With the development of civilization, science has changed its goals. Today, like a couple of centuries ago, it focuses on treatment. Doctors pay little attention to health. Scientists and philosophers have argued that medicine and health are diametrically opposed concepts. If doctors, according to a certain “template”, provide quality medical care, this does not mean that the population will be healthy.

Doctors suggest how to be treated correctly, few people talk about how to ensure the prevention of a particular disease. Infectious pathologies are common by 10%. People often suffer from non-communicable somatic diseases. Functional mental disorders, alcoholism, drug addiction are widespread. A serious threat to health are: hypertension, atherosclerosis, HIV infection, metabolic disorders, mental disorders, malignant tumors. Modern medicine does not have methods for the prevention of these ailments. The medieval philosopher Bacon wrote that medicine should preserve health, and this is its first duty, the second duty is to treat diseases.

What is wrong with medicine?

Little attention is paid to prevention, doctors practically do not talk about it. About 80% of people are in a pre-morbid state, and if they do not know how to prevent an illness, doctors will not tell about it. Humanity needs educational work, the purpose of which should be to convey preventive measures. It is necessary to know more about the physiological capabilities of the body and measures that help prevent disease. The population needs to discover the theory of health.

The doctor should remember that a person is not a set of organs, but an integral system. In addition to organs, we have a soul that also needs to be taken care of. Stable psychological problems, at times, lead to diseases, respectively, one of the preventive measures is the prevention of stress. Most doctors do not understand the concept of "Health" as deeply as necessary, but only focus on the recommended norms.

The purpose of official medicine is to improve the body. However, it is important to look for the root cause of the disease and do everything to eliminate it. The doctor must work closely with the population. There are many people who do not show signs of the disease, but during a preventive examination, violations are detected and treatment is prescribed. The physician does not know the psychological and pedagogical aspects that would allow for effective educational work aimed at the prevention of pathologies. Hygienists are somewhat different from "doctors" in the broadest sense, they have the opportunity to implement the idea of primary prevention.

Therapeutic activity of medicine is different. The sages of the old days believed that the doctor has 3 medicines. The first is the word. When the doctor voices the cause of the disease, a person can eliminate it and recover. The second medicine is medicine. If the cause of the disease is unknown or unexplored, medications are recommended to relieve symptoms. The third medicine is a knife. If conservative therapy fails, a surgical procedure is indicated. The cause of the disease during surgery can be eliminated.

Physicians who lived during the Middle Ages emphasized that the main task of medicine should be to eliminate the cause of the disease. If you seek temporary relief, there will be no stable result. The disease will be driven into a dead end. Improper therapy leads to the fact that the disease becomes chronic. If the doctor does not know the healing methodology, which is based on the adaptive capabilities of the body, he is not able to fully understand what health is.

It is important to comprehensively heal the body, ensuring the prevention of not only the main diseases, but also related ones. Medicines designed to eliminate symptoms create an imaginary effect of recovery. Achieving health must be a strategic approach. To correctly cure the disease, you need to identify its cause, in the future - to take measures for prevention. The consequences of treatment tactics should be taken into account. To control your own health, you need to master the tactics of self-healing.

Introduction to a healthy lifestyle

A modern person understands that a health worker will not protect against diseases, but will only provide assistance when a particular symptom appears. Today, more and more people are interested in a healthy lifestyle. Among them are doctors and people without medical education. The development of pathologies is often associated with an unhealthy lifestyle. In fact, healthy lifestyle is one of the best preventive measures. America, unlike our country, joins a healthy lifestyle. In recent years, the death rate in this country has decreased, while life expectancy has increased. If you improve your lifestyle on your own, you can ensure the prevention of physical and psychological disorders. Statistics show that the death rate is increasing in Russia; about 80% of men and 50% of women lead an unhealthy lifestyle.

The concept of "healthy lifestyle"

It includes a set of biological and social aspects necessary for the full life of a person. The goal of a healthy lifestyle is to improve health, ensure competent disease prevention, achieve moral well-being and, ultimately, prolong life. A healthy lifestyle is also a model of behavior based on established sanitary and hygienic standards. If we analyze all the definitions of a healthy lifestyle, we can establish that they are based on a genetic factor. A healthy lifestyle should correspond to the characteristics of the body and the conditions in which it is used to being.

