How to determine if a child has adenoids. Adenoids in children: symptoms, degrees, treatment and removal. The first signs, obvious symptoms and effective ways to treat adenoids in children with and without surgery. How to rinse the nasal cavity correctly

Instruction

Adenoids are observed in children of both sexes aged 3 to 7-10 years. The reasons for their appearance include infectious diseases (whooping cough, measles, influenza, scarlet fever, diphtheria, influenza, etc.), which cause inflammatory reactions from the lymphoid tissue. An unfavorable factor is poor social and living conditions: dark, damp, poorly ventilated rooms, poor quality food. The presence of adenoids is evidenced by the following symptoms: stuffy nose, secretion that fills the nasal passages.

Adenoids cause congestion in the nose and paranasal sinuses, leading to chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Due to difficulty in nasal breathing, the child sleeps with his mouth open, his sleep is restless, accompanied by snoring and even asthma attacks. With large growths, almost completely filling the vault of the nasopharynx, the voice takes on a dull tone, hearing decreases. Hearing loss often causes distraction and inattention of the child.

Because of the adenoids, the mouth is open all the time, the lower jaw sags, and the nasolabial folds are smoothed out. Breathing through the mouth leads to various anomalies in the growth of facial bones. The shape of the upper jaw is compressed from the sides, it becomes elongated. Sometimes there is an incorrect position of the teeth: in comparison with the lower, the upper incisors protrude significantly forward. All these signs give the child a special facial expression, called "external adenoidism" or "adenoid face." As a result, the diagnosis of adenoids during examination by a doctor does not present great difficulties.

The doctor makes the final diagnosis after posterior rhinoscopy or palpation of the nasopharynx. X-ray of the nasopharynx, computed tomography can also be used for diagnosis. The most informative method is endoscopic rhinoscopy, it allows you to determine the presence and degree of adenoid vegetations, the condition of the mucosa, to identify the presence of an inflammatory process in the nasopharynx.

After making a diagnosis, the doctor must find out the appearance of adenoids. To do this, you will need to pass tests: a general blood and urine test, blood biochemistry, an analysis for rheumatoid factor, antistreptolysin-O, C-reactive protein, an analysis for total immunoglobulin E, sowing from the throat, nasopharynx for microflora, skin allergic tests, a blood test for helminth antibodies. Based on the results of the tests, conservative treatment is prescribed, which can be replaced or supplemented by surgical treatment (adenotomy).

Adenoids in 70% of cases are found in children under 8 years of age and occupy the first place among otolaryngological pathologies. Only in 30% of cases the disease is registered at an older age. Starting from the age of 10, the tonsil begins to gradually sclerosis, so the incidence decreases.

The causes of adenoids in children are quite diverse, and it is rather difficult to single out any particular one in each case.

Pharyngeal together with other tonsils (palatine, lingual, and tubal) form a lymphoid ring. It plays a huge role in protecting the body from the penetration of microbes.

Under normal conditions, the tonsil is small, but under the influence of adverse causes, tissue hyperplasia occurs.

Where do adenoids come from?

1. lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis, which is characterized by the growth of the tonsil and systemic lymphadenopathy;
2. endocrine dysfunction (hypothyroidism);
3. intrauterine infections;
4. periods of formation of immune reactivity;
5. taking medications during pregnancy;
6. toxic substances, radiation;
7. chronic foci of infection (sinusitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis);
8. transferred acute infections (ARVI, scarlet fever, rubella);
9. specific infections (tuberculosis, syphilis);
10. hypovitaminosis;
11. allergic reactions;
12. malnutrition;
13. unfavorable environmental conditions.

In children, adenoids often develop in parallel with frequent tonsillitis. Due to the increased infectious load, the amygdala cannot cope with the opposition and begins to grow.

Over time, it is the hyperplastic lymphoid tissue that becomes a chronic focus of infection, keeping microbes in gaps and folds.

Diathesis in children

Lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis is very common in children, but not all parents know that a child has such features of the lymphatic system. Adenoids in children with diathesis are quite common. The development of diathesis occurs due to hyperplasia of lymphoid tissues and disruption of the endocrine glands.

In severe cases, the pathology is manifested by thymomegaly, which means an increase in the size of the thymus. This is recorded in 80% of cases of diathesis. Normally, the thymus gland enlarges until the age of puberty and gradually begins to atrophy. With diathesis, its reverse development is extremely slow.

On the one hand, it would seem that more cells of the lymphatic system - more powerful protection. But this opinion is wrong. A large number of cells that make up the tissue of a hyperplastic tonsil or thymus are immature structures. Because of this, they are unable to perform a protective function.

The exact causes of diathesis have not yet been determined. Quite often it is recorded in debilitated and premature babies. An important role is played by chronic endocrine dysfunction and pathology of labor in the mother (premature rupture of water, fetal hypoxia, birth weakness).

There are no specific symptoms that make it possible to suspect a pathology. Allocate only a set of physiological and pathological features that indirectly indicate disorders in the lymphatic system. Children have:

• overweight, while already from birth the fullness of the child is noticeable;
• tender skin, pallor;
• increased sweating, moisture of the palms, feet;
• lethargy, inactivity;
• irritability;
• nasal congestion, difficulty swallowing;
• inattention, poor school performance;
• frequent allergies, obstructive bronchitis.

With the help of ultrasound examination, the doctor detects an increase in all organs that have lymphoid tissue. Usually, diathesis is suspected after adenoids are detected, so parents first encounter signs of adenoiditis.

If the amygdala is enlarged in the absence of an acute infection in the body, imagine what it becomes with a cold or flu. First of all, hearing and nasal breathing suffer, because the growths become swollen, blocking the lumen of the auditory tube and nasal passages.

Hypovitaminosis

Another cause of adenoids is a lack of vitamins. Vitamin deficiency states develop due to poor nutrition, improper cooking, malabsorption and increased consumption of vitamins. Sweets and rich products loved by children, except for pleasure, do not bring any benefit. The same cannot be said about fruits, vegetables, fish and dairy products.

Under stress (exams, competitions), the need for vitamins increases by more than half. The same goes for the cold season.

What should be done to avoid hypovitaminosis, thereby reducing the risk of adenoids?

• eat enough protein, fresh vegetables and fruits;
• limit the consumption of fats, muffins;
• control physical activity;
• timely treat diseases of the digestive tract and endocrine glands;
• spend enough time outdoors and under the sun in the morning and evening.

Critical periods of childhood

Lymphoid formations can increase during periods of reduced immunity, when the child's body becomes vulnerable:

1. the first two periods take place in the first year of life. The body encounters microbes for the first time. Protection in this case is provided by maternal antibodies. With frequent attacks of pathogens, primary defects in immunity appear;
2. the third period takes the second year of life, when maternal protection is no longer available, and immature immunity tries to cope with the infection on its own. The period is characterized by viral and bacterial diseases;
3. the fourth critical period falls on 4-6 years. It is characterized by frequent atopic and autoimmune diseases. It is this time that is considered the most dangerous for hyperplasia of lymphoid formations.

We emphasize that the immunity of children, although imperfect, is still able to withstand many microbes. Failure in his work occurs due to the negative impact of provoking factors (poor nutrition, living conditions, heavy physical activity).

Chronic infections

An increased volume of lymphoid tissue is observed with prolonged infectious pathologies. To combat microbes, lymphoid structures such as the tonsils undergo some changes. They are associated with hypertrophic processes in the tonsils, due to which their function is impaired.

Such a reaction of the lymphatic system is observed in chronic tonsillitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis and caries. Pathogenic microorganisms hide in the gaps and folds of the mucous membranes, supporting the inflammatory process.

It is not always possible to suspect adenoids symptomatically, since during a routine examination, the pharyngeal tonsil is not visible, and clinical signs overlap with manifestations of pharyngitis or sinusitis.

The tendency to adenoids is greatest in children who have the following symptoms:

• sore throat when swallowing or talking;
• perspiration in the oropharynx;
• dry type cough;
• subfebrile hyperthermia;
• general symptoms of intoxication (malaise, drowsiness).

It is also worth highlighting a group of children with frequent acute respiratory viral infections, tonsillitis, especially a chronic course. Pathological changes occur not only in the oropharyngeal mucosa, but also in the palatine and pharyngeal tonsils.

If a child develops nasal congestion against the background of pharyngitis, which does not go away for a long time, it is worth consulting a doctor for the presence of adenoids.

