Lymphofollicular hyperplasia of the mucosa of the whole body. Helicobacter pylori as one of the causes of the "fiery polyp" - video. A useful video on how a polyp is removed in the stomach

Hyperplasia refers to the abnormal activity of cells, as a result of which their excessive growth and deformation (metaplasia) occurs, benign formations appear that can develop into malignant ones (malignancy). All organs are affected by pathology, but gastric hyperplasia is more common. Literally translated as "over-education". All tissues and layers of the organ can be modified.

Hyperplasia of the stomach is a fairly common phenomenon.

The basis of the disease is the natural process of cell division, which is normally necessary for the body. However, under the influence of certain factors, the process becomes redundant, which is fraught with the development of oncology. Most often, changes occur at the external level - hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa. As a result of cell division, it becomes denser, polyps appear. Why is this phenomenon popularly called the “fiery polyp”.

This is one of the most common diseases of the stomach. In the early stages, it is easily treatable. While neglected forms can become chronic, which cannot be eliminated. Against this background, foveolar hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa occurs (destruction in the endometrium). In addition, the disease can affect the antrum and cardia, the body and the bottom of the organ.

Reasons for development

The main reason is prolonged irritation of the mucous membrane, leading to injuries and wounds. The reasons are:

• Chronic diseases (gastritis, ulcers and other inflammations) and advanced infections (intestinal, rotovirus). Excessive division is a defensive reaction to the aggressor. For example, against the background of chronic lymphoid gastritis (focal accumulation of lymphocytes in the epithelium in the form of follicles), lymphofollicular hyperplasia of the stomach of the 1st degree may develop. It is important to note that it begins to manifest itself only from stage 3, before that it can be detected by chance with FGS.

Stress can also trigger this disease.

Types and forms of flow

Depending on which parts of the stomach and tissues are affected, there are several types and forms of the disease. All of them are shown in the table.

Symptoms

In the first stages of development, the disease does not make itself felt, therefore the symptoms listed below refer to the moment when hyperplasia has developed significantly at the internal level. Some species are especially dangerous. For example, lymphofollicular hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa, being a harbinger of oncology, requires special attention and timely treatment.

A sign of hyperplasia can be severe pain in the stomach

Common signs include:

• Constant pains of a different nature: aching, cutting, stabbing, burning, "hungry".
• Loss of appetite, belching (at advanced stages - with blood), hiccups.
• In the later stages - nausea and vomiting.
• Bloating and flatulence.
• Violation of the stool (usually diarrhea due to involuntary contraction of the muscles of the digestive organs).
• General weakness, signs of intoxication (fever, aches, headaches and dizziness).
• Paleness of the skin due to impaired circulation.
• Feeling of tension in the muscles or cramps, reduction.

General malaise, weakness, and fatigue are common

As you can see, the symptoms are not specific, they are similar to the manifestations of gastritis, ulcers, common intestinal upset and a number of other inflammations. At the same time, the more neglected the situation, the more external manifestations appear, and their severity intensifies. That is why great importance is given to the stage of diagnosis, which allows you to determine the specific type and nature of the disease. So it is possible to timely identify and prescribe an effective treatment for hyperplasia of the integumentary pit epithelium of the stomach - the most common and malleable type of therapy, but no less dangerous than others.

Diagnostics

Due to the asymptomatic onset, the disease is difficult to diagnose in time, often its presence is detected by chance during a routine examination. Therefore, it is recommended to undergo them every six months, especially if a person is aware of his predisposition and the risks of developing hyperplasia.

It is necessary to contact a gastroenterologist, and if necessary, an oncologist.

The main diagnostic method is fibrogastroduodenoscopy

An examination in the doctor's office begins with an anamnesis (the course of the disease according to the patient, a story about the usual lifestyle and family). FGDS (fibrogastroduodenoscopy) is the main diagnostic method. Allows you to examine the stomach from the inside and evaluate the lesions, their scale, nature and specifics. It is during this procedure that focal foveolar hyperplasia of the stomach becomes noticeable.

Sometimes FGDS is supplemented with a biopsy (foreign tissue sampling), which, with a histological laboratory examination, helps to determine the presence of bacteria and the nature of the neoplasm (benign, malignant).

An x-ray on contrast is indicative - the patient drinks barium, after which a study is carried out. Allows you to determine the size of polyps, their shape and contours. Since the root cause may be another disturbance in the functioning of the body, to complete the picture, they take a blood test (general and chemical), feces and urine, and sometimes gastric juice. They also help to identify Helicobacter pylori, which can be diagnosed by the presence of antibodies in the blood, antigens in the stool, the bacterium itself in a biopsy, a positive urea breath test. In addition, to establish the root cause, ultrasound of the internal organs (pancreas, liver) can be performed.

Follicular hyperplasia of the stomach develops and is asymptomatic, except for a general deterioration in well-being. It can only be discovered during a special examination!

Treatment

Treatment of gastric hyperplasia depends on the results of a comprehensive study, primarily on the identified root cause.

Almost all types of hyperplasia are characterized by the formation of polyps, which come in different types. Therefore, the treatment has its own specifics. Large polyps (more than 1 cm) are eliminated exclusively by endoscopic means. Polyps caused by heredity are more often malignant. As a result, they require removal: endoscopic or open. The glandular polyps have the same character and the same fate.

