Hierarchy of angels in Orthodoxy. Angels. Thrones, Seraphim and Cherubim in different sources

The celebration of the Council of the Archangel Michael of God and other incorporeal Heavenly Forces was established at the beginning of the 4th century at the Local Council of Laodicea, which was several years before the First Ecumenical Council. The Council of Laodicea condemned and rejected the heretical worship of angels as the creators and rulers of the world and approved the Orthodox veneration of them. A holiday is celebrated in November - the ninth month from March (from which the year began in ancient times) - in accordance with the number of 9 ranks of the Angels. The eighth day of the month points to the future Council of all the Powers of Heaven on the day of the Last Judgment of God, which the holy fathers call "the eighth day," for after this age, which goes by weeks of days, the "Oth Day" will come, and then "the Son of Man will come in His Glory and all the holy angels with him” (Matt. 25:31).

The Angelic ranks are divided into three hierarchies - the highest, the middle and the lowest. Each hierarchy is made up of three ranks. The higher hierarchy includes: Seraphim, Cherubim and Thrones. Closest to the Most Holy Trinity are the six-winged Seraphim (Flaming, Fiery) (Isaiah 6:2). They burn with love for God and incite others to it.

After the Seraphim, the Lord will have many-eyed Cherubim (Genesis 3:24). Their name means: an outpouring of wisdom, enlightenment, because through them, shining with the light of the knowledge of God and the understanding of the mysteries of God, wisdom and enlightenment are sent down for true knowledge of God.

Behind the Cherubim - God-bearing by the grace given to them for service, the Thrones (Col. 1, 16), mysteriously and incomprehensibly bearing God. They serve the justice of God.

The average Angelic hierarchy is made up of three ranks: Dominions, Forces and Powers.

Dominions (Col. 1, 16) rule over the subsequent ranks of Angels. They instruct earthly rulers appointed by God in wise management. Dominions are taught to control feelings, to tame sinful desires, to enslave the flesh to the spirit, to dominate one's will, to overcome temptations.

Forces (1 Pet. 3:22) fulfill the will of God. They work miracles and send down the grace of wonderworking and clairvoyance to the saints of God. Forces help people in bearing obediences, strengthen them in patience, bestow spiritual strength and courage.

Authorities (1 Pet. 3:22; Col. 1:16) have the power to tame the power of the devil. They repel demonic temptations from people, affirm ascetics, protect them, and help people in the fight against evil thoughts.

The lower hierarchy includes three ranks: Principals, Archangels and Angels.

The beginnings (Col. 1, 16) rule over the lower angels, directing them to the fulfillment of Divine commands. They are entrusted with managing the universe, protecting countries, peoples, tribes. The Principles instruct people to give each one the honor due to his rank. Leaders are taught to perform official duties not for the sake of personal glory and benefits, but for the honor of God and the benefit of their neighbors.

The archangels (1 Thess. 4:16) preach the great and glorious gospel, reveal the secrets of faith, prophecy and the understanding of the will of God, strengthen the holy faith in people, enlightening their minds with the light of the Holy Gospel.

Angels (1 Pet. 3:22) are closest to people. They proclaim the intentions of God, instruct people to a virtuous and holy life. They keep believers, keep from falling, raise the fallen, never leave us and are always ready to help if we wish.

All ranks of the Heavenly Forces bear the common name of Angels - in essence of their ministry. The Lord reveals His will to the highest Angels, and they, in turn, enlighten the rest.

Above all nine ranks, the Lord placed the holy Archangel Michael (his name in Hebrew is “who is like God”) - a faithful servant of God, for he cast down from Heaven a proud day-stand with other fallen spirits. And to the rest of the Angelic Forces, he exclaimed: “Let's hear! Let us become kind before our Creator and do not think of what is displeasing to God!” According to Church tradition, captured in the service of the Archangel Michael, he took part in many Old Testament events. When the Israelites left Egypt, he led them in the form of a pillar of cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night. Through him, the Power of the Lord appeared, destroying the Egyptians and Pharaoh, who were persecuting the Israelites. Archangel Michael defended Israel in all disasters.

He appeared to Joshua and revealed the will of the Lord to take Jericho (Joshua 5:13-16). The power of the great Archangel of God appeared in the destruction of 185 thousand soldiers of the Assyrian king Sennacherib (2 Kings 19:35), in the defeat of the wicked leader Antiochus Iliodor and in the protection from fire of the three holy youths - Ananias, Azarias and Misail, who were thrown into the oven to be burned for refusal worship an idol. (Dan. 3, 92 - 95).

By the will of God, the Archangel transferred the prophet Habakkuk from Judea to Babylon in order to give food to Daniel, who was imprisoned in the den with lions (kontakion of the akathist, 8).

Archangel Michael forbade the devil to reveal to the Jews the body of the holy prophet Moses for deification (Jude 1:9).

The Holy Archangel Michael showed his strength when he miraculously saved a boy thrown into the sea by robbers with a stone around his neck off the coast of Athos (Paterik of Athos).

Since ancient times, the Archangel Michael in Russia has been glorified by his miracles. In the Volokolamsk Patericon, the story of the Monk Pafnuty Borovsky is given from the words of the Tatar Baskaks about the miraculous salvation of Novgorod the Great: to the New City and God and the Most Pure Mother of God covered it with the appearance of Michael the Archangel, who forbid him to go to him. He went to the Lithuanian castles and came to Kyiv and saw the great Michael the Archangel written above the door of the stone church and spoke with his prince, pointing with his finger: “Forbid me to go to Veliky Novgorod.”