Before determining a healthy lifestyle for a particular person, it is necessary to analyze typological aspects. It is important to understand the mechanisms of adaptation of a particular organism. In determining a healthy lifestyle for an individual, gender, the social environment familiar to him, plays a role. A healthy lifestyle is a set of factors and norms that help maintain moral and physical well-being.

physical activity;
good nutrition (consumption of products with natural vitamins and useful microelements);
rejection of bad habits;
valeological literacy.

mental health

It is an integral part of psychological well-being. As mentioned above, the body is an integral system consisting of interconnected elements. These elements are controlled by the nervous system. Physical health depends on our moral well-being. Frequent stress affects the condition of the skin and internal organs. Mental health is different for everyone. The so-called "mental illnesses" affect people with a weak, unstable psyche. Normally, mental health should correspond to age. A person with good mental health is able to perform tasks in specific areas of life.

The mind of a child is formed in the womb. The health of the unborn child depends on how a woman feels during pregnancy. Mental illnesses, unlike physical ones, are not easy to define. The line between health and mental illness is almost blurred. If a person gets very tired when doing mental work, he may be overtired. Everyone has a different level of ability to work, in connection with this, it takes a different amount of time to complete the same tasks.

To establish a psychosomatic disorder, you need to comprehensively examine the body. When making a diagnosis, the opinion of a neurologist, psychologist and psychiatrist is taken into account. A person must independently control health, moreover, regardless of external factors. Prevention of psychological ailments is a full sleep, dosed mental stress, an active lifestyle. It is important that the body rests in time from work. An indicator of mental health is mental activity. It is characterized by the level of attention, memory. If a person has good working capacity, then it can be assumed that he is mentally healthy.

The manifestation of mental disorders

Decreased performance levels often indicate mental health problems. In this case, a person cannot concentrate on anything, mental abilities and memory deteriorate. Against the background of overwork, apathy often occurs: a person can withdraw into himself, trying to get away from pressing matters. There are cases when a decrease in efficiency is combined with vegetative disorders. Then there are physical symptoms: increased heart rate, headache, increased sweating.

Depending on the nature of the psychological and physical disorder, a person may feel pain in the gastrointestinal tract and heart. A sign of overwork is fear, in extreme cases there is panic. It is important to say that the psyche is unique and changeable. If you know its features, you can build a productive educational and educational program. Thanks to this program, a person will achieve moral well-being. It is necessary to control the psyche in an organized manner, to do everything so that it develops in the right direction.

With the participation of the psyche, we achieve achievements that demonstrate our success and, perhaps, superiority. If we consider the psyche of the child, the family plays an important role in its formation. The well-being of the child and his moral health depend on the psychological situation in the family circle. If the baby feels significant, he develops good mental health. It should also be taken into account that moral well-being depends on genetic characteristics.

The formation of the psyche in a student

A child of school age must learn the individual typological features of the psyche. The disadvantage of modern education is that the teacher uses generally accepted norms and schemes, while not taking into account the gender and temperament of the student. The curriculum is designed for the average child, which is fundamentally wrong. When a teacher gives a test in an exact discipline, he realizes that a student who completes more tasks will get a higher mark. However, it never occurs to anyone to set tasks taking into account the temperament of the child.

For example, a choleric person will strive to complete more tasks. A phlegmatic child will begin to get lost and confused due to time constraints, as a result, he may just get nervous and quit the test. Due to the wrong learning model, some children think that in order to achieve the goal, they need to prepare once, and the rest of the time should not be devoted to studying. Others believe that training is in vain and it will not lead to success anyway.

In physical education, too, there are nuances. Physical exercises in the school curriculum are designed for the average student, although children differ in height, weight, endurance. One child can easily perform the tasks assigned to him, since he has a strong physique by nature, the other is not able to cope with the task. It may seem to the child that the specific goals that education defines are unattainable. It is wrong to drive a student to a certain standard. Girls are prone to humanitarian activities, boys want to assert themselves, so they strive to learn the exact sciences. The school curriculum does not take into account these features.