Polyps are removed with endoscopic surgery

Small polyps of other origin do not require removal (unless individually identified malignancy). Often they are not touched, as they do no harm. But in this case, it is recommended to monitor their development (examination once every six months) and, if necessary (increase in size, transition to a malignant neoplasm), immediately remove them.

Treatment of foveolar hyperplasia of the stomach begins with the abolition of the drugs that caused it. Due to the fact that it is provoked by the loss of the ability of cells to regenerate (ulcers and erosion), the course of therapy is aimed at eliminating inflammation (irritation) of the mucosa and the primary disease. The course is selected individually. As a rule, these are antibiotics, enveloping and restoring drugs.

Tetracycline is prescribed to eliminate the infection

If the biopsy revealed a precancerous stage, which is characterized not only by excessive proliferation of cells, but also by structural changes, then urgent treatment is necessary for the proliferation of the pitted epithelium of the stomach. A malignant formation is removed, and the root cause (bacteria, ulcers, gastritis) is treated according to the classical scheme: antibiotics, gastroprotectors, agents that lower or increase acidity. If the course is running, then general strengthening procedures are added, with the development of cancer - chemotherapy. In rare cases, surgical treatment is used and part of the organ is removed.

Traditional medicine is permissible strictly with the permission of the doctor, as it is capable of giving the opposite effect with an incorrect approach!

Effective infusions and decoctions: parsley, Ivan tea, ginger, mint, sea buckthorn. Drink 3 times a day for a tablespoon. A mixture of horseradish and honey (1 tsp each) three times a day before meals. Nutrition recommendations are the same as for ulcers, gastritis and any digestive problems: a balanced fractional five meals a day with a temperature of about 37-38 degrees.

Very useful in this disease infusion of ginger root

Products that irritate the mucous membrane are prohibited: spices and salt, alcohol, solid foods, chemical additives, coffee and strong tea, fats, soda, desserts and fresh pastries. Steam and boiled diet foods, cereals, low-fat dairy products, processed vegetables and fruits are welcome. Diet for gastric hyperplasia involves compliance with the medical table number 5. Indications vary depending on the individual case.

This video shows the process of removing a focus of gastric hyperplasia:

Hyperplasia is a disease that can affect any internal organ of the body, but most often in practice it is gastric hyperplasia that can be found. The disease is quite complex and requires a quick solution to the problem, and self-treatment in a particular case is simply impossible!

Hyperplasia is an accelerated intensive growth of cells of the stomach and adjacent tissues. Reproduction occurs by cell division, that is, in a natural way. Hyperplasia of the stomach is a pathology of the mucous membranes of the stomach, the result of which is a sharp increase in the number of cells of mucous tissues. As a result of such rapid growth of cells, the walls of the stomach thicken, polyps (small tumors) appear.

At more serious stages of the development of the disease, changes occur in the structure of the cells themselves, and this is direct evidence of the onset of the development of a malignant tumor. Hyperplasia is not a clinical diagnosis, but only states histological changes in the gastric mucosa. There are many forms of hyperplasia.

Reasons for development

Gastric hyperplasia is the body's reaction to unexpected damage to the walls of the stomach (both physical and pathological), which can be caused by a number of reasons. The most common causes of such damage are:

• Gastritis and other acute inflammation of mucous tissues. It is inflammation that is one of the main causes of active cell division, leading to the formation of polyps. Everyone has probably heard of such a bacterium as Helicobacter pillory, which is the cause of diffuse changes in the epigastric region;
• Disorders of the general hormonal background. For example, an excess of estrogen in the body can cause hyperplasia;
• Heredity. One of the possible hereditary diseases in the female line is adenomatous polyposis. This is a very rare disease that is inherited. If it is present, polyps begin to form at the bottom of the stomach;
• Prolonged use of drugs. Very often, with elevated acetone, people are prescribed special inhibitory drugs that help reduce acidity. With their long-term use, the walls of the stomach suffer, and, accordingly, damage is formed that provokes this disease;
• Disturbed hormonal balance of the stomach. In the presence of functional disorders in the work of the duodenum, the body actively produces gastrin, a substance that irritates the mucous tissues.

These are direct causes that lead directly to the development of the disease itself. But there are a number of other factors that can provoke this disease or accelerate the process of its development, namely:

• stomach ulcer of any type;
• Disorders of the nervous system;
• Various infectious diseases of the stomach (E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus and others);
• The negative impact of a carcinogen and other chemicals. As a rule, it occurs with the frequent use of sweet carbonated drinks;
• Violation of the function of internal secretion.

Very often, hyperplasia occurs due to incomplete treatment of any diseases of the stomach.