Intercession for the Russian cities of the Most Holy Queen of Heaven has always been carried out by Her appearances with the Host of Heaven, under the leadership of the Archangel. Grateful Russia sang the Most Pure Theotokos and the Archangel Michael in church hymns. Many monasteries, cathedral, palace and town churches are dedicated to the Archangel. In ancient Kyiv, immediately after the adoption of Christianity, the Archangel Cathedral was erected and a monastery was built. Archangel cathedrals stand in Smolensk, Nizhny Novgorod, Staritsa, a monastery in Veliky Ustyug (beginning of the 13th century), a cathedral in Sviyazhsk. There was no city in Russia where there would not be a temple or a chapel dedicated to the Archangel Michael. One of the main temples of the city of Moscow - the temple-tomb in the Kremlin - is dedicated to him. Numerous and beautiful are the icons of the Chief of the Higher Forces and his Cathedral. One of them - the icon "Blessed Host" - was painted for the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin, where the holy warriors - Russian princes - are depicted under the leadership of the Archangel Michael.

The Archangels are also known from Holy Scripture and Holy Tradition: Gabriel is the fortress (strength) of God, the herald and minister of Divine omnipotence (Dan. 8, 16; Lk. 1, 26); Raphael - God's healing, healer of human ailments (Tov. 3, 16; Tov. 12, 15); Uriel - fire or light of God, enlightener (3 Ezra. 5, 20); Selaphiel is God's prayer book, inciting to prayer (3 Ezra. 5, 16); Jehudiel - glorifying God, strengthening those who work for the glory of the Lord and interceding for recompense for their deeds; Varahiel - the distributor of God's blessing for good deeds, asking people for God's mercy; Jeremiel - elevation to God (3 Ezra. 4, 36).

On the icons, the Archangels are depicted in accordance with the nature of their service:

Michael - tramples the devil underfoot, holds a green date branch in his left hand, in his right hand - a spear with a white banner (sometimes a flaming sword), on which a scarlet cross is inscribed.

Gabriel - with a branch of paradise, brought by him to the Blessed Virgin, or with a luminous lantern in his right hand and a jasper mirror in his left.

Raphael - holds a vessel with healing potions in his left hand, and with his right hand leads Tobias, carrying a fish.

Uriel - in his raised right hand - a naked sword at chest level, in his lowered left hand - "fiery flame".

Selaphiel - in a prayer position, looking down, hands folded on his chest.

Jehudiel - in his right hand he holds a golden crown, in his coat - a scourge of three red (or black) ropes.

Barahiel - many pink flowers on his clothes.

Jeremiel - holds scales in his hand.

NINE ANGEL OFFICES

2) Cherubim - In Judaic and Christian mythology, guardian angels. The cherub guards the tree of life after the expulsion of Adam and Eve from paradise. The prophet Ezekiel describes the cherubim who appeared to him in a vision of the temple as follows: “... cherubim and palm trees were made; a palm tree between two cherubs, and each cherub has two faces. On the one hand, a human face is turned to the palm tree, on the other hand, the face of a lion is turned to the palm tree ... ”(Ezek 41, 18-19) ...
According to the classification of Pseudo-Dionysius, cherubim, together with seraphim and thrones, constitute the first triad of nine angelic ranks. Dionysius says: “The name of the Cherubim means their power to know and contemplate God, the ability to receive the highest light and contemplate the Divine splendor at its very first manifestation, their wise art to teach and communicate to others the wisdom bestowed by them.”
It is also customary to consider sometimes cherubs as angels - children. The souls of dead children who remain small children in heaven.

3) Thrones - In the Christian tradition, one of the nine angelic ranks. This is the third rank of the first triad, where he enters along with the seraphim and cherubim. Pseudo-Dionysius reports:
“So, it is right that the highest beings are consecrated to the first of the heavenly Hierarchies, since it has the highest rank, especially because the first Theophany and consecrations originally refer to it, as the closest to God, and heavenly Minds are called burning Thrones and an outpouring of wisdom, because that these names express their God-like properties... The name of the highest Thrones means that they are completely free from any earthly attachment and, constantly rising above the valley, peacefully strive for the heavenly, with all their forces, motionless and firmly attached to the truly Highest Being, accepting the Divine His suggestion is in utter dispassion and insubstantiality; also means that they wear God and slavishly carry out His divine commands.

4) Dominions - In Christian mythological representations, the fourth of the nine angelic ranks, together with the forces and authorities, forms the second triad. According to Pseudo-Dionysius, “the significant name of the holy Dominions ... means some not servile and free from any low attachment to the earthly exaltation to the heavenly, not in any way shaken by any violent attraction to dissimilar to them, but the dominion is constant in its freedom standing above any humiliating slavery, alien to any humiliation, removed from any inequality to itself, constantly striving for true Mastery and, as much as possible, holyly transforming both itself and everything subordinate to it into a perfect likeness to Him, not clinging to anything by chance existing, but always wholly turning to the truly existing and incessantly partaking of the sovereign God-likeness.

