Anapa, resort

	Anapa, resort	average price: 695 rubles.
	Treatment Rest on the sea	Available rooms

Russia is a country in two parts of the world, a state whose territory covers the sandy Baltic Spit and the rocky islands of Chukotka, stretches from the northern Arctic latitudes to the subtropics. Russia has unimaginable riches - cultural and historical heritage, protected forests and untouched expanses. Graceful streets of St. Petersburg and architectural monuments of Kaliningrad compete with the architecture of ancient cities - multi-domed churches and merchant houses, and the beaches of the Black Sea coast compete with the northern forests of Karelia and the ridges of the Ural Mountains.

Geography

Russia is the largest country in terms of area on our planet, occupying 17.1 million square kilometers. The state is located in Eurasia and covers both parts of the continent. About a third of the territory of Russia is located in Eastern Europe, and the rest of it belongs to the north of Asia. The Russian shores are washed by the waters of 12 seas belonging to the basins of the Arctic, Atlantic and Pacific oceans, the waters of the inland Caspian Sea.

Russia lies on large platforms, so its relief is predominantly flat. In the west of the country, the undulating Central Russian Plain stretched, separated by a ridge of the Ural Mountains from the Siberian Plateau. In the south of Russia are the mountain systems of the Caucasus with the highest point of the country - Mount Elbrus, Sayan Mountains and Altai. In the Far East, the peaks of extinct and active volcanoes rush up.

There are about 2.5 million rivers and 3 million lakes in Russia. Most of the rivers have a flat character, but in Russia there are also turbulent mountain rivers with rocky rapids channels. The largest rivers of the country are the Ob, Lena, Irtysh, Yenisei and Volga. The lake region of Russia is Karelia, here are the largest lakes in Europe - Ladoga and Onega, in Eastern Siberia there is the deepest lake on the planet - Baikal.

The flora of Russia is the velvet of mosses and lichens in the taiga tundra, coniferous forests surrounding the glacial lakes of Karelia, oak forests and birch groves, feather grass and fescue steppes, broad-leaved Far Eastern forests, subtropical flora on the Black Sea coast. Nature protection zones have been created in Russia, there are 42 national parks, 71 reserves.

Climate

The territory of Russia covers several climatic zones: arctic and subarctic on the shores of the Arctic Ocean and in the northern regions, temperate, subtropical on the Black Sea coast. However, most of the country is characterized by a climate of temperate latitudes: continental, temperate continental, sharply continental and monsoonal in the Far East.

In general, Russia has a long, snowy and cold winter. Depending on the region, average January temperatures range from 6 to -50 °C. Summer in most of Russia is moderately warm with an average temperature of 1 °C in the northern regions to 25 °C on the Black Sea coast.

Time

The territory of Russia covers 11 time zones:

Kaliningrad time - MSK−1 (UTC+2)
Moscow time - MSK (UTC+3)
Samara time - MSK+1 (UTC+4)
Ekaterinburg time - MSK+2 (UTC+5)
Omsk time - MSK+3 (UTC+6)
Krasnoyarsk time - MSK+4 (UTC+7)
Irkutsk time - MSK+5 (UTC+8)
Yakut time - MSK+6 (UTC+9)
Vladivostok time - MSK+7 (UTC+10)
Middle Kolyma time - MSK+8 (UTC+11)
Kamchatka time - MSK+9 (UTC+12)

Language

Official language of Russia: Russian. The subjects of the Russian Federation have the right to establish state and official languages ​​used on a par with Russian. The most common foreign languages ​​in Russia are Ukrainian, Belarusian and German. English is widely used in business and tourism, as a means of international communication, mainly in large cities.

Population

The population of Russia is 142 million people. About 80% of the population are Russians. In total, representatives of more than 200 nationalities and nationalities live in the country.

Currency

Official currency: ruble (RUB).

Customs regulations

Undeclared import and export of currency is limited to an amount equivalent to 10,000 USD. Duty-free import of goods for personal consumption is limited - alcohol and cigarettes: liters of alcohol, up to 50 cigars or cigarillos, or 200 cigarettes, or 250 grams of tobacco, as well as goods and things for personal use: clothing, toiletries, jewelry, photographic and film equipment .

Jewelry, artistic and cultural values, works of art, psychotropic and potent medicinal substances, ammunition and weapons are subject to mandatory declaration.

Connection

In Russia, cellular communication services are provided by more than a hundred operators, the largest of them is the so-called "big three" - mobile operators MTS, Megafon and Beeline. The rest of the companies have a much smaller number of customers and provide services in certain regions. SIM cards of the "Big Three" operators can be purchased everywhere - in stores, mobile phone stores, post offices.

The telephone code of Russia is +7.

To call Russia by mobile phone, dial +7-subscriber's number***

Mains voltage

Mains voltage 220 volts.

Tourism

In Russia there are opportunities for any kind of tourism. The rich historical heritage served as the basis for the creation of sightseeing routes and educational tours, the long Black Sea coast is a traditional region for beach and outdoor activities, ski resorts in Russia are rapidly developing. One of the main types of tourism in the country is health tourism. For centuries, a system of resort treatment has been developing in Russia - sanatoriums and spa hotels operate at the sources of mineral waters, therapeutic mud, in places with a favorable climate.

