A snow-white smile with spraying: health risk or active protection? Coated metal crowns Dental prosthetics Coated metal crowns

Coated metal crowns are one of the first types of prosthetic structures that appeared in dentistry.

Despite its "advanced" age, this method of prosthetics continues to be successfully used to restore damaged or missing teeth.

Product characteristics

In dentistry, the technology of prosthetics with crowns has been used for a very long time, and you can still meet people who have artificial teeth made of metal.

Now, non-aesthetically looking metal teeth have been replaced with coated products that are visually indistinguishable from natural teeth.

The design in appearance is a cap that exactly repeats the parameters of the restored unit. The product can be fixed on the damaged element or fixed on the implant.

Structurally, a crown is a frame on top of which a coating is applied. The frame thickness usually does not exceed 0.3 mm. As for the material, it can be one of the metals - steel, gold, titanium, as well as alloys of cobalt with chromium or palladium with silver.

But externally, the product now looks different than a few decades ago. Modern technology allows you to create a copy of the anatomical teeth, and cover the surface of the frame with porcelain, repeating one in one tone of natural teeth.

Metal crowns differ not only in the type of material for the frame and cladding, but also in the method of manufacture. These products are stamped and solid.

Among themselves, such crowns differ in strength, cost and duration of wearing.

Stamping technique

This is a budget option, which is rarely used in practice due to significant shortcomings. These prostheses are created on the basis of factory blanks - sleeves, and then in the clinic they are customized for a specific client.

The shell is thin, which does not imply strong grinding of the teeth. Such products are distinguished by sufficient strength, but they do not fit snugly to the tooth. It is because of this that its remaining part under the crown quickly deteriorates.

They are usually made of low-grade gold (to increase resistance to stress) or stainless steel. They have an affordable cost, since the stamping process is not particularly difficult and takes place quickly.

Among the disadvantages of the designs, it is also worth noting the partial restoration of the functionality of the problematic unit and the rapid erasure of the material.

The manufacturing process itself takes place in the following sequence:

For modeling, impressions are taken from the jaws (the manipulation must be performed within 15 minutes, until the shrinkage of the material begins).
On the plaster, the borders of the crown are marked so that the exact size required is obtained.
Wax modeling is carried out.
According to the traced sample, a stamp is created from the metal, which is then driven into the sleeve.
External stamping is done with a screw press.
The stamp is removed, and the edges of the prosthesis are trimmed.

Important! The entire manufacturing process is accompanied by periodic firing of the metal. This is necessary to ensure greater compliance of the material and increase the degree of its density.

Solid Models

Manufactured using the one-piece casting method, i.e. mold filling technique. It is inexpensive, simple and fast, because. no time is wasted on soldering crowns. But the most important difference, and naturally an advantage over the previous method, is a longer period of operation - at least 15 years.

Solid-cast crowns are made only individually according to the impressions of the patient's treated teeth.

In addition, with this approach to manufacturing:

it is possible to achieve a perfect fit to the gum tissues;
only a homogeneous alloy of the material is taken;
it is possible to restore the chewing group of teeth;
obtain sufficient strength and high wear resistance;
reduce the layer of tooth grinding to a minimum.

The manufacturing process involves the following manipulations:

Tooth preparation.
Impression removal with silicone mass.
Fixation of the central ratio of the jaw arches.
Fitting the crown, checking the occlusal relationship.
Creation of a collapsible plaster model;
Modeling a wax sample.
Replacing wax with metal.
Pouring metal into a mold.
Cooling of the material with subsequent removal from the mold.
Technical processing of the structure.
Finishing - grinding and polishing.

Important! Which product according to the manufacturing method is suitable for recreating teeth, the dentist decides on the basis of the examination. An important value in the selection of the type of construction is the budget of the client.

Design features

A special layer is necessarily applied to metal crowns - sputtering, which improves their appearance, and in some cases has a positive effect on strength and wear.

The table below outlines the main pros and cons of spray materials.

Type of prosthesis	Advantages	Minuses
Coated with base metals	Affordable price, quick and easy manufacturing, installation, undemanding maintenance.	Possible allergy or galvanic reaction due to material incompatibility.
Coated with precious metal	Acceptable aesthetics, no allergies, metal taste, galvanic effect.	High cost.
Sprayed with plastic.	Presentable appearance, affordable price.	The likelihood of cracks and chips due to poor compatibility of the metal frame and cladding.
With porcelain coating	Maximum aesthetics at an affordable price.	Chips and microcracks may form.
gold plating	The material is identical to natural enamel in terms of erasing speed, it is hygienic, durable, hypoallergenic, and has an antiseptic effect.	The ratio of cost and aesthetics does not live up to expectations.

All for and against

When selecting the type of crown, patients are usually guided only by appearance and cost. But it is also important to pay attention to the characteristics of products, their pros and cons.

Among the advantages noted:

durability;
exact imitation of the shape of your own teeth;
sufficient strength;
full restoration of functionality;
wear resistance;
preservation of the taste perception of food.

The downsides are the following:

the possibility of an allergy or galvanic effect;
unnaturalness (if the spraying is done with metals).

Another disadvantage concerns stamped products. They can pose a risk to oral health as they often between the gum and the prosthetic structure there is a gap into which the infection penetrates, and this is dangerous by the occurrence of inflammation.

Installation restrictions

Prosthetics with metal crowns is not always possible. There is a list of restrictions under which such designs are contraindicated:

reaction to metal;
serious damage to the supporting teeth;
bruxism;
malocclusion;
periodontal disease or periodontitis;
high wear of the enamel coating.

Stages of prosthetics

The installation process consists of three stages, which we will consider in a little more detail.

Training

The doctor performs a visual examination of the oral cavity in order to select the optimal type of prosthetic structure and ascertain the degree of tooth decay.

As preparatory procedures may be required (according to indications):

Drilling and filling channels.
Therapy for caries and its complications.
Replacing old fillings.
Professional teeth cleaning.
Treatment of periodontal tissues.
Strengthening of dental units (in some cases).

Important! If these measures are neglected, after a while the teeth under the prosthesis will quickly deteriorate, and they will have to say goodbye.

preparation

This procedure involves the extraction of the neurovascular bundle (pulp) from the problematic unit to be prosthetics.

Based on the method of manufacturing the crown and the complexity of the case, the preparation can be performed in one of the following ways:

Laser. Due to the safe operation of the device, there is no possibility of tissue burns, cracks and chips.
Ultrasonic. The load that the tooth receives from the working tool is minimal. The procedure is painless, does not lead to overheating of the pulp, and the appearance of cracks is excluded.
Air abrasive. The treatment of teeth is carried out with the help of a powerful air flow and a mixture of powdered abrasive materials. This method does not involve the use of anesthesia, does not lead to tissue overheating.

In special cases, it may be decided to perform the preparation using a tunnel method, which involves the use of a turbine unit. The technique of the procedure is complex, and if it is not followed, overheating or injury to the gum tissue can occur.

Important! Preparation is an optional procedure, and is carried out only if there are special medical indications.

Fixation of the prosthesis

All subsequent manipulations are directed directly to the manufacture and installation of a prosthetic product.

A cement mass is applied to the turned unit to obtain an accurate impression. A crown will be made on it in the laboratory.
Making a prosthesis.
The first fitting, during which the fit of the product is checked.
Fixation of the crown with temporary cement. Such a measure is needed to check the reaction of the restored unit, the painlessness of the process of eating, the absence of allergies, etc.
Fixation of the prosthesis on a permanent adhesive mass.

The average duration of fixing one crown is 30-40 minutes. In a difficult case, this time can be doubled.

