What heartbeat (pulse) is considered normal in women. The norm of the pulse in an adult and a child, depending on age

When we say “the heart beats” or “beats”, we thereby characterize such a familiar concept for us as a person’s pulse. The fact that he reacts to internal states or external influences is the norm. The pulse quickens from positive emotions and during stressful situations, during physical exertion and in diseases.

Whatever stands behind the pulse rate, it is the most important biological marker of human well-being. But in order to be able to "decipher" the signals given by the heart in the form of shocks and beats, you need to know which pulse is considered normal.

Most medical terms are rooted in Latin, so if you are wondering what a pulse is, you should refer to the translation.

Literally, “pulse” means a push or blow, that is, we give the correct description of the pulse, saying “knocking” or “beating”. And these beats occur due to contractions of the heart, leading to oscillatory movements of the arterial walls. They arise in response to the passage of a pulse wave through the vascular walls. How is it formed?

1. With myocardial contraction, blood is ejected from the heart chamber into the arterial bed, the artery at this moment expands, the pressure in it rises. This period of the cardiac cycle is called systole.
2. Then the heart relaxes and "absorbs" a new portion of blood (this is the moment of diastole), and the pressure in the artery drops. All this happens very quickly - the description of the process of the arterial pulse takes more time than its actual course.

The greater the volume of blood expelled, the better the blood supply to the organs, so a normal pulse is the value at which blood (together with oxygen and nutrients) enters the organs in the required volume.

The state of a person during the examination can be judged by several properties of the pulse:

• frequency (number of shocks per minute);
• rhythm (equality of intervals between beats, if they are not the same, then the heartbeat is arrhythmic);
• speed (fall and increase in pressure in the artery, accelerated or slow dynamics is considered pathological);
• tension (the force required to stop the pulsation, an example of a tense heartbeat is pulse waves in hypertension);
• filling (a value folded in part from the voltage and height of the pulse wave and depending on the volume of blood in systole).

The greatest influence on pulse filling is exerted by the force of compression of the left ventricle. The graphic representation of the measurement of the pulse wave is called sphymography.

A table of a normal human pulse by year and age is presented in the lower section of the article.

A pulsating vessel for measuring the pulse rate on the human body can be felt in different areas:

• on the inside of the wrist, under the thumb (radial artery);
• in the zone of the temples (temporal artery);
• on the popliteal fold (popliteal);
• on the fold at the junction of the pelvis and lower limb (femoral);
• from the inside on the elbow bend (shoulder);
• on the neck under the right side of the jaw (carotid).

The most popular and convenient is the measurement of heart rate on the radial artery, this vessel is located close to the skin. To measure, you need to find a pulsating “vein” and firmly attach three fingers to it. Using a clock with a second hand, count the number of beats in 1 minute.

Palpation points of the peripheral arterial pulse on the head and neck

How many beats per minute should be normal?

In the concept of a normal pulse, they put the optimal number of heartbeats per minute. But this parameter is not a constant, that is, a constant, since it depends on the age, field of activity and even the gender of a person.

The results of measuring the heart rate during the examination of the patient are always compared with how many beats per minute the pulse of a healthy person should be. This value is close to 60-80 beats per minute in a calm state. But under certain conditions, deviations from this norm of the heart rate up to 10 units in both directions are allowed. For example, it is believed that heart rate in women is always 8-9 beats more often than in men. And for professional athletes, the heart generally works in an “ergonomic mode”.

The reference point for the normal pulse of an adult is the same 60-80 beats per minute. Such a human pulse is the norm for a state of rest, if an adult does not suffer from cardiovascular and other diseases that affect heart rate. In adults, the heart rate increases under adverse weather conditions, during physical exertion, with an emotional outburst. To return a person's pulse to normal by age, a 10-minute rest is enough, this is a normal physiological reaction. If, after rest, the return of heart rate to normal does not occur, there is reason to consult a doctor.

If a man is engaged in intensive sports training, then for him at rest even 50 beats per minute - the pulse is normal. In a trained person, the body adapts to stress, the heart muscle becomes larger, which increases the volume of cardiac output. Therefore, the heart does not have to make multiple contractions to ensure normal blood flow - it works slowly, but with high quality.

Men engaged in mental work may experience bradycardia (heart rate less than 60 beats per minute), but it can hardly be called physiological, since even minor loads in such men can cause the opposite condition - tachycardia (heart rate above 90 beats per minute). This negatively affects the work of the heart and can lead to a heart attack and other serious consequences.

To bring the pulse back to normal by age (60-70 beats per minute), men are recommended to balance nutrition, regimen and physical activity.

The norm of the pulse in women is 70-90 beats at rest, but many factors influence its performance:

• diseases of internal organs;
• hormonal background;
• woman's age and others.

A marked excess of heart rate is observed in women during menopause. At this time, there may be frequent episodes of tachycardia, interspersed with other arrhythmic manifestations and changes in blood pressure. Many women often "sit down" at this age on sedatives, which is not always justified and not very useful. The most correct decision, when the pulse deviates from the norm at rest, is to visit a doctor and select supportive therapy.