Types of hyperplasia

To date, there are a large number of types of hyperplasia. All of them differ in that each of them has its own individual pathogenesis and affects a certain part of the stomach. The main types include:

• Focal hyperplasia of the stomach. It is generally accepted that it is focal hyperplasia that is the beginning of the development of all subsequent types and the formation of polyps. In this case, there is a lesion of a certain, clearly defined area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe mucous membrane. Foci can have a variety of shapes and sizes. Such changes are very noticeable, as they have a completely different color and stand out noticeably against the background of healthy tissues. Focal hyperplasia begins with the formation of a single focus and, during development, forms polyps in each gastric region, for which reason it is often called warty;
• Lymphofollicular hyperplasia of the stomach is one of the most common types of the disease, which is diagnosed in both men and women of various age categories. The cause of this type of disease is various inflammatory processes of the gastric mucosa, as well as food additives containing substances marked with the symbol E (carcinogenic group);
• Lymphoid hyperplasia. Due to the strengthening of the inflammatory process, the number of lymphocytes of mucous tissues increases, which leads to inflammation of the lymph nodes;
• Hyperplasia of the integumentary epithelium of the stomach. The walls of the stomach are covered with a thin layer of epithelium, which begins to grow rapidly during the development of this disease. This causes changes in the structure of the tissues of the epithelium itself and often leads to the development of malignant tumors. Hyperplasia of the integumentary pit epithelium is considered the most dangerous type of disease;
• Glandular hyperplasia. This species is characterized by a structural change in the internal glands, as a result of which growths form in their place, the bodies of which consist of glandular cells;
• Polypoid - one of the most dangerous and common forms. This is a neoplasm of a benign type, containing many cells of the immune response (leukocytes, macrophages). These growths can be up to 2 centimeters in diameter and, with the slightest structural changes, can degenerate into malignant ones;
• Antral. The antrum is a kind of closing valve that transfers processed food from the stomach directly to the intestines. The cause of damage to this department is an ulcer;
• Foveolar hyperplasia of the stomach is a curvature of the folds of the mucous membranes of the stomach, an increase in their length and density. It is provoked by the intake of various anti-inflammatory nonsteroidal drugs. It is this form that is characterized by the most severe symptoms.

Scientists do not yet fully understand the reasons for the formation of such changes, since very often there are cases when the defeat of the stomach with polyps occurs with the absolute health of the body, in particular, the mucous membranes of the stomach.

Symptoms

Quite often, in the initial stages of the development of the disease, a person does not feel any obvious symptoms, and, accordingly, does not know about the progression of the disease. This is where the whole danger of bottom pathology lies. But already after a certain period of time, at the active stage of development, the disease gradually makes itself felt, accompanied by symptoms such as:

• Severe and prolonged pain inside the abdomen, especially in its upper part. These pains are different, there is a burning sensation, sharp tingling, pumping aching pain;
• An eructation appears, which is accompanied by a long and sour taste;
• At more advanced stages, nausea, vomiting appear;
• There is severe bloating;
• Hiccups appear;
• Appetite disappears.

Against the background of all these phenomena, accompanying symptoms appear:

• Temperature rise;
• General weakness;
• Body aches;
• Possible dizziness;
• Frequent bowel movements;
• Low pressure;
• When belching, blood may be released;
• The skin becomes more pale.

If you begin to feel several symptoms at once that have been bothering you for quite some time, you should immediately consult a doctor. Only he will prescribe the right treatment if necessary. The process of recovery and rehabilitation of the body in this disease directly depends on the time when the disease was identified. The earlier the diagnosis was made, the easier and faster the body will recover.

Diagnosis of the disease

There are several methods for diagnosing this disease, which, as a rule, are used in combination to obtain the most accurate result and additionally confirm or exclude it. These methods include:

• General and biochemical blood test;
• radiography;
• Endoscopy. These include colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy;
• FGDS - fibrogastroduodenoscopy. This method allows you to examine the walls of the stomach and recognize polyps and tumors.

Performing computed tomography and MRI for this disease is absolutely not advisable, since this technique does not show all the changes that occur in the stomach. If necessary, the doctor can take gastric juice for examination. Naturally, before the doctor prescribes certain studies, he must analyze all the symptoms that the patient experiences.

Treatment

The method of treatment directly depends on the reason for which the disease was caused. But, for all types of hyperplasia, there is a standard scheme according to which treatment is carried out:

1. Antibiotics, which should relieve inflammation, eliminate pain symptoms, and also overcome the infection and bacteria that provoked the development of the disease (Metronidazole, Clarithromycin, Levofloxacin, Amoxicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline);
2. Inhibitor drugs that prevent the secretion of acid in the stomach (omeprazole, vasonate, pantoprazole);
3. Bismuth preparations. These are special agents that restore the mucous membranes of the stomach, normalize the secretion, properties and structure of the mucous tissue, and also create unfavorable conditions for the development of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.

Only the attending physician should select drugs for drug therapy, starting from the clinical picture according to all studies. Treatment in total will take from 7 to 14 days.

Very often, as a concomitant treatment, doctors recommend old folk remedies to patients, namely:

• Tea with ginger. Ginger root is a powerful antibacterial and antiseptic that kills all harmful bacteria, including Helicobacter pylori;
• Chamomile. Chamomile tea perfectly relieves inflammation, eliminates pain and relieves tension in the muscle tissue of the stomach;
• Peppermint. By adding a few mint leaves to tea, you can get rid of nausea and heartburn during treatment.

In the presence of malignant tumors, inflammation of the stomach lymph or oncology, treatment includes biopsy, surgery and chemotherapy.

Diet

As with any other severe form of pathology of the stomach or intestines, it is necessary to reduce the load on the digestive organs to an absolute minimum. Only by adhering to dietary nutrition, the disease will disappear quickly and forever. As a rule, they use diet No. 5 according to Pevzner, the rules of which read:

• Nutrition should be fractional (small portions, but 5-6 times a day);
• Food should not contain any spices, should not be sour, spicy or salty;
• During the treatment period, it is necessary to completely exclude vegetable fats;
• It is forbidden to eat fried foods;
• Carbonated drinks, juices, alcohol are strictly prohibited;
• Meat and fish are only low-fat varieties and only boiled or steamed;
• To quickly restore damaged tissues, it is necessary to consume more complex fiber (porridge).