In the video, the technician explains how to make a metal-ceramic crown.

Life time

The service life of coated crowns mainly depends on the manufacturing method. So, if the prosthesis was made by stamping, it has a short service life - about 5-7 years.

Structures made using the one-piece casting method, provided that the spraying is properly selected, can last for a long time - at least 15 years. This period may increase if the deposit is a precious metal.

In addition, the duration of the operating period is influenced by:

physiological characteristics of a person;
correct observance of the rules of care of the oral cavity and prosthesis;
crown manufacturing quality;
degree of daily stress.

Issue price

Products differ in an optimum ratio of quality and the price. The last criterion is mainly determined by the material used for spraying.

The table below shows the approximate prices of one unit, taking into account the type of coating.

What are coated metal crowns? Are such products safe for health and what features distinguish them from other prostheses?

Features of the manufacture of metal crowns

Various types of spraying.

Metal for the production of dentures in dentistry has been used for more than a decade. The choice of alloys for the manufacture of structures is wide: these can be ordinary metals, but if desired, the patient can install a product made of alloys of palladium, silver, gold. Methods for the production of metal crowns differ depending on the type of metal, the location of the prosthetic tooth, but despite these differences, the products always turn out to be strong and wear-resistant.

What is stamping?

Stamped products are a budget option that has now practically disappeared from dental practice due to a number of shortcomings. Crowns are literally "stamped" on the basis of the workpiece, and then they are already fitted to the tooth of a particular patient. The designs are durable, but the teeth on them quickly deteriorate.

How is a cast crown made?

The dentist assesses the condition of the patient's oral cavity, treats all carious teeth, inflammatory processes, removes dental deposits, and only after such preparation does he start prosthetics. Prosthetic teeth are subject to turning and depulpation, after which impressions are taken from them.

A stamped crown is made in several stages:

A plaster model is made
The product is plastered in a special apparatus - an occluder,
A model is formed from wax,
Wax is replaced by metal,
The structure is attached
Excess material is removed
The finished product is ground and polished.

Expert opinion. Dentist Evdokimov P.Yu.: “If at any stage the production technology is violated, the product will injure soft tissues and neighboring teeth. Such prostheses have an unaesthetic appearance and are striking if they are installed in the smile line.

What are metal structures?

There are several types of metal crowns:

without spraying
with ceramic or plastic veneer to give the crown a more aesthetic appearance,
sprayed,
combined prostheses from alloys of metals and ceramics.

What is spraying?

Metal crowns are necessarily coated with a special coating. The product is covered with a facing layer from all sides at a high temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere. Before this, the structure is degreased, then polished, which allows for a better connection of materials.

Most often, solid crowns are used together with metal-ceramics: if a part of the dentition that falls into the smile line is prosthetized with the help of a bridge prosthesis. The front teeth in such a situation are made of cermet, and those that are not visible are made of metal.

Features of coated crowns

The first coated designs were crowns made of gold, which had an appearance that was far from perfect. Metal prostheses are most often used for prosthetics of the chewing group of teeth, as they withstand high chewing loads and are wear resistant. Indications:

protection of the tooth from further destruction of the tooth damaged by caries,
prosthetics of a tooth in which a filling was previously installed,
for supporting bridge structures.

Pros and cons of metal prostheses

One of the main advantages of metal products is their durability. High-quality constructions serve for several decades. It is almost impossible to damage such a structure, and the appearance of cracks and chips is a rarity. Gold crowns fit almost perfectly, as the material is very pliable and elastic and does not cause irritation and allergies.

The only drawback is an unattractive appearance, so such products are not installed on the smile line so as not to spoil its aesthetics. Stamped products can be hazardous to the health of the oral cavity, since there is often a gap between the structure and the gum, in which the infection gradually accumulates, which threatens the development of the inflammatory process.

When are coated metal crowns used?

Crowns and bridges made of metal do not look very attractive, so they began to be covered with a dense substance that imitates enamel. So the product becomes more aesthetic. What other metal crowns are coated?

Hardware

The first coated prostheses were gold crowns, which looked, say, not very aesthetically pleasing. This method was the only salvation for those who lost their teeth. There were also steel structures that were more durable and did not adversely affect the condition of the oral cavity.

Metal prostheses are used for prosthetics of chewing teeth, as they withstand a high load when chewing food. Main testimony to the installation of metal crowns:

protection against carious process and further destruction,
a broken tooth that was replaced with a filling,
implant prosthetics,
to support bridge prostheses,
prosthetics of chewing elements.

Expert opinion. Dentist Volokh E.E.: “One-piece cast products are cast according to individual casts, so they tightly wrap around the tooth and are characterized by high strength and long service life. The production technology eliminates the occurrence of chips and cracks through which plaque and infection can enter.

Kinds solid crowns:

ordinary metal without spraying,
coated metal dental crowns,
a metal prosthesis is coated with another metal, most often gold. Such products are used mainly for the chewing group of teeth,
veneer dentures are used for prosthetics of the anterior teeth. The metal frame is lined with plastic or ceramic to improve the aesthetic qualities of the prosthesis. This is not a very reliable method of prosthetics, as the lining often gives chips and cracks.

Metal crowns are mainly used for prosthetics of chewing teeth.

In most cases, solid cast structures are used in conjunction with metal-ceramics: when it is necessary to make a bridge structure, part of the teeth from which falls into the smile line. In this case, the front teeth are made of metal ceramics, and the side teeth are solid cast prostheses.

What is spraying?

Metal crowns are coated with a special material - titanium nitride using a vacuum-plasma method. Dentists borrowed this technology from the industry, in which it was used to protect tools and some parts from corrosion.

That is why, until such specialized equipment appeared in dentistry, prostheses were given for coating to the nearest factory in the metalworking workshop.

The spray coating process is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere at high temperature and electric voltage. From the electrode, which is made of titanium nitride, the ions pass to the second electrode - in fact, the crown. Preliminarily, the prosthesis is degreased and polished, this contributes to a stronger connection of metals.

The structure is sprayed on absolutely all sides, it cannot be partially coated. But if the bridge or crown is made with plastic elements, this must be taken into account when spraying. In recent years, such products have caused serious controversy among doctors, as there is an assumption about their negative impact on the oral cavity and the patient's body.

How much does the construction cost? Several factors influence pricing:

status, pricing policy of the clinic,
specialist qualification,
materials used to make,
quality of materials,
related manipulations and procedures,
amount of work performed by the doctor.

Coated metal crowns and their advantages

The times when a “golden” smile was considered a prestigious and spectacular accessory that complements the appearance of every second inhabitant of our country, probably everyone remembers. Today, metal coated crowns are no longer as incredibly popular as they once were, but nevertheless firmly hold their position among more modern methods of restoring teeth.

Advantages and disadvantages of coated metal dental crowns

Expert opinion. Dentist Ivnitsky A.L.: “Until now, people of the older generation have confidence in metal alloys, giving them preference when it comes to prosthetics. Dental constructions made of metals have really earned the trust of a high level of wear resistance and biocompatibility, thanks to which their owners forgot about dental problems for many years.”

"Iron teeth", as they used to be called, have all the properties of the metal from which they are made. In total, there are several types of alloys that are used in dentistry:

gold-bearing;
titanium;
chrome-cobalt;
silver-palladium;
steel.

Their common disadvantage is the lack of naturalness - in accordance with the color of the base metal, they have a silver, gold or steel tint. Products made of gold have the most accurate and attractive appearance: the properties of this metal make it possible to produce durable crowns with a perfectly smooth surface that does not accumulate bacteria on itself and is a natural antiseptic in the oral cavity.