The mistake is made by teachers and parents who compare children. A child's self-esteem can be seriously affected, resulting in an inferiority complex. If a child is smart, he may become conceited and think that everything in his life will work out without studying. Ideal training should be designed taking into account the physiological characteristics of children. If a child is better today than yesterday, his score should be higher. Such an approach could develop motivational abilities and a craving for learning new things. As we can see, mental health is formed in childhood.

The importance of sleep in human life

Sleep is one of the determinants of health. It has been established that a person spends more than a third of his life in a dream. It is impossible to live without this essential function. In ancient China, there was an unusual torture: people who committed a malicious act were punished with sleep deprivation. The criminals did not survive. Sleep regulates the activity of the body: this process improves mental activity, restores the functioning of internal organs, improves skin condition, and ensures the prevention of neurotic diseases. When a person is in a dream, metabolic reactions decrease, muscles relax, and anabolism processes begin to activate. Such reactions are useful for the body: they help a person recover from hard physical or mental labor.

The scientist Pavlov believed that sleep is not just rest, but some kind of body activity. In sleep, the brain works differently. He analyzes and processes the information he received during the week, month, year. Good sleep helps to get rid of unnecessary information. This physiological process helps to normalize the neuropsychic state. Distinguish between slow and fast sleep. The slow one lasts from an hour to one and a half, the fast one - from 10 to 20 minutes on average. REM sleep is productive: it involves the deep structures of the brain. REM sleep is essential for children.

As the body matures, non-REM sleep becomes longer. Scientists have done a lot of research on which sleep is more important, fast or slow. It was not possible to find a general solution. If we talk about a full-fledged sleep, then it should be continuous, and the fast phase should go on a par with the slow one. Thus, the body will recover after a busy day. Sleep cannot be shortened. If a person regularly experiences lack of sleep, he becomes predisposed to illness.

Dreams appear in the phase of REM and non-REM sleep. Those that are characteristic of REM sleep are bright and realistic. A person can see incredible stories, fragments from his fantasy. Sigmund Freud said that dreams are the language of humanity. He associated fragments of dreams with unconscious addictions. According to Freud, if a person solves any important tasks in a dream, then in real life something is holding him back, there are restrictions. In a dream, everything is allowed.

Dreams depend on the psychophysiological state of the person. They are also determined by habits, lifestyle. Experts believe that dream books do not carry practical meaning. What is the sleep rate? We used to think that it is somewhere between 7 and 9 hours. In fact, the rate of sleep depends on the physiology of a particular organism. Not the last role is played by the nature of the previous activity and the age of the person.

The importance of good sleep

Uninterrupted sleep helps to recover after a hard day. If a person gets enough sleep, the brain will productively process information, memory reserves will be released, concentration of attention will improve. It is recommended to go to bed at the same time, then there will be no problems with sleep. Knowledge workers need to sleep long hours, it is highly undesirable for them to work at night.

Stable lack of sleep is dangerous to health and can lead to pathologies. The amount of sleep you need to consider based on who you are, "owl" or "lark". Before going to bed, you should not eat, drink coffee. You need to relieve yourself mentally and physically. It is recommended to stop watching heavy TV shows. The body needs to prepare for sleep. If you ignore such rules, sleep will worsen, and this will affect your health.

You need to fall asleep in a calm environment. You can go for a walk in the evening. If you can't sleep at night, it's still best to wait until night. Daytime sleep is considered harmful if it lasts more than 30 minutes. Some people take a nap during the day: this helps to gain strength for further work. A short nap helps relieve stress. It is desirable to choose a firm mattress, if necessary, wear fabric glasses.

What are biorhythms?

