Perform multiple sclerosis surgery. Multiple sclerosis. Non-drug treatments and diet for multiple sclerosis. consequences and complications. Prevention and prognosis in multiple sclerosis. Symptomatic and physiotherapeutic treatment

Otosclerosis- a disease caused by dysmetabolic processes in the bone frame of the inner ear of a person with a gradual loss of hearing.

With otosclerosis, the dense structure of bone tissue, characteristic of the inner ear, is replaced by a porous, spongy type of structure rich in blood vessels.

As a result:

1. The volume of movements in the bone joint of the stirrup and the round window is reduced. This leads to a violation of sound conduction (tympanic form of otosclerosis).
2. The density of the cochlear capsule of the inner ear changes with a progressive decrease in sound perception (cochlear form of otosclerosis).

These processes can take place both in isolation and simultaneously (a mixed form of the disease).

The fact that the lesion is bilateral predominates indicates the systemic nature of the ongoing pathological processes.

The first signs of hearing loss occur at the age of 20-30 years. However, cases of the onset of the disease in childhood have been noted. The female gender predominantly suffers from osteosclerosis (75-80%).

From the moment of the first clinical manifestations to the development of complete deafness, on average, about 20 years or more pass. But there is also a description of a lightning-fast, within several months, hearing loss in patients to complete deafness, which can be explained along with the processes occurring in the bone, by the simultaneous degeneration of the nervous tissue and the receptor apparatus of the snails.

Symptoms and clinical signs of otosclerosis

• the tympanic membrane is thinned and has a little more mobility than usual;
• the patient reacts poorly, and may not even feel the instrumental examination of the skin of the ear canal and the tympanic membrane itself, which is associated with a decrease in tactile and pain sensitivity of this zone;
• decrease in the amount or complete absence of earwax;
• auditory canals are dilated, their skin is dry, easily injured.

Causes of the disease

At the present stage, several theories of the occurrence of this disease are equally considered.

1. hereditary conditioning
   This theory is confirmed by the presence of a family nature of otosclerosis in 60% of patients.
2. Endocrine effects on bone metabolism
   This is indicated by the signs of combined dysfunction of the thyroid and parathyroid glands in otosclerosis, in addition, the fact of progression of the disease during pregnancy.
3. Chronic inflammatory diseases of the inner ear and past infectious diseases
   For example, a relationship between hearing loss and previous measles has been noted. However, most researchers consider the factor of a chronic inflammatory process in the ear to be only a trigger mechanism with an already existing predisposition to otosclerosis.
4. Chronic increased acoustic load with traumatization
   Industrial noise, loud music through headphones, lead to degeneration of the soft tissues of the ear, which worsens the conductivity of blood vessels. As a result, there is an insufficient supply of nutrients to bone and cartilage tissue with the launch of the initial mechanisms of otosclerosis.

Otosclerosis - do you need surgery?

Currently, there is an active search for effective methods of therapeutic treatment of otosclerosis. Thus, a combination of constant intake of sodium fluoride with vitamin D3, calcium and magnesium preparations is widely used to reduce the leaching of minerals from the bone base of the inner ear.

Along with this, hearing aids of various modifications are used.

Surgical methods can significantly improve the sharpness of sound in 80% of operated patients. However, as with any surgical intervention, there are certain risks of complications that must be considered when deciding on instrumental treatment. In addition, the operation itself, while improving sound conductivity, does not stop the degenerative processes in the bone tissue.

The following types should be distinguishedsurgical operations:

1. sparing aimed at changing the mobility of the stirrup and removing (isolation) of the focus of sclerosis.
2. Radical: stapedectomy and stapedoplasty. In the case of stapedoplasty, part of the immobilized stirrup joints is replaced with a Teflon prosthesis.

As a rule, radical operations are prescribed for the ineffectiveness of previously performed sparing manipulations. However, the effectiveness of stapedoplasty (95%) puts this type of surgical intervention in the first place.