However, ordering artificial teeth made entirely of gold is an expensive pleasure that not everyone can afford. In this case, it is advisable to put a design made of a cheaper alloy - the cost of a metal crown coated with precious metals is several times lower. In addition, they have several important benefits:

Metal crowns are highly durable and reliable.

have durability;
well imitate the anatomical shape of native teeth;
less allergenic than non-coated crowns;
look more beautiful and presentable;
fit snugly and do not create an unpleasant sensation of having a foreign object in the mouth.

The undoubted advantage of such dental structures is that they do not spoil the taste of the products - the taste from spraying onto a metal crown is completely absent, which cannot be said about products made from simple dental steel.

Which teeth are coated with crowns?

The scope of metal crowns with spraying depends solely on the wishes and tastes of patients and has virtually no boundaries. At the same time, there are some prevailing stereotypes that allow you to navigate what orthopedic metal products are suitable for.

A one-piece cast crown for chewing teeth is ideal.

front teeth. To restore them, you can use any type of construction, but for aesthetic reasons, dentists advise patients to opt for a metal crown with white zirconium coating. This is a type of material used in the production of ceramic-metal structures, but compares favorably with them by a longer service life.
chewing teeth. It is better not to use crowns with a porcelain (ceramic) coating for their restoration: they are too fragile for this level of stress. But solid crowns, on the contrary, perfectly withstand chewing even the roughest food and do not lose their functional qualities for a long time.

Given the availability and high quality indicators of metal crowns, they will be in demand for a long time, and perhaps someday the fashion for a gold-toothed smile will return again.

Coated metal crowns

Coated metal crowns- one of the most famous methods of restoration of the tooth crown. With the help of them, you can reproduce the anatomical shape and functional ability. In addition, they protect dental tissues from external irritants.

Requirements for coated metal crowns

Metal fixed structures must meet the following criteria:

They must completely repeat the anatomical shape and recreate interdental contacts with adjacent and opposite teeth;
The design should not be higher than other teeth. Otherwise, premature contact will occur, which will increase the load on this tooth. This will lead to the development of periodontal diseases;
The metal structure should tightly cover the tooth in the neck area, while not sinking too much into the periodontal space. Otherwise, the formed gap is filled with cement, which is destroyed over time and caries may occur in this place.

Metal prostheses come with a white or yellow coating, depending on the material - it can be gold, or platinum, or palladium. The patient already chooses what color he wants in the end. The deposition occurs at a fairly high temperature with the help of an electric voltage in a nitrogen atmosphere.

Powdered artificial crowns have many advantages. First of all, this is the minimum amount of fabric to be turned. It is required to grind only to the thickness of the crown. They are very strong and durable. Almost everyone can afford such crowns.

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Indications for use:

if necessary, recreating the anatomical shape of chewing teeth;
when installing bridges as a support in the lateral sections of the dentition;
prevention of increased abrasion;
for better fixation of removable partial dentures.

It is not difficult to install a metal prosthesis with a coating. They are easier to adjust to fit as close to the neck as possible. At the first visit, the tooth needs to be sharpened. It depends on the correct preparation how the crown will fit and how tightly it will fit.

Tooth grinding starts from the chewing surface. Thickness, on average, should be 0.3-0.5 mm. Moreover, it is necessary to make sure that the same amount of tissue is removed from the tubercles and fissures. Then they move on to the side surfaces. Contact points are separated using a special separation disk. And then they process the front and inner surfaces.

It is necessary to exclude the formation of sharp corners between them. Each should flow smoothly into the other. This allows you to put the structure without difficulty and it will fit snugly against the neck. The diameter at the neck should match the diameter on the chewing surface.

Then immediately you need to take a cast, and from both jaws. From the opposite jaw is removed in order to correctly recreate the contact. It is desirable to isolate the turned tooth with a temporary crown, otherwise the gum may sit down and it will be difficult to fit the permanent structure.

According to the casts obtained in the laboratory, refractory models are obtained, according to which a wax reproduction of the crown is created. Then the crown is made. It is processed, sprayed and polished equally on all sides. The metal crown is then fitted and cemented into place. After hardening, the remaining cement is removed.

Most patients prefer gold plating to metal structures. We can say that this is the best choice. Gold itself is a durable metal and will last for many years. It is much less likely to cause an allergic reaction. They also talk about the beneficial properties and effects on the body of gold.

The only downside is the look. But since it is used mainly for lateral teeth, you can put up with it. The cost of a metal structure with a coating is less than with plastic, ceramic or porcelain cladding.

Metal prostheses can be solid or stamped. Nowadays, few people put stamped ones. Solid crowns are made from a precious metal alloy. They are stronger and last longer. The cast ones are more adjacent to the tooth, so the likelihood of food getting stuck under the structure and the occurrence of a carious process is much less.

Recently, preference is still given to metal-ceramic structures. Unfortunately, most customers pay attention, first of all, to aesthetic indicators. Metal-ceramic certainly looks very beautiful and reproduces the anatomical shape and color of the tooth. But they last less because ceramics wear out faster. In addition, when grinding, more dental tissue is removed. Of course, the choice is up to the patient. Coated metal constructions are ideal for recreating the shape and function of the chewing group.

Metal crowns

Metal crowns have been used in orthopedic practice for decades. Despite the fact that their choice has only expanded over time and more aesthetic options for prosthetics have appeared (cermet, ceramic, metal-plastic), they are still in demand due to their strength and low cost.

Types of metal crowns

If you contact a specialist in order to install a metal crown, you will be offered two options, depending on the method of its manufacture:

Stamped. Standard sleeve, which is processed with a special apparatus to give it the desired shape.
Solid cast. It is made according to individual casts by firing in a kiln. It has thicker walls, which positively affects the service life.

They are made from noble (gold, palladium, silver, platinum) and base metals (steel, nickel and chromium alloys). Due to the metallic color, only the side teeth are prosthetized with them, which are not visible when talking. Ideal for prosthetics of chewing teeth, as they withstand heavy loads.

Stamped crowns

These are prostheses that are made from factory sleeves, which are given the desired shape. They have thin walls, so there is no need to grind a large amount of tooth tissue. They are installed if there is no destruction of the roots and at least a third of the tooth crown is preserved.

To create them, use stainless steel or gold.

Ease of manufacture led not only to low cost, but also to a short service life of products. Gold stamped crowns are made from an alloy, 90% of which is gold. For the chewing surface, gold of a lower standard is used to increase its resistance to mechanical stress.

During manufacture, firing is carried out several times in order to make the metal more dense and intractable. The prosthesis should not have cracks and irregularities.

Indications for the installation of a stamped crown

Stamped crowns set:

For temporary prosthetics of a milk tooth before replacing it with a permanent one.
As a supporting element when installing a bridge prosthesis.
When a tooth is damaged by caries or injured so much that it cannot be restored with a filling.
To protect a healthy tooth if a clasp prosthesis is installed on it.

Modeling of a cast crown

A more durable option for prosthetics is the installation of a one-piece cast crown made of cobalt-chromium alloy. As the name implies, they are cast completely, and not in parts, like stamped ones. The indisputable advantage of a cast crown is the absence of solder joints, which makes it particularly durable. It fits snugly to the turned tooth, preventing the cement from dissolving and reducing the risk of food getting under it. The term of wearing is 15-20 years.

Modeling a solid crown includes several stages:

Tooth preparation. Sanded off from 0.3 to 0.5 mm of tissue.
Making casts, including adjacent and opposing teeth.
Creating a wax cap by stretching.
Casting a prosthesis.
Metal surface treatment. Fitting, finishing, polishing.