Traditions/Features. In Russia, many customs and traditions dating back to the depths of centuries have been preserved. Every spring in large cities and very small towns they see off the winter on a grand scale - they bake pancakes and burn a straw effigy of Shrovetide, in the summer they celebrate Ivan Kupala Day in the villages, but the main winter holiday is the New Year.

One of the main features of the Russian people was and remains hospitality, which is most evident in the feast. The traditional Russian meal includes first, second and third courses - soups and stews, baked poultry or meat, all kinds of pastries - pies and pies. Dishes of national cuisine in all their richness are presented in restaurants. Daily cabbage soup, roasts, sbitni and tinctures are served in the best establishments.

Safety

The safety of tourists in Russia is ensured by the forces of law and order. Since June 2014, tourist police units have begun to work in a number of regions, patrolling busy pedestrian streets, squares and parks.

In general, Russia is a safe country for tourists. However, in order to prevent unpleasant incidents, one should adhere to standard safety rules - do not leave personal belongings unattended, do not carry a wallet in the back pocket of your trousers or an easily accessible place, beware of deserted and unlit places at night, do not use the services of unofficial taxi drivers, do not exchange currency with individuals.

The documents

The list of documents required during the vacation includes:

• Russian passport
• travel package or voucher
• health insurance policy
• if you plan to rent a car, you must have a driver's license

If a tourist will have a rest in a sanatorium-resort institution with medical procedures, then a sanatorium-resort book is needed, which can be obtained from a general practitioner.

Children accompanied by adults must have a birth certificate or passport, medical policy.

Important Phones

Emergency phone numbers in Russia:

• Fire Service - 01
• Police - 02
• Ambulance - 03
• Unified 24/7 helpline when calling from a mobile phone - 112

Tourism

The choice of tourist destinations in Russia is wider than anywhere else. Features of the geographical position and historical development allowed the formation of resort regions in the country, which are characterized by one or another type of recreation.

beach holiday. In Russia, there are many resorts offering a comfortable stay on the sea coast. The traditional region of beach tourism in our country is the Krasnodar Territory. It is here that the summer capital of Russia - Sochi, the famous resorts of Anapa, Gelendzhik, Tuapse, Adler, the resort of Yeysk, located on the coast of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov, is located.

Beach holidays are offered by Crimean resorts. Sanatoriums, resort hotels, private and city beaches stretch along the entire coast of the peninsula. The main destinations are Alushta, Evpatoria, Kerch, Koktebel, Saki, Sevastopol, Sudak, Feodosia, Yalta, Kurortnoe, Nikolaevka, Peschanoe and Shchelkino settlements.

Sanatorium treatment carried out in almost all regions of Russia. There are sanatoriums, resort and medical centers at the sources of mineral waters, therapeutic mud, in places with favorable climatic conditions. The most famous balneological resorts of the country are Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk, Kislovodsk and Pyatigorsk.

Rich traditions in the use of natural factors have been formed in the Crimea, especially in Saki and Yevpatoria, where the first mud treatment resorts were launched. Sanatorium treatment is carried out on the coast of the Krasnodar Territory, in the Moscow, Ryazan, Kostroma, Ivanovo, Tver and Tula regions, in the Urals. In the northern and northwestern regions of the country there are medical resorts Marcial Waters, Sestroretsk, Svetlogorsk and Zelenogradsk, the largest resort in Siberia is Belokurikha.

Excursion tours in Moscow, the Golden Ring of Russia, Pskov, Uglich, Veliky Novgorod, Vologda and Nizhny Novgorod allow travelers to get acquainted with the historical heritage of ancient Russian cities - ancient temples with gilded domes, ancient fortresses and castles, city mansions and merchant houses. Dozens of excursion routes run through the territory of Kazan, St. Petersburg and its environs - Peterhof, Lomonosov and Kronstadt. Cognitive tourism in the Crimea involves visiting royal palaces, nature reserves and cave cities.

Ski tourism in Russia is experiencing a rapid rise. There are large mountain systems and modern ski resorts on the territory of the country. In the Krasnodar Territory, on the slopes of the Main Caucasian Range, the Krasnaya Polyana resort is located. The level of service and the modern infrastructure of Krasnaya Polyana during the days of the Winter Olympic Games were appreciated by tourists and athletes from all over the world. The resort has the most modern equipment, slopes of various levels with a total length of 72 km, ski villages with comfortable hotels.

Among the high-mountain resorts of Russia, ski holidays are offered by the Dombay and Elbrus complexes, Abzakovo-Bannoye in the Urals. Each of the resorts has the necessary infrastructure, comfortable accommodation conditions.

Weekend tours. The most popular weekend destinations are the cities of the Moscow region, the suburbs of large cities in different regions of the country. Short stay programs are offered by tourist bases, sanatoriums, spa hotels and hotels.

Children's rest. Traditionally, summer health camps for children are located on the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory - in Anapa, Gelendzhik, Tuapse and Sochi, in the Crimea - in the resorts of Evpatoria and Yalta, in the village of Peschanoe. Children's sanatoriums and camps are available in different regions of the country - Moscow, Kaluga, Leningrad and Rostov regions.

Leisure. There are many places in Russia where you can indulge in sports and active pastime, extreme tourism. Baikal attracts not only with its natural beauties, but also with the possibility of hiking, scuba diving, hunting and fishing, quad biking, cycling and horse riding.