Treatment in this case is carried out comprehensively, aimed at reducing the size of the adenoids and sanitation of chronic foci of infection in the nasopharynx and pharynx. Given the age of the patient, the severity of the chronic disease and the degree of hypertrophy of the tonsils, the doctor may prescribe:

• antibacterial agents (according to the results of the antibiogram);
• gargling with solutions with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory action, as well as washing the lacunae in a medical institution. This allows you to eliminate the infection and reduce the severity of intoxication. Procedures are carried out with furacilin, miramistin, chlorhexidine or soda-saline solution;
• washing of the nasal cavities. For this purpose, sea water (aqua maris, no-salt) or herbal decoctions (chamomile) are used; antihistamines (claritin, loratadine) to reduce tissue swelling;
• lymphotropic homeopathic remedies (lymphomyosot); vitamin and mineral complexes.

Allergic predisposition

Often, children with frequent allergies suffer from adenoids. Allergens are several factors at once, for example, wool, citrus fruits, certain drugs, pollen and hygiene products. Allergies are manifested as local symptoms in the form of rashes, itching, lacrimation, rhinorrhea, redness and swelling of the skin, as well as general signs. The child may have a slight increase in temperature, sneezing, coughing and malaise.

The tendency to allergies also manifests itself in the form of lymphadenopathy, which is why adenoids are often detected in allergic people. To alleviate the condition, the contact of the child with the allergen is necessarily excluded, after which various drugs are prescribed:

• sorbents (enterosgel, atoxil);
• antihistamines (erius, suprastin), which reduce the hypersensitization of the body;
• hormonal drugs (in severe cases);
• lymphotropic drugs (lymphomyosot).

To speed up the elimination and prevent further absorption of allergic products, enemas may be performed and plenty of fluids may be prescribed.

Causes of adenoids

Why did the child's adenoids increase? This question interests many parents when the doctor diagnoses "adenoids".

Some wonder what could be the cause, because the food is normal and the child does not often get sick, and the adenoids appeared from somewhere. There are many factors that lead to the growth of lymphoid tissue.

We have analyzed the most common causes. Now we list what else can provoke a pathology:

1. genetic inheritance. Where without her? The predisposition to certain diseases can be passed on from generation to generation and almost nothing can break the chain. The only way out is the observance of preventive measures literally from the birth of a child, which will reduce the risk of developing the disease or facilitate its course. It is quite difficult to avoid the appearance of adenoids if they are present in both parents;
2. congenital or acquired pathological conditions associated with immunodeficiency. This applies to the period of intrauterine development, when infectious diseases in a pregnant woman, bad habits and taking certain drugs can disrupt the laying and formation of organs, including immunity;
3. diseases of the circulatory system, when immature forms of cells that are unable to perform their functions are detected in the blood;
4. decreased immunity after infectious diseases, such as chickenpox or measles;
5. frequent hypothermia, SARS or tonsillitis;
6. diseases of the respiratory system of a systemic autoimmune nature, for example, cystic fibrosis;
7. anomalies in the development of the facial skeleton, nasal septum and passages;
8. overfeeding a child leads to regular regurgitation of excess food. Acid has an irritating effect on the nasopharyngeal mucosa, causing changes in it and the tonsil;
9. adverse environmental conditions. This applies to dust, dry air and industrial waste pollution. In addition, in conditions of high humidity, when the room is not ventilated, the risk of infectious diseases increases.

Separately, idiopathic hyperplasia of the tonsil is distinguished, when, in the absence of the influence of negative factors and concomitant diseases, lymphoid overgrowth occurs.

Prevention of adenoids

So that the adenoids have nowhere to come from, you must follow simple recommendations:

1. increased immune defense. Immunity is strengthened in the process of hardening the body. It is carried out by rubbing with warm water and with the help of regular walks in the fresh air;
2. limiting communication with people suffering from an infectious pathology. You need to be especially careful during the epidemic, why once again expose yourself to infection;
3. the use of fresh vegetables, fruits, dairy products, fish, meat and cereals;
4. sanatorium-resort rest in mountainous, forest or sea areas;
5. sports activities and breathing exercises;
6. regular visits to the dentist;
7. timely treatment of chronic infections.

Strong immunity of the child is not only his health, but the peace and joy of the parents.

Adenoids(glands) are defective changes in the pharyngeal tonsil. They usually occur after past infections (measles, scarlet fever, influenza, diphtheria) or are hereditary defects. More common in children 3-10 years old.

Your baby does not get out of the snot and constantly sits on sick leave? It is possible that the basis of health problems is the growth of the nasopharyngeal tonsil, in other words, adenoid vegetations. We will talk about one of the most popular medical problems among those faced by most parents of kindergarten children: to remove or not to remove adenoids.

Symptoms of adenoids

The disease proceeds slowly, unobtrusively, one gets the impression: is it a disease at all? Most often, adenoids are manifested by the fact that the child often catches a cold, and parents often have to "sit on sick leave", which eventually causes trouble at work. In most cases, it is this circumstance that makes you see a doctor. And in general, the reasons for contacting an otorhinolaryngologist about adenoids are worthy of talking about them separately. They are very unusual.

For example, the second most common reason for visiting a doctor is the spontaneous dissatisfaction of the grandmother, who came from the village, with the child's breath. Well, I don't like it. Then comes the accidental detection of something incomprehensible in the nasopharynx during a medical examination in kindergarten. And only in fourth place are complaints of a medical nature brought to the doctor. By the way, it is this contingent, which is only in fourth place in terms of seeking medical attention, that deserves real attention.

Adenoids are not visible to the "naked" eye - only an ENT doctor can examine the nasopharyngeal tonsil using a special mirror.

For some, they cause a lot of problems. Although originally intended to protect. The nasopharyngeal tonsils, or adenoids, hold the first line of defense against microbes that seek to enter the body with the air inhaled through the nose. On their way, there is a kind of filter in the form of adenoids. Special cells (lymphocytes) are produced there, which neutralize microorganisms.

This restless organ reacts to any inflammation. During the disease, the adenoids increase. When the inflammatory process passes, they return to normal. If the interval between diseases is too short (a week or less), the adenoids do not have time to decrease, they are constantly inflamed. Such a mechanism (“they don’t have time all the time”) leads to the fact that the adenoids grow even more. Sometimes they "swell" to such an extent that they almost completely block the nasopharynx. The consequences are obvious - difficulty in nasal breathing and hearing loss. If they are not stopped in time, adenoids can cause changes in the shape of the face, bite, blood composition, curvature of the spine, speech disorders, kidney function, and urinary incontinence.

Troubles adenoids deliver, as a rule, to children. In adolescence (13–14 years), the adenoid tissue decreases on its own to a small size and does not complicate life in any way. But this is if from the very beginning the problem that arose was treated professionally. Usually errors start from the moment of diagnosis.

Adenoids, or more correctly - adenoid vegetations (adenoid growths) - a widespread disease among children from 1 year to 14-15 years. It most often occurs between the ages of 3 and 7 years. Currently, there is a tendency to identify adenoids in children of an earlier age.

Signs of adenoids

The child breathes through his mouth, which is often open, especially at night.

There is no runny nose, and nasal breathing is difficult.

Prolonged runny nose, which is difficult to treat.

What are adenoids fraught with?

Hearing impairment. Normally, the difference between the external atmospheric pressure and the internal pressure in the middle ear cavity is regulated by the auditory (Eustachian) tube. An enlarged nasopharyngeal tonsil blocks the mouth of the auditory tube, making it difficult for air to pass freely into the middle ear. As a result, the eardrum loses its mobility, which affects the auditory sensations.

Quite often in children, due to overgrown adenoids, hearing is impaired. You should not be afraid of such violations, since they disappear completely, as soon as the cause is eliminated. Hearing loss can be of varying degrees. With adenoids - hearing loss to moderate severity.

You can also check if a child has a hearing impairment at home using the so-called whispered speech. Normally, a person hears a whisper across the room (six or more meters). When your child is busy playing, try calling out in a whisper from a distance of at least six meters. If the child heard you and turned around, his hearing is within the normal range. If you didn’t respond, call again - maybe the baby is too passionate about the game, and the problem at the moment is not at all a hearing impairment. But if he does not hear you, come a little closer - and so on until the child definitely hears you. You will know the distance from which the child hears whispered speech. If this distance is less than six meters and you are sure that the child did not respond to your voice, not because he was too carried away, but precisely because of hearing loss, you should urgently seek medical advice. The urgency is explained by the fact that hearing impairment occurs due to various reasons (not only through the fault of the adenoids). One of the reasons is neuritis. If the neuritis has just begun, the matter can still be corrected, but if you delay, the child may remain deaf for life.