The change in heart rate in women during the period of bearing a child in most cases is physiological in nature and does not require the use of corrective therapy. But to make sure that the condition is physiological, you need to know what pulse is normal for a pregnant woman.

Without forgetting that for a woman, a pulse rate of 60-90 is the norm, we add that when pregnancy occurs, the heart rate begins to gradually increase. The first trimester is characterized by an increase in heart rate by an average of 10 beats, and by the third trimester - up to 15 "extra" shocks. Of course, these shocks are not superfluous, they are necessary for pumping the volume of circulating blood increased by 1.5 times into the circulatory system of a pregnant woman. How much a woman's pulse should be in position depends on what the normal heart rate was before pregnancy - it can be 75 or 115 beats per minute. In pregnant women in the third trimester, the pulse rate is often disturbed due to lying in a horizontal position, which is why they are recommended to sleep reclining or on their side.

The highest heart rate in a person by age is in infancy. For newborns, a pulse of 140 per minute is the norm, but by the 12th month this value gradually decreases, reaching 110 - 130 beats. A rapid heartbeat in the first years of life is explained by the intensive growth and development of the child's body, which requires increased metabolism.

Further decrease in heart rate is not so active, and the rate of 100 beats per minute is reached by the age of 6.

Only in adolescence - 16-18 years old - does the heart rate finally reach the normal pulse of an adult per minute, decreasing to 65-85 beats per minute.

What pulse is considered normal?

The heart rate is affected not only by diseases, but also by temporary external influences. As a rule, a temporary increase in heart rate can be restored after a short rest and elimination of provoking factors. And what should be the normal pulse for a person in various states?

At rest

The value that is considered the normal heart rate for an adult is actually the heart rate at rest.

That is, speaking about the norm of a healthy heartbeat, we always mean the value measured at rest. For an adult, this rate is 60-80 beats per minute, but under certain conditions, the rate can be 50 beats (for trained people) and 90 (for women and young people).

1. The value of the maximum heart rate is calculated as the difference between the number 220 and the number of full years of a person. (For example, for 20-year-olds this value will be: 220-20=200).
2. The value of the minimum pulse (50% of the maximum): 200:100x50 = 100 beats.
3. Pulse rate at moderate loads (70% of the maximum): 200:100x70 = 140 beats per minute.

Physical activity can have a different intensity - moderate and high, depending on which the heart rate of a person receiving these loads will be different.

Remember - for moderate physical exertion, the heart rate ranges from 50 to 70% of the maximum value, calculated as the difference between the number 220 and the total number of years of a person.

With high physical exertion, an example of which is running (as well as speed swimming, aerobics, etc.), the heart rate is calculated according to a similar scheme. To find out what human heart rate is considered normal while running, use the following formulas:

1. They will find out the difference between the number 220 and the age of a person, that is, the maximum heart rate: 220-30 \u003d 190 (for 30-year-olds).
2. Determine 70% of the maximum: 190:100x70 = 133.
3. Determine 85% of the maximum: 190:100x85 = 162 hits.

The heart rate when running ranges from 70 to 85% of the maximum value, which is the difference between 220 and the person's age.

The formula for calculating the maximum heart rate is also useful when calculating the rate of heart rate for burning fat.

Most fitness trainers use the method of the Finnish physiologist and military doctor M. Karvonen for calculations, who developed a method for determining the limits of the pulse for physical training. According to this method, the target zone or FSZ (fat burning zone) is a heart rate in the range from 50 to 80% of the maximum heart rate.

When calculating the maximum heart rate, the norm by age is not taken into account, but the age itself is taken into account. For example, let's take the age of 40 years and calculate the heart rate for the WSW:

1. 220 – 40 = 180.
2. 180x0.5 = 90 (50% of the maximum).
3. 180x0.8 = 144 (80% of the maximum).
4. HRW ranges from 90 to 144 beats per minute.

Why is there such a disparity in numbers? The fact is that the rate of heart rate for training should be selected individually, taking into account fitness, well-being and other characteristics of the body. Therefore, before starting training (and in their process), a medical examination is necessary.

After meal

Gastrocardial syndrome - a noticeable increase in heart rate after eating - can be observed in various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular, endocrine system. The pathological condition is indicated by a heartbeat that is significantly higher than normal. Is there a normal increase in heart rate during meals?

Strictly speaking, a slight increase in heart rate during or 10-15 minutes after a meal is a physiological state. The food that enters the stomach presses on the diaphragm, which makes a person breathe deeper and more often - hence the increase in heart rate. Especially often there is an excess of the norm of the pulse when overeating.

But even if a little food is eaten, and the heart still starts beating faster, this is not always a sign of pathology. It's just that digestion of food requires an increase in metabolism, and for this - a slight increase in heart rate.

The pulse rate after eating is approximately equal to the normal rate for moderate physical exertion.

We have already learned how to calculate it, it remains only to compare our own pulse after eating with the norm calculated by the formula.