In the warm season, trekking, horseback riding, and rafting are organized for tourists at the resorts of Gorny Altai, Dombay and Krasnaya Polyana. In Crimea, there are opportunities for mountaineering and hang gliding, climbing mountains, trekking, horseback riding, diving, sea fishing. Active recreational activities in the north are sleigh rides, dog or reindeer sledding. Conditions for active pursuits - hunting, fishing, hiking, cycling and horse riding are available in Central Russia.

Visa

To visit the Russian Federation, citizens of most countries require a national visa. Visa-free entry for a period not exceeding 90 days is allowed for citizens of the CIS countries (except Turkmenistan), Abkhazia and South Ossetia, a number of countries in South America, a number of Balkan countries.

The basis for obtaining a Russian visa for foreign tourists is an invitation from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation or from a travel company that is included in the Federal Register of Tour Operators, which gives it the right to provide visa support to foreigners.

The most famous sights

• The Moscow Kremlin is the oldest territory of the capital, with an area of ​​27.5 hectares. In 1367 The Kremlin was surrounded by a brick wall. On the territory there are - Arkhangelsk, Blagoveshchensky, Assumption Cathedrals, the Faceted Chamber, the Senate, the Terem Palace, the Tsar Bell, the Tsar Cannon.
• The Tretyakov Gallery was founded in 1856. This is the largest museum in the world, which contains unique paintings by masters of the 10th-20th centuries.

• The Hermitage is the largest museum in the world, founded by Catherine the Great in the 18th century. The museum exhibits canvases by world-famous artists. In total, more than 3 million valuables are exhibited on the territory of the museum.
• St. Isaac's Cathedral was built in the 19th century by O. Montferrand - an outstanding monument of St. Petersburg. Its external architecture and interior decoration are impressive, in which all kinds of art are represented - mosaic, painting, sculpture. The main iconostasis is decorated with lapis lazuli and malachite columns.
• Tsarskoye Selo is a reserve in Pushkino, includes a large park and architectural ensemble of the 18-19 centuries, a country residence of emperors. The museum is located on 107 hectares, consists of the Catherine's Park, the Old Garden, the English Park, the Catherine's Palace, the Memorial Museum, the Hermitage Pavilion, etc.
• Peter and Paul Fortress - located on Zayachy Island, the oldest monument in St. Petersburg. Within the museum there is the Commandant's house, the museum of the city, the Grand Duke's burial vault, the Botanical House, the Engineering House, prison buildings, bastions, the Peter and Paul Cathedral.
• The Russian Museum was opened in 1895 by Nicholas II. Within the walls of the building there is a rich exposition of artistic values, a restoration center.
• The Yusupov Palace is the most beautiful architectural monument of the 18-19th century. The guests of the palace were the Queen of England Elizabeth II, the King of Greece, the Queen of Norway and other dignitaries. The building was built by I. Monighetti, J. B. Valen-Delamonte, the Shuvalovs, Branitskys, Yusupovs lived in it.
• The palace and park ensemble of Peterhof is a beautiful monument located not far from St. Petersburg, founded in the 18th century. On the territory there are the Lower, Upper parks, the Grand Palace, the largest system of fountains, water cascades, elegant sculptural compositions, bas-reliefs.

• Pshad waterfall is a unique natural structure. Located on the river Pshada and consists of a whole cascade of small waterfalls.
• The ruins of the old city of Gorgypia show the ancient ruins of the 4th century BC. Ancient foundations and cobbled streets have been preserved here. On the territory there is a large archaeological museum, where you can see the crypt of Hercules, the monuments of Mother Mary, the "Russian Gate" - the remains of a Turkish fortress.
• The local history museum of the city is located in the Shchetnev gymnasium. Visitors are offered an interesting exposition about the fauna, flora of Anapa, the history of the Bosporan kingdom.

• The Arboretum is the largest botanical park, a kind of open-air museum. The park presents unique samples of the flora of the Western Caucasus, as well as many southern states located closer to the equator.
• The Vorontsov caves are the largest underground agglomeration with a height difference of 240m. Some cavities are filled with water, and narrow passages sometimes make it difficult to move. In some compartments of the caves there are ancient sites of primitive people.
• The Sochi Art Museum is a major art center. The building exhibits paintings by Polenov, Aivazovsky, Shishkin, exhibitions of contemporary masters are regularly held.

• The Swallow's Nest is a well-known monument of history and architecture, located on the Aurora Rock, which rises 40 meters above the sea. The building is made in the style of a medieval knight's palace. The current appearance of the palace was acquired thanks to Baron Steingel.
• The Vorontsov Palace is located in Alupka, built from diabase, there is a beautiful park on the adjacent territory. The style of the palace combines English, neo-Mauritanian styles.
• Livadia Palace is the imperial residence. The castle was built in the Italian light style in the 19th century. Considered the most luxurious palace in Crimea, it is the venue for the Yalta Conference.
• Mount Ai-Petri is located on a plateau, has a flat top. The height is 1234 m. The mountain is considered a symbol of the southern coast of Crimea.
• Nikitsky Botanical Garden is a research institution working in the field of botany and fruit growing. There are several parks here - Montedor, Primorsky, Upper, which contain the richest collection of plants brought from all over the world. This is the oldest botanical park in the world, which has interesting architectural structures.
• Masandra Palace is a beautiful architectural structure that served as the residence of Alexander the Third. The building was rebuilt in the 19th century in the style of French medieval deputies. On the adjacent territory there is a magnificent park, which presents more than 250 species of shrubs and trees.
• Domik A.P. Chekhov - a memorial museum opened in honor of the writer in Yalta. The whole atmosphere of those times has been preserved in the house, Chekhov readings are often held in it with the participation of foreign guests, and excursions are held.