As a rule, there are simultaneously enlarged adenoids and hypertrophied tonsils. Moreover, the tonsils in some children are so enlarged that they almost close with each other; it is understandable that a child with such tonsils has trouble swallowing food. But the main thing is that the child is not able to breathe freely either through the nose or through the mouth.

And it often happens that breathing difficulties cause the baby to wake up at night. He wakes up in fear that he will suffocate. Such a child is more likely than other children to be nervous and without mood. It is necessary to immediately consult with an otolaryngologist, who will decide when and where to remove the adenoids and cut the tonsils.

Overly enlarged adenoids and tonsils can also cause bedwetting in a child. One or two nightly "troubles" that happened to the child do not yet mean bedwetting. But if this phenomenon is observed constantly, you should consult a doctor.

Frequent colds. Persistent colds are due to the fact that the child cannot breathe freely through the nose. Normally, the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses produces mucus, which "cleanses" the nasal cavity from bacteria, viruses and other disease-causing factors. If a child has an obstacle to the flow of air in the form of adenoids, the outflow of mucus is difficult, and favorable conditions are created for the development of infection and the occurrence of inflammatory diseases.

Adenoiditis is a chronic inflammation of the nasopharyngeal tonsils. Adenoids, making nasal breathing difficult, not only contribute to the occurrence of inflammatory diseases, but in themselves are a good environment for the attack of bacteria and viruses. Therefore, the tissue of the nasopharyngeal tonsil, as a rule, is in a state of chronic inflammation. Microbes and viruses get a “permanent residence permit” in it. There is a so-called focus of chronic infection, from which microorganisms can spread throughout the body.

Decreased school performance. It has been proven that when nasal breathing is difficult, the human body does not receive up to 12-18% oxygen. Therefore, in a child suffering from difficulty in nasal breathing due to adenoids, there is a constant lack of oxygen, and, above all, the brain suffers.

Speech disorders. In the presence of adenoids in a child, the growth of the bones of the facial skeleton is disrupted. This, in turn, can adversely affect the formation of speech. The child does not pronounce individual letters, constantly speaks through the nose (nasal). Parents often do not notice these changes, as they "get used" to the pronunciation of the child.

Frequent otitis. Adenoid growths disrupt the normal functioning of the middle ear, as they block the mouth of the auditory tube. This creates favorable conditions for the penetration and development of infection in the middle ear.

Inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract - pharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis. With the growth of adenoid tissue, chronic inflammation develops in it. This leads to the constant production of mucus or pus that drains into the underlying parts of the respiratory system. Passing through the mucous membrane, they cause inflammatory processes - pharyngitis (inflammation of the pharynx), laryngitis (inflammation of the larynx), tracheitis (inflammation of the trachea) and bronchitis (inflammation of the bronchi).

These are only the most noticeable and frequent disorders that occur in the body of a child in the presence of adenoid vegetations. In fact, the range of pathological changes that cause adenoids is much wider. This should include changes in the composition of the blood, developmental disorders of the nervous system, impaired renal function, etc.

As a rule, one of these symptoms is enough to establish a diagnosis and carry out adequate therapeutic measures.

Diagnosis of adenoids

It is necessary to treat adenoids, since prolonged shallow and frequent breathing through the mouth causes abnormal development of the chest and leads to anemia. In addition, due to constant oral breathing in children, the growth of the bones of the face and teeth is disrupted and a special adenoid type of face is formed: the mouth is half open, the lower jaw becomes elongated and sagging, and the upper incisors protrude significantly.

If you find one of the above signs in your child, contact an ENT doctor without delay. In case of detection of grade I adenoids without severe respiratory disorders, conservative treatment of adenoids is carried out - instillation of a 2% solution of protargol into the nose, taking vitamins C and D, calcium preparations.

The operation - adenotomy - is not needed by all children, and should be carried out according to strict indications. As a rule, surgical intervention is recommended with a significant proliferation of lymphoid tissue (adenoids II-III degree) or in case of serious complications - hearing loss, nasal breathing disorders, speech disorders, frequent colds, etc.

False diagnostics

The reason for the incorrect diagnosis can be both the overconfidence of the ENT doctor (a child entered the office, his mouth is open: “Ah, everything is clear, these are adenoids. Operation!”), And a lack of knowledge. The fact that the child does not breathe through the nose is not always the fault of the adenoids. The cause may be allergic and vasomotor rhinitis, deviated septum, even a tumor. Of course, an experienced doctor can determine the degree of the disease by pronunciation, voice timbre, nasal speech. But you can't rely on it.

A reliable picture of the disease can only be obtained after examining the child. The oldest method of diagnosis, which, however, is most often used in children's clinics, is a digital examination. They climb into the nasopharynx with their fingers and feel the tonsil. The procedure is very painful and subjective. One finger is like this, and the other is like this. One climbed in: "Yes, adenoids." And the other did not feel anything: "Well, what are you, there are no adenoids there." The child sits all in tears, and then he will not open his mouth to another doctor - it hurts. The method of posterior rhinoscopy is also unpleasant - “sticking” a mirror deep into the oral cavity (children have an urge to vomit). Again, the diagnosis is made mostly on the basis of an X-ray of the nasopharynx, which only allows us to determine the degree of enlargement of the adenoids and does not give an idea of ​​the nature of their inflammation and the relationship with neighboring important structures in the nasopharynx, which in no case can be damaged during surgery. This could have been done 30-40 years ago. Modern methods are painless and allow you to accurately determine the size of the adenoids and whether they need surgical treatment. It can be computed tomography or endoscopy. A tube (endoscope) connected to a video camera is inserted into the nasal cavity. As the tube moves deeper into the monitor, all the "secret" areas of the nose and nasopharynx are displayed.

The adenoids themselves can also be misleading. Common situation. When does a mother with a child come to the doctor? Usually a week after the illness: “Doctor, we don’t get out of the “hospital”! Every month we have conjunctivitis, then otitis media, then tonsillitis, then sinusitis. In the clinic they take a picture: the adenoids are enlarged. (What is natural during the inflammatory process!) They write: operation. And 2-3 weeks after the disease, if the child does not pick up a new infection, the adenoids return to normal. Therefore, if the clinic told you that the child has adenoids and they must be removed, consider consulting another doctor. The diagnosis may not be confirmed.

Another common mistake: if the adenoids are removed, the child will no longer get sick. It is not true. Indeed, an inflamed tonsil is a serious focus of infection. Therefore, neighboring organs and tissues are also at risk - microbes can easily move there. But you can not cut off the infection with a knife. It will still “come out” in another place: in the paranasal sinuses, in the ear, in the nose. Infection can be detected, identified, tested, drug susceptibility determined, and only then treated with a greater likelihood that the disease will be defeated. Adenoids are removed not because the child is sick. And only when they impede nasal breathing, lead to complications in the form of sinusitis, sinusitis, otitis media.

Surgery is often contraindicated for children with severe allergic diseases, especially bronchial asthma. Removal of the nasopharyngeal tonsil can lead to deterioration and exacerbation of the disease. Therefore, they are treated conservatively.

To remove or not to remove adenoids

Special medical literature describes that the presence of adenoids in a child is fraught with serious complications. Prolonged obstruction of natural breathing through the nose can lead to a delay in psychomotor development, to the incorrect formation of the facial skeleton. A persistent violation of nasal breathing contributes to a deterioration in the ventilation of the paranasal sinuses with the possible development of sinusitis. Hearing may be impaired. The child often complains of pain in the ear, the risk of developing a chronic inflammatory process and persistent hearing loss is increased. To top it off, frequent colds, which seem endless to parents, incline the doctor to drastic measures. The traditional method of treating children with adenoids is extremely simple - their removal, or adenotomy. More specifically, we are talking about the partial removal of an excessively enlarged pharyngeal tonsil. It is this enlarged tonsil, which is located in the nasopharynx at the exit from the nasal cavity, that is considered the cause of the child's problems.

Adenotomy, it can be said without exaggeration, is today the most common surgical operation in pediatric otorhinolaryngological practice. However, few people know that it was proposed back in the time of Emperor Nicholas I and has not changed at all until now. But the effectiveness of the treatment of adenoids in this way has even worsened somewhat due to the too wide distribution of various allergies in modern children. So really, since that distant time, nothing new has appeared in medical science? Appeared. A lot has changed. But, unfortunately, the approach to treatment has remained purely mechanistic - an increase in the organ, like one and a half hundred years ago, encourages doctors to remove it.

