The reason for not having periods. Gynecological reasons for the absence of menstruation. Various types of disease

A woman who loves herself should monitor the regularity and regularity of her menstrual cycle - this is the main indicator of her health.

If the cycle has failed and menstruation is premature, or there is a long delay, this is a clear signal indicating that you need to contact a gynecologist to find out why there is no menstruation.

A slight delay of two or three days should not cause concern. Even a week is not an indicator.

But if there is no menstruation for a month, you should seriously think about your health.

The absence of menstruation can be caused by a number of reasons, including troubles, for example, at work.

A slight delay of 3 days or even a week can be caused by:

• stress;
• climate change;
• weather;
• and even a change in the usual rhythm of life.

Also, the absence of menstruation can be directly provoked by taking pharmaceutical preparations, medicines that contain any hormones that are prescribed after miscarriages or abortions.

What to do in such cases? Nothing - in this case, treatment is not required.

Young girls who have not yet formed a menstrual cycle should not worry about why on time. Menstruation can be delayed for more than a week, sometimes even a month. Over time, the cycle will form and menstruation will begin strictly on a certain day of the cycle.

But if the girl had sexual intercourse at the same time, especially when, it is worth checking for pregnancy. This does not mean that the pregnancy has come. Most likely, you need to exclude this fact and make sure of the opposite.

When there is cause for concern

The maximum allowable delay in menstruation, which should not particularly disturb a woman “why there is no menstruation”, is approximately 10 days. But this is provided that the woman is not pregnant.

You can check for pregnancy with a test that will show pregnancy after. And if there is no menstruation, but not pregnant - this is already a cause for concern.

Sometimes there are situations when menstruation does not go for a couple of days. Their delay can be delayed for a month or even more. If menstruation has not started within a week or two, then you can try, but only on condition that everything must be agreed with the doctor.

Why the failure occurred - only an experienced specialist can answer this question.

If an absolutely healthy girl who had no delays before has no periods for more than 10 days or even a month, this is a good reason to visit a antenatal clinic.

What to do if there is no menstruation?

If this is the first time a woman has such a situation and her health is normal, you can try to induce menstruation by increasing physical activity. It can be harder than usual, physical labor or diligent fitness.

In many cases, after such a shake-up for the body, menstruation begins.

There can be a lot of reasons and a woman should understand that the factors for the absence of menstruation can be:

• pathological;
• hereditary diseases;
• as well as natural physiological.

So what if? Before you panic and grab your head, you need to test for pregnancy at least three times in a row. If, then you need to see a doctor to determine the cause of the delay.

It is important to remember: the maximum delay in menstruation can be up to ten days. If there is no menstruation, this is a cause for concern.

What factors can cause delayed menstruation

A woman should have accessible and correct information about what are the reasons that can provoke a delay in menstruation.

• Abortion (). After an abortion, the menstrual cycle can be restored for 3-4 months and there may be a lack of menstruation. If a woman had a cycle of 28 days before the abortion, then after surgery there may be long delays. In this case, a maximum delay of 7-10 days can be considered normal.
• Gynecological diseases. In the absence of pregnancy, the delay in menstruation can be maximum, up to 10 days. If there is no menstruation, these may be the first symptoms of amenorrhea. In this case, a woman should definitely visit a gynecologist.
• Taking contraceptives. Hormonal causes hyperinhibition of the ovaries, which can cause the absence of menstruation. In case of ovarian dysfunction, you should stop taking contraceptives and consult a doctor to prescribe other drugs.
• stressful situations. The maximum delay in menstruation can cause severe stress. Depending on the body, in stressful situations, menstruation may go ahead of schedule, or vice versa, there will be a long delay.
• Sports. Intensive fitness activities can cause a delay in menstruation. It should be noted that the maximum delay can be ten days. If there is no period, buy or consult a doctor immediately.
• Diets. Starvation diets, in which weight is sharply reduced, can lead not only to a delay for the most maximum allowable periods, but also to a complete absence of menstruation in the future. In gynecology, there is such a thing as critical menstrual weight. Usually, at this weight, girls begin their first menstruation. If diets lead to weight loss below the critical menstrual weight, menstruation may completely stop. This disease is called amenorrhea (complete absence of menstruation for a long period).

The reasons for the delay in menstruation may be enough, but the doctor will make an accurate diagnosis. Do not try to diagnose yourself and self-medicate. The maximum allowable delay in menstruation depends on its causes. And this reason can be early pregnancy, which the test does not show.