5) Forces - In Christian mythology, one of the nine angelic ranks. Together with dominations and powers, forces constitute the second triad. Pseudo-Dionysius says: “The name of the holy Powers means some powerful and irresistible courage, communicated to them as far as possible, reflected in all their God-like actions in order to remove from themselves everything that could reduce and weaken the Divine illuminations bestowed by them, strongly striving for imitation of God, not remaining idle from laziness, but steadfastly looking at the highest and all-strengthening Power and, as far as possible, according to its own forces, is made in Her image, completely turned to Her as the source of Forces and God-like descending to the lower forces to impart power to them.

6) Powers - In Christian mythological representations, angelic beings. According to the Gospels, the authorities can be both good forces and minions of evil. Among the nine angelic ranks, the authorities close the second triad, which, in addition to them, also includes dominions and powers. As Pseudo-Dionysius says, “the name of the holy Authorities signifies equal to the Divine Dominions and Forces, slender and capable of receiving Divine illuminations, the Chin and the device of the worldly spiritual dominion, which does not autocratically use the domineering powers bestowed for evil, but freely and decently to the Divine as ascending itself. who brings others holy to Him and, as much as possible, becomes like the Source and Giver of all power and depicts Him ... in a completely true use of his sovereign power.

7) Beginnings - In Christian mythology, one of the nine angelic ranks. The Bible says, “For I am sure that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor powers, nor things present, nor things to come... can separate us from the love of God in Jesus Christ our Lord (Rom. 8.38). By
classification of Pseudo-Dionysius. the beginnings are part of the third triad along with the archangels and the angels proper. Pseudo-Dionysius says:
The name of the heavenly Authorities means the God-like ability to rule and govern in accordance with the sacred order, befitting the commanding Forces, both to turn to the Beginning without Beginning, and others, as it is characteristic of the Authorities, to guide Him, to imprint in oneself, as far as possible, the image of the inaccurate Beginning, etc. finally, the ability to express His premier leadership in the well-being of the ruling Forces .., the Announcement rank of the Principalities, Archangels and Angels alternately rules over the human Hierarchies, so that in order there is an ascent and conversion to God, communion and unity with Him, which also from God graciously extends to all Hierarchies, is inspired through communication and pours out in the most sacred orderly order.

8) Archangels - The word is of Greek origin and is translated as “angel chiefs”, “senior angels”. The term "Archangels" appears for the first time in the Greek-language Jewish literature of the pre-Christian time (Greek edition of the "Book of Enoch" 20, 7) as a transfer of expressions like ("great prince") in the application to Michael of the Old Testament texts (Dan. 12, 1); then this term is taken up by New Testament authors (Jude 9; 1 Thess. 4:16) and later Christian literature. According to the Christian heavenly hierarchy, they rank directly above the angels. Religious tradition has seven archangels. Chief here Michael the Archangel(Greek "supreme commander") - the leader of the armies of angels and people in their universal battle with Satan. Michael's weapon is a flaming sword.
Archangel Gabriel best known for his participation in the Annunciation to the Virgin Mary about the birth of Jesus Christ. As a messenger of the innermost secrets of the world, he is depicted with a flowering branch, with a mirror (reflection is also a way of knowing), and sometimes with a candle inside the lamp - the same symbol of a hidden mystery.
Archangel Raphael is known as a heavenly healer and comforter of the afflicted.
Less frequently, four other archangels are mentioned.
Uriel is a heavenly fire, the patron of those who have devoted themselves to the sciences and arts.
Salafiel is the name of the supreme minister, with whom prayer inspiration is associated. On the icons he is painted in a prayerful pose, with his arms folded crosswise on his chest.
Archangel Yehudiel blesses the ascetics, protects them from the forces of evil. In his right hand he has a golden crown as a symbol of blessing, in his left - a scourge that drives away enemies.
Barahiel was assigned the role of a distributor of the highest blessings to ordinary workers, primarily farmers. He is depicted with pink flowers.
The Old Testament tradition also speaks of the seven heavenly archangels. Their ancient Iranian parallel - the seven good spirits of Amesha Spenta ("immortal saints") finds a correspondence with the mythology of the Vedas. This points to the Indo-European origins of the doctrine of the seven archangels, which in turn correlates with the most ancient ideas of people about the septenary structures of being, both divine and earthly.

9) Both Greek and Hebrew words expressing the concept of "angel" mean "messenger". Angels often performed this role in the texts of the Bible, but its authors often give this term another meaning. Angels are the incorporeal helpers of God. They appear as humans with wings and a halo of light around their heads. They are commonly mentioned in Jewish, Christian and Muslim religious texts. Angels have the appearance of a man, “only with wings and dressed in white clothes: God created them from stone”; angels and seraphim - women, cherubs - men or children)<Иваницкий, 1890>.
Good and evil angels, messengers of God or the devil, converge in the decisive battle described in the book of Revelation. Angels can be ordinary people, prophets, inspirers to good deeds, supernatural bearers of all kinds of messages or teachers, and even impersonal forces, like winds, cloud pillars or fire, which led the Israelites during their exodus from Egypt. Plague and pestilence are called evil angels. St. Paul calls his illness "the messenger of Satan." Many other phenomena, such as inspiration, sudden impulses, providences, are also attributed to angels.
Invisible and immortal. According to the teachings of the church, angels are sexless invisible spirits, immortal from the day of their creation. There are many angels, which follows from the Old Testament description of God - "the Lord of hosts." They form a hierarchy of angels and archangels of the entire host of heaven. The early church clearly divided nine types, or "ranks," of angels.
Angels served as mediators between God and his people. The Old Testament says that no one could see God and stay alive, so direct communication between the Almighty and a person is often portrayed as communication with an angel. It was the angel who prevented Abraham from sacrificing Isaac. Moses saw an angel in a burning bush, although the voice of God was heard. An angel led the Israelites during their exodus from Egypt. From time to time, biblical angels look just like mortals until their true nature is revealed, like the angels who came to Lot before the horrific destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah.
Unnamed spirits. Other angels are mentioned in Scripture, such as a spirit with a fiery sword that blocked Adam's path back to Eden; cherub and seraphim, depicted as thunderclouds and lightning, which recalls the faith of the ancient Jews in the god of thunder; the messenger of God, who miraculously rescued Peter from prison, in addition, the angels who appeared to Isaiah in his vision of the heavenly court: “I saw the Lord sitting on a throne high and exalted, and the edges of His robe filled the whole temple. Seraphim stood around Him; each of them has six wings; with two he covered his face, and with two he covered his feet, and with two he flew.
Hosts of angels appear several times on the pages of the Bible. Thus, a choir of angels announced the birth of Christ. Archangel Michael commanded numerous heavenly hosts in the battle against the forces of evil. The only angels in the Old and New Testaments that have their own names are Michael and Gabriel who brought the news of the birth of Jesus to Mary. Most of the angels refused to identify themselves, reflecting the popular belief that revealing a spirit's name would diminish its power.