Gurzuf

• Richelieu House - erected in 1811 by the Duke of Reselieu in the form of a two-story stone building in European style. The duke rarely came here on vacation, and more often provided the estate to acquaintances. Pushkin, Raevsky and other notorious personalities were here.
• Korovin's dacha is the home of an outstanding painter who worked for a long time in Gurzuf. A beautiful building with clear geometric proportions in the style of constructivism.
• The watchtower is located on Cape Suuk-Su, it existed in the 6th century, when Byzantine legionnaires came to the land. The monument is often called the Geria Tower or the Eagle's Nest.

• Admiralty Cathedral in honor of St. Vladimir is located on the Central Hill, is considered the greatest Orthodox monument of the 19th century. The building has one massive dome, emphasizing the Byzantine architecture of the 9th-11th centuries. Instead of icons, marble slabs are placed in the inner halls.
• Malakhov Kurgan is a grandiose monument, where the Defensive Tower of the 19th century is located, the Museum of Heroic Defense and the Liberation of the City, memorial iron plates, cannons, a beautiful park.
• Chersonese is the oldest monument of Sevastopol, the ruins of an ancient Greek town of the ancient era, in which Vladimir of Kyiv converted to Christianity.
• The Military History Museum in honor of the Black Sea Fleet is considered the oldest of the similar museums in the world. Opened in 1869, located in a beautiful building, it is a valuable exposition dedicated to the customs and life of the Russian fleet from the tsarist era to the present day.
• The Genoese fortress with the interesting name Cembalo is located at a height above Balaklava Bay. Founded in 1357, it has defensive walls.

• Mangup is a cave city of the medieval Crimea. Numerous caves have been preserved here, carved into the rock throughout the entire perimeter of the plateau.
• The Temple of the Three Horsemen is carved in a huge boulder. In the inner hall there is a fresco painting preserved from antiquity.
• The Bakhchisaray Palace is a beautiful architectural structure that was previously the residence of the Crimean khans. The building is considered the only surviving monument of Crimean Tatar architecture. The Palace houses a museum of culture and history, an exhibition of weapons.

• Arboretum is a unique nature reserve located on rocky-clay soil. Here is the richest collection of plants, shrubs, many of which are rare on the planet.
• Saki Resort Park was founded in 1890 by Melnichenko P.S. On the territory there are beautiful fountains, three lakes, diverse vegetation.
• The settlement Belyaus was discovered in the 20th century, it existed in the 4th-2nd century BC. BC. The monument is located on the Tarkhankun Peninsula.
• The excavations of Kerkinida were opened in 1964, they prove the existence of a modern city of Greek colonists on the site. 30 burials were found on the territory.
• Kizary - the oldest underground passages located under the old city. The tunnels carved into the yellow shell rock are considered an important value of Evpatoria.

• The Genoese fortress is the oldest monument of the city with beautiful strict medieval architecture. Today here you can see the Watch Tower, the mosque, the residence of the Genoese consul, the gates of the fortress.
• Church of the Intercession Ave. The Mother of God is the first architectural monument of the Russian era, which began after the annexation of Crimea. The building was built in the style of Russian classicism;

New World

• The Golitsyn trail starts at the green bay on the northern side of Khoba-Kai and leads to a natural grotto formed by sea waves in massive rocks.
• Chaliapin's Grotto is a small concert hall with excellent acoustics. The grotto reaches a height of 30 meters, in its depth there is a stage for musicians, and behind it is a small compartment for Golitsyn wines with preserved stone arches.

Suzdal

• The Kremlin is the oldest part of the city. On the territory there are the Nativity Cathedral, the Bell Tower, Nikolskaya, Assumption Churches, Bishops' Chambers. In the 11th century, the Kremlin was surrounded by an earthen rampart trimmed with clay.
• The Museum of Architecture is located on the site of the Dmitrievsky Monastery of the 11th century. The museum collection includes outbuildings, household items of Russian peasants.

• The horse yard is located in an 18th century building in the city center. The exposition consists of handicrafts - embroideries, carvings, wood painting, clothing.
• The Chernigov Skete is a cave monastery that arose in 1844. Today it is a functioning complex, where you can go on excursions in the caves.
• Sergiev Posad Lavra is the largest monastery founded by S. Radonezhsky in 1337. A place revered by the Orthodox, a spiritual center with a rich library of old books.

• Detinets or the Kremlin was founded by Yaroslavl. The first mentions in 1044 in chronicles. The highest tower of Detinets Kokuy, built in the 18th century.
• Hagia Sophia is a grandiose building of the century. The cathedral was built by Yaroslav the Wise as a temple for the whole city. The great bishops, princes, posadniks of the city found peace in its galleries.