The absence of menstruation and at the same time there is no pregnancy is a serious reason to visit a gynecologist, who, quite possibly, you have not been to for too long.

By the way a woman's reproductive system functions, one can judge the general state of health. The appearance of cycle disorders, delayed menstruation indicate deviations in the work of the endocrine, nervous and other systems. Regular menstruation of normal duration suggests that the level of hormones is normal, a woman is able to become pregnant. The reasons for the delay in menstruation can be the processes of natural age-related changes, the body's reaction to external factors. A deviation from the norm is often a sign of a serious illness.

Content:

What is considered a delay in menstruation

It is considered normal if a woman's period comes in 21-35 days. A delay of more than 10 days is a pathology if it is not associated with a physiological restructuring of the body. 1-2 times a year, a slight delay in menstruation occurs in every woman. If this is repeated constantly, then you need to see a doctor for an examination.

Menstruation may occur at intervals of more than 40 days (oligomenorrhea, opsomenorrhea), and may also be absent for several menstrual cycles (amenorrhea).

There are natural causes for missed periods. In addition to pregnancy, this, for example, can be lactation, menopause. If the delay is not associated with normal physiological processes, then the nature of the pathology must be immediately established in order to avoid complications.

Physiological causes of delayed menstruation

The menstrual cycle is a strict sequence of processes associated with the preparation of the female body for pregnancy. Even in a perfectly healthy woman, malfunctions of this mechanism can occur under the influence of external factors. These include:

1. Emotional state: tense expectation of menstruation, if a woman is afraid of an unwanted pregnancy, stress at work, personal experiences.
2. Increased physical and mental stress, intense sports.
3. Moving to a new place of residence, climate change, occupation, daily routine.
4. Improper nutrition, passion for diets, obesity, beriberi.
5. Colds, chronic gastritis, diabetes, kidney disease.
6. Taking antibiotics and certain other medications.
7. Use of hormonal contraceptives, abrupt withdrawal of contraception.
8. Hormonal changes in the body during puberty. Within 1-2 years, menstruation comes irregularly, even missing for several months due to the immaturity of the ovaries. Then the cycle gets better. If this does not happen, then it is necessary to find out the cause of the violations.
9. Changes in the hormonal background during menopause. Rare irregular periods are a sign of the onset of the perimenopausal period, preceding the complete cessation of menstruation.
10. An increase in the level of prolactin in the body in the postpartum period associated with milk production. If a woman does not breastfeed a child, then menstruation is restored after 2 months. If she feeds, then menstruation comes after the termination of the attachment of the child to the breast.

Note: If menstruation does not come 1 year after childbirth, this may be a sign of a disease that has arisen due to birth trauma.

Constant delays occur due to intoxication of the body with alcohol, drugs, nicotine. Cycle disorders often occur in women working in hazardous industries on the night shift.

Video: Causes of delayed menstruation. When to See a Doctor

Pathologies that lead to delays in menstruation

In addition to pregnancy, the cause of delayed menstruation can be diseases of the reproductive and endocrine systems.

Hormonal disorders

A common cause of menstrual irregularities are diseases of the thyroid gland, pituitary gland, adrenal glands, ovaries, causing hormonal imbalance.

Hypothyroidism- insufficient production of thyroid hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Without these substances, the production of sex hormones in the ovaries is impossible: estrogens, progesterone, FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), which ensure the maturation of the egg, ovulation and other processes of the menstrual cycle. Delayed menstruation is one of the first signs of thyroid disease in women.

Hyperprolactinemia- a disease of the pituitary gland associated with excessive production of prolactin. This hormone suppresses the production of estrogens, which are responsible for the timely maturation of eggs. The work of the ovaries is disturbed with congenital underdevelopment of the pituitary gland, brain tumors.

Adenoma(benign tumor) of the pituitary or adrenal glands. Leads to obesity, excessive growth of body hair, menstrual irregularities.

Ovarian dysfunction- violation of the production of sex hormones in the ovaries. This condition may be the result of inflammatory diseases, hormonal disorders, the installation of an intrauterine device, the use of hormonal drugs.