Remember that hyperplasia is not a diagnosed disease, but occurs as a result of chronic pathologies of the gastric mucosa, which are most often caused by gastritis and stomach ulcers. Treatment depends entirely on the cause that caused these disorders. If you follow all the recommendations of the attending physician, follow the diet during treatment and during the rehabilitation period, full recovery occurs as soon as possible.

Hyperplasia is a pathological phenomenon in which the cells of the tissues of the organ grow. Hyperplasia of the stomach is a disease in which this process leads to a thickening of the mucous membrane and the formation of polyps on it.

How dangerous is this disease, what clinical signs indicate its presence, how to diagnose and cure the pathological growth of the inner lining of the stomach.

The reasons

Hyperplasia of the stomach occurs as a result of the presence of the following factors:

• Gastritis - with an inflammatory process permanently present on the mucosa, a violation of cell division occurs and, consequently, a thickening of the mucosa occurs.
• Hormonal disorders - primarily we are talking about excessive production of estrogen.
• Hereditary diseases - for example, adenomatous polyps of the stomach epithelium.
• Pathology of the hormonal regulation of the stomach - with a Zollinger-Ellison tumor of the small intestine, a hormone is released into the blood, which causes hyperplasia of the upper digestive tract.
• Taking drugs - non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and proton pump inhibitors to reduce stomach acid.

Symptoms

Hyperplasia of the stomach is often asymptomatic, so the diagnosis of pathology at an early stage statistically occurs by chance, during gastroscopy of the stomach as part of the confirmation of another pathology.

If signs of hyperplasia are present, the clinical picture may include:

• pain of any characteristic in the epigastric region;
• sour belching;
• nausea and vomiting;
• bloating;
• a feeling of fullness in the stomach even after a sip of water;
• decrease in appetite;
• hiccups.

It is obvious that the proliferation of mucosal tissues in terms of symptoms is similar to the manifestations of chronic gastritis. But sometimes the clinical manifestations of the pathology may differ if ulcers form on the polyps. In this case, a person will face signs of internal bleeding:

• blood in vomit and stool;
• anemia
• dizziness; weakness.

Types of stomach hyperplasia

The classification of gastric hyperplasia is due to the nature of the tissue confirmation and the type of cells that have undergone growth.

Focal hyperplasia

Wart or focal hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa is a subtype of pathology in which morphological changes are localized in one or more places.

Polyps on the mucosa outwardly resemble benign warts: they can be in the form of tubercles or have a stalk. At the same time, the areas of the mucosa that are not affected by polyposis atrophy, so the formations are well distinguished by visual endoscopic examination of the stomach, and diagnosis is not difficult.

Hyperplasia of the antrum

Antrum hyperplasia is a subspecies of the disease in which pathological changes affect only the lower part of the stomach.

With this type of disease, the cells of the stomach, which are responsible for the production of glands, undergo growth. Outgrowths of connective tissue with capillaries are formed inside the organ, which can reach large sizes.

This subtype is statistically rare.

Foveolar

Foveolar hyperplasia is also called regenerative polyposis. With this form of pathology, the folds of the gastric mucosa grow and thicken. A common cause of the disease is the frequent use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In this form of the disease, the clinical picture is usually quite pronounced.

Lymphoid

Lymphoid hyperplasia is an accumulation of lymphocytes in the tissues of the lymph nodes and the diseased organ, which is a kind of reaction to inflammation. A subtype of the disease occurs against the background of a stomach ulcer or infection of the digestive tract.

Lymphofollicular

Lymphofollicular hyperplasia is a subtype characterized by the accumulation of foci of lymphocytes in the gastric mucosa. According to statistics, lymphofollicular hyperplasia is the most common type of pathology.

Hyperplasia of the integumentary pit epithelium

With this subtype, cells grow that produce mucus, which protects the walls of the stomach from chemical damage. The name of the subspecies is due to a change in the internal tissues of the stomach cavity by the formation of corkscrew-shaped pits.

This subtype can be diagnosed only with the help of gastroscopy. At the same time, its detection and treatment is of great importance, since it is the hyperplasia of the pit-covering epithelium that most often causes malignant tumors.

Polypoid hyperplasia

Polyps in the stomach are most common in patients over 50 years of age. But the risk of developing this hyperplasia in young people cannot be excluded. The appearance of polyps in the cavity of the stomach can occur in any of its departments. The formations can reach a large size, bleeding ulcers can occur on them.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of pathology is carried out histologically, that is, by taking part of the tissues for examination. A biopsy allows you to establish not only the very fact of the presence of the disease, but also its subspecies. This makes it possible to prescribe more targeted and effective treatment.

• The biopsy procedure takes place during gastroscopy of the stomach. Many patients have a negative attitude towards endoscopic examinations due to severe physical discomfort during the procedure associated with the gag reflex.
• An alternative to EGD can be called fluoroscopy of the stomach, performed with a contrast agent (barium). The pictures will show traces of thickening of the mucous membrane of the organ and large polyps. However, this method is less informative than endoscopy with a probe. In addition, it does not allow a biopsy, therefore, it is impossible to identify the subtype of pathology in this way.