• The Assumption Cathedral is the most important church in the city, included in all excursions around Vladimir. The cathedral was founded in the 12th century by Andrey Bogolyubsky to later become the main temple of the state.
• The Golden Gate was built in the 12th century. The building has a rich decoration, and was previously used for ceremonial entrances to the city.
• Vladimir Central is a well-known prison built by order of Catherine II. At one time, Frunze, Powers, Zoya Fedorova were kept in it. Since 1996 it has been a museum open to the public.

• Museum of the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery Complex. The architectural ensemble was built in the 12th century and is considered the largest of its kind. In the 16th century, the state treasury was located here, in 1612 the Headquarters of Pozharsky and Minin were located in the monastery.
• The Church of Prok Elijah was founded in the 17th century on the site of wooden churches at the expense of the merchants Skripins. The building is decorated with five green onion domes, covered galleries, a bell tower, Rizpolozhensky limit.

Uglich

• The Kremlin was founded in the 15th century by Andrei Bolshoi. The construction was surrounded by a high wall with two driveways and nine blind defensive towers. Today here you can see the chambers that belonged to Tsarevich Dmitry.
• The Church of Demetrius on the Blood was built in 1692 on the site where the prince died. The building is painted with red paint, the domes are blue with white ornaments, and there are rich murals of the 18th century in the interior.

Pereslavl-Zalessky

• Goritsky Monastery is a large architectural and historical museum. The exposition consists of furniture, church utensils, a collection of ancient icons, paintings by Shishkin, Benois, a valuable library of old books and a collection of wooden sculptures.
• Museum "Boat of Peter the Great" - the oldest building. The museum is notable for the fact that here on Lake Pleshcheyevo Peter the Great built a funny flotilla. Today you can see the monument to the king, the Boat House, the gatehouse, the Triumphal Gate, the White Palace.

Rostov

• The Borisoglebsky monastery complex was built on a hill surrounded by the riverbed of the Ustye in 1363 under the reign of Dmitry Donskoy with the blessing of S. Radonezhsky. It was he who indicated the place where the temple should stand.
• The Kremlin is the main attraction of the city with the Assumption Cathedral, five temples, powerful walls. Previously, the Kremlin was the episcopal residence.

Kostroma

• The Ipatiev Monastery is the greatest monument of Orthodox culture, built in the 13th century. At the construction site, Mikhail Romanov was elected to reign, so he is often called the cradle of the Romanov family.
• The fire tower is the most beautiful monument of Russian classicism, located on Susaninskaya Square. The building has the appearance of a temple of ancient times, complemented by a portico of columns and a pediment.

• The Vvedensky monastery complex was founded in the 19th century at the expense of Derbenev according to the original project of Begen P. Patriarch Tikhon served in the temple. In its halls are the relics of Blessed Alexy Elnatsky, St. Vasily Kineshma and 168 other saints.
• Bubnov Museum. The house was erected in 1860 for a merchant family and is located on the site of a city estate. The building has survived to this day and is open for tours.

• Lermontov's places are Pyatigorsk Boulevard, Lermontov's baths, Lermontov's House, Elizavetinskiy spring in Pyatigorsk, Mount-Koltso and other places connected with the poet's life in the Caucasus.
• The Castle of Treachery and Love is located in Kislovodsk - a natural monument of rocks, in the outlines of which mournful faces are guessed. The castle is located at the gorge of the river. Alikonovka.

• The Wrangel Tower is a grandiose historical building, the thickness of the walls and ceilings of which is three meters. In the 20th century, the building was no longer used as a fortification, today there are warehouses and wholesale stores.
• The Brandenburg Gate is a beautiful historical monument and the only gate of the city, which is still used for its intended purpose. The building was erected in 1657.
• The Cathedral is a beautiful architectural monument, a symbol of the city. It was built in the Baltic Gothic style and is one of the rare examples of the Gothic style in Russia.

• The Buryat village is located in Olkhon. This is a colorful open-air museum, visiting which you can get acquainted with the life and culture of the Buryats.
• Pillars of Huuhein-Khad is a particularly sacred place located in the Shumak valley. According to legend, you can see your future here.
• Ivolginsky datsan is an important monument of Buddhists. The incorrupt body of Khambo Lama Itigelov, who passed into nirvana in 1927, rests in a beautiful, colorful temple.

• The Valley of Geysers is the largest natural monument discovered in the 20th century. There are 22 geysers and numerous pulsating springs, mud pots, colored lakes with bubbling water.
• The Klyuchevskiy group of volcanoes united 12 volcanoes located on an area of ​​7,000 m². Here is the largest and highest volcano of the mainland, Klyuchevskaya Sopka.

Transport component

The transport system of Russia includes air, rail, sea and road communications.

Air transport. There are 236 airports in Russia, more than 70 of them have international status. The largest airports in the country are Domodedovo, Sheremetyevo and Vnukovo in Moscow, Pulkovo Airport in St. Petersburg, Koltsovo in Yekaterinburg and Adler in Sochi. Moscow airports are connected with the capital by high-speed aeroexpress trains. Russian air carriers carry out domestic and international flights.