Physical and psychological well-being depend on biorhythms. These are the mechanisms of nature that subjugate man, nature and the cosmos. All living beings are subject to biological clocks. These hours are cyclical. The body develops in the conditions of the change of day and night, as well as the alternation of the seasons. Biorhythm is the principle of all living things, it is the regulator of our activity. Biorhythms consist of biological processes having period, frequency, rhythm, phase and amplitude. Biorhythm cycles are divided into high-frequency cycles with a maximum duration of 30 minutes, medium-frequency cycles of 5-24 hours, and low-frequency ones, lasting from 7 days to a year.

The one and a half hour biorhythm is responsible for the alternation of neuronal activity of the brain. A person, as a rule, does not notice that during the day mental activity changes. The one and a half hour rhythm predetermines brain activity during sleep. The results of studies have shown that every one and a half hours a person's excitability changes (increases and decreases). For example, we may lose our mood or begin to worry, regardless of external circumstances. The circadian rhythm lasts 24 hours. It manifests itself in wakefulness and sleep. The monthly rhythm characterizes changes in a woman's body. The annual rhythm is a change in health and well-being during the year.

Hormone levels fluctuate with the seasons. In spring and summer, a person becomes more enduring than in winter or autumn. The eyes show maximum photosensitivity in June. Twelve-year and twenty-two-year biorhythms are associated with meteorological features. Biorhythms also formed with the development of society. Our consciousness has adapted to the fact that 5 or 6 days of the week are labor days. It has been established that with the onset of the weekend, the working capacity decreases.

In conclusion, we note that health depends on many factors. Mental well-being is formed in childhood and depends on heredity, upbringing, habits, preferences of the child. The tendency to disease is genetically determined, and it can also develop under the influence of adverse factors. Proper nutrition, dosed physical activity and compliance with other ZOSh rules will help keep the body in good shape and ensure the prevention of diseases.

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Today, environmental problems have arisen on our planet, food cannot give the body all the necessary nutrients, it contains many harmful components, many have weakened immunity, sick children are born - a natural result of a breakdown in communication with the outside world.

The factors that affect the health of each person can be listed:

1. Nutrition;

3. Lifestyle;

4. Heredity;

5. Medicine;

The World Health Organization claims that the environment affects human health by 20%, heredity - by 10%, medicine is also only 10%.

Prevention. Medical prevention. Kinds.

PREVENTION - a complex of state, social. And medical measures aimed at preserving and strengthening the health of citizens, raising a healthy young generation, and increasing working longevity.

MED.PROPHYLAXIKA - a set of measures aimed at eliminating the causes and conditions that give rise to the disease.

1. Primary (radical) is aimed at eliminating the causes of the disease by improving working and living conditions. Primary prevention includes socio-economic measures of the state to improve the lifestyle, environment, education, etc. Preventive activities are mandatory for all medical workers. It is no coincidence that polyclinics, hospitals, dispensaries, maternity hospitals are called medical and preventive institutions.

2. Secondary to be carried out among apparently healthy citizens in order to determine premorbid conditions in people with an increased risk of developing the disease. It is aimed at increasing the resistance of the organism (medical-prophylactic nutrition, means of individual protection. The most effective method of secondary prevention is clinical examination as a comprehensive method for early detection of diseases, dynamic monitoring, targeted treatment, and rational consistent recovery.

3. Tertiary (rehabilitation) is aimed at preventing complications, relapses of already developed diseases, the transition of diseases to a chronic form. Creating a system for preventing diseases and eliminating risk factors is the most important socio-economic and medical task of the state. Allocate individual and social prevention. Tertiary prevention aims at social (formation of confidence in one's own social suitability), labor (the possibility of restoring work skills), psychological (restoration of the behavioral activity of the individual) and medical (restoration of the functions of organs and systems) rehabilitation.

Prevention (other Greek prophylaktikos - protective)- a complex of various kinds of measures aimed at preventing a phenomenon and / or eliminating risk factors.

Preventive measures are the most important component of the healthcare system, aimed at creating medical and social activity among the population and motivation for a healthy lifestyle.

Types of prevention

Depending on the state of health, the presence of risk factors for the disease or severe pathology, three types of prevention can be considered.