Diagnosis includes a number of activities related to determining the cause of the disease. Pathologies of the digestive tract are detected using:

Treatment

After gastric hyperplasia and its appearance have been diagnosed, the doctor prescribes etiological treatment. That is, it is important to eliminate first of all the cause of the disease and only then - its external manifestations.

Helicobacter pylori eradication

If a medical examination reveals the presence of Helicobacter pylori bacteria in the stomach, therapy will include their eradication - destruction.

Treatment is similar to that of type B (type two) gastritis. In order to destroy the bacterium, it is necessary to do a culture and test for sensitivity to antibiotics. After that, a course of antibacterial drugs lasting 7-14 days is prescribed. The list of medicines includes:

• Metronidazole;
• Tetracycline;
• Clarithromycin;
• Amoxicillin.

Together with antimicrobial drugs, proton pump inhibitors are prescribed. Helicobacter pylori gastritis is almost always accompanied by an increase in the acidity of the stomach. The fact is that the production of acid is a natural measure of protecting the body from pathogenic bacteria. However, Helicobacter pylori is resistant to hydrochloric acid, so the acid attacks the walls of the stomach, causing inflammation that can lead to hyperplasia.

Proton pump inhibitors are drugs:

• Omez;
• Laxoprazole;
• Esomeprazole.

The doctor also prescribes means to protect the gastric mucosa from the effects of hydrochloric acid - antacids:

• Almagel;
• Gastal;
• Maalox.

It is important to emphasize that only the attending physician can make any appointments.

Treatment of hyperplastic polyps

Along with eliminating the cause of the formation of polyps, it is necessary to take into account the need to remove the polyps themselves. Such a need does not always arise, since it is important to consider the size of the formations:

• small polyps do not require removal, provided there are no symptoms and the provoking factor is eliminated;
• large and glandular polyps are removed endoscopically;
• formations in the stomach against the background of adenomatous polyposis are eliminated endoscopically or by an open method without fail due to the high risk of malignant oncological diseases.

In the event that a diagnostic study shows the absence of direct indications for the removal of polyps immediately, it is important to continue regular monitoring with the attending physician. If the polyps grow or increase in number, they will need to be removed along with a correction of the etiological treatment.

Diet

Nutrition against the background of hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa differs little from the diet of any person suffering from gastrointestinal diseases. The exact appointments regarding the menu are made by the doctor, but a number of universal rules can be distinguished that will speed up the healing process and keep the disease in remission:

1. The nutrition of a person with gastric hyperplasia should be fractional: portions should be small and balanced in terms of nutrients, and the meals themselves should occur every 3-4 hours.
2. It is necessary to abandon any products that can irritate the mucous membrane of the digestive system and provoke its inflammation: salty, spicy, smoked, canned and pickled dishes.
3. It is important to completely eliminate alcohol from the diet.
4. Inflammation of the gastric mucosa can worsen while taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, so it is better to avoid their use.
5. The effect of stress on the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract has been scientifically proven, so it is important for a person with gastric hyperplasia to learn to minimize the amount and severity of stress in their lives.

As a basis for the menu, you can adapt table number 2, taking into account the above rules, to your taste preferences.

Folk remedies

With hyperplasia of the tissues of the stomach, folk remedies have a mild effect. However, subject to prior consultation with a doctor, traditional therapy can be supplemented with recipes aimed at reducing the level of acidity of gastric juice:

1. A teaspoon of willow-tea should be poured with a glass of boiling water, cover the container with a lid and leave the broth for at least an hour. The remedy is used 1 tablespoon three times a day before meals.
2. Chamomile tea has a favorable anti-inflammatory effect: 1 teaspoon of dried flowers is brewed with boiling water and infused for 20-30 minutes. The tool can replace regular tea. An analogue of chamomile with the same therapeutic properties is peppermint.

This is not a clinical diagnosis, but a histological description of mucosal changes. Hyperplasia can be focal, leading to the formation of polyps, or diffuse.

The reasons

Hyperplasia of the stomach develops in response to damage to its mucous membrane.

The most common causes of this damage are:

• Chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane (). The inflammatory process can cause excessive division of mucosal cells and the appearance of gastric polyps. The most common causes of gastritis are Helicobacter pylori and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
• Hormonal disorders in the body . For example, excess estrogen can lead to hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa.
• hereditary diseases . Familial adenomatous polyposis is an example of glandular mucosal hyperplasia. This is a rare hereditary disease in which hyperplastic polyps develop in the fundus of the stomach.
• Taking certain medicines regularly . Mucosal hyperplasia occurs in people who constantly use proton pump inhibitors for.
• Pathology of hormonal regulation of the stomach . For example, in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, duodenal tumors produce large amounts of gastrin, a hormone that causes hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa.

Types of stomach hyperplasia

The type of hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa can be determined only after its histological examination.