Russian railways serve over 124,000 km of tracks. In large cities there are passenger stations, in small settlements - railway stations. Long-distance trains run between cities, and suburban electric trains also operate. A railway line of the Trans-Siberian Railway runs through the whole country, connecting Moscow and Vladivostok. You can get acquainted with the schedule of long-distance trains and suburban electric trains, you can buy a ticket on the Russian Railways website http://pass.rzd.ru

The total length of Russian highways is 1,000,000 km.

Sea transport Intercity and international passenger transportation is carried out. Marine stations operate in Sochi, St. Petersburg, Murmansk and Nakhodka.

Navigation is carried out along rivers and canals. The length of the river routes is 200,000 km.

Underground available in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Samara, Yekaterinburg and Novosibirsk. In each of the above cities, the metro has its own characteristics - for example, the capital has the most developed metro network, and the Novosibirsk metro has only 12 stations.

Ground transport in Russian cities- These are buses, trolleybuses, tram lines and fixed-route taxis. The most convenient and affordable way to move around the cities is by buses and minibuses. In each relatively large city there are bus stations or bus stations connected by direct flights with regional centers.

Taxi and car rental. Official and unofficial taxi drivers work in Russian cities, it is not recommended to use the services of the latter due to the high risk of being deceived or paying at an inflated rate. The dispatch desks of official taxi companies are usually located in the arrivals halls of airports, near railway stations and bus stations.

If you have a driver's license and at least a year of driving experience, you can rent a car. This service is offered by both large international companies Sixt, AVIS and Europcar, as well as small private companies. In most companies, the rental service with a return in another city is limited to a small number of settlements, or is not provided at all.

* payment in rubles at the rate of the Central Bank (+ 2%) on the day of booking

Information on the conclusion and termination of the insurance contract, the amount of insurance obligations, the actions of the parties in the event of an insured event, the procedure for paying insurance compensation and other necessary information for the insured tourist are specified in the insurance rules.

New technologies for the treatment of hearing pathology on the basis of the department

"Surdocenter" CJSC sanatorium "Druzhba - Gelendzhik - Kurortservis".

Conventional medicine classifies sensorineural hearing loss as an incurable disease that condemns people to progressive hearing loss and eventually deafness. Department "Surdocenter" of the sanatorium "Druzhba" is specialized for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ENT organs and the organ of hearing. Qualified audiologists monitor domestic and foreign experience in the treatment of this pathology, study it, and implement it into the practice of treatment at the Gelendzhik resort. Thus, in 2000, a unique treatment method was introduced, developed at the Laboratory for the Restoration of Functions of Sensory Systems of the Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In patients, not only the progression of diseases stops, but, in the vast majority of cases, an improvement is observed. The beginning was laid 30 years ago, when the Russian academician Natalya Petrovna Bekhtereva began using the implantation of electrodes into the deep structures of the brain for their electrical stimulation in order to activate damaged areas in such serious diseases as epilepsy and parkinsonism. At some stage, during open brain surgery, this method was also used to treat patients with damage to the auditory nerve. The positive effect was encouraging, but open-brain operations are lengthy, labor-intensive and not always indicated for the patient. Scientific research has simplified and brought closer to real life the method of influencing the brain as a means of restoring hearing. A non-traumatic method of transcutaneous behind-the-ear electrical stimulation of affected auditory nerves has been proposed. Its advantages are atraumaticity - refusal of osteoplastic surgery, ease of use and high efficiency. By studying the patterns of brain recovery processes, scientists have developed optimal modes of electrical stimulation, as close as possible to the natural processes of information transmission in the auditory nerves and brain structures. This allows you to adequately act on nerve cells (neurons) that have not died, but have lost their function under the influence of the disease. In addition to targeting the neutron chain, electrical stimulation improves metabolism and increases blood flow. Experience has shown that good results (in 60 - 80% depending on the neglect of the disease, its origin) are achieved in patients suffering from degeneration of the auditory nerve of various origins.

The method is effective for sensorineural hearing loss caused by:

Pathology of pregnancy and childbirth, leading to hypoxia or brain injury of the child (toxicoses, threatened miscarriage, illness of the mother during pregnancy, birth trauma), diseases of the early postpartum period,

Neuroinfections (meningitis, meningoencephalitis, influenza) and other infectious diseases, the use of ototoxic antibiotics (streptomycin, gentamicin, monomycin, kanamycin) and other drugs in the treatment of various diseases (narcotic substances, trichopol),

craniocerebral or barotrauma,

Vascular diseases of the brain (hypertension, cerebral atherosclerosis, vertebrobasilar insufficiency),

hereditary factors,

Occupational hazards (exposure to noise, vibration, etc.).

The treatment is carried out using the unique apparatus "Chakra-2", developed by the Scientific and Production Enterprise "Chakra" (Taganrog), under strict neurophysiological control (EEG, REG, clinical audiological examination before, during, and after treatment). Modes of exposure are selected individually for each patient. Treatment is carried out in courses of 10-15 procedures daily 2 times a year.

Sensorineural hearing loss (sensoneural hearing loss, cochlear neuritis) is a form of hearing loss in which any of the areas of the sound-perceiving section of the auditory analyzer is affected.

If sensorineural hearing loss has developed against the background of an infectious disease, then, of course, it is treated first of all, and in order to reduce the effect of viral and bacterial toxins on the auditory nerve, they use: vitamins (primarily ascorbic acid), drinking plenty of water to remove toxins from the body , complete nutrition.