Try asking your doctor why this ill-fated tonsil has grown, which interferes with nasal breathing so much, causes so many problems and requires surgical treatment, and even with little or no anesthesia. I'm interested in what they answer. Firstly, a sensible answer to this question requires a lot of time, which a doctor does not have, and secondly, and this is very sad, information about the latest scientific developments has become practically inaccessible due to the enormous high cost. It so happened, and perhaps it is partly correct, that doctors and their patients are located, as they say, "on opposite sides of the counter." There is information for doctors, there is information for patients, in the end it turns out that doctors have their own truth, and patients have their own.

Treatment of adenoids

When the question arises about the need for adenotomy, it must be emphasized that the most acceptable approach here is the principle of "step by step". Adenotomy is not an urgent operation, it can always be postponed for some time in order to use this delay for more gentle treatment methods. For adenotomy, it is necessary, as they say, to "ripen" both the child, and the parents, and the doctor. It is possible to talk about the need for surgical treatment only when all non-surgical measures have been used, but there is no effect. In any case, it is also impossible to correct violations of the finest mechanisms of immune regulation with a knife, just as it is impossible to eliminate a software failure in a computer with a saw and an ax. With a knife, you can only try to prevent complications, so before you take it, you need to make sure that there is a tendency for their development.

It should be noted that adenotomy is very dangerous to perform at an early age. All scientific journals write that before the age of five, any surgical intervention on the tonsils is generally undesirable. It must be borne in mind that with age, the tonsils themselves decrease in volume. In a person's life there is a certain time period when the body is actively getting acquainted with the surrounding microflora, and the tonsils work to their fullest, they may increase slightly.

In the treatment of such patients, the most ancient medical principle, which establishes a hierarchy of therapeutic effects, is the best suited: the word, the plant, the knife. In other words, of paramount importance is a comfortable psychological atmosphere surrounding the child, a reasonable passage through various colds without loss of immunity, non-surgical treatments, and only at the very last stage adenotomy. This principle should be used for all diseases without exception, however, modern medicine, armed to the teeth with powerful means of influence, mainly thinks about how to reduce the duration of treatment, while creating more and more iatrogenic (the cause of which is the treatment process itself) diseases.

Among the various non-drug methods that are useful for correcting the child's immunodeficiency, which results in adenoids, practice shows the effectiveness of spa therapy, herbal medicine and homeopathic medicine. I would like to emphasize that these methods are effective only if the basic principles of passing through colds, which we talked about above, are observed. Moreover, the treatment carried out exclusively by professionals should be long-term with the observation of the child for at least six months. Even the most expensive herbal teas and homeopathic preparations in bright packages are not suitable here, because only an individual approach is required. Only surgery is the same for everyone.

By the way, about the operation, if it so happened that it is not possible to refuse it. The protective mechanisms of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract after surgical treatment are restored no earlier than after three to four months. So, conservative (non-surgical) treatment is still indispensable.

It happens that adenoids recur after surgery, that is, they grow again. Perhaps, in some cases, this is the result of some errors in the surgical technique, but in the vast majority of such situations, the surgical technique is not to blame. The recurrence of adenoids is the surest sign that they should not have been removed, but the existing pronounced immunodeficiency should have been eliminated. The point of view of many otorhinolaryngologists on this matter is interesting. They prove that recurrent adenoids should be treated conservatively, that is, without surgery. Then it is not clear why to operate on ordinary non-recurrent adenoids, which are easier to treat than recurrent ones. This is just one of the existing contradictions in medicine, from the multitude of which one must understand the following: health is a precious gift that is given to a person once and then only squandered and reduced over time. This should always be remembered when deciding on certain medical interventions in the child's body.

Treatment of adenoid growths

How to treat a child if surgery is not required yet?

Try washing your nose and nasopharynx - just a few washes are sometimes enough to bring the nasopharynx in order. Of course, a lot here depends on your skill and perseverance, and on the child - how he will endure this procedure. But try to negotiate with the child, explain why washing is done. Some mothers wash the noses of their children up to a year old (by the way, washing is useful both for a runny nose and as a prevention of colds). Children get used to this procedure and, it happens, they themselves ask to rinse their nose if they have difficulty with nasal breathing.

Washing the nose and nasopharynx. It is most convenient to do the procedure in the bathroom. With a syringe (rubber spray), you collect warm water or a decoction of herbs and inject the child into one nostril. The child should stand, bending over the bathtub or sink, while the mouth is open (so that the child does not choke when the wash water passes through the nose, nasopharynx and when it merges through the tongue). First, press the syringe lightly so that the water (or solution) does not flow too strongly. When the child gets used to the procedure a little and is not afraid, you can increase the pressure. Washing with an elastic jet is much more effective. The child during washing should not raise his head, and then the washing water will safely flow down the tongue. Then flush your nose through the other nostril. Of course, at first the child will not like this procedure, but you will notice how the nose clears up, how clots of mucus come out of it, and how easy it will be for the baby to breathe later.

There are no special recommendations regarding the amount of water used (solution, infusion, decoction). You can - three or four spray cans on each side, you can - more. You will see for yourself when the baby's nose clears up. Practice shows that 100-200 ml for one wash is enough.

For washing the nose, preference should be given to collections of medicinal herbs:

1. St. John's wort, heather grass, coltsfoot leaves, horsetail grass, calendula flowers - equally. 15 g of the collection pour 25 ml of boiling water, boil for 10 minutes, insist in heat for 2 hours. Strain. Drop 15-20 drops into the nose every 3-4 hours or use as a nasal rinse.

2. Leaves of fireweed, chamomile flowers, carrot seeds, plantain leaves, horsetail grass, serpentine mountaineer rhizome - equally (to prepare and apply, see above).

3. White rose petals, yarrow grass, flax seeds, licorice rhizome, wild strawberry leaves, birch leaves - equally (to prepare and apply, see above).

4. Sequence grass, clover flowers, duckweed grass, calamus rhizome, St.

In the absence of allergies, it is possible to take infusions of medicinal plants inside:

1. Althea root, watch leaves, St. John's wort grass, rose hips, coltsfoot leaves, fireweed grass - equally. 6 g of collection pour 250 ml of boiling water: insist in a thermos for 4 hours. Take 1/4 cup 4-5 times a day warm.

2. Birch leaves, elecampane rhizome, blackberry leaves, calendula flowers, chamomile flowers, yarrow flowers, succession grass - equally. 6 g of the collection pour 250 ml of boiling water, insist in a thermos for 2 hours. Take 1/4 cup 4-5 times a day warm.

3. Thyme grass, meadowsweet herbs, oat straw, rose hips, viburnum flowers, clover flowers, raspberry leaves - equally. 6 g of the collection pour 250 ml of boiling water, insist in a thermos for 2 hours. Take 1/4 cup 4-5 times a day warm.

If the doctor has prescribed any medicinal drops or ointment for your child, they work most effectively after washing the nose - since the nasal mucosa is clean and the medicine acts on it directly. Indeed, it will not do you any good to drop even the best medicine into a nose full of discharge; the medicine will either leak out of the nose, or the child will swallow it, and there will be no effect. Always thoroughly clean your nose before using medicinal drops and ointments: either by rinsing, or, if the child knows how, by blowing your nose (but the first is better, of course).

Some very naughty children (especially small ones) never get to rinse their nose. And no exhortations, no explanations work on them. For such children, you can try to rinse the nose using a different method, although not as effective.

The child should be put on his back and the same chamomile decoction should be instilled into the nose with a pipette. The decoction enters through the nose into the nasopharynx, and the child then swallows it. After such washing, you can try to clear the nose with suction using a rubber can.

To wash the nose and nasopharynx, you can use plain warm (body temperature) tap water. From the nose, nasopharynx, from the surface of the adenoids, crusts, dust, mucus with microbes contained in them are purely mechanically removed.

You can use sea water for washing (dry sea salt is sold in pharmacies; stir 1.5-2 teaspoons of salt in a glass of warm water, filter). It is good because, like any saline solution, it quickly relieves swelling; in addition, iodine compounds are present in sea water, which kill the infection. If your pharmacy does not have dry sea salt and if you live far from the sea, you can prepare a solution approximate to sea water (stir a teaspoon of table salt, a teaspoon of baking soda in a glass of warm water and add 1-2 drops of iodine). Can be used for washing and decoctions of herbs - for example, chamomile. You can alternate: chamomile, sage, St. John's wort, calendula, eucalyptus leaf. In addition to mechanically removing the infection from the nose and nasopharynx, the listed herbal remedies also have an anti-inflammatory effect.