Types of cast crown

Now, several types of solid crowns are installed in the dentist's office:

Without spraying, these are ordinary metal-colored crowns.
Sprayed. If the patient is not satisfied with the low level of aesthetics, at his request, the crowns can be coated with a coating that imitates gold.
With lining. Even more aesthetic are crowns lined with ceramics. Their front part is covered with a ceramic overlay. If you have just such a prosthesis installed, be careful while eating, as ceramics tend to chip off.
Combined. With combined prosthetics, part of the crowns is lined with ceramics, and the rest, which are not visible when smiling, are installed without facing.

How metal crowns are installed

Installation is carried out in two stages:

First, the crown is temporarily installed so that the dentist observes the reaction of the tooth.
If the patient does not experience pain, at the next appointment it is removed, the temporary cement is cleaned and installed again, but with the help of glass ionomer or zinc phosphate cement.

If after the first installation it turns out that it causes discomfort to the patient, it is removed and processed again.

Properly made and installed metal crown:

It has a smooth, polished surface.
Contacts with opposite and adjacent teeth.
Mimics the anatomical shape of a real tooth.
Tightly adheres to the neck of the tooth.
It plunges into the periodontal groove by 0.2 mm.

Contraindications

In some cases, the installation of a metal crown is contraindicated or not recommended:

Due to low aesthetics, they are not installed during prosthetics of the front teeth.
The presence of an allergic reaction to alloys.
Significant damage to a living tooth.
Bruxism.
Impaired occlusion of the dentition.

Damage to a metal crown

In some cases, a metal crown can be harmful:

An ordinary solid crown costs 3,500 - 4,000 rubles; with spraying - 4,500 - 5,000, but the cost can reach 9,000 rubles. Stamped from base metal - about 2,000 rubles; from stamped gold - about 6,000 rubles.

If you want to know which crown is better to install - solid or stamped, contact a prosthetic specialist at one of your local dentistry. The list of the best dentists in your city is presented on our portal.

Modern dentistry develops quite quickly. But not all of us succeed in saving our teeth. Therefore, quite often we resort to the services of dentists. To date, a simple method of restoring a decayed tooth is the installation of a crown. There are many orthodontic prostheses that are offered in clinics. Consider one of them - this is a one piece crown.

Solid crown: description of a coated crown

- This is an orthodontic prosthesis., which is made of a specific alloy, according to individual sizes.

It is applied for prosthetic molars. But under certain conditions, a one-piece cast crown can be installed on the front teeth. Thus, cast structures with or without a coating are amenable to cladding.

Quite often, cast crowns are used as a support for a bridge or in the restoration of a damaged tooth. For cast products can be used the following materials:

nickel-chrome material;
cobalt - chrome material;
titanium alloys;
gold platinum alloys.

Gold is considered an ideal material. Since it can withstand any load on chewing teeth. But at the same time, the material is quickly erased in the same way as ordinary enamel. In the event that the structure is installed on the front row, then it will be necessary to install an additional plastic or ceramic lining.

To date, specialists in the field of dentistry distinguish several options for solid cast products. Depending on the wishes of the patient and the recommendations of the doctor, the following options can be distinguished.

Solid crown without coating. It is a budget and simple type of crown. It can shine just like polished metal.
Coated crowns installed using the vacuum-plasma method. They are covered with gold and applied to the crown. In this case, the surface of the tooth becomes perfectly matte. Despite this indicator, the dentition remains unattractive. And there is also a special indication of the use of a sprayed crown. It contains tatite nitride, which negatively affects the microflora and the condition of the mucosa. Its aggressive effect can cause an allergic reaction.
The lining of the product occurs with the help of a special application of the lining. The lining can be made of plastic or ceramic. Its service life is five years. At the same time, the design does not darken and can emit harmful substances. Ceramics can be prone to cracking and chipping.

Indications and contraindications for the installation of a one-piece prosthesis

Depending on the clinical picture of the patient, a one-piece cast construction can be used, or it can be categorically contraindicated. Consider under what conditions, you can install a cast crown.

A one-piece cast structure is installed in case of serious damage to the native crown of the tooth.
It may be that the product is installed in the event that there is native damage to the tooth.
In the event that an incorrect anomalous form of the structure appears.
When support is required for the installation of dental bridges.
Products can be installed if the tooth enamel is pathologically erased.
One-piece cast structures are installed for existing dental diseases. These include occlusion, bruxism, parafunction of masticatory muscles in any state and degree.
In case of incorrect pathological bite, cast crowns are placed.
In the event that the tooth crown is too small, an artificial structure can be installed.

Contraindications include childhood, as well as severe periodontitis.

Advantages and disadvantages of cast crowns

Like any other artificial structure, a one-piece cast structure has advantages and disadvantages. Let's consider the main ones.

First, the advantages are long service life cast products.

Secondly, the exclusion of objects, liquids getting under the crown. Cast structures have a high level of tightness.

Thirdly, have high strength.

The disadvantages of this product include the fact that when installing a one-piece cast structure, it will be necessary to remove most of the dental tissue. In the event that errors were made during the production of the structure by casting, this can lead to injury to the oral cavity. The main disadvantage of this design is its unaesthetic appearance. With such products, it will be uncomfortable to smile, since the metal prosthesis will be visible.

Cast crowns have been in use for as long as stamped products. Many clinics still provide such a service. The stamped design is a blank made of metal in the form of a sleeve. Therefore, this cap must be placed on the treated tooth. First, an impression of the tooth is taken from the patient's jaw. After that, the crown will be fixed with the help of a plaster model. Thus, the product eliminates the disadvantages.

If they are, then it is laid with cement. The price for such a design is much cheaper. But they do not have such a degree of strength as a one-piece cast construction.

The disadvantages of a stamped product include a loose fit to the gum. Unlike the one-piece cast version, foreign bodies, as well as bacteria, can enter the open channel, which will lead to the development of inflammatory processes and, as a result, the re-development of caries. Since the metal alloy of this type of design has a negative potential, it can generate microcurrents.

Thus, the combination of electrolytes with microliths leads to the development of galvanization. The disadvantages of this design include their thickness. It is only 0.3 mm. Thus, it wears out quickly. The cementation of the crown itself is also short-lived. Due to the insufficient tightness of the channel, the cement will soon crumble.

The cast construction, unlike the stamped one, has an improved alloy with special additives. Thus, the surface of her tooth becomes smooth. A long service life, unlike stamping, is also a definite plus. In addition, a reliable fit of the product to the tooth is also an advantage. Unlike other designs, cast requires minimal preparation.

Another popular option for installing an artificial prosthesis is ceramic-metal. Many people choose this design. Unlike a cast crown, metal-ceramic is best placed on the front teeth. But in the case of a chewing load, the cermet is significantly inferior to the cast one. In addition, unlike cermets, cast construction requires minimal preparation. And also the one-piece cast design has a smaller thickness, so the tooth grinds less intensively. Thus, the dentist preserves the dental tissue and the natural tooth can last much longer. In addition, cermet has a lower level of strength. It is subject to various damages and needs constant restoration.

Regardless of whether you will install crowns with or without spraying, the process of installing an artificial structure is standard.

First, the doctor performs the procedure for preparing the damaged area.

Secondly, the dentist takes an impression of the future design using a silicone mass.

Thirdly, there is a fixation of the central ratio of the jaws.

Fourthly, the fitting of the product is carried out and the occlusal relationship is checked.

Fifthly, the design lends itself to fixation.

Sixthly, a plaster model with spraying is made in a special orthodontic laboratory.

Seventh, on the basis of gypsum, a wax composition of the future design is made.