As a rule, the following are distinguished:

• Focal hyperplasia stomach . The growth of the mucous membrane is observed in one or more places. As a rule, polyps grow in these places, which can have various sizes and shapes. In other departments, the mucous membrane may be atrophied.
• Lymphoid hyperplasia . In the mucous membrane, in response to the inflammatory process, the number of lymphocytes increases, which leads to its thickening and hyperplasia.
• Lymphofollicular hyperplasia . With this type of hyperplasia in the mucous membrane, foci (follicles) of accumulations of lymphocytes are observed.
• Hyperplasia of the integumentary epithelium of the stomach . Histological examination reveals the growth of cells that produce mucus, which protects the walls of the stomach from the action of acid.
• Hyperplasia of the antrum of the stomach. Growth of the mucous membrane in the final (antral) section of the stomach.
• Glandular hyperplasia . Growth of cells of the glandular epithelium, which form polyps of a round or oval shape.
• Polypoid hyperplasia . It leads to the formation of polyps, which can develop in any part of the stomach.
• Foveolar hyperplasia . It is characterized by increased length and increased curvature of the folds of the gastric mucosa. Most often, foveolar hyperplasia is a consequence of taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Symptoms

In many patients, gastric hyperplasia does not lead to the development of the clinical picture of the disease. In such cases, it is discovered by chance, during an endoscopic examination.

Sometimes patients develop symptoms of chronic gastritis, which include:

• Pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen. It can be burning, aching, sharp or stabbing, localized in the middle or left side of the abdomen.
• with a sour taste, which does not relieve pain.
• and vomiting.
• Bloating.
• Loss of appetite.
• Hiccup.

Some patients with hyperplasia may develop polyps that are large enough to occasionally ulcerate.

• anemia;
• lowering blood pressure;
• vomiting blood;
• the presence of blood in the stool;
• dizziness;
• general weakness;
• skin pallor.

Diagnosis of gastric hyperplasia

The diagnosis of gastric hyperplasia is a histological diagnosis, that is, to establish it, it is necessary to conduct a biopsy of the mucosa with further laboratory examination. To obtain a tissue sample for histological examination, an endoscopic examination is performed.

Gastroscopy is a procedure during which a thin, flexible instrument (endoscope) is placed inside the stomach, which has a light source and a camera. With this examination, you can detect problems with the stomach, as well as biopsy its walls. With hyperplasia, the doctor can see the presence of polyps and thickened mucosa in the stomach, deepening of the folds and their excessive tortuosity.

Carrying out a histological examination of tissues obtained by biopsy not only establishes the diagnosis of hyperplasia, but also determines its type and can help to find out its causes. It is believed that each gastroscopy should be accompanied by a biopsy of the gastric mucosa.

Another examination method that can help suspect the presence of hyperplasia is contrast. During the examination, the patient drinks a solution containing a radiopaque substance (barium), after which the radiologist examines the digestive tract. With this method, you can notice the thickening of the gastric mucosa and the presence of large polyps. Contrast fluoroscopy is inferior in its diagnostic value to gastroscopy.

To identify the causes of gastric hyperplasia, tests may be performed to detect the bacteria H. pylori, which often causes these pathological changes in the mucous membrane.

These include:

• Detection of antibodies in the blood, the detection of which indicates that the patient's body has been or remains infected with H. pylori.
• Breath test with urea. The patient is given to drink a solution with urea, the molecules of which contain a labeled carbon atom. If he has H. pylori in his stomach, the bacteria break down the urea into water and carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is absorbed into the bloodstream and excreted from the human body through the lungs. By taking a sample of exhaled air, it is possible to detect this labeled carbon atom in it using a special scanner.
• Detection of H. pylori antigens in stool.
• Biopsy of the stomach with further laboratory examination of the samples.

To detect possible causes of gastric hyperplasia, many patients also undergo abdominal organs, which can be used to diagnose various diseases of the pancreas, liver and biliary tract. Sometimes computed tomography is performed to verify the diagnosis.

Treatment

The choice of treatment method depends on the cause of gastric hyperplasia.

H. pylori eradication

If the proliferation of mucosal cells has developed due to a chronic inflammatory process due to H. pylori infection, then eradication (elimination) of these bacteria from the stomach is necessary.

For this, there are schemes of effective therapy, including:

• antibiotics (Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin, Tetracycline, Levofloxacin);
• proton pump inhibitors that suppress the secretion of acid in the stomach (Pantoprazole, Esomeprazole,);
• bismuth preparations, which have protective properties for the gastric mucosa, and also negatively affect the H. pylori bacteria.

The selection of the correct treatment is performed by the doctor, based on the clinical picture of Helicobacter pylori infection and data on bacterial resistance to antibiotics.

The duration of the course of eradication therapy is from 7 to 14 days.

Treatment of hyperplastic polyps

If the patient has polyps, the choice of treatment depends on their type:

• Small non-glandular polyps . May not need treatment. They usually do not cause any symptoms of the disease and rarely degenerate into malignant tumors. Doctors usually recommend that patients undergo periodic gastroscopy to look for polyps. If they increase in size or begin to bother the patient, they can be removed.
• Large polyps . They may need to be removed. Most polyps can be removed endoscopically.
• glandular polyps . They can turn into malignant neoplasms, so they are usually removed using endoscopy.
• Polyps associated with familial adenomatous polyposis . They need to be removed as they turn into cancer. Removal is carried out by endoscopic or open method.