Some doctors prescribe for children with enlarged adenoids to instill a 2% solution of protargol into the nose. Practice shows that there is no significant improvement in the child's condition from this (although everything is again individual), however, it has been noticed that protargol dries somewhat and slightly reduces the tissue of the adenoids. Of course, the best effect occurs when you instill protargol into a previously washed nose - the solution acts directly on the adenoids, and does not slip into the oropharynx along the mucous discharge.

To drip the medicine, the child must be placed on his back and even tilt his head back (this is easier when the child lies on the edge of the couch). In this position, instill 6-7 drops of protargol into the nose, and let the child lie down without changing position for several minutes - then you can be sure that the protargol solution is "located" just on the adenoids.

This procedure should be repeated (without skipping) twice a day: in the morning and in the evening (before going to bed) for fourteen days. Then a month - a break. And the course is repeated.

It is very important to know that protargol is an unstable silver compound that quickly loses its activity and breaks down on the fifth or sixth day. Therefore, it is necessary to use a solution of protargol exclusively freshly prepared.

It also happens that, according to the testimony of a doctor, an adenotomy will be prescribed - an operation to cut off the adenoids. The technique of this operation is more than a hundred years old. It is done both on an outpatient and inpatient basis, but in view of the fact that after the operation there is still a chance of bleeding from the wound surface, it is preferable to remove the adenoids in the hospital, where the operated person is under the supervision of experienced doctors for two to three days.

The operation is performed under local anesthesia with a special instrument called an adenotome. Adenotome is a steel loop on a long thin handle, one edge of the loop is sharp. After the operation, bed rest is observed for several days, body temperature is controlled. Only liquid and semi-liquid dishes are allowed to be eaten; nothing annoying - sharp, cold, hot; dishes only in the form of heat. A few days after adenotomy, complaints of sore throat may be made, but the pain gradually decreases, and soon disappears altogether.

However, there are various contraindications to adenotomy. These include - anomalies in the development of the soft and hard palate, cleft palate, the child's age (up to 2 years), blood diseases, suspected oncological diseases, acute infectious diseases, acute inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract, bacillus carriers, a period of up to 1 month after prophylactic vaccination.

Along with the obvious advantages (the ability to perform on an outpatient basis, the short duration and relative technical simplicity of the operation), traditional adenotomy has a number of significant drawbacks. One of them is the lack of visual control during the operation. With a wide variety of the anatomical structure of the nasopharynx, performing a “blind” intervention does not allow the surgeon to completely remove the adenoid tissue.

Improving the quality and efficiency of the operation is facilitated by the development and implementation of modern techniques in pediatric otorhinolaryngology, such as aspiration adenotomy, endoscopic adenotomy, adenotomy using shaver technologies under general anesthesia.

Aspiration adenotomy is performed with a special adenotomy designed and introduced into otorhinolaryngological practice by B.I. Kerchev. Aspiration adenoid is a hollow tube with a shoe-shaped receiver for adenoids extended at the end. The other end of the adenotom is connected to the suction. With aspiration adenotomy, the possibility of aspiration (inhalation) of pieces of lymphoid tissue and blood into the lower respiratory tract is excluded, as well as damage to anatomical structures nearby in the nasopharynx.

Endoscopic adenotomy. Intervention to remove adenoids is performed under general anesthesia (narcosis) with artificial lung ventilation. A rigid endoscope with 70-degree optics is inserted into the oral part of the pharynx to the level of the curtain of the soft palate. The nasopharynx and posterior parts of the nose are examined. The size of adenoid vegetations, their localization, and the severity of inflammatory phenomena are assessed. Then, through the oral cavity into the nasopharynx, an adenoid or an aspiration adenoid is introduced. Under visual control, the surgeon removes the lymphadenoid tissue. After the bleeding stops, the surgical field is re-examined.

The use of a microdebrider (shaver) significantly improves the quality of adenotomy. The microdebrider consists of an electromechanical console and a handle with a working tip and a pedal connected to it, with the help of which the surgeon can set in motion and stop the rotation of the cutter, as well as change the direction and modes of its rotation. The tip of the microdebrider consists of a hollow fixed part and a blade rotating inside it. A suction hose is connected to one of the channels of the handle, and due to negative pressure, the tissue to be removed is sucked into the hole at the end of the working part, crushed by a rotating blade and aspirated into the suction reservoir. To remove adenoid tissue, the working tip of the shaver is inserted through one half of the nose to the nasopharynx. Under the control of an endoscope inserted through the opposite half of the nose or through the oral cavity, the adenoid tonsil is removed.

In the postoperative period, the child should observe a home regimen during the day, in the next 10 days physical activity should be limited (outdoor games, physical education), overheating should be excluded, food should be sparing (warm non-irritating food). With an uncomplicated course of the postoperative period, the child can attend kindergarten or school on the 5th day after the removal of the adenoids.

After surgery, many children continue to breathe through their mouths, although the obstruction to normal breathing has been removed. These patients need to be prescribed special breathing exercises that help strengthen the respiratory muscles, restore the correct mechanism of external respiration and eliminate the habit of breathing through the mouth. Breathing exercises are carried out under the supervision of a specialist in physiotherapy exercises or at home after appropriate consultation.

Prevention of adenoiditis and adenoid vegetations.

The surest way to prevent infection is to avoid infection. And its main source among children is a kindergarten. The mechanism is simple. A child comes to kindergarten for the first time. Until now, he had never been sick and talked with two children in the nearest sandbox. And in the garden there is a large company of peers: we lick toys and pencils, spoons, plates, linen - everything is in common. And there will always be one or two children whose snot hangs to the waist, whom their parents “thrown” into the garden, not because the child must develop, contact with children, but because they need to work. In less than two weeks, the newcomer fell ill, sniffled, coughed, and became feverish (up to 39.). The doctor from the clinic looked at the throat, wrote "SARS (ARVI)", prescribed an antibiotic that he likes. The fact that it will act on this particular infection, this is what my grandmother said in two - the microbes are now resistant. And in a situation where a child has an acute respiratory disease, it is not at all necessary to immediately “sculpt” him with an antibiotic. It is possible that his immune system, having first encountered an infection, will cope with it on its own. Nevertheless, the child is given an antibiotic. Mom spent seven days with the child - and to the doctor: “No temperature? So healthy!" Mom - to work, child - to the garden. That's just not recovering children in a week! This will take at least 10-14 days. And the child returned to the team, brought with him an untreated infection and gave it to everyone he could. And he picked up a new one. Against the background of a weakened by an antibiotic and a disease of immunity, this happens very often. Chronic inflammation occurs.

So - the main prevention - adequate and unhurried treatment of all children's colds.

Traditional medicine recipes for the treatment of adenoids:

Pour 15 g of dry crushed anise herb with 100 ml of alcohol and infuse in a dark place for 10 days, shaking the contents occasionally, then strain. For polyps in the nose, dilute the prepared tincture with cold boiled water in a ratio of 1: 3 and instill 10-15 drops 3 times a day until the adenoids completely disappear.

For polyps in the nasopharynx, dissolve 1 g of mummy in 5 tablespoons of boiled water. The mixture should be instilled into the nose several times a day. Simultaneously with this treatment, dissolve 0.2 g of Shilajit in 1 glass of water and drink in small sips throughout the day.

Squeeze the juice from the beets and mix it with honey (for 2 parts of beet juice 1 part of honey). Bury this mixture 5-6 drops in each nostril 4-5 times a day for a runny nose in a child caused by adenoids in the nasopharynx.

Regular washing of the nose and throat with salt water slows down the development of adenoids.

Every 3-5 minutes, instill 1 drop of celandine juice into each nostril 1-2 times a day. Only 3-5 drops. The course of treatment is 1-2 weeks.

Mix St. John's wort and unsalted butter in a ratio of 1:4 in a boiling water bath. Add 5 drops of celandine herb juice to each teaspoon of the mixture, mix thoroughly. Place 2 drops of the mixture in each nostril 3-4 times a day. The course of treatment is 7-10 days. If necessary, repeat the treatment after 2 weeks.

home remedies for adenoids

Instill thuja oil into the nose, 6-8 drops in each nostril at night. The course of treatment for adenoids is 2 weeks. After a week break, repeat the course.

Stir in 1 cup of boiled water 0.25 teaspoon of baking soda and 15-20 drops of a 10% alcohol solution of propolis. Rinse the nose with a solution 3-4 times a day, pouring 0.5 cups of a freshly prepared solution into each nostril for adenoids.