Absolute indications for operations:

1. Bilateral failure.
2. Detected by audiometry, negative Rinne test. In this case, the difference between air and bone conduction of sound, in its difference, corresponds to 20 dB or more.
3. Pronounced degree of subjective sensation of tinnitus. The most favorable postoperative effect is provided by the treatment of the tympanic form of otosclerosis. In other forms, there is a partial restoration of hearing, requiring the additional use of a hearing aid.

The presence of severe concomitant pathology of the internal organs may affect the decision on the surgical correction of otosclerosis. In these cases, the decision to operate is made jointly with other specialists, such as an internist, cardiologist, oncologist, etc.

Health is one of the main components of the quality of life of any person.

Indeed, good health allows you to live fully, enjoying every day; if there are openings with health, then the quality of life is noticeably reduced, and the pleasure of constant pain or discomfort makes the mood worse, and the perception of life more pessimistic.

The article will focus on such a disease as multiple sclerosis. Stem cell treatment of this disease has made it possible to improve the quality of life of patients.

A life-threatening disease that develops in the nervous system, multiple sclerosis most often develops in a person in the age group of 25 to 55 years - this age group is most susceptible to the disease.

This disease is expressed in the defeat of nerve fibers, and these lesions are scattered throughout the body - this is where the name of the disease was given.

Human nerve fibers are surrounded, like electrical wires, by a dense sheath of fat cells that protect the nerves from damage - myelin. With the development of multiple sclerosis, there is a violation of the integrity of this layer, myelin. Nerve impulses are poorly transmitted to the brain and spinal cord, as a result of which a whole “bouquet” of manifestations of this disease can be observed.

To understand the specifics of this disease, one should consider its main manifestations, causes, factors and risk zone that can cause the development of multiple sclerosis.

Main manifestations

The cases when the onset and development of multiple sclerosis may occur include the following external manifestations:

• Trembling of hands and feet.
• Loss of firm ground underfoot while walking.
• Impaired coordination.
• Complication of control over the facial nerves, resulting in a visible displacement of part of the face to the side.
• Tingling in certain parts of the body, feeling of numbness.
• Increase or decrease in muscle tone - this can apply to any muscle group in the body.
• Violations in the process of urination - incontinence or, conversely, urinary retention.
• Violations in the mental state - nervous breakdowns, inexplicable bouts of depression and an aggressive state, an inexplicable decrease in self-esteem, uncontrolled tears, euphoria for no apparent reason.

These manifestations may be evidence of a possible deterioration in the state of the myelin sheath of nerve fibers and the onset of the disease. Indeed, in this case, due to the deterioration of the state of the myelin layer, the speed of transmission of nerve impulses decreases and a slowdown in the reaction is observed, a decrease in the degree of controllability of all physical actions.

What could be the causes of this condition?

The main causes of the development of the disease

With the development of multiple sclerosis, an uncontrolled rejection by the nervous system of the patient's body occurs.

This process is the most dangerous - both for the state of health and for human life.

After all, if left untreated, the symptoms significantly reduce the quality of life, first a person becomes disabled, and then even the life of the patient may be threatened.

Today, all the causes of multiple sclerosis have not been studied; nor has a definitive cure been found for it.

The most common causes of this condition include:

• genetic predisposition. This means that if the disease was diagnosed in one or even more than two parents, then there is a chance of having a child with a predisposition to the occurrence of multiple sclerosis. However, this does not always mean that women with this disease cannot have children - modern methods of treatment in the early stages can significantly reduce the severity of the symptoms of this disease.
• Nervous overload, frequent quarrels, mental and psychological instability.
• Frequent colds, infectious diseases.
• Significant weakening of the immune system.
• Autoimmune diseases, frequent allergies of any nature.

These causes are very diverse, but their impact on human health is very significant.

Risk factors

The risk group for multiple sclerosis can include people who are predisposed to frequent allergic reactions, who often suffer from infectious, colds, autoimmune diseases, as well as those belonging to the white race and living in the northern regions.

An unhealthy lifestyle, lack of sports and movement, inadequate and irrational nutrition, inattentive attitude to one's health also negatively affect the functioning of the immune system, weakening the body and increasing the risk of multiple sclerosis.