In Christianity, the host of angels is divided into three classes, or hierarchies, and each hierarchy, in turn, is divided into three faces. Here is the most common classification of angelic faces, which is attributed to Dionysius the Areopagite:

The first hierarchy: seraphim, cherubim, thrones. The second hierarchy: dominions, forces, authorities. The third hierarchy: principles, archangels, angels.

seraphim those belonging to the first hierarchy are absorbed in eternal love for the Lord and reverence for Him. They directly surround His throne. Seraphim, as representatives of Divine Love, most often have red wings and sometimes hold lighted candles in their hands. Cherubim know God and worship Him. They are depicted as representatives of Divine Wisdom in golden yellow and blue tones. Sometimes they have books in their hands. Thrones uphold the throne of God and express Divine Justice. Often they are depicted in the robes of judges with a rod of power in their hands. It is believed that they receive glory directly from God and bestow it on the second hierarchy.

The second hierarchy consists of dominations, forces and authorities, which are the rulers of the heavenly bodies and the elements. They, in turn, shed on the third hierarchy the light of glory they have received. dominance they wear crowns, sceptres, and sometimes orbs as symbols of power. They symbolize the power of the Lord. Forces they hold in their hands white lilies or sometimes red roses, which are symbols of the Passion of the Lord. Authorities often dressed in the armor of warriors - the winners of evil forces.

Through the third hierarchy, contact is made with the created world and with man, for its representatives are the executors of the will of God. In relation to a person start rule the destinies of peoples, archangels are heavenly warriors, and angels- Messengers of God to man. In addition to the listed functions, the host of angels serves as a heavenly choir.

This plan of celestial arrangement served as the basis for the creation and theological substantiation of the structure of the celestial spheres as the basis of the medieval picture of the world. According to this plan, the cherubim and seraphim are responsible for the first push ( Primum mobile) and for the sphere of fixed stars, thrones - for the sphere of Saturn, domination - Jupiter, forces - Mars, authorities - the Sun, the beginning - Venus, archangels - Mercury, angels - the Moon, the celestial bodies closest to the Earth.

ARCHANGELS

archangel Michael (Who is like God, Who is equal to God). Leader of the heavenly host. The winner of Satan, holds in his left hand on his chest a green date branch, and in his right hand a spear, on top of which is a white banner with a red cross, in commemoration of the victory of the Cross over the Devil.

Archangel Gabriel (The Fortress of God or the Power of God). One of the highest angels, in the Old and New Testaments, appears as a bearer of joyful gospels. Depicted with candles and a jasper mirror as a sign that the ways of God are not clear until the time, but are comprehended through time by studying the word of God and obedience to the voice of conscience.

Archangel Raphael (Healing of God or Healing of God). The doctor of human ailments, the chief of the guardian angels, is depicted holding a vessel (alavastre) with medical agents (medicine) in his left hand, and a pod, that is, a clipped bird feather for anointing wounds, in his right hand.

Archangel Salafiel (Angel of Prayer, Prayer to God). A prayer book that always prays to God for people and arouses people to prayer. He is depicted with his face and eyes bowed (lowered) down, and his hands pressed (folded) in a cross on his chest, as if tenderly praying.

Archangel Uriel (Fire of God or Light of God). As an Angel of light, he enlightens the minds of people with the revelation of truths that are useful to them; as an Angel of Divine Fire, he inflames hearts with love for God and destroys in them impure earthly attachments. He is depicted holding a naked sword in his right hand against his chest, and a fiery flame in his left.

Archangel Yehudiel (Praise God, Praise God). The Archangel of God Yehudiel is depicted holding a golden crown in his right hand, as a reward from God for useful and pious labors to holy people, and in his left hand a scourge of three black ropes with three ends, as a punishment for sinners for laziness to pious labors

Archangel Varahiel (God's blessing). The Holy Archangel Barachiel, the distributor of God's blessings and intercessor, asking for God's good deeds to us: is depicted carrying white roses on his chest on his clothes, as if rewarding, at the command of God, for the prayers, labors and moral behavior of people.