Video: Why menstruation is delayed or absent

Diseases of the reproductive system

Inflammatory diseases of the uterus and ovaries lead to a violation of the production of hormones that are responsible for the processes of maturation of eggs, follicles, endometrium. As a result, they are often the cause of the delay. At the same time, the volume and nature of the discharge changes, pains appear in the lower abdomen, lower back, as well as other symptoms. Often, inflammatory processes are the cause of infertility, the occurrence of tumors of the organs of the reproductive system, mammary glands. Inflammatory diseases occur due to the penetration of infection with improper hygienic care of the genitals, unprotected intercourse, traumatic damage to the uterus during childbirth, abortion, curettage.

Salpingoophoritis- inflammation of the uterus and appendages (tubes and ovaries). The process can cause ovarian dysfunction.

endometritis- inflammation of the mucous membrane of the uterus, which leads to the appearance of hypomenstrual syndrome (menstruation can come after 5-8 weeks and even no more than 4 times a year).

cervicitis- inflammation of the cervix. The process easily passes to the uterus and appendages.

hyperplasia of the endometrium. There is a pathological thickening of the mucous layer lining the uterus. It is the cause of a long delay in menstruation, after which heavy bleeding occurs. Pathology occurs due to hormonal disorders caused by diseases of the endocrine glands.

uterine fibroids- a benign tumor in the uterus, single or in the form of several nodes located both outside and inside the uterus. This disease is characterized by irregular menstruation. Long delays can alternate with a short cycle.

Polycystic ovaries- the formation of multiple cysts outside or inside the ovaries. The disease can occur without symptoms. It is often found when examining a woman for a long (more than 1 month) absence of menstruation.

Polyps of the uterus- the formation of pathological nodes in the endometrium, can spread to the neck. Delays in menstruation, prolonged heavy bleeding are characteristic. Often there is a malignant degeneration of tissues.

endometriosis- growth of the endometrium in the tubes, ovaries, in neighboring organs. This disrupts the patency of the fallopian tubes, which can cause a delay in menstruation. In addition to normal pregnancy, menstruation with endometriosis does not come on time due to an ectopic pregnancy, if the embryo is attached in the tube, and not in the uterine cavity. As a result, a pipe rupture can occur, which is life-threatening for a woman. Instead of the expected menstruation, spotting with an admixture of blood appears. A woman should pay attention to the appearance of symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, pulling pain in the lower abdomen (on the side where the egg was attached).

An ectopic pregnancy also occurs after diseases that lead to adhesions of the tubes and ovaries (salpingoophoritis).

Hypoplasia of the endometrium- underdevelopment of the uterine mucosa, in which the endometrial layer remains too thin, cannot hold a fertilized egg. This leads to termination of pregnancy at the very beginning, when the woman does not yet know about her onset. The next menstruation comes with a delay, brown spotting may appear before it. Hypoplasia is the result of inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs, operations on the uterus and ovaries, hormonal disorders in the body.

Addition: One common cause of delay is anorexia, a mental illness associated with an eating disorder. It is usually seen in young women. The desire to lose weight becomes an obsession. At the same time, food ceases to be absorbed, complete exhaustion occurs. Menstruation comes with increasing delay and then disappears. If you manage to restore weight, then menstruation reappears.

Why constant delays in menstruation are dangerous

Permanent delays in menstruation indicate hormonal disorders, lack of ovulation, abnormal changes in the structure of the endometrium. Pathology can occur due to serious, even dangerous diseases: tumors of the uterus, endocrine glands, polycystic ovaries. The reason for the delay in menstruation is an ectopic pregnancy.

It is necessary to establish a diagnosis as early as possible, to find out the degree of danger of the processes, since they lead, at least, to infertility, early menopause. Diseases associated with delayed menstruation cause breast tumors, cardiovascular problems, diabetes mellitus, weakened immunity, premature aging, changes in appearance. For example, if the delay occurs due to polycystic ovaries, then the woman dramatically increases weight, up to obesity, hair appears on the face and chest (as in men), acne, seborrhea.

Timely treatment of diseases that caused the lengthening of the cycle often avoids infertility, ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, and prevents the appearance of cancer.

Examination methods, establishing the reasons for the delay

To determine the cause of the delay in menstruation, an examination is carried out.

It is checked whether a woman is ovulating. To do this, during the entire cycle, the basal body temperature is measured (in the rectum), a schedule is drawn up. The presence of ovulation is evidenced by a sharp increase in temperature above 37 ° in the middle of the cycle.