Table of heart rate by age

To compare your own measurements with the optimum, it is useful to have a heart rate table by age at hand. It shows the minimum and maximum allowable heart rate values. If your heart rate is less than the minimum normal value, you can suspect bradycardia, if it is more than the maximum, it is possible. But only a doctor can determine this.

Table. Norms of a person's pulse by age.

The data are given for people without special pathologies and measurements in a state of complete rest, that is, immediately after waking up or after a 10-minute rest lying down. Women after 45 should pay attention to a slightly overestimated rate of heart rate, which is associated with hormonal changes during menopause.

Useful video

From the following video you can find out more information about the human heart rate:

Conclusion

1. Heart rate is an important physiological indicator of human health.
2. The pulse rate varies depending on age, gender, fitness and other physical characteristics of the human body.
3. Temporary fluctuations in heart rate by 10-15 units can be physiological in nature and do not always require medical intervention.
4. If a person's heart rate exceeds the norm by age by a significant number of beats per minute, you should consult a doctor and find out the cause of the deviation.

The heart is beating fast.

The heart is the motor that provides the work of all the most important human organs. This is the only body that "does not rest" and takes care of us around the clock.

It often happens that his work fails. Such situations require constant monitoring and immediate action if necessary.

Sometimes malfunctions in the work of our heart occur due to fatigue of the body, but sometimes this can indicate more serious problems.

So, today we will talk about heart palpitations, the causes of this problem and consider methods of dealing with the disease.

How many beats per minute should the heart of a healthy person beat?

A certain number of heart beats per minute is called the pulse. So, at rest, in a healthy person, the pulse is approximately 60-80 beats per minute.

• It is very important to know that the pulse is measured only in a calm environment. This refers to the case when you want to know how many beats per minute the heart produces, with your good health.
• The pulse, by the way, cannot be the same all the time. It is always different and depends on many factors. The temperature and humidity of the air, pressure, and a number of internal factors play a role here: experiences, a sharp change in mood.
• If we talk about babies, then their pulse is significantly different. In newborn babies, the pulse reaches 130-140 beats per minute and this phenomenon is absolutely normal. In children aged 6-7 years, the pulse is reduced to about 100 beats per minute. The heart rate, as in an adult, appears at the age of 15-18 years.

• Malfunctions in the work of our "motor" can be expressed in the form of arrhythmia, tachycardia and bradycardia.
• Arrhythmia is a disease in which the heart rhythm is unstable, that is, the heart beats, sometimes less often, sometimes more often. Tachycardia is characterized by an increased heart rate, but bradycardia, on the contrary, is reduced.
• With any of the deviations, a visit to the doctor is mandatory.

What is the disease called when the heart beats fast? Why the heart beats fast and strong at rest: reasons

Heart palpitations are a problem for many people. Most often, the heart beats quickly with tachycardia.

• Tachycardia is one of the varieties of cardiac arrhythmia, during which the heartbeat increases to 90 or more beats per second.
• It is worth saying that sometimes tachycardia is the norm. Athletes, people who simply engage in strenuous physical activity, and those who are emotionally stressed may experience heart palpitations. But if we are talking about tachycardia as a disease, then this is clearly associated with diseases of the cardiovascular system.
• It is also useful to know that tachycardia is often observed at high air temperatures, after drinking alcohol, in stressful situations. Children who are under 7 years old also very often suffer from heart palpitations, but this is considered to be the norm. If a child of this age has tachycardia, you should not panic, but it still won’t hurt to “keep your finger on the pulse”.
• With pathological tachycardia, that is, tachycardia that appeared due to any pathologies of the heart, the volume of ejected blood decreases significantly, the pressure decreases and blood circulation in the body is disturbed. Due to poor blood circulation, the organs receive an insufficient amount of both blood and, accordingly, oxygen. Long-term problems of this nature can cause complications in the form of other serious diseases.
• There are also sinus and ectopic tachycardias. Both the first and the second are not the norm for the work of the human heart and require constant monitoring and treatment.
• Now let's talk in more detail about sinus tachycardia. With this disease, the heart rate can increase to 130-220 beats per minute, which, of course, is not the norm.

There are a lot of reasons why the heart can behave unstable and incorrectly. One has only to say that if the work of the heart changes at rest, then most likely you are dealing with tachycardia and there is no need to postpone a visit to a cardiologist in this case. So, the causes of tachycardia:

• Impact on the body of harmful substances. This refers to excessive drinking and, of course, smoking. Since childhood, we have been told that bad habits have a detrimental effect on our health and the body as a whole, however, people pay attention to their health when there is a problem and needs to be addressed.
• Increased amount of thyroid hormones. Excess thyroid hormones can lead to tachycardia
• The influence of medicines. It has long been proven that medications can affect the functioning of our organs. So taking drugs such as antidepressants, hormones, diuretics and many others can easily disrupt the heart rhythm.
• Diseases of the respiratory system. When the body does not receive enough oxygen, then the blood is not sufficiently enriched with it. In this case, the organs do not receive proper nutrition and "oxygen starvation" begins. The heart tries to solve this problem and for this it increases the heart rate, hence we get tachycardia
• And, of course, heart disease. This can be inflammation of the heart muscle, various heart defects, coronary artery disease, as well as heart diseases in which structural and functional changes in the heart muscle occur.
• Constant stress, tension, emotional instability, depression. All of this has an undeniable negative impact on our health. That is why we are taught from childhood to take care of our nerves, because all diseases are from them.