Toxic neuritis associated with the action of harmful substances is treated comprehensively. Special antidotes are used - substances that bind and remove the toxin from the body. Drugs are used that eliminate the symptoms of a particular poisoning. As an additional treatment, physiotherapy, balneotherapy, mineral baths, mud therapy, stay in sanatoriums are used.

In traumatic neuritis, the consequences of a skull injury are primarily treated.
If neuritis is caused by harmful working conditions (increased noise or vibration), then first of all a person must change his place of work. In addition, he is prescribed vitamins, biostimulants (adaptogens) and biologically active substances (they increase the resistance of the auditory nerve to harmful effects). Apply physiotherapy, acupuncture, balneotherapy.

Such a patient should be registered with an audiologist and undergo treatment courses 1-2 times a year. If occupational hazards lead to complete hearing loss, then hearing aids are performed.

To date, there is a wide possibility of using various resort therapeutic factors in otolaryngology, the leading of which are climate, therapeutic mineral waters and therapeutic mud.

Climatotherapy of patients with diseases of the organ of hearing is carried out at all resorts, but mainly at seaside climatic resorts, which are characterized by even, warm, humid air and uniform temperature with slight daily fluctuations. Here the climate is rich in solar radiation, both direct and scattered and reflected from the sea surface. Patients are prescribed aero-helio-thalassotherapy in the form of swimming in the sea, dosed stay in the air by the sea, night sleep by the sea - natural aerosol therapy by inhaling salts of sea water.

It is also necessary to take into account the presence of negatively charged air ions near the seashore during the surf. At climatic mountain resorts, we must take into account the effect on the body of rarefied air, the abundance of solar radiation with ultraviolet rays, and the relatively low air temperature, which reflexively affect blood circulation, respiration and metabolism.

Forest resorts are distinguished by relatively cool clean air, high relative humidity, and the presence of rich plant flora. It is necessary to take into account the importance of inhalation of aromatic substances from coniferous forests and the biological role of volatile substances emitted by plants. The ionic regime of air in forest areas is characterized, according to a number of authors, by the predominance of negatively charged ions.

Treatment of patients with mineral waters in a resort consists in drinking mineral water, taking baths, inhalations, rinsing the throat, irrigating the face and nose, and showering on the neck. The use of mineral water for inhalation has a significant prescription and wide distribution.

Inhalations with mineral waters are carried out at many resorts with waters of complex composition. These are mainly waters combined from hydrocarbonate, chloride, sulfate waters with the addition of certain cations (sodium, calcium, magnesium) to them.

When using mineral waters in inhalation therapy, it is necessary to remember the general requirements of balneology - to preserve the maximum gas phase and salt composition of mineral water for all medical purposes.

The mud method of treatment occupies a significant place in the work of resorts. For these purposes, silt or peat mud is used.

A rational regimen for patients at resorts helps to correctly use a variety of therapeutic factors that ensure the speedy recovery of the patient's strength, ability to work and health.

In the sanatorium-resort treatment of a number of diseases, including otolaryngological, a good effect is observed not only because patients use natural healing factors, this is also due to the fact that these patients during their stay at the resort are freed from negative environmental conditions, affecting their body (from exposure to dust, gases, acids, noise, fatigue of the vocal apparatus, etc.).

Diseases of the ENT organs are usually concomitant with the underlying condition of the patient referred for resort, especially balneological, treatment. Given this, when choosing a resort for such a patient, first of all, it is necessary to find out his general condition and get acquainted with the leading and concomitant dysfunctions of the body, which are indicated for spa treatment.

Hearing plays a very important role in human life, and especially in a child. If a child does not hear well, then this affects his general, psycho-emotional development, characterological features. And, most importantly, on the correct formation of speech.

Children with hearing loss have difficulty hearing sounds in the range of normal human speech volume. Babies born with other serious medical problems are more likely to show symptoms of hearing loss.

Most deaf children are born to parents with normal hearing. But this disease can be inherited.

Hearing loss is often not recognized until the child is 2, 3, or even 4 years old. The critical age for the development of communication skills is from birth to 3 years. If the disease is not diagnosed and treated before 6 months of age, this can have negative consequences for the development of speech skills.

There are 2 main categories of hearing loss:

1. Central hearing loss involves problems with information processing in the brain.
2. Peripheral hearing loss is associated with a violation of the device of the hearing aid. In turn, peripheral hearing loss is divided into:

• Conductive hearing loss most common among children. It occurs when the transmission of sounds through the outer or middle ear is blocked. Most often, such hearing loss develops in childhood as a result of an infection. Adequate treatment, in most cases, solves the problem.
• Sensorineural hearing loss means a violation of the transmission of sound information from the hair sensory cells of the inner ear to the nerve that sends sounds to the brain. Sensorineural hearing loss can be congenital or acquired. It arises from prolonged exposure to loud noises, infections, a strong blow to the head, as a consequence of treatment with certain drugs.
• Mixed hearing loss It is a combination of conductive and sensorineural hearing loss.

Hearing loss is measured by the volume of sounds that a person can hear without amplification. According to the degree, mild hearing loss, moderate, medium and severe (or complete) are distinguished.