Treatment of multiple sclerosis today

Until recently, this disease was considered incurable and doomed patients to long-term treatment and significant limitations in life.

However, relatively recently, scientists studying multiple sclerosis made a real revolutionary discovery, which made it possible to significantly improve the quality of life of patients with this disease. We are talking about the use of stem cells. The first stem cell transplant operations were successfully carried out - they were carried out in the United States, as well as in European countries.

Is there any evidence of any positive results of operations to treat this disease in Russia?

Multiple sclerosis is a disease that is not so easy to immediately recognize. Here we will talk about the specific signs of this disease and possible long-term complications.

Russia — what's new in the treatment of multiple sclerosis?

Regarding Russia, we can also talk about the successful practice of stem cell transplantation by Professor Novik A.A., which took place in the hematology clinic in Moscow.

It was he who performed the operation on a woman who had already suffered from a secondary period of exacerbation of multiple sclerosis for a long time, and with all the necessary treatment, the symptoms of the disease only progressed and her life became more and more difficult.

According to the patient, she was already visited by thoughts of passing away, as she began to feel herself a burden to loved ones.

However, after Novik A.A. performed a successful operation to transplant stem cells to this woman, the symptoms not only stopped progressing, but further intake of prescribed medications ceased to be necessary: ​​the manifestations of multiple sclerosis disappeared altogether!

Reviews of the treatment of multiple sclerosis with stem cells

According to the woman who underwent such an operation by A.A. Novik, her life has changed significantly. There was no need to take treatment for multiple sclerosis, the manifestations of the disease disappeared. The quality of life has increased significantly and almost approached a healthy state.

Another review of the operation, also carried out in Moscow. Woman, 39 years old, suffered from multiple sclerosis for 4 years. The treatment used slightly eased the course of the disease, but the periods of time between exacerbations gradually began to decrease, and the remission became shorter and shorter.

Based on the data on the patient's health status and the severity of the current disease, the doctors decided that the operation was necessary. Recovery after surgery lasted about 1.5-2 months; then the trembling of the hands and feet, which especially bothered the patient, significantly decreased, and mental and emotional balance was restored, the woman stopped suffering from enuresis of the initial stage, and self-confidence appeared.

And there is a significant amount of such evidence, for this reason, stem cell transplantation can be considered a real breakthrough in the treatment of this terrible disease.

Additional Information

A qualitative change in life after such an operation, the removal of the main manifestations of the disease and the ability to return to everyday normal life is the main result of the latest advances in medicine in this area.

It should be noted that the transplantation of these cells can be carried out with a solid positive result only when this material is taken from the patient himself - this eliminates the risk of serious complications, such as a genetic predisposition to cancer, the possibility of rejection by the body of the transplanted cells.

Stem cell transplantation itself is prescribed by a doctor if the patient has no other way to improve or stabilize the situation - the treatment used brings very little relief or does not work at all.

Also an important point for determining how effective such an operation will be in each case, you should know that its greatest effectiveness is observed when the patient is under the age of 50, as well as in the early stages of the disease.

If the disease is no longer in the first stage and is noticeably progressing, many functions of the body have already been completely and irreversibly lost (these include urination, defecation and movement), then the operation is no longer prescribed.

Cost of treatment

The cost of stem cell transplantation in Russia is different, and in many respects its final amount depends on the level of the medical institution that performs this type of surgical intervention, the classification of doctors.

Moscow medical centers offer such an operation the most expensive - depending on the level of the institution, it ranges from 270,000 - 780,000 rubles.

The stem cell transplant procedure consists of several main steps:

1. The use of medical procedures and drug treatment, the goal of which is to stop the manifestations of the disease and the possible restoration of the myelin layer of nerve fibers.
2. The procedure for introducing stem cells to a patient is carried out with a certain stage for the successful survival of cells by the body.

The final cost of this operation is affected by the price of each of its stages - the isolation of stem cells from the material taken from the patient, and then the introduction of the resulting cells.