Primary prevention- a system of measures to prevent the occurrence and impact of risk factors for the development of diseases (vaccination, a rational regime of work and rest, rational high-quality nutrition, physical activity, environmental protection, etc.). A number of primary prevention activities can be carried out nationwide.

Secondary prevention- a set of measures aimed at eliminating pronounced risk factors that, under certain conditions (stress, weakened immunity, excessive stress on any other functional systems of the body) can lead to the onset, exacerbation and relapse of the disease. The most effective method of secondary prevention is prophylactic medical examination as a complex method of early detection of diseases, dynamic monitoring, targeted treatment, rational consistent recovery.

Some experts suggest the term tertiary prevention as a set of measures for the rehabilitation of patients who have lost the possibility of a full life. Tertiary prevention aims at social (formation of confidence in one's own social suitability), labor (the possibility of restoring work skills), psychological (restoration of behavioral activity) and medical (restoration of the functions of organs and body systems) rehabilitation.

Environmental and health factors. risk factor. Definition, classification.

Under the environment, modern medical science understands the totality of everything that surrounds a person in everyday life and directly or indirectly affects his health and the conditions of this life. In the broadest sense of the term "Environment" (OS), it includes our entire planet and the outer space in which it is located. In a narrower sense, the OS is only the biosphere, i.e. the natural shell of the Earth, in which all living organisms inhabiting it are concentrated. The main components of the natural environment are soil (lithosphere), solar radiation and other cosmic factors, air (atmosphere) and water (hydrosphere) shells. Their initial physical and chemical properties, the nature and level of pollution form the ecological conditions of human life and activity.

Physical factors: solar radiation and other physical effects of cosmic origin (galactic, moon, interplanetary magnetic field, etc.), temperature, humidity, speed and air pressure, temperature of enclosing surfaces (radiation temperature from building structures, soil, equipment, etc.), noise, vibration, ionizing radiation, illumination, electromagnetic waves, etc. Starting from certain levels of intensity, they can cause disturbances: mutagenic effects, radiation, altitude and vibration diseases, heat stroke, etc.

Chemical Factors: natural and artificial origin chemical elements and compounds (pollutants) that are part of air, water, soil, food, building materials, clothing, shoes, various household items and interior, household electrical equipment, industrial equipment, etc.

Biological factors: harmless and harmful microorganisms, viruses, worms, fungi, various animals and plants and their metabolic products. Physical, chemical, and, to a certain extent, biological factors can be both natural and artificial (anthropogenic-technogenic) origin, more often a combination of these factors affects a person. It should be borne in mind that in addition to the listed material factors, a person is also significantly influenced by informational and psychological factors - the impact of the spoken and printed word, auditory and visual perceptions. Almost all diseases are the result of the interaction of the environment and the internal environment of a person. As a result of exposure to an inadequate factor, a new ext. Factor (mutations).

Changes in the state of health under the influence of anthropogenic factors:

1) an increase in the incidence and a change in its structure:

Allergic diseases

Malignant tumors

Diseases of the blood.

2) chronicity of the disease

3) decrease in the immunobiological reactivity of the body (nutrition, social factors)

4) decrease in reproductive function

5) increased mutation in the human population (chromosomal abnormalities)

6) decrease in intellectual potential

7) the appearance of previously unknown diseases (chronic fatigue syndrome).

Risk factor - Factors that do not play an etiological role, but increase the likelihood of a disease, for example, a constitutional predisposition for psychogenic reactions, alcoholism in relation to metallic psychoses. Risk factors are assessed by comparing the risk of those who are exposed to a potential risk factor with those who are not.

Assessment of the risk of adverse effects in accordance with international recommendations.

Health risk assessment:

1) the process of establishing the likelihood of development and the severity of adverse effects on human health, due to the impact of environmental factors.

2) scientific assessment of the toxic properties of the chemical and the conditions of its exposure to humans, aimed at establishing the likelihood that exposed people will be affected, as well as characterizing the nature of the effects that they may experience;

3) identification of danger, its reality, assessment of exposure, intensity of the factor, frequency, duration of action in the past, present and future, risk notification, risk management (development of methods to prevent or reduce risk).