In order to understand why your heart is not working properly, you definitely need to contact a specialist, because the heart is the most important organ that ensures the functioning of the whole body.

I hear how loudly my heart beats quickly, strongly and often, it hurts, it is difficult to breathe - symptoms of what disease?

Of course, all of the above symptoms may indicate a disease we have previously described - tachycardia. Why this ailment appears, how it manifests itself and what to do with it, you already know. However, it should be said that in the presence of a violation of the respiratory function, we can talk about other diseases.

• Very often, signs such as pain in the heart, rapid heartbeat, difficulty breathing can indicate heart failure.
• With heart failure, the heart cannot provide the body with the necessary amount of oxygen and, as you know, "oxygen starvation" begins.
• In a calm state, a person can feel absolutely normal and satisfactory, but in a stressful situation or during emotional and physical stress, the heartbeat quickens, shortness of breath and pain in the heart appear.

• In such a situation, a person needs to provide peace and fresh air. The patient should relax and try to calm down. Breathing should be very deep and smooth on the inhale, and on the exhale, on the contrary, sharp.
• You can drink valocordin or corvalol.
• Also, tachycardia and difficulty breathing can indicate a stroke and heart attack. In this case, there may still be pain in the heart, chest, dizziness. In this case, you should immediately consult a doctor.

What makes you feel like your heart is beating in your throat?

During normal heart function, we almost do not feel it, or at least simply do not pay any attention to its beats. However, there are times when it is simply impossible not to feel the work of our “motor”. It happens when the heart begins to beat "in the throat." Indeed, sometimes a person can very clearly feel a heartbeat in this place, let's see why and when this happens.

• The most harmless reason for this phenomenon is increased physical activity on the body. Very often, we feel the pulse in the throat after running, squats and push-ups, that is, when the body is under intense stress. This can also increase blood pressure, which leads to ringing, tinnitus, dizziness.
• Heartbeat in the throat can also be felt after drinking coffee, alcohol or cigarettes. Coffee, cigarettes, alcohol are generally considered irritants. The substances contained in their composition negatively affect the functioning of the heart muscle, causing it to contract even faster.
• Stress, panic attacks make the heart beat much faster than normal. The state of a panic attack can be accompanied by suffocation, dizziness, nausea and even vomiting, a feeling of heaviness in the throat and chest.
• A heart that goes down the throat can be a symptom of a serious illness - anemia. With anemia, as this disease is also called, the body, its cells and tissues do not receive the necessary amount of oxygen, which leads to "oxygen starvation".

• Inflammation of the heart muscle is another cause of "heart in the throat." This disease is manifested by shortness of breath, tachycardia, and even an increase in the liver and heart.
• Also, the heart may beat in the throat due to heart defects. Defects can be both congenital and acquired. Signs of heart defects can be considered weakness, shortness of breath, enlargement of the heart and its departments, painful sensation in the heart.
• The heart is also felt in the throat during moments of great excitement, sudden stress, and a number of neurological problems. And such a heartbeat is manifested not only by the fact that it goes down the throat, but also by dizziness, the inability to swallow saliva, as if there is “a lump in the throat”, numbness of the limbs, impaired respiratory function, heaviness in the chest when inhaling.
• If you feel that your heart is beating in your throat, but at the same time exclude the possibility of overwork, the day before you did not exercise and are not in a state of stress, then you need to see a doctor. After a complete examination, the specialist will establish the cause of this phenomenon and prescribe the appropriate treatment.

Why does the heart beat strongly when excited, from alcohol, from a hangover?

Most people are faced with the fact that when excited, the heart literally "jumps" out of the chest. Also, there are cases when the heart reacts very violently to alcohol and makes itself felt not only while drinking alcohol, but also after, during the so-called hangover. Why is this happening?

• Excitement, as a rule, is always accompanied by a change in the state of the body. Someone is less prone to excitement and experiences, someone is more and excitement manifests itself in everyone in different ways. Someone's hands are shaking and their palms are sweating, someone suffers from a "squeezing" of the throat, in connection with which it becomes difficult to speak, and someone's heart begins to beat very quickly.
• Sometimes this is an absolutely normal reaction of the body to a stressful situation, but sometimes a rapid heartbeat in situations that are atypical for a person may indicate the presence of various diseases. It can also be vegetovascular dystonia, which is characterized by palpitations, excessive sweating, anxiety, fatigue, instability of blood pressure, and other diseases of both the cardiovascular system and the endocrine, nervous.
• It is very important to pay attention to the nature of the heartbeat, and in fact, the frequency. If, after the source of excitement disappears, the heart quickly recovers, if the pulse does not increase very much, then this is a completely normal reaction of the body.

