Home preparation of children for school: developmental tasks, games, exercises, tests. Psychological and emotional preparation of children for school: testing. Guidelines for preparing children for school

Your child is 5-6 years old. It is time to prepare him for the first serious test in his life - admission to school. Parents have many questions that are not always easy to find answers. The books collected in this section will help answer the questions that arise and properly prepare the child for school.
Here you will find books that contain tests for children 6-7 years old. With their help, you can assess the development of the child, find out if your child is behind or ahead of their peers. Tasks are collected in the following sections: speech and speech development, fiction, preparation for literacy, development of mathematical concepts, nature, fine arts, motor skills, physical development. With the help of tests you will also be able to assess the development of attention, memory and thinking of your child.
Here you will find books that will help your child learn to read. First of all, these are primers and alphabets intended for teaching preschool children to read. Remember that it is the older preschool age that is most favorable for the start of learning to read. In each specific book you will find detailed recommendations on how best to deal with a child.
If your child has impaired pronunciation of certain sounds, then it is best to teach him to read with the help of a special speech therapy primer. In such a primer, children first learn letters and sounds that are least likely to cause difficulties in pronunciation.
A variety of workbooks and books containing interesting and unusual tasks that your baby will be happy to perform are also used to teach and consolidate reading skills.
Development of mathematical representations also important in preparing for school. In workbooks and playbooks for children aged 5-7, you will find tasks with which the child will learn numbers, mathematical signs, geometric shapes, master the composition of numbers, quantitative and ordinal counting up to 10, learn how to add and subtract numbers within 10.
In this section you will also find various manuals. for the development of fine motor skills in older preschool children. These are fascinating graphic dictations for boys and girls, with the help of which the child will learn to navigate on a sheet of paper, will be able to develop fine motor skills, attention and perseverance. These are coloring books, in which the child not only paints objects, but also traces straight, broken and wavy lines, first by dots, and then independently. These are labyrinths in which the child draws a line from one object to another. This includes learning to write in block letters, in which the child first circles the letters, and then writes them on his own and even begins to compose them into words. This is learning to write in capital letters.
We wish you success!

Kodolbenko E.A. This manual is intended for teaching preschool children tongue twisters and tongue twisters. Replacing words with a visual image contributes to quick memorization, develops memory, attention, and imagination. Download: “Encrypted tongue twisters….

E. Kolesnikova Series "Mathematical steps" This book is a continuation of the books "Mathematics for preschoolers 4-5 years old" and "Mathematics for preschoolers 5-6 years old." Download: “I make up numbers. Workbook for…

E. Kolesnikova Recommended by the Laboratory of Preschool Education and the Laboratory of Defectology of the Moscow Institute of Open Education. This is the fourth book of the author's program "From sound to letter." This workbook is designed to teach...

E. V. Kolesnikova This workbook is included in the author's program "Mathematical Steps" and is designed for joint work of an adult with a child of 4-6 years old. Tasks in a notebook form a visual image ...

Lomonosov school. This manual is intended to improve reading skills and techniques, the formation of grammatical speech skills and vocabulary enrichment. Most of the exercises are aimed at consolidating children's knowledge of vowels ...

When a child is prepared for learning, he takes the initiative in learning and extracurricular activities, he will not have difficulties in the process of studying and communicating with classmates. This article will help to prepare a child for school at home, to determine the level of his knowledge and motivational readiness.

Parents of future first graders are concerned about the question, is their child ready for school? After all, it is very important not only to send the baby to the first grade, but to do it on time - when the child is mentally ready to attend an educational institution and is sufficiently developed for this.

An error in determining the readiness of a child can be costly: unwillingness to attend an educational institution, refusal to learn lessons, depression, uncontrollable behavior - all this will be demonstrated by a first grader who finds himself at school “at the wrong time”. In order to avoid trouble and prevent psychological trauma in a child, parents should be very careful about matching the level of his knowledge and skills to modern requirements.

Requirements for preparing a child for school: a list

By now, a whole list of what a future first grader should know and be able to do is formed:

Confidently state your last name, first name and patronymic
Date of your birth
Home address
Name of mother and father (grandparents and other relatives - optional)
Place of work of parents
Famous poets and writers in the country
Holidays
Distinguish between the concepts: "forward - backward", "right - left"
Days of the week
Colors and shades
Seasons (with months)
Traffic rules on the road
Distinguish between domestic and wild animals, name their cubs
Name garden, forest, wild flowers
Name migratory and wintering birds
Distinguish fruit from vegetables
Know professions
Name the types of transport and the way it travels
Retell what you heard
Anwser the questions
Make up a story from a picture
invent fairy tales
recite poems by heart
Describe from memory
Copy text and picture
Finish sentences
Find an extra object, picture, word, letter
solve riddles
Count from 0 to 10 and back
Know the composition of numbers
Distinguish between "more" and "less"
Know the shapes
write in cells
Know letters, distinguish them from sounds
Identify the first and last letter (sound) in a word
Choose words starting with the given letter
Read simple words and syllables
Know when a sentence ends
Outline
hold a pen

Despite the fact that a child should learn many of the listed skills in elementary school, testing before entering the first grade is carried out precisely on these points.

Cognitive interest, quick reaction, non-standard and logical thinking will be formed by a preschooler if you regularly conduct mathematical classes with him in a playful way.

In order for these lessons to bring benefit and joy to the child, parents should take into account:

child's age
level of training
ability to concentrate
interest in classes

Math classes These are not monotonous examples and tasks. To interest the child and diversify the lessons of mathematics, the following types of tasks should be used in working with preschoolers:

tasks with geometric shapes
mathematical riddles
tasks are jokes
puzzles

IMPORTANT: Any task should be selected individually, taking into account its degree of complexity and the level of development of the child.