Diet and lifestyle changes

The symptoms of hyperplasia can be alleviated with the following tips:

• You need to eat smaller portions, but more often.
• Foods that irritate the stomach (spicy, sour, fried or fatty foods) should be avoided.
• Do not drink alcohol, which can irritate the stomach lining.
• It is necessary to stop taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, replacing them with other drugs.
• Stress, which can worsen the symptoms of gastric hyperplasia, should be controlled. You can practice yoga or meditation for this purpose.

Folk remedies for stomach hyperplasia

Very often, people try to cure stomach hyperplasia with folk remedies without resorting to the help of doctors. This poses a threat to their health and life, as some types of hyperplasia can cause development. Therefore, you can resort to folk remedies only with the permission of a doctor. As a rule, most of these prescriptions are aimed at reducing the acidity of gastric contents and eliminating H. pylori infection.

Many plants are used for this, for example:

• Ginger . It has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, reduces inflammation and relieves symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence and nausea.
• Chamomile . It is rich in substances useful for the digestive tract, which reduces abdominal pain and eliminates excess gas from the intestines, relieves inflammation in the stomach and reduces the risk of ulcers.
• Peppermint . It has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antispasmodic properties, reduces inflammation in the stomach, relieves nausea and heartburn.

Hyperplasia of the stomach is not a disease, it is a histological characteristic of the pathological process in its mucous membrane with a certain disease. Most often, it develops in chronic gastritis caused by H. pylori infection. A common form of gastric hyperplasia are polyps. Treatment depends on the cause and type of pathological changes in the mucous membrane.

A useful video on how a polyp is removed in the stomach

Among the population, gastric hyperplasia is increasingly being detected. There was no direct dependence of the incidence of pathology on gender or age. But there is a close relationship between the risk of hyperplasia and stomach diseases in a patient. This is due to the creation of conditions for morphological changes in the mucosa of the organ against the background of prolonged inflammation.

Hyperplasia is an overgrowth of the tissues of an organ. This condition does not necessarily indicate the presence of a disease: it can be adaptive and physiological. In the case of gastric hyperplasia, pathological excessive cell division of the mucous layer is observed. Not to be confused with metaplasia. In the first situation, we are talking about the growth of one's own tissue, and in the second - a persistent abnormal restructuring at the cellular level, prone to malignancy (the ability to degenerate into a malignant formation).

Departments of the body that can be subjected to hyperplasia:

• antral (the area located next to the transition to the duodenum);
• cardiac (area of ​​the stomach located closer to the esophagus);
• folds of the body of the stomach and the pylorus.

Hyperplasia of the stomach occurs in response to damage to its mucous membrane

Possible synonyms depending on the type of hyperplasia: hyperplastic polyp, regenerative polyp. Some patients refer to the pathology as a "fiery polyp", but this term does not appear in professional medical sources.

Classification: types and stages of the disease

Depending on the type of tissues that have undergone changes, gastric hyperplasia is divided into several subspecies.

Lymphofollicular and other forms of the disease - table

Foveolar hyperplasia is the most common variety among those discussed above. As a rule, it is accidentally detected during fibrogastroduodenoscopy (FGDS). Usually does not lead to the formation of malignant neoplasms. The cells of the pit-covering epithelium undergo hypertrophic changes: they increase in size due to mucin, the nucleus is pushed to the periphery. Against the background of foveolar hyperplasia, the number of new gastric pits increases. Their high content on a relatively small surface area of ​​the stomach leads to a corkscrew deformity.

With lymphofollicular and lymphoid forms, there is an overgrowth of cells of the lymphatic system. Their internal changes in the ratio of the nucleus and cytoplasm are similar to those in integumentary pit hyperplasia. Active cell division causes an increase in the lymph nodes of the stomach. Often, a prolonged inflammatory process caused by an infection (for example, Helicobacter pylori) leads to this phenomenon.

According to the prevalence (stage) of the process, hyperplasia is divided into the following types:

• focal (localization of excess growth in the area of ​​one sector of the stomach);
• diffuse (the process covers more areas).

Depending on the size of the formed foci, pathology can be:

• fine-grained;
• coarse-grained.

There are so-called pseudo-forms that mimic any disease. For example, an overgrowth of gastrin-forming G cells causes symptoms similar to Zollinger-Elisson syndrome (pancreatic tumor).

Causes

The following factors can lead to hyperplasia of the stomach tissues:

1. Chronic inflammation. Excessive growth is a protective response of the mucous membrane of an organ to a destructive effect. The cause of the pathology can be gastritis (including anacid) and long-term peptic ulcer of the stomach.
2. The presence of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter pylori is an acid-fast bacteria. When adhered (sticking) to epithelial cells, they cause a local immune response, contributing to the launch of a cascade of inflammatory reactions and the weakening of tissue defense mechanisms.
3. Hormonal regulatory disorders. For example, hyperplasia can be caused by Zollinger-Elisson syndrome. The hormone gastrin, secreted by a tumor of the pancreas, provokes the production of a large amount of hydrochloric acid by the stomach. This, in turn, causes a protective proliferation of tissues of the mucosa of the organ.
4. Taking irritants. Excessive alcohol consumption is one of the risk factors.
5. hereditary predisposition. We are talking only about the tendency to pathological hyperproliferation of cells. Normally occurring regenerative (restorative) hyperplasia does not depend on genetic factors.