Eighth, after that, the wax will be replaced by metal in the foundry laboratory.

Ninth, the design is processed by grinding and polishing.

It should be noted that at the first stage of the examination of the oral cavity by a dentist, if a disease or plaque, deposits are detected. These issues are addressed first. Only after this is it possible to grind the tooth. Further, the design must be applied and sent for revision. After that, it is put on temporary cement. The patient must try on the structure, and the doctor checks whether the bite is broken after the installation of an artificial prosthesis. At the last stage, it is cemented, after which it sags by 0.2 millimeters, which is considered the norm for this process.

A particularly important point after artificial structures have been installed is proper care. If the structures were installed by a good master, they can last more than one year. Thus, you will not feel discomfort. But in order to do so, you need to follow certain rules.

After the stage of installation of an artificial prosthesis has passed, oral care will be required. It is worth noting that the owner of the casting should not make any special efforts.

The main thing is the care of spraying. In this case, you need to brush your teeth after every meal. Be sure to use rinses when visiting dentists. It is recommended that everyone be attentive to inflammatory processes and avoid them if possible.

Experts note that with the correct installation of cast crowns with spraying, they will last at least twenty years.

Metal crowns for teeth are still popular, since nothing has yet been invented more reliable and stronger in prosthetics. Such products have been worn by our ancestors since ancient times, and they still continue to serve people with their durability. Although the appearance of the crowns is far from the most attractive, the price and quality correspond to reality.

What it is

A one-piece cast crown is a metal product that is made from various alloys of titanium, chromium-cobalt, chromium-nickel metal, and its design is cast completely. The main area of use of this type of crowns is the prosthetics of the chewing type of teeth. This is due to their poor aesthetic component.

A (metal) one-piece crown is considered a high-precision product, which, although it has a metallic color, sits very tightly in the oral cavity. These crowns are an excellent choice for distant teeth.

Advantages of solid products

This material has a number of advantages, namely:

Strongly adjoins to tooth tissues.
Has safety (teeth do not break and do not chip off).
It has a natural anatomical shape.
A small price compared to other analogues.
Does not erase opposing teeth.
Remarkably resumes chewing performance.

Reasons for installation

Experts advise to put metal crowns only in certain cases, if:

it is those teeth that are responsible for chewing that are destroyed;
sections of the jaw row are noticeably worn;
the tooth is severely damaged or injured;
dental implants.

To put such a product, you need to visit an orthopedic dentist at least twice. First, the doctor will get acquainted with the x-rays of the oral jaw, then he will begin caries therapy for those teeth where metal crowns will be installed. From the place where the turning or preparation is planned, the nerve is removed.

Metal crown: types

As a rule, when a patient seeks help from a dentist to place a metal crown, he is offered two options, depending on the method of its production:

One piece product. It is made according to special casts by firing in a kiln. Such a crown is characterized by thick walls, which favorably affects its service life. It is produced from base (chromium, nickel, steel alloys) and noble (platinum, palladium, gold, silver) metals. Due to the steel coloring, only the lateral teeth, hidden during conversation, are prosthetized with products. They are optimally suited for prosthetics of chewing teeth, because they can withstand considerable loads.
A stamped crown is a typical sleeve that is ground with a special machine to give the product the desired shape.

Modeling of a cast crown

Such a product is considered a reliable option for prosthetics and is installed from a cobalt-chromium alloy. The (metal) crown has an indisputable advantage - it has no solder joints, and this makes it especially strong. It well covers the turned tooth, not allowing the cement mixture to dissolve and reducing the likelihood of penetration of food under it. The period of operation is 15-20 years. The modeling of a one-piece cast crown contains several points:

casting of the prosthesis;
tooth preparation (from 0.2 to 0.6 mm of tissue is removed);
production of a wax cap by stretching;
finishing, fitting, grinding, polishing of the metal surface;
creation of casts, including opposite and adjacent teeth.

Samples of such products

Today, solid metal crowns are placed in the office of an orthopedic dentist (reviews about them from most patients can be heard only positive) of several types:

Without spraying - simple products of steel color.
Sprayed. If such “beauty” does not suit the patient, if he wishes, the crowns can be made with a coating imitating gold.
Coated. Products lined with ceramics are considered even more aesthetic. Their front side is covered with a ceramic overlay. However, you should be extremely careful at the time of eating, because ceramics can chip off.
Combined. With this prosthetics, part of the crowns is covered with ceramics, while others, which are hidden when smiling, are placed without facing.

Stamped crowns

They are prostheses made from factory sleeves, which are given the necessary shape. Products differ in thin shells, so there is no need to grind a large number of tooth tissues. A crown (metal) is installed if there is no destruction of the roots, and 1/3 of the tooth is preserved. Gold is used for its production

The ease of creation determined not only the low price, but also the short service life of the material. Gold ones are made from an alloy that is 90% gold.

Manufacturing steps

There are certain stages in creating such a crown:

the patient is given casts of both jaws to model the product, which should be done within 15 minutes, until the raw material is compressed;
the lines of the prosthesis are marked on the plaster so that it does not come out too wide or narrow;
then comes modeling with wax, which is applied to the surface of the plaster - thus, the crown (metal) gets an anatomical shape;

according to the traced model, a steel stamp is created, which is driven into the sleeve;
external stamping is carried out using a screw press;
the stamp is removed, and the edges of the product are cut off with special scissors.

During the manufacturing period, firing is repeatedly carried out so that the metal becomes more stubborn and strong. The prosthesis should not have irregularities and cracks.

Indications for the installation of a stamped product

Installation of a metal crown is performed:

for preliminary prosthetics of a milk tooth before it is replaced by a permanent one;
for savings;
as a fundamental component during installation;
if the tooth is so injured or damaged by caries that it is unrealistic to renew it with a filling.

Crown installation process

Such an event usually occurs in 2 stages:

At first, the product is placed temporarily so that the doctor can observe the reaction of the tooth.
If the patient does not complain of pain, then at the next visit the crown is removed, cleaned of preliminary cement and reinstalled, but with zinc phosphate or glass ionomer cement.

If, as a result of the first installation, it is found that the metal crown (photo below) causes discomfort to the patient, then it will be removed and processed again.

What should be a properly installed product

Properly made and placed crown:

adheres firmly to the shell of the tooth;
has a smooth, polished shape;
sags into the periodontal recess by 0.2 mm;
reproduces the anatomical shape of the molar;
in contact with adjacent and opposite teeth.

Contraindications for installation

In some cases, it is not recommended to put a metal crown if there is:

bruxism;
the presence of an allergic reaction to steel;
disturbed bite of the dentition;
tangible damage to a living tooth;
complex due to poor aesthetics in the prosthetics of the anterior teeth.

What harm is a metal crown

In certain situations, such a product can cause damage:

Due to its installation, a galvanic syndrome may appear. This is due to the use of several alloys to create an orthopedic structure. Mixing different materials leads to the formation of a galvanic current. There are headaches, swelling, some diseases, a taste of metal, sleep disturbance, burning in the mouth.
A crown (stamped) is not produced from individual casts, and therefore it is not suitable for a sufficient restoration of the functions of a living tooth.
The product does not adhere closely to the tooth, creating a gap between the walls, into which food remains penetrate. Therefore, rotting of healthy tissues can occur under it.
The one-piece cast crown has good thermal conductivity. If it was placed on a non-pulpless tooth, then during the reception of hot food, unpleasant sensations may appear.

Timeless technology

The manufacture of metal crowns is the “forever young” technology of the last century, which has hardly been modernized in recent years. Along with some modern and fashionable permanent prosthetics, it remains just as popular. And this is not surprising, since the main reason for such relevance is the low cost of the prosthesis with high strength.