And the success of the procedure directly depends on the stage of the disease, therefore, with any manifestations and signs of multiple sclerosis - a violation of the process of urination, motor functions, instability of the emotional state, you should contact a medical institution. The effectiveness of treatment largely depends on the patient himself - be attentive to your health!

Multiple sclerosis can occur in people between the ages of 18 and 60, but it most often appears in youth. The female sex is more at risk of getting sick than the male. Multiple sclerosis is not a hereditary disease.

Reasons for the appearance

To date, there is a hypothesis that this disease may arise due to the action of autoimmune processes that are associated with the nervous system or with viral diseases that a person has in childhood. In the event of an exacerbation, inflammatory foci are formed, as a result of which the electrically insulating sheath swells, which covers the axons of many neurons. After some time, swelling and inflammation slowly subside, but scar marks or affected areas remain. All processes of nerve cells remain intact and unharmed. This provides an opportunity to comment on why people experience full or partial recovery. However, it is worth noting that if a new defeat occurs next to the old one, then there can be no talk of a full recovery.

Signs of multiple sclerosis

In almost half of the cases, these ailments are manifested by disturbances in the motor system: spasms, weakness during movement, impaired coordination. There may be colic in the hands and feet, or their numbness. Some people begin to have vision problems: double vision or blurry vision. Also, sexual function may be disturbed, control over urination is lost. In a small number of patients, mainly those who have been suffering from sclerosis for a long time, intelligence decreases.

Diagnosis of sclerosis

Such a disease is diagnosed with the help of a neurological examination, a conversation with a doctor and other methods. Today, in modern medicine, the most accurate way to diagnose multiple sclerosis is with the help of magnetic resonance imaging, and in an unhealthy person, the level of gamma and immunoglobulins in the cerebrospinal fluid increases. Considering that immunological reactions are the main ones in the progression of sclerosis, it is important to constantly check them in patients: take blood for immunological analysis. This is necessary in order to make a comparison of the parameters of the immune system of a sick person at different times.

Treatment and preventive measures

With mild exacerbations, this disease is treated with a large number of medications: drugs that improve tissue blood flow, general tonic, vitamins, sedatives, antioxidants, and, if necessary, antidepressants. In severe forms of exacerbation, hormonal agents are prescribed. In the period of five days you need to take large doses of hormones. This method in medicine is called pulse therapy. The use of drugs that depress the immune system and anti-inflammatory drugs makes it possible to quickly recover and reduce the period of exacerbation. Hormones, as a rule, are not taken for long courses, which does not allow side effects to develop, and therefore they are the smallest. Also, quite common medical procedures are massage, blood purification from harmful toxins, and so on.

Multiple sclerosis quite often it is expressed by exacerbations that contribute to the emergence of other serious ailments. To prevent them, it is necessary to carry out preventive measures, which consist in the use of immune modulators. These drugs contribute to the proper functioning of the immune system, which accordingly makes it possible to manifest exacerbations to a lesser extent, and also slows down the progression of the disease.

Traditional medicine treatment

First of all, people suffering from this disease should lead a correct lifestyle. The necessary complete rejection of smoking and drinking alcohol, in the summer you need to protect yourself from the sun and in no case should you swim in hot water. An effective remedy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis is mummy. It is strengthening and filling the body with vitamins and essential trace elements. Also, royal jelly is effective: it normalizes metabolism and increases the level of protection of the whole organism. People suffering from this disease should not be wiped with apple cider vinegar, which must first be diluted with water. Freshly squeezed juices and oatmeal will be very useful.

Actions, the type of swimming and sports training are pushed back multiple sclerosis to the background, and are excellent ways to treat it.

Ear otosclerosis- This is a disease, a characteristic feature of which is the pathological proliferation of tissues of the bony labyrinth of the ear. The result of the disease is a progressive hearing loss. Otosclerosis of the ear occurs most often during puberty in women. The process in this disease is two-way.