Helicobacter pylori as one of the causes of the "fiery polyp" - video

Symptoms and signs

The clinical course of the disease is characterized by secrecy. In the early stages of the formation of pathology, the patient may not present any complaints. In such cases, hyperplasia becomes an accidental diagnostic finding during EGD. Further progression of the disease leads to a number of symptoms that are not specific. Among them:

1. Anemia. A decrease in the level of hemoglobin most often occurs with tissue restructuring in the fundus and body of the stomach. The reason is a violation of the production of the internal factor of Castle (a specific enzyme). The second sign is a tendency to bleeding in the area of ​​pathological growth.
2. Pain syndrome. Often occurs during hunger or at night (due to the active production of hydrochloric acid). The symptom varies from mild intermittent discomfort to a systematic feeling of pain.
3. Dyspepsia. Hyperplasia of the gastric mucosa leads to a disorder in the digestion of food. Manifested in the form of nausea, periodic diarrhea.

Diagnostic methods

Regenerative polyps of stomach tissues is a pathology, the diagnosis of which is primarily based on instrumental research methods. Among them:

Effective Treatments

Initially, the patient is treated by a gastroenterologist. If there are indications (large polyps, questionable biopsy results), the surgeon and oncologist will also treat him.

Therapy is most often conservative, surgical interventions are required in rare and advanced cases.

If, after the elimination of the underlying disease, hyperplasia has ceased to progress, the treatment is suspended, and the tactics of managing the patient become observational.

Medications

The principle of combating pathology is to treat the underlying disease that caused hyperplasia. Methods do not depend on the gender of the patient. If a child suffers from a disease, the dosage of drugs is selected individually (according to age). The following medications may be prescribed:

• antibacterial agents (with Helicobacter pylori infection);
• gastroprotectors (drugs that protect the cells of the gastric mucosa);
• drugs that reduce acidity (in cases where excessive mucosal growth is caused by gastritis with increased production of hydrochloric acid);
• hormonal agents (rarely, only if the cause of hyperplasia was a pronounced violation of the humoral regulatory mechanism).

Surgical treatment

Surgical intervention is indicated for large polyposis growths. Operation types:

Traditional medicine - help herbs and food

The treatments listed below are highly discouraged for self-administration. If some of them are used incorrectly, on the contrary, it is possible to aggravate gastric hyperplasia and provoke the start of the process of malignancy. Non-traditional methods are allowed only after prior consultation with a doctor. The appearance of unpleasant sensations, signs of allergy when using folk remedies is a direct indication for the immediate cessation of such treatment. A few recipes:

1. Horseradish with honey. The roots of the plant must be crushed and placed in a glass container. You can not make a portion of medium daily, but prepare it for future use and store it in the refrigerator. Recipe: mix a teaspoon of horseradish with the same amount of honey. Consume before meals.
2. A decoction of Ivan-tea. Proportions: for 10 grams of chopped herbs - 250 ml of water. The resulting solution should be boiled for 15 minutes, then left to cool for 1 hour. Add boiled water until the original volume is restored. Reception scheme: 1 tablespoon of decoction 3 times a day (before meals).
3. Infusion of parsley roots. One tablespoon of crushed roots pour 250 ml of boiling water. Leave overnight, strain before use. Take before meals 1 tablespoon 3 times a day.

Diet food

The principle of nutrition in hyperplasia of the stomach is the exclusion from the diet of those products that have a local irritant effect. Forbidden:

• alcohol;
• coffee, strong tea;
• carbonated drinks;
• spicy, fatty, excessively hot foods.

The diet for the disease should be fractional. The patient needs to eat at least 5 times a day in small portions. The exact list of allowed products is determined depending on the background pathology.

Fractional nutrition leads to a decrease in the excitability of the nervous system

Sample menu:

1. Breakfast. Recommended cereals on water or milk: oatmeal, rice, buckwheat. Breakfast can be supplemented with cottage cheese (200 gr) with sugar. Drinks: weak tea with milk, jelly.
2. Lunch. Suitable for a snack: baked apple with honey, milk (1 cup).
3. Dinner. Soup for the "first": vermicelli, pearl barley, buckwheat. "Second": mashed potatoes, 1-2 steamed chicken cutlets. Drinks: dried fruit compote, weak tea.
4. afternoon tea. Options for use: a few homemade white bread crackers, 1 banana, yogurt. Drinks: rosehip broth, jelly.
5. Dinner. You can cook one of the dishes: milk, barley or buckwheat porridge, rice pudding. In addition to dinner: boiled egg or steamed cutlets (chicken, fish). From drinks, fruit jelly is preferred.

Forecast

The prognosis is determined by the type and degree of tissue growth. If the cause of this phenomenon is the response of the mucosa to the inflammation process, then after the treatment of concomitant pathology, the outcome is favorable. Hyperplasia of the stomach is not capable of causing cirrhosis of the liver: other, more dangerous pathologies lead to this disease. Oncological alertness is caused by lymphofollicular hyperplasia of the stomach. In some cases, it turns into a malignant form.

Hyperplasia of the stomach is a pathology that is quite difficult to determine. Its symptoms are so secretive and non-specific that you can miss the progression of the disease. Contrary to the opinion of some patients, the discovery of hyperplasia should not cause panic - it is by no means considered a cancerous neoplasm. The key to preventing dangerous complications is a timely visit to a gastroenterologist, treatment of concomitant diseases and, if necessary, periodic visits to an oncologist.