Herbs and fees for the treatment of adenoids

Pour 1 tablespoon of budra ivy grass with 1 glass of water, boil for 10 minutes over low heat. Inhale the vapors of the herb for 5 minutes 3-4 times a day with adenoids.

Pour 1 tablespoon of chopped walnut pericarp with 1 glass of water, bring to a boil and insist. Bury in the nose 6-8 drops 3-4 times a day. The course of treatment for adenoids is 20 days.

Pour 2 tablespoons of horsetail with 1 glass of water, boil for 7-8 minutes, leave for 2 hours. Rinse the nasopharynx 1-2 times a day for 7 days with adenoids.

Take 1 part of oregano herb and coltsfoot herb, 2 parts of succession herb. Pour 1 tablespoon of the collection with 1 cup of boiling water, leave for 6-8 hours in a thermos, strain, add 1 drop of fir oil, rinse the nose and nasopharynx 1-2 times a day. The course of treatment for adenoids - 4 days. Health portal www.site

Take 10 parts of a blackcurrant leaf, crushed rose hips, chamomile flowers, 5 parts of calendula flowers, 2 parts of viburnum flowers. Pour 1 tablespoon of the collection with 1 cup of boiling water, leave for 6-8 hours in a thermos, strain, add 1 drop of fir oil and rinse your nose 1-2 times a day. The course of treatment for adenoids - 3 days.

Take 2 parts of oak bark and 1 part of St. John's wort and mint leaf. Pour 1 tablespoon of the collection with 1 glass of cold water, bring to a boil, boil for 3-5 minutes, leave for 1 hour, strain, rinse the nasopharynx 1-2 times a day for adenoids.

For the prevention of adenoids and polyps, make an ointment from St. Bury 3-4 times a day, 2 drops in each nostril for adenoids.

Vanga's recipes for adenoids

Grind dried hellebore roots into powder. Prepare the dough from flour and water and stretch it into a long ribbon. The width of this tape should be such that it can be wrapped around the throat of the patient. Then it is good to sprinkle a ribbon of dough with crushed powder from medicinal herbs and wrap it around the neck of the patient so that the tonsils are certainly covered. Put a bandage or cotton cloth on top. For children, the duration of this compress should not exceed half an hour, and adults can leave it all night. Repeat if necessary. At the same time, for small children, the duration of the compress is from half an hour to an hour, for large children - 2-3 hours, and adults can leave the compress all night.

5 tablespoons of water, 1 g of mummy. Buried in the nose 3-4 times a day.

Make a compress from a soft dough, sprinkle it with chopped ragwort herb stalks, put it around your neck. Repeat the procedure 1-2 times for half an hour.

Constant colds, difficulty in nasal breathing, incessant runny nose - all these are concomitant signs of adenoids. Almost 50% of all children face this disease. What are adenoids and where are they located? Why do they increase? How to understand that a pathology is developing? How are adenoids treated and is it possible to cope with the disease without surgery? Let's figure it out together.

What are adenoids?

Adenoids are often called nasopharyngeal tonsils, and if the doctor says that the child has "adenoids", this means that the tonsils have become inflamed and increased in size. They are located in the throat, at the point where the pharynx passes into the nasal cavity. Everyone has these tonsils - and in adults they are in the same place as in children.

The disease usually affects babies from 2-3 to 7 years old. With age, the nasopharyngeal tonsils decrease, and the gap between them increases. For this reason, persistent adenoid hypertrophy is rarely diagnosed in people over 14 years of age. The inflammatory process can develop at the age of 14-20 years, however, the number of patients of this age suffering from adenoids is insignificant.

Stages and forms of the disease

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The pathological process is classified according to the degree of growth of the tissues of the nasopharyngeal tonsils. It should be borne in mind that only their persistent hypertrophy matters. An increase is diagnosed only if 15-20 days have passed since recovery from a viral infection, while the size of the adenoids has not returned to normal.

There are the following stages of the disease:

• 1 degree. Hypertrophied nasopharyngeal tonsils are enlarged and cover no more than a third of the lumen of the nasopharynx. Difficulties with nasal breathing in the patient are observed only during sleep. Snoring is noted.
• 1-2 degree. Up to half of the nasopharyngeal lumen is blocked by lymphoid tissue.
• 2 degree. 2/3 of the nasal passages are closed by adenoids. The patient experiences difficulty with nasal breathing around the clock. There are speech problems.
• 3 degree. It becomes impossible to breathe through the nose, as the adenoids completely block the nasopharyngeal lumen.

Causes of enlarged nasopharyngeal tonsils

Adenoids in children appear both as an independent disease and as a pathological process accompanying inflammation in the nasal cavity or nasopharynx. Why does disease occur? Sometimes the cause is a genetic predisposition or birth trauma.

Inflammation in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx provokes the development of adenoids

The following reasons are also distinguished for the fact that adenoids grow in a child:

• frequent viral diseases, including SARS;
• tonsillitis in a chronic form;
• viral infections carried by the mother during pregnancy;
• weakened immunity;
• allergic reaction;
• diphtheria;
• scarlet fever;
• whooping cough;
• long stay in dusty rooms, living in areas with polluted air or near industrial enterprises;
• artificial feeding (artificial ones do not receive mother's immune cells);
• reaction to vaccination (rare).

What do the symptoms of inflammation look like?

Most often, adenoids become inflamed in children from 2-3 to 7 years old (when the child first goes to kindergarten or school).

Adenoids are easy to see when examining the throat

However, sometimes inflammation develops in a one-year-old child, less often in an infant. How to find out that a pathology has arisen? There is a complex of characteristic features that form a specific clinical picture.

If the child has difficulty trying to breathe through the nose, constantly breathing through an open mouth, while the nose is blocked, and there is no discharge from it, this is the main symptom by which one can suspect that the baby has enlarged tonsils. You need to see an otolaryngologist. What external symptoms look like can be seen in the photo to the article. The list of symptoms is given below:

1. frequent tonsillitis, rhinitis, pharyngitis;
2. there is a headache;
3. the timbre of the voice changes and becomes nasal;
4. in the morning, the mucous membranes of the mouth dry up, there is a dry cough;
5. in a dream, a small patient snores, sniffles, asthma attacks may occur (see also:);
6. sleep is disturbed - the child sleeps with his mouth open, wakes up, cries (more in the article:);
7. otitis often develops, the baby complains of earache, hearing impairment;
8. the child gets tired quickly, looks lethargic, becomes capricious and irritable;
9. appetite worsens.

What can be dangerous adenoids?

Adenoids in a child negatively affect breathing and speech, and are also dangerous for their complications. The most common consequence is frequent colds. On the overgrown tissues, mucous deposits accumulate, in which bacteria actively multiply. Babies with adenoids can carry colds up to 10-12 times a year. Also, hypertrophy of the tonsils can provoke:

• deformation of the incisors in the upper jaw and drooping lower jaw (the so-called "adenoid face");
• tearfulness, irritability;
• enuresis;
• functional heart murmurs;
• anemia
• persistent speech disorders requiring treatment by a speech therapist;
• weakening of memory and concentration due to insufficient saturation of the brain with oxygen (the result is poor academic performance);
• hearing loss;
• frequent otitis;

With adenoids, the child may suffer from frequent otitis

• hearing loss;
• sinusitis - more than half of all diagnosed cases develop as a result of adenoids;
• chronic inflammation of the nasopharyngeal tonsils (chronic adenoiditis) - during exacerbations, there is a strong fever up to 39 ° C.

Diagnostic methods

Adenoids are characterized by a specific clinical picture, which allows the otolaryngologist to recognize the disease based on examination and questioning of the patient. There are several pathologies that have similar symptoms, so during diagnosis it is important to differentiate them from adenoids.

In the examination and differential diagnosis of adenoids, the following methods are used:

1. computed tomography (a type of diagnostic based on scanning using x-rays);
2. endoscopy;
3. x-ray examination (used to check the condition of the tonsils in rare cases);
4. posterior rhinoscopy (examination allows you to determine the condition of the nasopharyngeal tonsils, is carried out using a mirror);
5. finger probing - in this way, the tonsils are rarely checked, since the technique is considered outdated, painful and uninformative.

Diagnosis of adenoids

Complex treatment

What to do when a child is diagnosed with adenoids? Most immediately think about their removal. However, you can not resort to surgical intervention. Removal is carried out only in extreme cases, when conservative methods of treatment do not work. The treatment regimen usually includes vasoconstrictor and antiseptic drugs, nasopharyngeal lavage, and sometimes antibiotic therapy.