A blood test for hormones is carried out to detect deviations from the norm, possible consequences.

With the help of ultrasound, the state of the pelvic organs is studied, the presence of tumors and other pathologies in the uterus and appendages is detected.

Computerized and magnetic resonance imaging (CT and MRI) methods are used to examine the brain, the state of the pituitary gland.

The menstrual cycle is a complex physiological process that is characterized by changes in the body and is accompanied by menstruation. It lasts an average of 21 to 35 days (counted from the 1st day of discharge). Menstruation usually occurs between the ages of 11-15 and ends before age 55 (menopause). This period is considered the puberty of the body and its readiness for conception (the main purpose of the female).

It is considered normal when they themselves pass painlessly and last from 3 to 7 days. But this only happens when there are no health problems. Unfortunately, various complications often occur: cycle irregularity, heavy discharge, severe pain, etc. In order to solve these problems, you need to find them out.

Why there is no menstruation and what to do about it

Absence (amenorrhea) can occur in several cases. This may be a natural process such as menopause (if age is appropriate), associated with the cessation of the functioning of the ovaries. And also, at which rejection does not occur, because fertilized. Well, either the period after or breastfeeding (not always).

If the second option is excluded (due to the lack of sexual intercourse in the last few months, tests, ultrasound and examination by a gynecologist), and it is too early for the first option, then you should urgently consult a doctor. Through various surveys and analyzes, problems will be identified and recommendations will be made to eliminate them. In fact, there are a lot of factors that break the cycle, and they all indicate that not very good changes have occurred in the body.

The reasons can be both external (stress, moving, heavy physical exertion, strict diets) and internal (ovarian dysfunction, thyroid disease, hormonal failure, viral infections). In any case, if the cycle is violated, it is worth contacting a specialist for qualified assistance. At first, it will be necessary to undergo a complete examination, and if everything is fine there, then they will be sent to narrower specialists (endocrinologist, etc.).

If no diseases have been identified and everything is normal, then perhaps there is simply not enough vitamins (vitamin E, folic acid, etc.). It happens sometimes (very rarely) that this is a feature of a given organism, and not a pathology that requires any treatment.

Don't put off going to the doctor hoping it will go away on its own. Otherwise, you might regret it later. After all, many diseases respond very well to treatment precisely at the initial stage.

Why there is no menstruation is a question that should be sorted out. Delay is a dysfunction of the body. The absence of menstruation even for a few days leads to great stress for the body. Some associate it with pregnancy, while others experience less joyful emotions and even fear.

Menstruation is a natural process in the female body, which provides reproductive functions. The cerebral cortex transports information to the pituitary and hypothalamus, after which hormones are produced that are responsible for the functioning of the uterus. They are also responsible for the work of other organs involved in menstruation.

The cycle is counted from the beginning of the first day of menstruation. It lasts for 28 days. But the cycle of 21-35 days is also considered the norm. An important factor is the regularity, not the duration.

The first menstruation begins in adolescents at the age of 11-15. Due to the fact that in young girls the hormonal background has not yet been established, at first the cycle may be irregular. At the end of this period, there should be no monthly failures. If they do, then it should worry the girl.

• change of taste;
• sensitivity to smells;
• the occurrence of nausea, vomiting;
• great drowsiness;

It is impossible to reject pregnancy even if there was an interrupted sexual intercourse, contact on “dangerous” days using a condom or other contraceptives. None of the options provide 100% protection.

You can determine pregnancy using. They can be carried out immediately on the first day of the delay. If there are two lines on the test within the first 10 minutes, the result is positive. If the second strip occurs over time, then such an answer is not true. To make sure you are pregnant, you should do the test again after 3 days or take a blood test for hCG.

Other reasons

Gynecology divides all causes into the following groups: physiological and pathological. Sometimes the delay can be caused by various factors and does not exceed 7 days. But some conditions can be considered signs of diseases.

Gynecological

Pathological causes of delay include diseases of the reproductive system:

1. Inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs. Additionally, there may be pain in the lower abdomen.
2. Hormonal disorders.
3. ovaries.