• mild hearing loss. The child perceives a whisper at a distance of 1-3 meters, ordinary speech - at a distance of 4 meters. With this degree of hearing loss, the child does not perceive speech well if extraneous noise is present or speech is distorted.
• Average severity of hearing loss. The child hardly perceives whispered speech at a distance of more than a meter, and does not hear conversational speech at a distance of more than 2-4 meters. With an average degree of hearing loss, even at comfortable distances for the baby, speech is illegible for him and repetition is required.
• Severe deafness. The child does not distinguish whispers even close to the ear, and hears conversational speech at a distance of less than 2 m. Children with severe hearing loss usually require a hearing aid.

The term "deaf" is used when a person has such a profound hearing loss that they cannot communicate with others through voice alone. In this case, treatment is not always effective.

Deafness can appear at any age . Its symptoms are often difficult to identify, especially in young children.

The following are typical developmental milestones for children with normal hearing. Infants and young children with hearing loss may be developmentally delayed:

• 0-3 months - blinks, flinches, moves when he hears a loud sound.
• 4-6 months - turns his head to the voice, and makes sounds (“oooh”, “aaaah”).
• 7-12 months - turns head in any direction where the sound comes from, babbles.
• 13-15 months - can point to objects, uses the words "mom" and "dad" correctly.
• 16-18 months - uses simple words.
• 19-24 months - can point to parts of his body. Half of the words a child says can be understood by strangers.
• 25-36 months - uses three to five sentences. Three-quarters of the words used are understandable to outsiders.

Warning symptoms of hearing loss in children are:

• Listening to TV at a higher volume than other children
• The desire to sit closer to the TV when the volume seems normal to the rest of those present
• Constant requests to repeat what was said
• Difficulties with the perception of information during the lesson
• Problems with language and speech
• Demonstration of bad behavior
• inattention
• Complaints of stuffy ears or hearing problems

A combination of several of these symptoms may indicate the need for treatment. It is important to identify the symptoms of hearing loss as early as possible. Ideally, no later than 6 months of age. Hearing loss is often diagnosed when a child has difficulty learning.

During the appointment, the doctor will ask what the child and parents were sick with. He will direct you to the necessary studies, and carefully examine the child's ears in order to prescribe the correct treatment.

Some conditions associated with deafness are permanent. Others are temporary. In any case, the solution to the problem will take at least several months.

In order for the child not to suffer from hearing loss, the following rules should be observed:

• Taking care of your health during pregnancy
• Expert treatment and aftercare for middle ear infections
• Avoiding exposure to very loud sounds

Elimination of hearing loss

The result of treatment will be better if you pay attention to the symptoms as early as possible.

As soon as the doctor has diagnosed sensorineural hearing loss and admitted that neither treatment nor surgery will solve the problem (and in 90% of cases this, alas, is exactly the case), you should immediately contact a hearing prosthetist. He will select a high-quality hearing aid for your child and adjust it exactly according to the individual characteristics of hearing loss. Only then can a child with hearing problems hear, learn to speak, develop normally, and then be able to study in a regular school. The device should be selected as early as possible, immediately after the diagnosis is established (ideally, before the age of six months). The most favorable period for mastering the language is from 7-12 months to 4 years. The later - the worse the result, the more efforts of parents and deaf teachers will be required for the child to master speech.

In the case of conductive hearing loss, the prognosis is more favorable. If a child often suffers from viral infections, his adenoids increase. The consequence of this is frequent otitis media, hearing loss. It is necessary to engage in the prevention of SARS, hardening the child. If conservative treatment does not work, resort to adenotomy - removal of the adenoids. If a child has frequent purulent otitis media, cicatricial processes of the eardrums may develop and, as a result, hearing loss. In these cases, surgical intervention is performed on the ear.

If the disease that led to hearing loss is diagnosed and treated in a timely manner, then its effectiveness will be quite high, since the compensatory and reparative abilities in children are much greater than in adults.

Article prepared by:

Otorhinolaryngologist, MHI "SDD "Nadezhda"

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hearing loss

Persistent hearing loss causing difficulty in understanding speech. Causes: impaired mobility of the tympanic membrane and auditory ossicles, as a result of acute and chronic inflammation of the middle ear (perforation of the tympanic membrane, scars and adhesions); violation of barofunction of the Eustachian tube in adenoids; pathological changes in the inner ear and auditory nerve that occur with influenza, scarlet fever, measles, etc. There are three degrees of hearing loss: mild (whispered speech is perceived from a distance of 1-3 m and colloquial speech - more than 4 m); medium (whisper speech - less than 1 m, colloquial speech - less than 2-4 m); heavy (whispered speech is not perceived, colloquial speech is less than 1 m). An accurate determination of the degree of hearing loss is possible with an audiometric study.

6. Treatment. Despite persistent, as a rule, changes in the organ of hearing, in some cases it is possible to achieve an improvement in hearing with conservative (ear blowing, pneumomassage of the eardrum, physiotherapy, vitamin B1, aloe extract, etc.) and surgical treatment - hearing-improving operations (tympanoplasty, stapedoplasty ); adenotomy. With significantly severe hearing loss, hearing aids can provide significant assistance. Children suffering from hearing loss and having deviations in speech development should be brought up in special kindergartens and trained in special schools for children with hearing impairments. It is very important to identify hearing loss in children as early as possible and refer them to treatment in order to prevent speech disorders in them.

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