In general, the life of any person determines the subtle world, having a huge influence on it. In ancient times, everyone knew that it was the subtle world that determined the physical plane. At the moment, few people remember this and want to think in this direction. And this is a very important aspect of life, because there are creatures that help us in life, and there are those who try to lead us astray and sometimes even destroy us.

To see all 9 ranks of angels, you should pay attention to the "Assumption" by Botticini. On it are three triads of angels. Before creating our world, visible and physical, God created heavenly, spiritual forces and called them angels. It was they who began to play an intermediary role between the Creator and people. The translation of this word from Hebrew literally sounds like “messenger”, from Greek - “messenger”.

Angels are called incorporeal beings who have a higher mind, free will and great power. According to information from the Old and New Testaments in the Angelic Hierarchy, there are certain angelic ranks, the so-called steps. Most Jewish and Christian theologians were engaged in the creation of a unified classification of these ranks. At the moment, the angelic hierarchy of Dionysius the Areopagite, which was created in the fifth century and called the "nine ranks of the Angels", has spread the most.

nine ranks

It follows from this system that there are three triads. The first, or higher, included the Seraphim and Cherubim, as well as the Thrones. The middle triad includes the angelic ranks of Domination, Strength and Power. And in the lowest caste of ranks are the Principles, Archangels and Angels.

seraphim

It is believed that the six-winged Seraphim are closest to God. It is the Seraphim that can be called those who occupy the highest angelic rank. It is written about them in the Bible that the prophet Isaiah became a witness of their arrival. He compared them with fiery figures, so the translation of this word from Hebrew means "Flaming".

Cherubim

It is this caste that follows the Seraphim in the angelic hierarchy. Their main purpose is to intercede for the human race and pray for souls before God. In addition, it is believed that they serve as a memory and are the guards of the Heavenly Book of Knowledge. The knowledge of the Cherubim extends to everything that a being created can know. In Hebrew, cherub means intercessor.

In their power are the mysteries of God and the depth of his wisdom. It is believed that this particular caste of angels is the most enlightened among all. It is their responsibility to discover in man the knowledge and vision of God. Seraphim and Cherubim, along with the third representatives of the first triad, interact with people.

Thrones

Their position before the seated God. They are called God-bearing, but not in the truest sense of the word, but because of the goodness within them and because they faithfully serve the Son of God. In addition, evolutionary information is hidden in them. Basically, it is they who perform God's justice, help earthly representatives of power to fairly judge their people.

According to the medieval mystic Jan van Ruysbroku, representatives of the higher triad under no circumstances interfere in human conflicts. But at the same time, they are next to people in moments of insight, love for God and knowledge of the world. It is believed that they are able to carry the highest love in the hearts of people.

dominance

The angelic ranks of the second triad begin with Dominions. The fifth rank of angels, Dominions, has free will, thanks to which the daily work of the Universe is ensured. In addition, they govern the angels who are lower in the hierarchy. Because they are completely free, their love for the Creator is impartial and sincere. It is they who give strength to earthly rulers and managers so that they act wisely and fairly, owning lands and ruling people. In addition, they are able to teach how to manage feelings, protecting from unnecessary outbursts of passion and lust, to enslave the flesh to the spirit, so that it is possible to control one's will and not succumb to temptations of various kinds.

Forces

This caste of angels is full of Divine strength, in their power is the fulfillment of the instantaneous will of God, showing his strength and strength. It is they who work the miracles of God and are able to give a person grace, with the help of which he can see what is coming or heal earthly diseases.

They are able to strengthen a person’s patience, remove his grief, strengthen his spirit and give courage so that he can cope with all life’s hardships and problems.

Authorities

It is the responsibility of the Authorities to keep the keys to the Devil's cage and contain his hierarchy. They are able to tame demons, repel an attack on the human race, deliver from demonic temptation. Also, their duties include approving good people for their spiritual exploits and labors, protecting them and preserving their right to the kingdom of God. It is they who help drive away all evil thoughts, passions and lust, as well as the enemies of a person are taken away and help to defeat the Devil in oneself. If we consider the personal level, then the mission of these angels is to help a person during the battle of good and evil. And when a person dies, they accompany his soul and help him not to go astray.

Beginnings

These include legions of angels whose purpose is to protect religion. Their name is such, due to the fact that they direct the lower angelic ranks, it is they who help them to do things pleasing to God. In addition, their mission is to rule the universe and protect everything that the Lord has created. According to some reports, every nation and every ruler has his own angel, called to protect him from evil. The prophet Daniel said that the angels of the Persian and Jewish kingdoms make sure that all the rulers who have been placed on the throne strive not for enrichment and glory, but for the spread and increase of the glory of God, so that they benefit their people, serving their needs.

Archangels

The archangel is a great evangelist. Its main mission is the discovery of prophecies, understanding and knowledge of the will of the Creator. They receive this knowledge from the higher ranks in order to convey it to the lower ones, who will subsequently convey it to people. According to St. Gregory the Dialogist, the purpose of angels is to strengthen faith in a person, to open its mysteries. Archangels, whose names can be found in the Bible, are the most known to man.

Angels

This is the lowest rank in the hierarchy of heaven and the closest being to people. They guide people on the path, help them in everyday life not to deviate from their path. Every believer has his own guardian angel. They support every virtuous person from falling, they try to raise everyone who has fallen spiritually, no matter how sinful he is. They are always ready to help a person, the main thing is that he himself wants this help.