Symptoms of otosclerosis

The first symptoms appear at the age of 16-20 years. Leading among them is the sensation of tinnitus and progressive hearing loss. Describing tinnitus, patients compare it with various phenomena of nature and everyday life (the rustle of leaves, the sound of the surf or the rumble of wires). In this case, the severity of noise is assessed in three degrees:

1. The first degree - the noise does not bother, this symptom is detected only with an active survey.
2. The second degree is the presence of noise in combination with other symptoms.
3. The third degree - the sensation of noise is the main complaint of the patient.

Hearing loss and tinnitus, most often, are slowly increasing in nature. Most patients have a history of indications of various factors that contributed to its occurrence - these are infectious diseases, and prolonged exposure to a noisy environment, and systemic diseases of the body, as well as pregnancy and childbirth.
Sometimes patients may be disturbed by balance disorders and short-term dizziness that occur when the head is thrown back, fast movements or tilts. The phenomenon is manifested by nausea and vomiting. In addition, patients often complain of ear pain, congestion and tingling sensation in them, memory loss and sleep disturbances.

Signs of otosclerosis

The severity of signs depends on the clinical form of the disease (tympanic, cochlear and mixed). This classification is based on the nature of the hearing loss, changes in the inner and middle ear, and computed tomography data.

1. Tympanal form: the lesion is located in the region of the oval window. Its symptom is progressive conductive hearing loss.
2. Mixed: the lesions are located in the cochlear capsule and the region of the oval window. The hallmark of this form is mixed progressive hearing loss.
3. Cochlear: only the cochlea is affected. The symptom is sensorineural progressive hearing loss.

In addition, the severity of signs of otosclerosis directly depends on the stage of the disease. It is customary to distinguish otospongiosus (active) and sclerotic (inactive) stages.

Also a characteristic sign of otosclerosis is an improvement in hearing acuity when the patient is in a noisy environment, a decrease in speech intelligibility during chewing and swallowing food, while talking to several people and with intense attention.

Otosclerosis treatment

otosclerosis treatment therapy can be both conservative and operational. The second is used more often.
Conservative treatment

The aim of this treatment is to influence bone turnover in order to reduce noise. Recent studies have shown that one of the causes contributing to the disease may be a lack of vitamins and minerals in the affected tissues. To compensate for the deficiency of essential substances, bromine, phosphorus and calcium preparations are prescribed. Depending on the indications, hormonal preparations and B vitamins can be used. Physiotherapeutic measures include electrophoresis with iodine or calcium and darsonvalization, which help reduce tinnitus.

Conservative therapy in most cases is ineffective and is used only at the beginning of the development of otosclerosis. Otosclerosis treatment can only be carried out when the hearing loss is less than 30 dB. If it is higher than this figure, only surgical intervention is indicated, the result of which is an improvement in hearing in 85-90% of patients.

Surgical treatment

The goal of this treatment is to restore hearing with the maximum use of the cochlea, even if after the treatment it will be necessary to use a hearing aid.
Contraindications are individual features of the structure of the ear or general medical contraindications.

Otosclerosis operation

Otosclerosis is an operation performed for otosclerosis, called stapedoplasty or calibrated stapedomy. It is done under local anesthesia using an operating microscope, under high magnification. During the operation, the pathological focus is removed and the head and arch of the stirrup are replaced with a prosthesis. At a certain stage of the operation, ringing in the ears, dizziness, a feeling of sinking, accompanied by nausea and vomiting, may occur. This is normal and passes quickly. After the end of the procedure, a hearing test and tamponation of the ear canal are performed for 1 week.
At the end of the period, the tampons are removed, the patient is discharged home. Hearing improvement occurs gradually and reaches its maximum after 3 months. Hearing tests are performed at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after surgery. On the second ear, surgery can be done six months after the first. The result of the operation is the restoration of hearing in 90-95% of patients. The best results are observed in younger patients with good bone conduction and slight hearing loss.