Metal crowns are timeless classics, and they are in demand even though ceramic crowns have appeared, which look more attractive. What are their advantages?

Crowns are the best help for the most seemingly hopeless teeth. Even if the natural crown part is practically destroyed, there is no need to remove a healthy root. Of course, a titanium pin can be inserted in its place, but unnecessary interventions in the body are useless.

Metal crowns are considered by some to be a kind of "relic of the past" - they were replaced by snow-white ceramics. However, the quality of the "classics" is not called into question, and it is better to replace some with "iron". In addition, there is a great alternative - metal crowns with an even white coating.

What are they needed for

With the help of metal nozzles, you can restore teeth that have lost a large amount of hard tissue. The reason for the destruction does not matter, the main thing is a healthy root that can still be saved. In rare cases, with the help of metal crowns on the teeth, problems of abnormal location or diastemata are solved.

Similar products are also needed to create a prosthesis, they are installed on a pin - an artificial root. With their help, you can completely restore the natural functionality, crowns cope with chewing loads no worse than real teeth.

Before installation, it is necessary to completely cure the problematic tooth - remove caries, periodontitis or pulpitis, seal single-root canals. Products take root better on non-depulped multi-rooted chewing teeth, therefore, during preparation, dentists try to preserve the pulp.

With a strong destruction of the coronal part, treatment alone is not enough - iron pins must be inserted into the root canals, part of the hard tissues can be restored using a composite (filling) material. After that, you can start turning the tooth for the installation of crowns.

Advantages and disadvantages

One of the main advantages is durability. Approximately iron chewing teeth can serve for several decades. It is almost impossible to damage them during operation, the risk of chips or cracks is reduced to zero. Crowns made of gold metals are very easy to process, they fit with maximum precision during installation and ideally imitate the required shape of the tooth. Another plus is that during chewing activity they do not have a negative effect on the opposite natural tooth.

Titanium crowns are not inferior in quality to gold prostheses - they have no side effects, are non-toxic and are even used to treat children's teeth. The quality and reliability of materials make it possible to place products on chewing teeth, which, unlike the front teeth, face serious chewing loads every day.

The most expensive option is gold dentures, the price of conventional metal dentures is less painful for the wallet.

The main disadvantage is the appearance: dental crowns made of metal look very different from natural ones, which is why they are practically not placed on the front teeth so as not to disturb the aesthetics of a smile. Their visibility will depend on the structure of the jaw, in some people chewing teeth are noticeable when talking. Coated metal crowns can solve the problem.

Products from a conventional alloy are affordable, but with individual intolerance to certain types of metals, they can cause an allergic reaction.

In this case, her crown will have to be removed and another option for prosthetics should be sought. Patients prone to allergies will have to choose more expensive, non- and safer metals that will not harm the body.

Stamped prostheses can be somewhat dangerous: there is a small gap between the tooth and the gum, because of this there is a high probability of inflammation of the soft tissues, an unpleasant odor and the development of caries. The thin walls of the “stamps” gradually wear out and can significantly worsen the condition of the tooth, which as a result will have to be removed.

Types of metal crowns

Metal dental crowns can be divided into two types: stamped and cast.

Forged products are easier to manufacture and their cost is lower than that of cast ones. The design is a cap that is put on the tooth like a case. With this method of prosthetics, minimal turning is required - the walls of stamped dental crowns are very thin, it is permissible to use on living teeth.

There are also disadvantages: the lost chewing functions are not fully restored, with long-term use, the material may be erased, and with a loose fit, there is a high risk of developing caries.

One-piece cast prostheses are made by the one-piece casting method. There are several options for the patient to choose from - with or without spraying, with lining or in the form of a combined bridge prosthesis. The advantages include strength and high wear resistance.

For the manufacture of cast crowns, it is necessary to first make an individual cast of the jaw, so that the shape of the product will be as similar as possible to natural teeth. This eliminates the risk of cracks, through which bacteria can penetrate under the crown.

In addition, such dentures can be made more aesthetic: by spraying on dental crowns. Another option is a plastic or ceramic veneer, which will make the tooth look as natural as possible. However, there is a small risk: the facing coating may crack, the appearance of small chips is not excluded.

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Metal dental crowns

Metal crowns are made from a mixture of gold, copper, titanium and other metals that provide strength and corrosion resistance. One example of a classic metal crown is a gold crown, or more specifically, an alloy of gold. Over the decades, many different metal alloys have been used in the creation of dental crowns. Some of these metals may be silver in color and may contain various mixtures of various metals such as titanium, vitalium (a cobalt-chromium alloy), silver, etc. Next, we will consider in more detail the types of metal crowns.

Metal dental crowns

A gold crown is an excellent choice and is recommended for back teeth. Gold is a very workable metal - it helps to achieve a very precise fit to the crown. Gold crowns can withstand strong bites and squeezes well. Of all types of dental crowns, gold ones have the most potential for long-term wear. In addition, the wear rate of a gold crown is about the same as that of tooth enamel. This means that the gold on the dental crown will not create excessive wear on the opposing teeth. The only problem with gold crowns currently is the high cost of gold.

Metal crowns coated in white and yellow

In cases where a metal crown is being removed, you may have a preference as to whether the crown should be placed in yellow (like gold) or silver (“white”). The composition of the alloy determines its color. Noble metals for teeth: gold, platinum and palladium. In most cases, the total cost between using a noble or base metal alloy can be small, so if you have a large crown it can be the deciding factor.

Allergic harm and service life of metal crowns

You should also be aware that some people are allergic to metals. Studies have reported that about 10% of the female population and 5% of the male population are allergic to nickel, chromium and/or beryllium (these metals are often found in non-precious alloy crowns).

Solid metal crowns and bridges

As their name indicates, these prostheses consist entirely of a single piece of alloy. The metals used in crowns and bridges consist of gold alloys, other noble alloys (eg palladium) or a base metal alloy (eg nickel, chromium, titanium). Stainless steel or aluminum are used as temporary crowns.

Photo of metal crowns on teeth

Compared to other types of crowns, metal crowns minimize the removal of tooth structure and wear on opposing teeth. Metal crowns and metal bridges withstand strong bites, break less often and last longer. The main disadvantage of cast metal crowns during restoration is their unaesthetic appearance - metallic color is the main disadvantage. Indications

Metal crowns and bridges are a good choice for back teeth.
To replace acrylic or composite veneers, a cast metal crown may be the best choice.
Although porcelain fused to metal seems to be the best solution, solid crowns made of gold and titanium are still widely used on posterior teeth.

Solid gold crowns and bridges

Gold is an excellent alloy for teeth and is used for various types of indirect restorations such as:

Crowns and bridges made of porcelain fused with gold.
Solid gold crowns and bridges.
Removable partial dentures or inserts.

Gold alloy is made up of many different types of elements: noble metals such as: gold, platinum, palladium, silver; Non-ferrous metals: copper, tin and others. The correct gold alloy should contain at least 60% precious metals.

Advantages of gold alloys 1. Gold alloy will not corrode. Some metal alloys, under the influence of saliva, can move to the so-called phenomenon as corrosion. This can result in an unsightly gray discoloration on the top of the tooth crown. 2. Gold alloy has superior strength and resistance. The main advantage is that gold alloys can be made to very thin thicknesses and still retain strength and stability. This has the advantage that less tooth tissue will be removed during the restoration. 3. Gold alloys are much lighter than non-ferrous alloys (with the exception of titanium). 4. Gold alloys are very well tolerated by the body and do not cause allergic reactions.