It is believed that a person receives his Guardian Angel after the rite of Baptism. He is obliged to protect the subordinate from misfortunes, troubles and help him throughout his life. If a person is threatened by dark forces, you need to pray to the Guardian Angel, and he will help fight them. It is believed that depending on the mission of a person on earth, he may be associated not with one, but with several angels. Depending on how a person lives and how spiritually developed he is, not only lower ranks can work with him, but also Archangels, whose names most people know. It is worth remembering that Satan will not stop and will always tempt people, so the Angels will always be with them in difficult times. Only by living according to the laws of God and developing spiritually can one come to know all the mysteries of religion. In principle, this is all the information that relates to the ranks of Heaven.

The basis for the creation of the church doctrine about angels is the writtenin the 5th century, the book of Dionysius the Areopagite "On the Heavenly Hierarchy" (Greek "Περί της ουρανίας", Latin "De caelesti hierarchia"), better known in the edition of the VI century. The nine angelic ranks are divided into three triads, each of which has a particular feature.

First triad – seraphim, cherubim and thrones - characterized by close proximity to God;

Second triad – strength, domination and power - emphasizes the divine basis of the universe and world domination;

Third triad – beginnings, archangels and angels proper - characterized by close proximity to man.

Dionysius summarized what had been accumulated before him. Seraphim, cherubim, powers and angels are already mentioned in the Old Testament; dominions, principalities, thrones, powers, and archangels appear in the New Testament.

According to the classification of Gregory the Theologian (4th century)the angelic hierarchy consists of angels, archangels, thrones, dominions, principalities, forces, radiances, ascensions and understandings.

According to their position in the hierarchy, the ranks are arranged as follows:

seraphim - the first

cherubs - the second

thrones - third

domination - the fourth

strength - fifth

power - sixth

beginning - seventh

archangels - eighth

angels are the ninth.

Jewish hierarchical constructions differ from Christian ones, since they appeal only to the first part of the Bible - the Old Testament (Tanakh). One source lists ten ranks of angels, starting with the highest: 1. hayot; 2. ofanim; 3. arelim; 4. hashmalim; 5. seraphim; 6. malakim, actually "angels"; 7. elohim; 8. bene Elohim ("sons of God"); 9. cherubs; 10. ishim.

In "Maseket Azilut" ten angelic ranks are given in a different order:1. seraphim led by Shemuel or Yekhoel; 2. Opanim, led by Raphael and Ophaniel; 3. Cherubim, led by Cherubiel; 4. Shinanim, over whom Tzedekiel and Gabriel are placed; 5. tarshishim, whose chiefs are Tarshish and Sabriel; 6. we are with Cephaniel at the head; 7. Hashmalim, whose leader is called Hashmal; 8. malakim, led by Uzziel; 9. Bene Elohim, led by Hofniel; 10. Arelim, led by Michael himself.

The names of the elder angels (archangels) vary in different sources. Traditionally, the highest rank is attributed to Michael, Gabriel and Raphael - three angels named by name in biblical books; the fourth is usually added to them by Uriel, found in the non-canonical 3 Book of Ezra. There is a common notion that there are seven higher angels (associated with the magical properties of the number 7), attempts to list them by name have been made since the time of 1 Enoch, but there are too large discrepancies. We confine ourselves to listing the "magnificent seven" adopted in the Orthodox tradition: these are Gabriel, Raphael, Uriel, Salafiel, Yehudiel, Barachiel, Jeremiel, headed by the eighth - Michael.

Judaic tradition also assigns an extremely high position to the archangel Metatron, who in earthly life was the patriarch Enoch, but in heaven he turned into an angel. He is the vizier of the heavenly court and almost the deputy of God Himself.

1. Seraphim

Seraphim are angels of love, light and fire. They occupy the highest position in the hierarchy of ranks and serve God, taking care of his throne. Seraphim express their love for God by constantly singing laudatory psalms.

In Hebrew tradition, the endless singing of the seraphim is known as"trisagion" - Kadosh, Kadosh, Kadosh (“Holy, Holy, Holy Lord of the Powers of Heaven, the whole earth is full of his radiance”), which is considered a song of creation and celebration. Being the closest creatures to God, seraphim are also considered "fiery" because they are enveloped in the flames of eternal love.

According to the medieval mystic Jan van Ruysbrok, the three orders of seraphim, cherubs and thrones never take part in human conflicts, but are with us when we peacefully contemplate God and experience constant love in our hearts. They generate divine love in people.

St. John the Evangelist on the island of Patmos had a vision of angels: Gabriel, Metatron, Kemuel and Nathaniel among the seraphim.

Isaiah is the only prophet who mentions seraphim in the Hebrew Scriptures (Old Testament) when he talks about his vision of fiery angels over the Throne of the Lord: "Each had six wings: two covered the face, two covered the legs, and two were used for flight."

Another mention of the seraphim can be considered the book of Numbers (21:6), where a reference is made to "fiery serpents". According to the "Second Book of Enoch" (apocryphal), seraphim have six wings, four heads and faces.