Reasons for delay for physiological reasons:

1. Stressful situations (dismissal, financial difficulties, quarrels, depression, heavy workload).
2. A sharp change in the usual way of life (active sports, moving, climate change).
3. Abrupt withdrawal of contraceptives.
4. Taking medicines of emergency concentration ("Escapel" and "") can lead to a failure.
5. postpartum period. During lactation, menstruation can not go up to 6 months. But if they do not come after the end of breastfeeding, you should consult a doctor.
6. The onset of menopause. After 45 years, there is a natural extinction of the reproductive function. Menstruation becomes irregular.

In all cases, the delay should last no more than 7 days, otherwise it may indicate the development of various diseases.

Not gynecological

The reason for the delay in menstruation may be caused by non-gynecological diseases. Since the cerebral cortex is responsible for regulating the cycle, its violation can manifest itself in the work of menstruation.

This may include:

• diabetes;
• thyroid disease;
• weight problems;
• colds.

The cause of the failure may be taking any medications.

Is there a danger?

The allowable period for delaying menstruation is ten days. But on condition that the woman is not expecting a child. If the reason is different, then exceeding this period may be a reason to consult a doctor. What should I do?

If this situation in a woman is single, you need:

• proper nutrition;
• observance of the regime of work and rest;
• full sleep;
• moderate physical activity;
• walks in the open air;
• rejection of bad habits;
• avoidance of stress.

If the delays are regular, you should consult a doctor.

Survey

To correctly establish the cause of the delay in critical days, examinations and examinations may be required:

• blood donation;
• measurement of basal temperature.

For diagnosis, sometimes it is necessary to consult other specialists - a nutritionist, an endocrinologist.

The delay in menstruation should not be ignored. Failure in the body can be caused not only by stress and sudden changes in the weather, but also by pregnancy, serious illnesses.

Video on possible causes

Delayed menstruation is one of the most common complaints at gynecological appointments. Although a missed period is an obvious symptom of pregnancy, the absence of a period can be associated with other conditions. In this article, we list the most common causes of missed periods.

Pregnancy

If you are sexually active and have had sexual intercourse this month, then a delay of 3 days or more may indicate that you are pregnant.

If a pregnancy test is negative with a delay in menstruation, then other reasons listed below are possible.

Stress and physical fatigue

Problems at work, conflicts with loved ones, exams or the defense of a thesis - any stressful situation can lead to a failure of the menstrual cycle and a delay in menstruation for a week or more.

Another possible reason for the delay is overwork, which can sometimes be combined with stress. An active lifestyle is certainly good for our body, however, if a woman overdoes physical activity and overworks, this can affect the regularity of the menstrual cycle. Excessive physical activity (especially when combined with a strict diet) disrupts the production of the hormone estrogen, which can lead to menstrual irregularities and delayed periods.

If your body mass index is below 18, or exceeds 25, then the delay in menstruation may be due to weight.

Normalization of weight usually leads to the restoration of a regular menstrual cycle.

Change of residence and time zones, travel

The habitual rhythm of life, or the so-called biological clock, is important for the normal regulation of the menstrual cycle. And if you changed day and night (for example, flew to another country, or began to work at night), the biological clock may go astray, which will lead to a delay in menstruation.

If the reason for the delay lies in a change in the rhythm of life, then the normal menstrual cycle usually recovers on its own within a few months.

Adolescence

Colds and other inflammatory diseases

Any disease can negatively affect the regularity of the menstrual cycle and lead to a delay. Think about whether you had a cold, exacerbation of chronic diseases or other health problems in the past month. If the reason for the delay lies in this, then the menstrual cycle will recover on its own within a few months.

Medications

Some medications can interfere with your menstrual cycle, causing your period to be delayed.

Birth control pills are the most common cause of missed periods due to medication. If you are taking oral contraceptives (for example, etc.), then the absence of menstruation between packs or on inactive tablets may be normal. However, in case of a delay while taking OK, gynecologists recommend doing it to make sure that the delay is not related to pregnancy.

If the cause of the delay is polycystic ovary syndrome, then the gynecologist may recommend taking birth control pills in order to regulate the menstrual cycle.

Thyroid dysfunction

Thyroid hormones regulate metabolism. An excess of these hormones, or vice versa, their lack, can affect the regularity of the menstrual cycle and cause a delay in menstruation.

With an increased level of thyroid hormones, the following symptoms can be observed: weight loss, palpitations, excessive sweating, insomnia, emotional instability, etc. With a deficiency of thyroid hormones, weight gain, swelling, hair loss, and drowsiness are observed.

If you suspect that you have a thyroid problem, see an endocrinologist.