• Now let's move on to alcohol. The state of a person who is intoxicated with alcohol changes significantly. The work of the heart does not stand aside. Alcohol, acting on the tissues of the heart, changes the work of our "motor". Blood pressure at these moments, as a rule, rises, and quite sharply, the pulse quickens, and this in turn leads to impaired blood circulation.
• Small vessels sometimes even burst, and the heart, of course, experiences "oxygen starvation." The systematic intake of alcohol definitely negatively affects the heart muscle, it becomes flabby and inelastic. Alcoholic tachycardia wears out the heart and will use up its resources completely for other purposes.
• If we are talking about rare cases of alcohol consumption and if the pulse does not exceed 90 beats per minute, and your condition is generally satisfactory, then you should not worry. If other symptoms are added to these symptoms - dizziness, loss of consciousness, vomiting, nausea, then you can definitely not do without an ambulance.
• With a hangover, the heart can beat faster in cases where there is any disease. Because in an absolutely healthy person, even with a strong hangover, the heart “does not jump out”.

Here are some reasons why the pulse quickens after drinking:

1. Intoxication, that is, alcohol poisoning. Alcohol is considered a strong toxin that can damage the heart.
2. Due to vascular malfunction. After drinking alcohol, the vessels absorb it into themselves and it is for this reason that they cannot always deliver blood to where it is needed. The heart is looking for a way out of this situation and begins to work in an accelerated mode.
3. Deficiency of vitamins and minerals.
4. If you are a “not drunk” person, but even after a small amount of alcohol you drink, your heart works differently, you need to urgently see a doctor, because this condition is the norm.

When I go to bed, my heart beats strongly - I can’t sleep: causes, symptoms of what disease?

When a person is getting ready for bed or has already gone to bed, then in principle there are no reasons for a rapid heartbeat. This means that the person is not anxious, does not worry about anything and is not in a stressful situation. Normally, a person in a dream should have a heart rate of about 60-80 beats per minute.

So, the causes of a strong and rapid heartbeat in this case may be:

• fright
• stressful state
• Emotions, both good and bad
• Previously drunk coffee or energy drinks
• Allergic reaction to medication or side effect
• Colds that are accompanied by an increase in body temperature
• Anemia
• Poor indoor air circulation
• Diseases of the heart and endocrine system

As you can see, there are a lot of reasons and most of them are very serious. Such a human condition leads to even greater stress, can cause a number of other equally serious diseases and is expressed in insomnia and anxiety.

• In order to start treating or eliminating this problem, you first need to understand what exactly causes a rapid heartbeat.
• It is important to take good care of your health. Try to remember the first time you encountered a similar problem, what happened the day before. If this condition has been haunting you for a long time, consult a doctor immediately. After all, this symptom may indicate a serious illness.
• If palpitations occur against the background of stress, an unpleasant dream, a previously experienced emotional outburst, then ordinary sedatives can help. It can be valerian or motherwort. You can also wash with cold water and ventilate the room. Controlling your breathing also helps a lot: try to inhale deeply and slowly, and then exhale sharply, do this exercise several times.

What to do if the heart beats strongly and often - how to calm it down: tips, recommendations

If your heart beats really fast and strong, then a visit to the doctor is the first thing you should take care of. Any, even an absolutely healthy person, can have malfunctions in the work of the heart, but a constant heart palpitation is not the norm.

If a heart rate of 100-150 beats per minute caught you off guard, you can try the following:

• You need to try to calm down, remove your excitement. It is clear that doing this is more difficult than saying that it is necessary, but try to calm your body as much as possible.
• Open windows in the room or doors. The main thing is to find a source of fresh air.
• Lie down on the bed or sit down. Stop any activity, especially sports.
• You can drink validol, Corvalol or valerian.
• Valerian can be drunk both in drops and made into a decoction. To do this, you will need 2-3 tbsp. l. valerian and 200-300 g of boiling water. Pour boiling water over the ingredient, let it brew, and then drink 50-70 ml 3 times a day.

• A decoction of hawthorn or motherwort will also help calm the heart. Pour boiling water over the necessary ingredients and leave for 2-3 hours, and then drink in small portions 2-3 times a day. For a decoction of 300 ml of water, you will need 3-4 tbsp. l. ingredient.
• It is also advised to massage the right carotid artery. However, such a massage must be done correctly and in the right place, so it is best to consult a doctor about this.
• You can also resort to massage of the little fingers. To do this, pay attention to the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe finger near the nail.
• Avoid coffee and energy drinks. This is what can contribute to the fact that you are faced with tachycardia.
• Remember, the heart is very sensitive to all changes in your body, so sometimes a rapid heartbeat is nothing more than a signal from your body that it's time for you to rest. Therefore, in such a situation, put aside all even the most important things and just spend the day without worries: get enough sleep, lie in bed, watch your favorite movies and give your body time to recuperate.

As you can see, palpitations can be both a sign of a serious illness and a normal reaction of the body to stress and emotions. It is very important in such situations to reasonably assess all the risks and objectively assess the state of health. If you find it difficult to independently determine the severity of your problem, contact your doctor immediately. Let this campaign be better preventive than you miss the time and do not start treatment on time. Take care of yourself, your heart and be healthy.