Lucifer stepped out of the rank of seraphim. In fact, the Fallen Prince was considered an angel who overshadowed everyone else until he lost God's Grace.

seraphim – In Judaic and Christian mythologyangels, especially close to God.The prophet Isaiah describes them this way: “In the year of the death of King Uzziah, I saw the Lord sitting on a high throne, and the edges of His robe filled the whole temple. Seraphim stood around Him; each of them had six wings: with two each one covered his face, and with two he covered his feet, and with two he flew. And they called to each other and said: Holy, Holy, Holy is the Lord of hosts! The whole earth is full of His glory / ”(Is. 6. 1-3). According to the classification of Pseudo-Dionysius, together with the cherubim and the thrones, the seraphim belong to the first triad: “... the most holy Thrones, the many-eyed and many-winged Orders, called in the language of the Jews Cherubim and Seraphim, according to the explanation of Holy Scripture, are in the greater and most immediate before the others

closeness to God ... as for the name of the Seraphim, it clearly shows their unceasing and everlasting desire for the Divine, their ardor and speed, their ardent, constant, unrelenting and unswerving swiftness, also their ability to really elevate the lower to the heavenly, excite and inflame them to like heat: it also means ability, scorching and burning. thereby purify them – always open. their inextinguishable, constantly identical, light-like and enlightening power. banishing and uchichtozhayuschayu all obscuration.

2. Cherubim

Word "cherub" means "fullness of knowledge" or "outpouring of wisdom".This choir has the power to know and contemplate God and the ability to understand and communicate divine knowledge to others.

3. Thrones

Term "thrones", or "many-eyed", indicates their proximity to the throne of God.This is the rank closest to God: they receive both their divine perfection and consciousness directly from Him.

Pseudo-Dionysius reports:

“So, it is right that the highest beings are consecrated to the first of the heavenly Hierarchies, since it has the highest rank, especially because to it, as the closest to God, the first Theophany and consecrations originally belong, And they are called burning Thrones and an outpouring of wisdom.

heavenly Minds, because these names express their God-like properties ... The name of the highest Thrones means that they

completely free from any earthly attachment and, constantly rising above the valley, peacefully strive for the mountain, with all their might

immobile and firmly attached to the truly Highest being,

accepting His Divine suggestion in complete dispassion and immateriality; also means that they wear God and slavishly carry out His divine commands.

4. Dominions

The holy dominions are endowed with sufficient power to rise above and free from earthly desires and aspirations.Their duty is to distribute the duties of the angels.

According to Pseudo-Dionysius, “the significant name of the holy Dominions ... means some non-servile and free from any low attachment to the earthly exaltation to the heavenly, not in any way shaken by any violent attraction to dissimilar to them, but the dominion is constant in its freedom, standing higher any humiliating slavery, alien to any humiliation, removed from any inequality to itself, constantly striving for true Mastery and, as far as possible, holyly transforming both itself and everything subordinate to it into a perfect likeness to Him, not clinging to anything that accidentally exists, but always wholly turning to the true-existent and incessantly partaking of the sovereign God-likeness ”

5. Forces

The powers known as "brilliant or shining" are the angels of miracles, help, blessings that appear during battles in the name of faith.It is believed that David received the support of the Forces for the battle with Goliath.

The powers are also the angels from whom Abraham received his power when God told him to sacrifice his only son, Isaac. The main duties of these angels are to work miracles on Earth.

They are allowed to interfere with everything that concerns the physical laws on earth, but they are also responsible for enforcing these laws. By this rank, the fifth in the Hierarchy of Angels, humanity is given valor as well as mercy.

Pseudo-Dionysius says: “The name of the holy Powers means some powerful and irresistible courage, communicated to them as far as possible, reflected in all their God-like actions in order to remove from themselves everything that could reduce and weaken the Divine illuminations bestowed by them, strongly striving for imitation of God, not remaining idle from laziness, but steadfastly looking at the highest and all-strengthening Power and, as far as possible, according to its own forces, is made in Her image, completely turned to Her as the source of Forces and God-like descending to the lower forces to impart power to them.

6. Authorities

Powers are on the same level as dominions and powers, and are endowed with power and intelligence second only to God's. They provide balance to the universe.

According to the Gospels, the authorities can be both good forces and minions of evil. Among the nine angelic ranks, the authorities close the second triad, which, in addition to them, also includes dominions and powers. As Pseudo-Dionysius says, “the name of the holy Authorities signifies equal to the Divine Dominions and Forces, slender and capable of receiving Divine illuminations, the Chin and the device of a worldly spiritual dominion, which does not autocratically use the granted domineering powers for evil, but freely and decently to the Divine as itself ascending who brings others holy to Him and, as much as possible, becomes like the Source and Giver of all power and portrays Him ... in a completely true use of his sovereign power.

7. Beginnings

The beginnings are legions of angels protecting religion.They constitute the seventh choir in the hierarchy of Dionysius, following directly before the archangels. The beginnings give strength to the peoples of the Earth to find and experience their destiny.

It is also believed that they are the guardians of the peoples of the world. The choice of this term, as well as the term "authorities", to designate the ranks of the angels of God is somewhat doubtful, since c. In the Epistle to the Ephesians, “principalities and authorities” are called “spirits of wickedness in high places,” against whom Christians must fight (“Ephesians 6:12”).

Among those who are considered "chief" in this rank are Nisrok, an Assyrian deity who is considered by occult writings to be the main prince - a demon of hell, and Anael - one of the seven angels of creation.