Cast metal titanium crowns and bridges

The use of titanium alloys for medical and dental work has increased dramatically in recent years. Because of its many physical and mechanical properties, titanium is used as a material for dental implants and dentures. The strength and stiffness of titanium are comparable to other noble or high noble alloys used in dentistry.

In dentistry, titanium is used for many purposes: mainly for dental implants. It is the main material for the manufacture of porcelain crowns, solid metal crowns, etc. Although the cost of titanium prostheses is high, it usually does not reach the price of gold crowns.

Dental crowns made of base metal alloys

Solid metal prostheses are less expensive. They have good strength and durability, although they are inferior to gold or titanium alloys. Various metal alloys are used for manufacturing: nickel, chromium, iron and other stainless steels. As already mentioned, aluminum is used mainly for temporary crowns. It is a good choice when patients cannot afford more expensive crowns.

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What are dental crowns

In modern dentistry, crowns for teeth are divided into types depending on the material from which they are made. They are metal, metal-ceramic and all-ceramic. When choosing one or another prosthesis, they proceed from clinical indications, the wishes of the patient himself and, of course, the cost.

Types of crowns for teeth

Metal. The first type of crowns that appeared, however, it still finds application. They are made from various metal alloys - titanium, stainless or chrome-cobalt steel. Metal dental crowns made of gold or platinum are also popular. They can be either completely made of precious metals, or only coated. Metal dental crowns provide a complete restoration of the chewing function of the tooth, but in appearance they are the most unaesthetic. The price of dental crowns made of metal is one of the most affordable.

Golden dental crowns. About 20 years ago, gold was the most popular crown material. Today, the “gold tooth” is more kitsch than fashion, but in the outback, gold dental crowns are sometimes still popular. As you know, gold, as well as a "medical" alloy based on it, are considered one of the most acceptable metals for the body, so it is advised, for example, to wear only gold earrings for the first six months after a puncture. However, what is beautiful in the ears is not very beautiful in the mouth. However, as mentioned above, such prostheses perform the chewing function quite adequately, which cannot be said about the aesthetic one.

Metal-ceramic dental crowns. The medium option, which combines strength and, judging by patient reviews of metal-ceramic dental crowns, a relatively natural appearance. The inner part of the structure is made of metal, and the outer part is made of ceramics. With all the advantages available, ceramic-metal prosthetics are inferior to all-ceramic ones, since even with a slight decrease in the gum, a metal rim becomes noticeable. But such a problem is eliminated if you install a crown with a ledge or use zirconium dioxide (white metal) instead of traditional alloys.

Ceramic. The most expensive and most aesthetic view. In addition to the fact that ceramics allow you to create constructions with the same transparency and color as natural teeth, it is also the most biocompatible material of all of the above. Ceramic crowns without metal impurities are ideal for prosthetics in the smile zone, but unfortunately, they are not always suitable for chewing teeth due to some strength problems.

Dental crowns on implants

When prosthetics on implants, the best option for restoring the front teeth, for which aesthetics is important, will be dental crowns made of metal-free ceramics. This is because the metal can show through the ceramic, which mimics the transparency of natural tooth tissue. Therefore, in order to achieve a high esthetic result, the use of a zirconia abutment is recommended. As for posterior teeth, aesthetics are not as important as functionality, so metal-ceramic dental crowns on implants may be acceptable. For those patients who do not compromise between aesthetics and function, zirconia crowns are recommended on the implant.

Installing a crown on a tooth

A dental crown is installed on one tooth in several stages.

Diagnostics. To find out if it is possible to put a crown on a tooth, the doctor examines the oral cavity visually and always sends it to an x-ray.

Treatment. Then the necessary treatment is carried out. Most likely, you will have to remove the nerve under the crown and fill the canals.

Grinding teeth for crowns. If the dental tissue is slightly destroyed, then the remaining walls are ground. In the case when the “top” of the tooth is completely absent, then an additional dental inlay is installed under the crown, which will ensure its reliable fixation. Previously, a pin was installed instead of an inlay; today, a dental crown on a pin is considered an outdated technique that has a number of complications leading to tooth loss.

Manufacturing of dental crowns. After carrying out all the preparatory manipulations, the patient is taken casts, which are sent to the dental laboratory.

Installation of dental crowns. This is followed by fitting the finished product in the oral cavity and installation. Many people are concerned about the question “How are dental crowns glued?”. Orthopedic constructions are planted on a special cement, which allows the prosthesis to hold on for a long time and reliably.

All manipulations are carried out over several visits. The production of dental crowns is possible in a few hours, provided that the necessary equipment is available in dentistry.

How to put a crown on a tooth

Crown on a living tooth without depulpation

If we are talking about grinding healthy teeth to fix a dental bridge, then an important question arises about the need for depulpation of the tooth. Everything is very individual here. But, as a rule, doctors prefer not to take risks and in most cases remove the nerve.

Color of dental crowns

Modern technologies make it possible to produce orthopedic structures that are indistinguishable from natural teeth. Naturally, we are talking about ceramic, metal-ceramic and plastic crowns, and not about metal ones. Ceramics, used in modern dentistry, is able to completely imitate the color and transparency of the enamel adjacent to the prosthetic teeth. The same applies to the plastic used to make temporary crowns. But if we are talking about metal ceramics, then crowns with a zirconium frame can “get into color”, and in the case of other metals, the frame can shine through artificial enamel. In modern dental laboratories, the color and shade of enamel for crowns is selected according to the Vita scale, which represents most of the natural shades of teeth.

How are dental crowns removed?

There are 3 main ways.

Kopp apparatus. With a special drill, the doctor breaks the cement at the base of the prosthesis, then removes the structure with forceps.
Sawing. The structure is cut in the center and removed.
Coronaflex. The crown is removed gently and without damage using compressed air. The method is expensive, but after the procedure it is possible to re-install an artificial tooth.

Dental crowns are removed when the following problems occur:

Toothache under the crown

Modern materials make it possible to make dental crowns that fit as closely as possible to the tissues of the prepared tooth, however, sadly, the patient sometimes gets the feeling that his dental crown hurts. Of course, it’s not the crown that hurts at all, but the tooth under it. Toothache under a crown can mean several different problems, but the most common is the formation of secondary caries at the site of the crown to the tooth tissues. If this happens, be prepared to remove dental crowns, re-prep teeth and install new orthopedic structures. If this is not done, the tooth under the crown can completely collapse, leading to its loss.

Caries under the crown

Sometimes this is due to the mistake of a doctor or a dental technician when the procedures for making or installing a crown were violated: if it does not fit snugly against the tooth, if saliva got under it during installation, if caries was not completely treated, the formation of secondary caries under the crown is more than likely .

Unpleasant smell from under the crown

The smell from under the dental crown occurs when food residues or saliva get under the prosthesis. Bacteria in this environment multiply faster, causing an unpleasant odor. Inflammatory processes in the dental tissues under the prosthesis also lead to an unpleasant odor.

Important! The removal of dental crowns and the installation of new ones must be done approximately every 10 years, otherwise you risk being among those users who frantically write in the search bar in the browser: “I swallowed a dental crown, what should I do ?!”. By the way, modern materials for the manufacture of crowns are absolutely non-toxic; sharp edges and chips are dangerous if swallowed. Therefore, if it was not a small piece of a fallen off crown that was swallowed, but the entire structure or its solid part, you should consult a doctor - a surgeon, a gastroenterologist, or the nearest emergency room.

Can a crown on a tooth be inexpensive?