Risk assessment consists of the following stages: hazard identification, exposure-response dependence assessment, exposure assessment, risk characterization. Assessment of the comparative significance of risks is the stage of risk characterization, which involves determining the comparative significance of identified hazards and calculated risks to public health. Risk assessment aims to identify the levels and causes of risk and provide individuals with the most complete and objective information necessary for making effective management decisions.

Human health risk assessment is a quantitative and/or qualitative characteristic of harmful effects that develop or may develop as a result of the existing or possible impact of environmental factors on a specific group of people under specific exposure conditions determined by regional characteristics. The results of the risk assessment are advisory in nature and are used to justify and make decisions on risk management.

Risk assessment is generally carried out in accordance with the following steps:

1. Hazard identification (assessment of the risk to human health of the studied substances, compilation of a list of priority chemical compounds);

2. Evaluation of the "exposure-response" relationship (establishing quantitative relationships between exposure levels, frequency and severity of adverse effects, selection of indicators for subsequent risk assessment);

3. Evaluation of the exposure (impact) of chemicals on humans, taking into account the influencing media, the duration of exposure, the characteristics of the exposed population groups and the routes of entry of chemicals into the body;

4. Risk characterization: analysis of all data obtained, calculation of risks for the population and its individual subgroups, comparison of risks with acceptable (acceptable) levels, comparative assessment of risks according to their degree of significance, establishment of medical priorities and those risks that should be prevented or reduced to acceptable level.

High - not acceptable for production conditions and the population. It is necessary to implement measures to eliminate or reduce the risk. Medium - acceptable for production conditions; Low - acceptable risk (the level at which, as a rule, hygienic standards are set for the population. Minimum - the desired (target) risk value when carrying out health and environmental activities does not require any corrective actions aimed at reducing the risk.

Modern Benchmarking Methodology Risk Management provides for a parallel consideration of health risks, environmental risks due to ecosystem disruption and harmful effects on aquatic and terrestrial organisms (except humans), risks of reduced quality and deterioration of living conditions. Risk analysis is the process of obtaining information necessary to prevent negative consequences for public health, consisting of three components: risk assessment, risk management, risk communication.

Comprehensive hygienic assessment. Research methods used in gig.diagnostics.

This is a comprehensive study of the natural, social environment and health status, followed by the identification of the regular dependence of health on the quality of the environment. Includes: the study of the intensity, duration, frequency of the impact of factors on an individual and a group of people; diagnostics of the state of health of individuals, groups of people, especially hypersensitive (teenagers, children); establishing the contribution of factors to the violation of the health status of an individual, groups of people, hypersensitive groups of people.

METHODS:

2. Physical. - instrumental, when using instruments to study physical parameters (temperature, humidity, radiation, air ionization)

4. Biol. - bacteriological and helminthological (the presence of eggs in the soil, vegetables, etc.) the number of bacteria in the reservoir does not exceed hundreds per 1 ml.

5. Epidemiological - when studying morbidity rates, it is associated with sanitary-statistical, which uses official reporting data. The latter studies the total impact of social, economic, natural. Health conditions.

6. Clinical studies in dozonological diagnostics, in the study of professional diseases, the development of adequate methods of profiling and treatment.

Prenosological diagnostics. The medical methods of researches used at a gigabyte. diagnostics.

This is an assessment of the functional state of the body and its adaptive capabilities in a period when there are still no obvious signs of disease.

GOAL: early detection of primorbid conditions in the form of: tension of adaptation mechanisms, unsatisfactory or failure of adaptation; development and implementation of adequate methods of disease profiling.

ASSESSMENT OF ADAPTATION SYSTEMS INCLUDES Key words: immunological status, state of enzymatic systems, antioxidant systems, psychol. Testing, LPO, CCC regulatory mechanisms. In practically healthy people, the following is revealed: 40% tension of adaptation, 25% unsatisfactory, 9% breakdown.

What does prenosological diagnostics provide?