Video: How to calm the heartbeat?

Oct 7

How many beats per minute should the heart beat?

The number of heart beats per minute is the main medical indicator, depending on many factors. It is known how many beats per minute the heart of representatives of different ages should beat. For example, a normal pulse in a person should be equal to 60-90 beats, in a newborn child - 150 units, in athletes - 40-46 beats per minute. A woman's heart beats 8-10 beats faster than a man's. With stress or excessive physical stress, this number can reach 200 units. The pulse is measured with a medical device or is recognized by probing the large arteries located on the neck and wrist with fingers.

Factors Affecting Heart Rate

A change in pulse should cause alertness. The reasons for the deviation of the number of contractions from the norm are:

• emotional stress;
• heredity;
• overwork;
• fitness;
• hormonal changes in the body;
• weakening of the heart muscle caused by age or disease;
• neurosis, arrhythmia, ischemia, hypertension;
• cold;
• poisoning;
• viral damage to the body;
• ambient temperature and humidity;
• inflammatory processes.

Failure of the functioning of the cardiovascular system causes weakness, headaches, fatigue, tension. The main fibromuscular organ of a person works like a pump, pumping up to 130 mm of blood in one contraction. During the day, the volume of pumped liquid reaches 7,500 liters. From the left ventricle, the blood flow enters the aorta and is pumped through the arteries at a speed of 40 km/h.

How many beats per minute should a normal heart beat?

A slow pulse is a good sign, indicating the ability of the main organ to pump the right amount of blood in fewer contractions. The same picture is observed in a sleeping person who needs less oxygen and nutrients. With age, the heart wears out, the muscles weaken, and every year the pulse increases. Its indicator usually corresponds to the number of years lived. For example, at 80, a heart rate of 80 beats per minute is considered normal.

The study of the music of the heart with the help of computer programs has allowed scientists to penetrate the secrets of the heart. In particular, it was found that the heart rhythm in a healthy person is somewhat chaotic (acceleration or delay), and in a patient with a pre-infarction state, it is perfectly accurate. This circumstance helps to identify a predisposition to heart disease.

Influence on the pulse of external conditions

A number of experiments were conducted at the Institute of Clinical Cardiology, the purpose of which was to study the factors that cause disruptions in the circulatory system. In particular, the restriction of the mobility of rabbits for 70 days led to atrophy of myofibrils - muscle fibers, disruption of intercellular connections, growth of capillary walls and a decrease in the lumen of blood vessels. This was not slow to affect the pulse rate.

Volunteers watching a film with a sad story resulted in a 35% decrease in blood flow, while a funny story increased it by 22%. A positive effect on the state of the circulatory system has a daily use of dark chocolate, which improves performance by 13%.

The pulse of a healthy person per minute is a jerky oscillation of the walls of the arteries associated with the cardiac cycle. Any changes in it may indicate the presence of diseases of the cardiovascular system, or other pathologies, the development of which has an indirect effect on the functioning of the heart.

Normal heart rate per minute

What is the pulse rate of a healthy person? This question is not so easy to answer, since the heart rate for each age category is different.

For example, in a newborn child, for the first few days, the pulse is 140 beats / min., And after a week it is normally 130 beats / min. At the age of one to two years, it begins to decline and is about 100 bpm.

At preschool age (children from 3 to 7 years old), at rest, the heart rate should not exceed 95 beats / min., But at school age (from 8 to 14 years old) - 80 beats / min.

In a middle-aged person, in the absence of pathological changes in the work of the heart, the heart beats approximately 72 times per minute, and in the presence of any diseases, the frequency of contractions increases to 120 beats per minute.

In old age, a person's pulse is 65 beats / min., However, before death, it increases to 160 beats / min.

In a state of complete rest is 60 - 80 beats / min. It can change in the morning and at night (50 - 70 bpm), and in the evening, on the contrary, the heart rate increases (normally up to 90 bpm).

To understand which pulse is exactly the norm for a particular person, you can use a simple formula: you need to subtract age from 180. Thus, a number will be obtained, which will indicate how many beats per minute the heart should beat, provided that there is complete rest and the absence of diseases.

And in order to confirm the data obtained, it will take several days to count the heart rate at the same time and in the same body position. The thing is that changes in heart contractions occur not only in the morning, evening and night, but also change depending on the position of the body.

For example, in a healthy person, in the prone position, the pulse is lower than in the sitting position (increases by about 5-7 beats / min.), And while standing, it reaches its maximum mark (increases by 10-15 beats / min.). Also, minor disturbances can be observed after eating food or hot drinks.

For accurate measurement of heart rate per minute, it is necessary to place the index and middle fingers on the radial artery. It is in this place that the pulsation of the arteries is most clearly audible.

You can determine the location of the radial artery as follows - put your thumb just above the first crease on your wrist. The radial artery is located above the index finger.

When measuring the pulse, the wrist should be slightly bent, and given the fact that the pulsation on the left and right hand can be different, the measurement of the pulse must be carried out on both hands. Each finger should clearly feel the pulse wave, and when counting the pulse, the pressure of the fingers on the wrist should be slightly reduced.