Otosclerosis, surgery and prices

The operation, as mentioned above, gives a positive result in more than 90% of patients. However, it is necessary to know that in some cases, serious dangers to the inner ear may occur in the separated period. Given this fact, surgery is initially performed on one ear. In case of complications, the second ear will be able to perform its function with the help of a hearing aid.
Stapedoplasty is performed at stages I and II of otosclerosis, and very rarely - at stage III, when sensorineural hearing loss is pronounced.
After the operation, patients must adhere to some simple rules that will help to successfully pass the postoperative period and maintain restored hearing:

1. avoid noise and sudden pressure drops;
2. do not blow your nose for a month;
3. protect ears from cold;
4. avoid activities that can cause dizziness. Do not lift weights, do not bend over sharply, do not strain strongly;
5. watch out for upper respiratory tract infections.

Stapedoplasty is carried out both in public medical institutions and in private clinics. Prices do not depend on the degree of the disease, but may vary depending on the age of the patient and comorbidity. The cost of treatment includes the operation itself, postoperative care and supervision.

Under such a medical term as "sclerosis of the hippocampus", experts understand one of the forms of epileptic pathology caused by damage to the limbic system of the brain. The disease is also known as mesial temporal sclerosis.

The indicated pathological process cannot be considered independent. Hippocampal sclerosis has specific symptoms and causes of development. It is associated with such a key pathology as epilepsy.

The essence of the pathological process

With the development of sclerosis, the unaffected organs and soft tissues are replaced by a connective tissue that has a dense structure. Such factors as the development of the inflammatory process, age, deterioration of the immune system and addictions are capable of provoking this mechanism. In this regard, taking into account the area of ​​\u200b\u200bdevelopment of the pathological process, tuberous or atherosclerosis, sclerosis of cerebral vessels, etc. are isolated.

What is mesial temporal sclerosis

With this type of pathology, there is a loss of neurons and scarring of the deepest tissues of the temporal region. As a key cause of hippocampal sclerosis, experts call a severe degree of brain injury. In this case, the pathological process can be observed both in the left and right temporal regions.

Damage to brain structures as a result of trauma, the development of an infectious process, the appearance of a neoplasm, oxygen deficiency, or uncontrollable seizures contribute to scarring of tissues, for example, the temporal lobe. According to statistics, about 70% of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy have temporal mesial sclerosis.

Disease development factors

As the key reasons that can lead to the development of the indicated ailment, experts cite:

1. hereditary factor. Those people whose parents or relatives suffered from manifestations of sclerosis or temporal lobe epilepsy, the likelihood of developing mesial temporal sclerosis is high.
2. Convulsions of a febrile nature, which lead to certain disorders of the metabolic process. Against this background, there is swelling of the cortex of the temporal lobe and the destruction of neuronal cells, tissues atrophy and the volume of the hippocampus decreases.
3. Various mechanical damages, for example, a fracture of the skull, blows to the head or a collision, can lead to irreversible disorders and the development of the indicated pathology.
4. Addictions, expressed in the abuse of alcoholic beverages or drug addiction, contribute to the destruction of brain cells and disruption of neural connections. Thus, chronic alcoholism and hippocameral sclerosis can be combined by a causal relationship.
5. Past trauma, for example, abnormal development of the temporal region during fetal development or injuries received during labor.
6. Oxygen deficiency in the brain tissues.
7. Infectious process, for example, and other inflammatory processes in brain tissues.
8. Intoxication of the body for a long time.
9. Impaired blood circulation in the tissues of the brain.

As risk factors that can provoke this pathological process, experts distinguish:

• brain stroke;
• hypertonic processes;
• the presence of diabetes;
• age - as experience shows, in older people such a disease is detected much more often than in young people.

Observed clinical picture

The development of mesial temporal sclerosis can provoke focal epilepsy. Epileptic seizures may begin with a person experiencing strange sensations, hallucinations or illusions, which subsequently turn into a numb gaze, as well as food or rotatory impulses. This state can continue for two minutes. As the disease progresses, tonic-clonic seizures occur.

The state of seizures in hippocampal sclerosis is accompanied by such manifestations as:

• changes in behavior;
• decreased ability to remember;
• headache;
• a state of increased anxiety;
• sleep disorders;
• panic attack state.