1. Early detection of a developing disease before the onset of clinical symptoms (latent forms of the course).

2. Identification of critical conditions that can lead to exacerbation of existing diseases.

3. Select the system or organ that requires priority intervention.

4. Indicates the system with the greatest degree of damage.

5. Evaluation of violations of vitamin and microelement balance and targeted prescription of biocorrectors.

6. Tracking the effectiveness of any wellness procedures and the dynamics of the state of health.

Contraindications to the use of prenosological diagnostics:

1. Acute infectious diseases with febrile syndrome.

2. Traumatic amputation of the phalanges of the fingers.

3. Congenital malformations of the limbs.

4. Age less than 4 years.

5. Severe hearing and speech disorders.

6. Violations of consciousness.

METHODS:

1. Sanitary description of environmental objects, living and working conditions, the nature of nutrition and the pathology associated with all this.

2. Physical. - instrumental, when using instruments to study physical parameters (temperature, humidity, radiation, air ionization)

3. Chem. - in the form of a qualitative and quantitative analysis for the study of products and the state of air, water, soil, the determination of pesticides, metals, gases, etc., cat. can harm.

4. Biol. - bacteriological and helminthologist (the presence of eggs in the soil, vegetables, etc.). The number of bacteria in the reservoir does not exceed hundreds per 1 ml.

5. Epidemiological - in the study of incidence rates, it is associated with sanitary-statistical, cat. uses official reporting data. The latter studies the total impact of social, economic, natural. Health conditions.

6. Clinical research - in dozonological diagnostics, in the study of professional diseases, the development of adequate methods of profiling and treatment.

7. Method gig. experiment - will investigate the influence of various factors on humans and experimental animals.

8. Laboratory modeling-experimental establishment of maximum allowable concentrations and levels (MPC, MPC), indicative safe exposure levels (OBUV) and other indicators, cat. called gig. standards.

9. To modern. Physical-chemical methods include: spectrometric, radiometric, dosimetric, luminescent analysis, etc.

Social gig monitoring. Information subsystems of monitoring.

1. Social and hygienic monitoring is a system of organizational, sanitary and epidemiological, medical, social, scientific, technical, methodological and other measures aimed at organizing monitoring of the state of sanitary and epidemic welfare of the population, its assessment and forecasting of changes to establish, prevent, eliminate or reduce the factors of the harmful effects of the environment on human health.

2. Social and hygienic monitoring is carried out at the republican, regional and local levels by sanitary and epidemiological institutions

3. The main purpose of social and hygienic monitoring is to identify levels of risk for, based on systems for monitoring the state of health and the environment.

4. When conducting social and hygienic monitoring, the following are provided:

Organization of monitoring of the sanitary and epidemic well-being of the population;

Identification and risk assessment of the impact of environmental factors on human health and the implementation of targeted, scientific, technical and regional programs on ensuring sanitary and epidemic well-being and protecting public health, preventing diseases and improving the human environment;

Obtaining and processing information from state and industry surveillance systems, assessing and forecasting changes in the state of health of the population, the surrounding natural, industrial and social environment, socio-economic development;

Identification of cause-and-effect relationships between the state of health and the human environment, the causes and conditions for changes in the sanitary and epidemic well-being of the population;

Preparation of proposals for the organization of activities aimed at preventing, eliminating or reducing the factors of the harmful effects of the environment on human health;

Development of forecasts of changes in the state of health of the population in connection with changes in the human environment;

Transfer of information to users of social and hygienic monitoring and its distribution among interested bodies, enterprises, institutions and organizations, as well as citizens;

The organization, provision and maintenance of the republican system of social and hygienic monitoring is carried out by the Republican Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology. Scientific and methodological support and support of social and hygienic monitoring in the republic is carried out by the Belarusian Scientific Research Sanitary and Hygienic Institute.

INFORMATION FUND of social gig monitoring consists of data blocks characterizing:

Public health;

The state of the environment;

Indicators of socio-economic development of the republic, regions and cities.