It is not worth using hardware for measurements, as the indicators may be inaccurate. The palpation method has been the most reliable and reliable for many years and can tell a specialist about many diseases.

Another important point. It is also necessary to take into account the respiratory cycle, which consists of inhalation, a short pause and exhalation. In a healthy person, one respiratory cycle accounts for about 4 - 6 beats / min.

If these indicators are higher, then this may indicate a violation of the work of any internal organs, if less, then functional failure. In both the first and second cases, you need to immediately consult a doctor and undergo a full examination to identify the pathology.

What is the normal heart rate during exercise?

Every person who leads an active lifestyle and regularly plays sports should know how much the pulse should be during physical exertion?

Per minute during physical exertion is much higher than in a state of complete rest. For example, while walking, it is approximately 100 bpm, while running it increases to 150 bpm. Do a little test, go up the stairs to the 3rd - 4th floor and count your heart rate. If they are less than 100 bpm, you are in excellent physical shape. If the indicators exceed 100 bpm. more than 10 - 20 bpm, then you are in poor physical shape.

There are certain criteria that make it possible to understand whether loads of one or another intensity are dangerous for the body. If the pulse rate is 100 - 130 beats per minute, then this indicates that physical activity can be increased, from 130 to 150 beats per minute. is the norm for humans. And if, when counting the pulse, indicators close to 200 were found, then physical activity will need to be urgently reduced, as this can lead to serious violations of the heart.

After exercise, pulse of a healthy person minute comes back in about 4-5 minutes. If after this period of time the approach of the pulse to the norm is not detected, then this may indicate a violation of the cardiovascular system.

When can indicators be wrong?

Measuring the pulse does not always reveal accurate data. Violations can be observed in the following cases:

• prolonged exposure to frost, sun or near fire;
• after eating food and hot drinks;
• after the use of tobacco and alcohol products;
• after sexual contact within 30 minutes;
• after taking a relaxing bath or massage;
• during a period of intense hunger;
• during menstruation (in women).

How does the pulse reflect the state of health?

Knowing what is the pulse of a healthy person normally, it is possible to prevent the complication of diseases, since it is the change in the frequency of contractions that indicates changes in the body.

For example, rapid heart rate (over 100 bpm) is the main symptom of tachycardia, which requires special treatment. In this case, an increase in the pulse can be observed both in the daytime and at night.

With a decrease in the frequency of contractions to 50 beats / min. or below is also an alarm signal for a person, which indicates the presence of bradycardia, which also requires urgent treatment.

In heart failure, the pulse is very weak and slow. This condition is dangerous and can cause sudden death, therefore, if symptoms of this disease appear, the patient must be urgently taken to any medical facility.

Heart rate can also indicate the presence of other diseases and conditions that require special attention. Therefore, if the pulse for some unknown reason begins to decrease or, on the contrary, increase, you need to urgently see a doctor.

A clear pulse within the normal range indicates excellent health, which does not require worries and a visit to a doctor.

Why is the heart beating

What makes our heart work "tirelessly"? After all, just think, receiving impulses from the conducting system, this organ pumps blood all 24 hours a day. And this process has no respite since its launch in the prenatal period! It is amazing. There are several answers, but they are not exhaustive.

Recent studies by Swedish scientists have led them to conclude that hydraulics play an important role in the repetitive contraction of the chambers, and they called the diastolic phase the most important factor in the work of the heart.

We will focus on what is scientifically based and has long been known about the heartbeat. The conduction system of the heart plays the most important role in the contractions of the atria and ventricles. Starting from the right atrium and, having gone from the atria to the ventricles, the conduction system ensures that the impulse arrives at the chambers of the heart in the same order.

This circumstance provides the conditions for the correct and coordinated work of that body. The conducting system has a sinus node, internodal tracts, an atrioventricular node, a bundle of His with its branches, and Purkinje fibers. Among this entire system, there are 4 main sources of impulses - the so-called "pacemakers". The main sinus node generates impulses with a frequency of 60 to 80 impulses at rest per minute.

In case of violation of the sinus node, the atrioventricular node becomes the pacemaker, capable of generating impulses with a frequency of 40 to 60 impulses per minute. The next pacemaker in descending order is the bundle of His with its branches. It is characterized by the generation of pulses with a frequency of 15-40 pulses per minute. If, for some reason, the bundle of His does not work, the Purkinje fibers begin to set their own rhythm - no more than 20 beats per minute.

2 The main indicators of the cardiovascular system

In the work of the heart, the main indicators that affect its functional state, as well as the state of the body as a whole, are distinguished. All of them are interconnected. Let's continue what we started talking about. Heart rate (HR) or heartbeat is one such indicator of its work. Of no small importance is given to the heartbeat, because a rapid heartbeat can lead to depletion of the blood supply to the heart muscle, and this is fraught with the development of ischemia and all the ensuing consequences.

A slow heartbeat can lead to a decrease in blood flow to the vessels of the brain. This situation is dangerous for the development of oxygen "starvation" of the brain. In the study of the work of the heart, heart rate at rest is taken into account. How many beats per minute should the heart of an adult and a child beat? These indicators can be so different that for an adult patient, the normal heart rate in a child is tachycardia, etc. So, there is a norm of indicators.