The Bible says, “For I am sure that neither death nor life, neither angels nor

Beginnings, no Powers, no present, no future... can separate us

from the love of God in Jesus Christ our Lord (Rom. 8:38). By

classification of Pseudo-Dionysius. beginnings are part of the third triad

along with the archangels and the angels themselves. Pseudo-Dionysius says:

“The name of the heavenly Authorities means the God-like ability to rule and govern in accordance with the sacred order, befitting the commanding Forces, both to turn to the Beginning without Beginning, and others, as it is characteristic of the Authorities, to guide Him, imprint in oneself, as far as possible, the image of the inaccurate Beginning, etc. finally, the ability to express His premier leadership in the well-being of the ruling Forces .., the Announcement rank of the Principalities, Archangels and Angels alternately rules over the human Hierarchies, so that in order there is an ascent and conversion to God, communion and unity with Him, which also from God graciously extends to all Hierarchies, is inspired through communication and pours out in the most sacred harmonious order.

8. Archangels

Archangels - The word is of Greek origin and is translated as “angel chiefs”, “senior angels”.The term "Archangels" appears for the first time in the Greek-language Jewish literature of the pre-Christian time (Greek edition of the "Book of Enoch" 20, 7) as a transfer of expressions like ("great prince") in the application to Michael of the Old Testament texts (Dan. 12, 1); then this term is taken up by New Testament authors (Jude 9; 1 Thess. 4:16) and later Christian literature. According to the Christian heavenly hierarchy, they rank directly above the angels. Religious tradition has seven archangels. The chief here is Michael the Archangel (Greek, “supreme commander”) - the leader of the armies of angels and people in their universal battle with Satan. Michael's weapon is a flaming sword.

Archangel Gabriel - best known for his participation in the Annunciation to the Virgin Mary about the birth of Jesus Christ. As a messenger of the innermost secrets of the world, he is depicted with a flowering branch, with a mirror (reflection is also a way of knowing), and sometimes with a candle inside the lamp - the same symbol of a hidden mystery.

Archangel Raphael - known as a heavenly healer and comforter of the afflicted.

Less frequently, four other archangels are mentioned.

Uriel - this is a heavenly fire, the patron of those who have devoted themselves to the sciences and arts.

Salafiel - the name of the supreme minister, with whom prayer inspiration is associated. On the icons he is painted in a prayerful pose, with his arms folded crosswise on his chest.

Archangel Yehudiel - blesses the ascetics, protects them from the forces of evil. In his right hand he has a golden crown as a symbol of blessing, in his left - a scourge that drives away enemies.

Barahiel - the role of the distributor of the highest blessings was assigned to ordinary workers, especially farmers. He is depicted with pink flowers.

The Old Testament tradition also speaks of the seven heavenly archangels. Their ancient Iranian parallel is the seven good spirits of Amesha Spenta("immortal saints") finds a correspondence with the mythology of the Vedas.This points to the Indo-European origins of the doctrine of the seven archangels, which in turn correlates with the most ancient ideas of people about the septenary structures of being, both divine and earthly.

9. Angels

Both Greek and Hebrew words expressing the concept"angel" means "messenger". Angels often performed this role in the texts of the Bible, but its authors often give this term another meaning. Angels are the incorporeal helpers of God. They appear as humans with wings and a halo of light around their heads. They are commonly mentioned in Jewish, Christian and Muslim religious texts. Angels have the appearance of a man, “only with wings and dressed in white clothes: God created them from stone”; angels and seraphim - women, cherubs - men or children)<Иваницкий, 1890>.

Good and evil angels, messengers of God or the devil, converge in the decisive battle described in the book of Revelation. Angels can be ordinary people, prophets, inspirers to good deeds, supernatural bearers of all kinds of messages or teachers, and even impersonal forces, like winds, cloud pillars or fire, which led the Israelites during their exodus from Egypt. Plague and pestilence are called evil angels. St. Paul calls his illness "the messenger of Satan." Many other phenomena, such as inspiration, sudden impulses, providences, are also attributed to angels.

Invisible and immortal. According to the teachings of the church, angels are sexless invisible spirits, immortal from the day of their creation. There are many angels, which follows from the Old Testament description of God - "the Lord of hosts." They form a hierarchy of angels and archangels of the entire host of heaven. The early church clearly divided nine types, or "ranks," of angels.

Angels served as mediators between God and his people. The Old Testament says that no one could see God and stay alive, so direct communication between the Almighty and a person is often portrayed as communication with an angel. It was the angel who prevented Abraham from sacrificing Isaac. Moses saw an angel in a burning bush, although the voice of God was heard. An angel led the Israelites during their exodus from Egypt. From time to time, biblical angels look just like mortals until their true nature is revealed, like the angels who came to Lot before the horrific destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah.

Unnamed spirits. Other angels are mentioned in Scripture, such as a spirit with a fiery sword that blocked Adam's path back to Eden; cherub and seraphim, depicted as thunderclouds and lightning, which recalls the faith of the ancient Jews in the god of thunder; the messenger of God, who miraculously rescued Peter from prison, in addition, the angels who appeared to Isaiah in his vision of the heavenly court: “I saw the Lord sitting on a throne high and exalted, and the edges of His robe filled the whole temple. Seraphim stood around Him; each of them has six wings; with two he covered his face, and with two he covered his feet, and with two he flew.

Hosts of angels appear several times on the pages of the Bible. Thus, a choir of angels announced the birth of Christ. Archangel Michael commanded numerous heavenly hosts in the battle against the forces of evil. The only angels in the Old and New Testaments who have their own names are Michael and Gabriel, who brought the news of the birth of Jesus to Mary. Most of the angels refused to identify themselves, reflecting the popular belief that revealing a spirit's name would diminish its power.