Patients with a similar diagnosis have impaired cognitive skills, including memory, thinking, and concentration. An epileptic state, as a result of which there is a violation of the functioning of the brain, can provoke an unexpected loss of consciousness, as well as disruption of the vegetative-cardiac system.

When epileptic seizures occur, patients experience auditory or vestibular hallucinations, which occurs against the background of belching and unilateral facial twitching. These patients have learning difficulties and impaired memory. These people are distinguished by an increased sense of duty, conflict and emotional lability.

Diagnostic measures

Neurologists are engaged in the diagnosis of the indicated condition. It is this specialist who should be contacted in case of manifestation of the clinical picture described above. During the first visit, the attending physician will talk with the patient to collect an anamnesis. During the dialogue, the doctor evaluates the intellectual capabilities of the patient and determines the behavioral traits. If emotional or intellectual deviations are detected, the patient is referred for examination to a psychiatrist.

Along with this, the medical specialist will undertake a number of manipulations to assess the patient's reflexes:

• in the knee joint;
• in the carpal-radial joint;
• as well as the reflex function of the biceps of the shoulders.

During the diagnosis, the patient undergoes the following studies:

1. An electroencephalogram allows you to identify existing foci of a pathological brain impulse.
2. CT and MRI make it possible to take a layered image of the brain and other structures of the cranium.
3. Angiography determines the presence of abnormalities in the blood flow of the brain.
4. ECHO - an encephalogram, which is relevant if the patients are newborns or young children.

Therapeutic activities

In order to treat hippocampal sclerosis, anticonvulsants are mainly used. In this case, only the attending physician should prescribe the intake and dosage of the drug. Self-treatment in this situation is excluded.

It is important to note that the absence of seizures indicates that the patient is recovering. The dosage of drugs in this case is reduced if there are no seizures for 2 years. Cancellation of medication is allowed only if convulsions are completely absent for 5 years. In this situation, drug treatment is designed to ensure a general recovery.

Surgery

If conservative therapy has not brought proper results, then surgical treatment of hippocampal sclerosis is prescribed. In the indicated pathological processes, several types of surgical intervention are used. In the circumstances, as a rule, resort to temporal lobotomy.

During a lobotomy, the surgeon removes the affected area of ​​the brain. Before an operation is performed on the right for hippocampal sclerosis or surgery on the left, the doctor must make sure that the excised part of the brain is not responsible for the vital functions of the body. In a lobotomy, the surgeon removes a portion of the temporal lobe.

If the procedure was carried out by an experienced and qualified specialist, then a positive effect is manifested in about 55-95% of patients.

Purpose of surgery for hippocampal sclerosis

The goal of surgical intervention in the indicated pathology is to save the patient from seizures and cancel or reduce the dosage of the drug. Statistics show that 20% of patients who undergo surgery stop taking anticonvulsant drugs. In addition, in the presence of seizures, patients are always at risk of sudden death. This fact is also one of the reasons for surgical intervention.

In the case of an operation, there is always a risk of neurological deficit, which is minimized with the proper experience of the surgeon. One of the main problems from this point of view remains the possibility of memory impairment in patients.

Preventive actions

In order to reduce the frequency of seizures, experts recommend taking prescribed medications regularly, as well as:

1. Observe the regime of rest and sleep, it is necessary to go to bed and wake up at the same time.
2. Adhere to a dietary diet, within which you should limit the consumption of spicy, salty and fried foods, as well as liquids.
3. Refuse to consume alcoholic beverages, alcohol-containing products lead to the development of many different diseases.
4. Eliminate the consumption of tobacco products - tobacco and combustion products adversely affect all body systems.
5. Avoid overheating or hypothermia of the body, for this you should exclude visiting baths and saunas, sunbathing in the open sun.
6. Avoid consumption of tea and coffee.

Conclusion and Conclusions

All the proposed measures will help maintain the condition at an adequate level and reduce or completely eliminate the frequency of attacks. Thus, in case of hippocampal sclerosis, surgical treatment and recovery play an important role in maintaining the patient's health throughout the rest of his life.

As you know, everyone should be attentive to their own health. This statement is especially true for people diagnosed with hippocampal sclerosis.