The cost of a dental crown for one tooth will directly depend on the type of material used, the method of its manufacture, the category of the clinic and its location, as well as the qualifications of the orthopedist. For example, in Moscow, prices for metal crowns can vary from 3,000 to 16,000 rubles, for ceramic-metal crowns - from 7,000 to 40,000 rubles, and the average cost of a ceramic crown is about 21,000 rubles. You can find out in more detail how much a particular dental crown for one tooth will cost at an in-person consultation at a dental clinic.

The best dental crowns

Perhaps every patient who thinks about prosthetics asks the question: “Which dental crowns are better?”. Once again, we remind you that any decision, including the choice of crown material, should be made jointly by the doctor and the patient. A conscientious dentist will always tell you about the best crowns for the front teeth, about all the options for prosthetics, as well as about the pros and cons of one or another option specifically in your case. Thus, the best dental crowns are those recommended by your doctor. If we are talking about the advantages of materials, then, without a doubt, all-ceramic crowns, made by pressing or by manufacturing on refractory models, are in the lead. They are ideal for anterior restorations from an aesthetic point of view, as they accurately reproduce the color and translucency of natural enamel, and are strong enough to withstand the same chewing load as the patient's natural teeth.

Restoration of dental crowns

Prostheses, like natural teeth, need care - thorough oral hygiene and restoration of dental crowns. Service life and the need for repair depend on the material. Structures made of ceramics and cermets are prone to the formation of defects. Zirconia is more durable and cannot be broken or scratched. A zirconia prosthesis lasts about twenty years and does not need to be repaired. As a rule, the indications for the restoration of the crown of the tooth are chips, cracks and discoloration of the structure. Only a specialist should carry out the procedure, experiments at home often lead to breakage of the prosthesis or damage to healthy teeth.

What to do if the crown fell off the tooth?

The prosthesis may fall out when installed on low-quality cement or in violation of the manufacturing technology of the structure itself. If a tooth crown has fallen off, you should make an appointment with the dentist as soon as possible. The specialist will diagnose, find out the cause and offer options for further action.

In anticipation of a visit to the doctor, you should rinse and disinfect the prosthesis, clean the tab. You can try to install the structure in place if the process does not cause discomfort and pain. Dental cement sold in a pharmacy will help to temporarily fix an artificial tooth. This measure is necessary to prevent food and bacteria from entering the dental cavity before consulting a specialist. In the case when the crown fell out of the tooth along with the tab, it is recommended to seal the damaged area with cement gel - the resulting “filling” will also protect against infection.

If the crown of the tooth is broken, and not flown off, you must carefully remove a piece of the prosthesis and treat the sharp edge with pharmaceutical glue to avoid injury.

Important! It happens that the dental crown fell out, and the patient swallowed it. Then you should immediately contact the dentist. The prosthesis material is non-toxic, but sharp edges can damage the esophageal mucosa.

When choosing a clinic and a doctor to install a crown, it is important to understand that a quality product cannot be cheap and made in one day. Incorrectly manufactured and installed orthopedic construction can cause various complications in the form of periodontitis, malocclusion, damage to contact teeth and other unpleasant problems. If you feel any discomfort or pain after the crown is placed, you should immediately seek help from your dentist.

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Types of metal crowns

If you contact a specialist in order to install a metal crown, you will be offered two options, depending on the method of its manufacture:

Stamped. Standard sleeve, which is processed with a special apparatus to give it the desired shape.
Solid cast. It is made according to individual casts by firing in a kiln. It has thicker walls, which positively affects the service life.

Stamped crowns

To create them, use stainless steel or gold.

Manufacturing steps:

During manufacture, firing is carried out several times in order to make the metal more dense and intractable. The prosthesis should not have cracks and irregularities.

Indications for the installation of a stamped crown

Stamped crowns set:

For temporary prosthetics of a milk tooth before replacing it with a permanent one.
As a supporting element when installing a bridge prosthesis.
When a tooth is damaged by caries or injured so much that it cannot be restored with a filling.
To protect a healthy tooth if a clasp prosthesis is installed on it.

Modeling a solid crown includes several stages:

Tooth preparation. Sanded off from 0.3 to 0.5 mm of tissue.
Making casts, including adjacent and opposing teeth.
Creating a wax cap by stretching.
Casting a prosthesis.
Metal surface treatment. Fitting, finishing, polishing.

Types of cast crown

Now, several types of solid crowns are installed in the dentist's office:

Without spraying, these are ordinary metal-colored crowns.
Sprayed. If the patient is not satisfied with the low level of aesthetics, at his request, the crowns can be coated with a coating that imitates gold.
With lining. Even more aesthetic are crowns lined with ceramics. Their front part is covered with a ceramic overlay. If you have just such a prosthesis installed, be careful while eating, as ceramics tend to chip off.
Combined. With combined prosthetics, part of the crowns is lined with ceramics, and the rest, which are not visible when smiling, are installed without facing.

How metal crowns are installed

Installation is carried out in two stages:

First, the crown is temporarily installed so that the dentist observes the reaction of the tooth.
If the patient does not experience pain, at the next appointment it is removed, the temporary cement is cleaned and installed again, but with the help of glass ionomer or zinc phosphate cement.

If after the first installation it turns out that it causes discomfort to the patient, it is removed and processed again.

Properly made and installed metal crown:

It has a smooth, polished surface.
Contacts with opposite and adjacent teeth.
Mimics the anatomical shape of a real tooth.
Tightly adheres to the neck of the tooth.
It plunges into the periodontal groove by 0.2 mm.

Contraindications

In some cases, the installation of a metal crown is contraindicated or not recommended:

Due to low aesthetics, they are not installed during prosthetics of the front teeth.
The presence of an allergic reaction to alloys.
Significant damage to a living tooth.
Bruxism.
Impaired occlusion of the dentition.

Damage to a metal crown

In some cases, a metal crown can be harmful:

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When to use

The coating is used not only in prosthetics, but also in dentistry. With a strong destruction of the enamel, a special paint is applied to the teeth, which protects the enamel from further destruction and provides excellent aesthetic performance.

During prosthetics, metal structures are covered with a white substance from above. This allows you to use them for the front group. Zirconium-coated structures are also used. In this case, the material is a zirconium mass, which is evenly distributed on a metal base. Such material is a barrier to the penetration of metal particles into the oral cavity, thereby minimizing the risk of an allergic reaction to the metal.

Varieties of alloys

The following alloys are used to create the coating: gold-bearing, titanium, cobalt-chromium, silver-palladium, steel. The disadvantage of many products is the lack of naturalness, because, in accordance with the color of the base metal, the products acquire a silver, gold or steel hue. Devices with gold lining are considered to be the most attractive. They have a smooth surface, do not accumulate pathogens and food particles. Gold is considered an antiseptic material.

The disadvantage of such designs is that they are too expensive, they are not available for all patients. Currently, titanium nitride coatings are increasingly used in dental practice. It looks as natural as possible, such models can be placed not only on the chewing group of the dentition, but also on the frontal group, since there are high aesthetic indicators.

The advantages of cladding devices include:

long period of operation;
maximum naturalness, their shade does not differ from real elements;
imitation of the anatomical shape of a real element;
no allergic reactions to metal;
tight grip on the neck of the tooth, so that the patient does not feel a foreign object in the mouth.

The indisputable advantage of such dental devices is also the fact that during their operation the taste sensations do not deteriorate, since there is no metallic taste in the mouth, which cannot be said about traditional structures made of dental steel. Which device to choose for the restoration of the dentition, the doctor decides based on the state of the oral cavity and his own tooth. An important factor in choosing models is the patient's budget, since crowns with different coatings differ significantly in cost and are not available to everyone.

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Source: zubi5.ru