Vasoconstrictor and drying drops

With severe swelling in the nose, which prevents the patient from sleeping and eating normally, as well as before medical and diagnostic procedures, the doctor will recommend instilling vasoconstrictor and drying drops into the nose. It should be borne in mind that they do not treat adenoids, but contribute to temporary relief of the condition:

• Small patients are usually prescribed Nazol-baby, Sanorin for children, children's Naphthyzinum (we recommend reading:). There are restrictions - you can not use these funds for more than 5-7 days in a row.
• If the adenoids are accompanied by an abundant secretion of mucus, then drying drugs are prescribed, such as.

Washing the nasopharynx

Washing the nasopharynx is a useful procedure, but only if the parents know how to properly carry it out.

If there are doubts about one's own strengths and skills, then it is better to sign the baby up for washing with a doctor - if the procedure is carried out incorrectly, there is a risk of infection in the middle ear and, as a result, the development of otitis media. For washing, you can use:

1. Aquamaris solution;
2. still mineral water;
3. saline;
4. saline solution (1 hour (we recommend reading:). l. salt per 0.1 boiled water);
5. decoctions of medicinal herbs (calendula, chamomile).

Antiseptic preparations

To disinfect the surface of the mucous membranes of the inflamed nasopharyngeal tonsils, eliminate pathogenic microorganisms, reduce swelling and reduce inflammation, the doctor will prescribe antiseptic drugs. In the treatment of adenoids in children, drugs such as:

• Miramistin;
• Derinat (we recommend reading:);
• Collargol.

Antibiotics

Antibacterial drugs, including topical agents, can be used in the treatment of adenoids only as prescribed by a doctor. Antibiotics are included in the therapeutic regimen in cases where the patient has developed adenoiditis.

Sometimes in the treatment of adenoids, doctors prescribe Amoxiclav

Antibiotics do not help reduce the size of the tonsils, in addition, with their uncontrolled use, microorganisms develop resistance to drugs.

Name of the drug	Active ingredient	Release form	Age restrictions, years
Sorfadex	Gramicidin, dexamethasone, framycetin	Drops	from 7 years old
Amoxiclav	Amoxicillin, clavulanic acid	Tablets, powder for suspension, solution for intravenous administration	from 12 years old / no restrictions / from 12 years old
Sumamed	Azithromycin dihydrate	Tablets 125, 500 mg, capsules, powder for suspension	from 12 years / from 3 years / from 12 years / from 6 months
Suprax Solutab	Cefixime	Water soluble tablets	from 6 months (with caution)

Physiotherapy treatment

Treatment of adenoids should be comprehensive. Physiotherapeutic methods complement drug treatment. Doctors often prescribe a nose quartz procedure.

Ten-day courses of laser therapy also help small patients. Another effective way that helps to improve nasal breathing after the second session is breathing exercises according to the Buteyko method.

Nose quartz

Folk remedies

Before using any traditional medicine, it is recommended to consult a specialist. Some recipes can harm inflamed nasopharyngeal tonsils with the wrong approach to treatment. In addition, the selection of a suitable composition will depend both on the individual characteristics of the patient's body and on the stage of the disease.

Popular home remedies include:

1. Salt wash. 1 tsp Pour sea salt into a glass of boiling water, stir thoroughly until the crystals are completely dissolved. Add 2 drops of iodine. Cool to room temperature. Rinse the nasopharynx twice a day for 10 days.
2. Mix oak bark (20 g), St. John's wort (10 g), mint leaves (10 g). Pour a glass of boiling water and cook on the slowest fire for 3 minutes. Let it brew for 1 hour. Strain through cheesecloth. For 14 days, instill 4 drops of decoction into each nostril into the patient's nose (repeat the procedure twice a day).
3. antiseptic oils. The treatment consists of three consecutive courses, each lasting 14 days (42 in total). In the first two weeks, three drops of eucalyptus oil are instilled into each nostril of the patient three times a day. The next 14 days use sea buckthorn oil. The treatment is completed with a course of cedar oil or tea tree oil.

Surgery

Adenoid vegetation is sometimes subject to surgical removal. It is carried out at stages 2-3 of the disease, when pathological changes pose a threat to the life and health of the patient, as well as in the absence of the effect of the use of conservative methods of treatment.

Adenotomy is performed by laser resection. This technique has a number of advantages:

• fast recovery;
• low level of trauma;
• excision is highly accurate;
• the ability to carry out endoscopic control;
• the laser has a cauterizing effect, due to which the risk of bleeding becomes minimal;
• less painful way.

Prevention of adenoids in children

There is no specific prevention of the growth of adenoids in a child. To prevent disease, attention must be paid to strengthening the body's natural defenses.

To do this, it is important to constantly monitor the microclimate in the children's room (humidity is especially important), to avoid overheating and hypothermia.

Hardening will help prevent a number of diseases, including adenoids. You need to regularly walk in the fresh air, physical activity, a full and varied diet are useful. If the pathology has already developed, then you need to seek help from a qualified specialist as soon as possible - then there is a chance to cure adenoids with conservative methods and avoid complications.

Weak immune properties of the child's body leads to frequent respiratory diseases of various etiologies. The diagnosis of adenoids in a child from 2 years of age is the most common conclusion of an otolaryngologist.

Pathological vegetations bring discomfort, worsen respiratory functions and increase the risk of colds. The lack of adequate, timely therapy can lead to complications and the need for surgical intervention.

Pathological proliferation of lymphoid tissues of the nasopharyngeal tonsil leads to a painful condition that requires immediate treatment. The diagnosis of adenoids in a child from 2 years of age can be made due to persistent nasal congestion. The intermediate region between the pharynx and the nose contains the tonsil, which is part of the pharyngeal ring.

The main function of the lymphoid tissues of the nasopharynx is to protect the body from pathogenic microbes that cause diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Spongy substance produces lymphocytes for the formation of persistent immune properties.

Enlarged pharyngeal tonsils indicate pronounced inflammatory processes. In a large number of cases, adenoids in a 2-year-old child are hypertrophied against the background of the underlying respiratory disease, acting only as a concomitant pathology.

The development of infection can lead to chronic deformities that interfere with normal respiratory functions. Modern methods for diagnosing adenoids make it possible to identify pathological vegetations in the early stages and eliminate the problem with the help of drug therapy.

Adenoids appear in a child from 2 years of age and completely atrophy at the age of 10-12 years. A frequently ill baby, according to Dr. Komarovsky, is the most susceptible to the disease and is at risk.

Why do adenoids enlarge?

Before treating adenoids in a child of 2 years old, it is necessary to find out the etiological factors that provoked the pathological proliferation of lymphoid tissue. A slight increase in the tonsil can be observed during the period of respiratory diseases. In the case when improvement does not occur after a week, you should consult a doctor with children, study the causes and symptoms of adenoids.

Contributing factors for severe inflammation of the adenoids are:

1. Colds. Frequent acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections with weakened immune properties of the child's body do not allow the nasopharyngeal tonsils to return to normal sizes. Permanent swelling of tissues leads to irreversible deformations and growth. A child is susceptible to a pathological condition, when visiting a children's room, or a garden, forced to contact with sources of infection.
2. infectious diseases. Pathological enlargement of the adenoids often accompanies the symptoms of many diseases of infectious etiology. Monitor breathing functions, if the child cannot breathe through the nose, there is no discharge, the cause may be an increase in lymphoid tissue. Adenoid vegetations can manifest themselves against the background of measles, scarlet fever, influenza, whooping cough, diphtheria, rubella. The child is diagnosed for infection, the necessary laboratory tests are carried out.
3. Allergic reactions. Constant irritation of the mucous membranes of the nasopharyngeal ring under the influence of allergens leads to severe inflammation of the tonsil tissues. Various food products, dust, animal hair, pollen, chemicals can act as agents.
4. Complications in the perinatal period. Pathological conditions of the expectant mother during the period of gestation can affect the appearance of adenoids at an early age in a child. Injuries, hypoxia, bad habits, antibiotics can cause tonsil vegetation. Also, the lack of breastfeeding leads to the lack of formation of immune antibodies in the second year of a baby's life.
5. Weak immune properties of the child's body. The lack of a daily regimen, a balanced diet, outdoor walks and timely treatment of respiratory diseases leads to a chronic course of infectious diseases. Dry air, poor ecology, dustiness of the premises and the presence of harmful dyes, preservatives, flavors in the menu have a negative effect on the child's body.
6. Heredity. The growth of lymphoid tissue can be genetically determined. Hereditary predisposition is called lymphatism. In the future, thyroid dysfunction may develop. The child has lethargy, apathy and rapid weight gain.