Infor-th sources for social gig. monitoring are:

Databases for monitoring the state of health and physical development of the population;

Behind providing a dignity. - epidemic. well-being of the population and the natural environment;

Databases for monitoring natural and climatic factors, sources of anthropogenic impact on the environment, radiation safety, as well as the quality of atmospheric air, surface and ground waters, soil;

Databases for monitoring the indicators of socio-economic development in the republic, regions and cities;

Databases of executive authorities, institutions and organizations, as well as international organizations.

Software and technological support provides, while maintaining the existing functionality, the formation, use, updating, updating and presentation of all types of indicators included in the databases of social and hygienic monitoring. The exchange of data from the information fund of social and hygienic monitoring between the bodies, institutions and organizations authorized to conduct this monitoring is carried out free of charge through established communication channels, and with other users - on a contractual basis.

Users of the data of the information fund of social and hygienic monitoring can be state authorities of the republic and locally, enterprises, institutions and organizations, regardless of their subordination and form of ownership, public associations, as well as citizens. Users are prohibited from transferring data from the information fund of social and hygienic monitoring to third parties on a commercial basis. Information subsystems are information about the results of the annual state sanitary supervision, data from the state environmentalist. monitoring, the results of automated control of the radiation situation.

All elements of nature are interconnected. A person who is also a part of it is influenced by various factors, including harmful ones. Their impact negatively affects health. Most often, the digestive system suffers. The rhythm of life in which we live simply does not allow us to eat properly. In addition to harmful products, there are many other factors that have a negative impact on the human body.

Conventionally, all harmful factors affecting human health can be divided into those whose impact is inevitable, and those that can be excluded from your life.

Alcohol and overeating. Very often, after the holidays, usually accompanied by feasts with the use of a large amount of heavy food and alcohol, we do not feel very well.

Such errors in nutrition, of course, have a negative impact on the digestive system. Overeating and alcohol delay the breakdown of body fat, which is reflected in the figure. As a result of the ingestion of alcohol, as well as its breakdown products, into the intestines, due to a violation of the microflora, we have additional problems, such as abdominal pain.

Fatty, spicy food eaten the day before is poorly digested by the stomach, which leads to a feeling of heaviness, discomfort, frustration and nausea. With a constant violation of the principles of proper nutrition, you will inevitably develop health problems over time.

Smoking. Smoking is one of the most common negative factors. This bad habit disrupts not only the respiratory system, larynx and pulmonary system, but also causes diseases of the stomach (gastritis, ulcers), intestines, negatively affects the cardiovascular system, liver and kidneys. The poison from nicotine poisons our entire body, which weakens the immune system and causes a greater tendency to various diseases than non-smokers.

Carcinogenic substances and heavy metals gradually accumulate in the body of a heavy smoker, causing irreversible changes in all organs and systems. It is known that very often people suffering from tobacco dependence die from stroke, myocardial infarction and lung cancer.

Sedentary lifestyle. In the modern world, many suffer from the consequences of hypodynamia. But movement has always been the key to good health. Regular sports loads stimulate all body systems, including the digestive system. A physically active person practically does not have flatulence, constipation and similar problems associated with congestion and putrefactive processes in the intestines.

coffeemania. Many people are used to drinking a cup of coffee in the morning. This helps to cheer up and quickly tune in to the working mood. Coffee does not pose a danger to the body only if a person is limited to one cup a day. By abusing it, we burden the heart and endanger our health.

Treatment abuse. The regular use of drugs, which can even cause addiction, causes great harm to the body. Painkillers, enzymes that help the stomach digest heavy food are in every home medicine cabinet, but they could be completely dispensed with if a person watched what and in what volumes he eats, how he chews everything, what lifestyle he leads. All body systems are closely interconnected with each other.

Medicines destroy the microflora of the stomach and intestines and have a negative effect on the mucous membranes. The circle closes and we reach for the pills again.

All these factors are harmful to human health, affect the body, gradually worsening its condition. But many people are not interested in how they could maintain health and prolong their lives, and they do so absolutely in vain ... If you want to lead a healthy lifestyle, you must take into account the factors affecting health! Do not be indifferent to yourself, lead a healthy lifestyle!