3 heart rate depending on age

1. In the intrauterine period, the normal heart rate is considered to be from 120-160 heart beats per minute.
2. In the neonatal period (up to one month, 29 days), normal heart rate is considered to be from 110 to 170 heartbeats per minute.
3. From one month to a year, heart rate indicators are in the range of 102 to 162 contractions per minute.
4. From one year to two years, the level of heart rate decreases to 154 beats on the upper limit and 94 beats on the lower one.
5. The next age period is from two to four years. The normal heart rate for a child at this age is 90-140 heartbeats per minute.
6. At four or six years old, normal heart rates showed - from 86 to 26 heartbeats per minute.
7. At six, seven and eight years of age, 78-118 beats per minute is normal for a child.
8. From 8 years to 10 years, the normal heart rate is 68 to 108 beats per minute.
9. At 10-12 years old, the normal limit for children is between 60 and 100 beats per minute.
10. At 12-16 years old, this figure drops to 55 beats per minute for the lower and 95 beats per minute for the upper indicator.
11. From 16 to 50 years of age, the limits of normal heart rate are within 60-80 beats per minute.
12. From 50 to 60 years old, normal heart rate is considered to be from 64 to 84 beats. per minute in an adult patient.
13. From sixty to eighty years, the normal heart rate is in the range of 69 - 89 contractions per minute.

Heart rate can be determined by palpation of the radial or carotid artery. The determination of the pulse on the radial artery in a healthy person corresponds to the heart rate. Palpation of the radial artery is performed by pressing the pads of the four fingers on the outer (lateral) surface of the hand. The thumb should be on the back of the hand. This method of determining the pulse should not cause difficulties.

If the radial artery lies deep or subcutaneous fat is expressed, you can try to determine the pulse on the carotid artery. However, when determining the pulse in this way, one should be careful, since strong pressure can provoke a decrease in blood pressure. The place for determining the pulse on the carotid artery is the lateral surface of the neck. You need to turn your head to the side as much as possible. Due to this, a slanting descending contour of the neck muscle appears on the lateral surface of the neck.

By drawing a line from the upper edge of the thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple) to the front edge of this muscle horizontally, you can feel the pulsation of the carotid artery, after which you can also determine the pulse. It is worth remembering that the pulse may not always coincide with the heart rate. This phenomenon is called pulse deficit. The volume of blood ejected by the ventricles does not reach the peripheral arteries. In such cases, the number of heartbeats exceeds the pulse rate on the peripheral arterial vessels. Pulse deficiency can be observed with atrial fibrillation and extrasystole.

4 Systolic volume

The next main indicator of the work of the human heart is the systolic or stroke volume of blood (CO, SV). It represents the volume (portion) of blood that the ventricles eject into the vessels during the systole phase. CO is an indicator that can vary depending on gender, age, functional state of the body. It is logical that during the physical period this indicator increases, since the working muscle mass must be supplied with an additional volume of blood.

Let's start with normal systolic blood volume in children:

1. In the neonatal period, a stroke volume of 2.5 ml is considered normal;
2. By the year, this figure increases to 10.2 ml;
3. At the age of 7 years, a normal CO is considered to be a volume of 28.0 ml;
4. In children aged 12 years, the indicator continues to grow and is 41.0 ml;
5. From 13 to 16 years of age, the blood oxygen content is 59.0 ml.

The numbers of normal indicators of stroke or systolic blood volume vary in children and adults. For men, this figure is 65-70 ml per systole, for women - 50-60 ml per systole period. However, not all of the blood in the ventricles is expelled into the vessels. The systolic volume of blood at rest can be half or one third of the total blood volume in the ventricle. This is necessary so that at the time of physical exertion the ventricles have a reserve supply that the body needs.

Therefore, at the moment of physical or emotional overload, the human heart is able to increase the stroke volume by 2 times. Both the right and left ventricles should have approximately the same systolic volume. In other words, the portion of blood ejected by the ventricles should be the same. It is possible to calculate CO in the blood based on the minute volume of blood and the heart rate (MOC). The IOC divided by the heart rate will be the systolic or stroke volume.

5 Minute blood volume

The minute volume of blood is the portion of blood that the ventricles eject into the vessels per unit of time. In other words, it is the product of systolic or stroke volume and heart rate. IOC, like SD or SV, depends on age, sex, rest or load:

1. For newborns, the normal IOC is in the range of 340 ml;
2. For children aged one year, it is 1250 ml;
3. At 7 years, the IOC is 1800 ml;
4. In children aged 12 years, the IOC is 2370 ml;
5. By the age of 16, the indicators of the IOC in girls are 3.8 liters, in boys - 4.5 liters;
6. In adults, the normal values ​​​​of the IOC are 4-6 liters.

With an increasing load on the cardiovascular system, the IOC can increase up to 30 liters per minute. For people involved in sports, IOC values ​​can reach 40 liters per minute under conditions of physical activity.