Find out how to cure adenoids in a child 2 years, you should initially undergo an examination, establish a diagnosis, and only then select an adequate course of therapy. After consultation, the specialist will determine the appointment, taking into account the individual characteristics of the body, possible contraindications and the age of the child.

Colds

How to understand that a child has adenoids

The symptomatology of the inflammatory process in the region of the nasopharyngeal tonsil is pronounced. A doctor with an external examination can immediately establish a diagnosis. The main signs of adenoids in a child 2 years life:

• nasal breathing is difficult, or completely absent;
• psychosomatic disorders (irritability, sleep disturbance, general weakness and poor health);
• weight loss while breastfeeding;
• decreased sense of smell;
• nocturnal attacks of suffocation;
• drying of the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx, barking cough;
• frequent inflammatory processes in the bronchi, throat (the air is not cleaned and warmed in the sinuses, getting immediately into the respiratory tract);
• complaints of pain in the ear, otitis media;
• hyperthermia and abundant secretion of mucus from the nose (acute adenoiditis).

The doctor carefully examines the nasal passages of two-year-old children using a special opening tool. The inner surface of the child's throat in the region of the tonsils is also examined. The baby, swallowing, sets the soft palate in motion, causing a slight vibration of the adenoid vegetations.

The use of a modern endoscope allows you to study the condition, determine the size and degree of growth, identify mucus or blood on the surface of tissues. Degrees of adenoids: the first - 1/3 of the nasal passage is closed; the second is the impossibility of nasal breathing in a horizontal position, the third is complete respiratory dysfunction through the nose.

At 2 years of age, the treatment of adenoids provides for several options for therapy. The appointment depends on the severity of the disease. The third stage of pathology development requires surgical intervention.

Nocturnal attacks of suffocation.

Medical treatment of adenoids

It is important to start treatment in a timely manner, systematically following the doctor's recommendations. At the first and second stages of the growth of lymphoid tissue, a positive outcome is possible when using medications. In the case of an increase in adenoids against the background of another respiratory disease, it will be necessary to initially eliminate the underlying pathology.

Medical treatment involves the use of:

1. Antihistamines. Effectively relieve swelling of the tissues of the tonsils and nasopharyngeal mucosa. Lordes, Zodak, Zirtek, Suprastin are prescribed according to the age of the small patient.
2. vasoconstrictor. Pharmacological form - sprays, or drops (Sanorin, Naphthyzin, Rinazolin). Eliminate the symptoms without providing a pronounced therapeutic effect. Use for more than 5 days is not recommended.
3. Solutions and sprays for washing. Aquamaris, Morimer, Humer, or ordinary salt water will help moisturize the mucous membrane, eliminate mucus, pathogenic microorganisms on the adenoids, and reduce inflammation.
4. Hormonal drugs. They are used exclusively as prescribed by the doctor in accordance with the instructions. Means can be addictive (Flix, Nasonex, Hydrocartisone).
5. antiseptic drugs. They effectively fight inflammation of bacterial, infectious etiology (Protorgol, Isofra, Sofradex).

Sinupret will help eliminate sinusitis. Effective moisturizing will provide oil-based products (Pinosol). Medical treatment should be comprehensive. It is important to maintain the protective properties of the child's body at the proper level with the help of immunomodulators, vitamin complexes.

Preparations for the treatment of adenoids.

home remedies for adenoids

At home, in the early stages of the disease, traditional medicine can be used. Natural formulations can eliminate inflammation, reduce swelling and alleviate the condition of the child. You should first consult with your doctor, excluding possible allergic reactions.

Home Remedies:

• washing the sinuses with a solution of sea salt;
• the use of fish oil;
• instillation of beetroot juice with honey (2:1);
• use a drop of fir oil in each nostril (3-4 times a day);
• thuja oil is instilled at night (6-8 drops);
• washing with a solution of soda and 10% alcohol tincture of propolis (200 ml of water, ¼ teaspoon of soda, 15-20 drops of propolis tincture).

Regular washings will help clear the nasopharynx from the accumulation of mucus, bacteria and viruses. Moderate exposure to funds does not cause discomfort during the procedures, allows you not to harm the delicate mucous membrane of the child.

Washing the nose with sea salt.

Herbs and fees for the treatment of adenoids

The expediency of using homeopathic recipes can only be determined by a doctor, based on the condition of the child and the stage of development of the pathology. Proven formulations will help to safely normalize the size of the tonsils. It is important to adhere to the dosages in the preparation, strictly following the recommendations.

Effective herbs and fees:

• a decoction of walnut pericarp (6-8 drops, three times a day, a course of 20 days);
• a mixture of oregano, coltsfoot, herb succession (1:1:2, insist in a thermos, add a drop of fir oil, rinse twice a day);
• alcohol tincture on anise herbs (100 ml of alcohol, 15 g of dry collection, leave for 10 days, dilute 1: 3, instill 10 drops three times a day);
• healing solution of mummy (4 tablets 0.25 dissolve with water, add 3 tablespoons of physical solution, 3 tablespoons of glycerin, insist 7 days, instill nose three times a day, course 3 months).

Therapy of adenoid vegetations at the age of two does not involve the use of radical methods. The regenerating properties of lymphoid tissues and frequent respiratory diseases can lead to relapse. It is recommended to use a comprehensive treatment of pathology, combining healing recipes of traditional medicine and conservative methods of therapy.

Decoction of walnut pericarp.

How else to cure adenoids

In some cases, due to individual intolerance to medications, alternative treatments for adenoids may be required. It is useful for a child to do inhalation procedures. You can use a modern device - a nibulizer, or perform traditional respiratory manipulations on a steaming container.

As a therapeutic solution, antiseptic preparations, decoctions of medicinal herbs, salt or alkaline water are used. It is important to breathe through the nasal passages. In addition, physiotherapy procedures can be carried out. With the growth of lymphoid tissues, electrophoresis, UHF, laser therapy effectively cope.

Trips to the sea or to the mountains will also have a general healing effect and strengthen the immune properties of the body. Walks in coniferous forests, courses of treatment in salt caves will have a positive effect. Massage manipulations and breathing exercises contribute to increased blood flow in the nasopharyngeal zone.

It is important to carry out the therapy of inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system in a timely manner, to ensure a balanced diet. Hardening and regular walks in the fresh air will improve the general condition and increase the body's resistance to the effects of infectious agents. Chronic lesions can lead to irreversible enlargement of the adenoids.

Removal of adenoids

Surgical treatment of adenoids is indicated in the third stage of the development of the disease. Modern methods of operations and equipment allow manipulations without risk to the life of the child. Complications with the release of pus, otitis media, asthma attacks, negatively affect the general condition of the baby and require the elimination of the problem.

Contraindications to the surgical procedure for removing adenoids are pathologies of the cardiovascular system, anomalies of the palate, and the presence of malignant neoplasms. It is not recommended to perform operations during periods of exacerbation of colds and a difficult epidemiological situation. An alternative would be to place the child after surgery in quarantine.

Removal of adenoids by laser.

Komarovsky on the treatment of adenoids in children

According to Komarovsky, the problem of adenoids can be completely eliminated only with the help of surgical intervention. It is available to avoid chronic conditions with strict adherence to the rules and recommendations of the doctor:

1. Timely treatment of colds. It is important to carry out complex therapy, in accordance with the prescribed course, despite the improvement. Diseases that are not cured to the end can lead to a chronic course and cause complications. Adenoids will return to normal only when the child's body is healthy.
2. Accommodations. Regular ventilation, air humidification and absence of dust must be mandatory. The correct atmosphere of the room and plenty of drink to moisturize the nasopharyngeal mucosa will help to avoid pathological vegetations of the tonsil.
3. General preventive measures. Strengthening immunity, proper nutrition and hardening, according to Komarovsky, will help to avoid unpleasant consequences, complications and the development of adenoiditis.

The doctor recommends that you immediately seek specialized help in a medical institution with complete dysfunction of nasal breathing, sleep disturbance due to attacks of suffocation, snoring, with frequent otitis media and the first signs of facial deformity.

The danger of proliferation of lymphoid tissues persists in the period from 4 to 7 years. In the future, the risk decreases due to the gradual atrophy of the adenoid vegetations. Violation of the immune functions of the lymphoid tissue can lead to the spread of the inflammatory process and requires timely and adequate therapy.

Even a slight increase in the tonsils requires timely and proper treatment. A high level of immune properties of the child's body, a balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle will help prevent pathological processes of adenoid enlargement.

The video tells about what adenoids are in a 2-year-old child, how to treat adenoids in a 2-year-old child.