Math Games

"Houses". Draw 3 three-story houses, each on a separate sheet. Draw 3 windows on each floor. Randomly draw curtains on some windows. Tell your child that people already live in apartments where there are curtains. Ask him to move people to the remaining floors so that there are equal numbers of tenants on each floor. Let him finish the colorful curtains in the windows of those apartments where he settled people. Then ask them to count which house has more tenants.

"Drawings from geometric shapes". Draw any geometric shape on the sheet. Ask the child to come up with a drawing using the proposed figure in it. If the kid did not understand the task, show, for example, how easily a circle can turn into a sun, a snowman or a car wheel.

Connect the numbers. Ask your child to connect the numbers with lines. Explain that if he does this correctly, he will see the drawing. For younger children, use pictures up to 10; for older children, use more complex pictures up to 30 or 50.

IMPORTANT: Group activities increase the child's interest in what is happening. The sense of competition, strongly developed in preschool age in most children, will not allow the child to be distracted.

Match the numbers game

Entertaining math questions and puzzles:

How many legs do three cats have and how many legs do two birds have?
How many ears are in two mice?
Natasha's mother has a daughter, Masha, a cat, Fluff, and a dog, Druzhok. How many daughters does the mother have?
What is heavier: 1 kg of stones or 1 kg of down?

The bunny has five bunnies

They sit on the grass with their mother.

Another hare has three

They are all white, look!

What is three and five?

Pears fell to the ground from the branches

Pears cried, tears dropped

Katya collected them in a basket

I gave everything to my friends in the kindergarten:

Two Pavlushka, three Seryozhka,

Marinka and Arinka,

Masha, Nadia and Oksana

And one, of course, for my mother.

Count it fast

How many Katya's friends?

Five geese flew in the sky

The two decide to have lunch

And one is to take a break.

How many have gone on the road?

Brought mother hen

Seven chickens in the garden for a walk.

All chickens are like flowers.

Five sons, how many daughters?

Four blue plums

They hung on a tree.

Children ate two plums

And how many didn't make it?

IMPORTANT: Encourage the child's interest in such tasks, praise if he tries to come up with similar tasks on his own.

Preparing for school: developing reading tasks for children

Reading is one of the most important disciplines. The better a child learns to read, the easier it will be for him to study at school. The purpose of training- to explain to the child the principles and rules of reading, to achieve from the preschooler a confident reading of letters, syllables and short words.

IMPORTANT: Due to the fact that information is perceived by young children in a slightly different way than adults, it is necessary to teach reading only in a playful way.

Child Reading Plan simple enough:

Memorize the letters with your child in this order: all vowels, hard voiced consonants, deaf and hissing consonants.
Achieve fast and error-free identification of letters.
Teach your child to read sounds, that is, to pronounce the letters already familiar to him together. Start with easy-to-read and pronounce syllables (na, ma, la, yes) and gradually move on to more complex ones (zhu, ku, gu, pho).
Move on to reading short and simple syllable words (ma-ma, ba-ba, o-la, cat, house).
Every day, complicate the task a little, enter a few difficult words.
When the child learns to read words, move on to reading short sentences.
After the child learns to read in sentences, you can use various developmental tasks in teaching.

IMPORTANT: During classes, make sure the pronunciation of sounds is clear, explain where in the sentence you need to pause between words.

Game "Find the word". Invite the child to look for a certain word in a small unfamiliar text. Moreover, this must be done in a certain time (for example, in one minute).

"Loud, quiet, to yourself". Ask your child to read quieter, louder, or silently. According to your instructions, he should switch from one type of reading to another as quickly as possible. Make sure that the pace of reading does not change.

"Syllables on cards". Write the syllables on the cards so that you can make words out of them. Ask your child to help the lost syllables find their friends and form words. Play the game daily, gradually adding new syllables.

"Vowels consonants". Have the child name or write as many consonants as possible in 30 seconds, and then vowels.

"Answers on questions". Prepare a few simple questions about the text. Invite the child to find answers to these questions while reading the text.

"Reading with interference". Teach your child to read regardless of the environment. Turn on music or TV briefly while reading. Make sure that the child continues to read without paying attention to the change in the sound background.

Letter size. Reading texts with different fonts should not be a problem for a child. To do this, daily invite him to print and read letters of different sizes on his own.

"Words are twists". Show your child words that change their meaning when read the other way around: “cat - current”, “cart - call”, etc. Explain that you should always read from left to right.

"Reading Through Teeth". Complicate the usual daily reading with an unusual fun task: the child must read without opening his teeth. After reading the text, you need to retell it.

"Missed a Letter". Write 5 - 10 words he knows, in each of which skip one letter. Ask the future first grader to fill in the missing letters in the words.

"Similar Words" Write several pairs of words similar in spelling, but different in meaning: “cat - whale”, “hand - river”, “house - smoke”. Have your child read the pairs and explain the meaning of each word.

"Reading in a Minute". Invite your child to read the same text “at speed” every day. Pay attention that every day he reads faster and more clearly, and in the allotted minute he moves further and further. For clarity, it is better to use an hourglass.

Sometimes children have difficulty completing developmental reading tasks. This happens for the following reasons:

Uncertainty. To make sure that the syllable or word is read correctly, the child rereads it several times in a row.
Scattered attention. Preschoolers quickly lose interest in what they consider to be boring activities.
Lack of concentration. The child cannot perceive the whole word, but concentrates attention only on the first few letters or syllables.
Small vocabulary. Unfamiliar words the child pronounces uncertainly when reading.
Bad memory. The child does not remember letters, sounds, forgets the principle of formation of syllables and words.
Violations of the speech apparatus, chronic diseases of the ENT organs (otitis media, enlarged tonsils).

Video: How to teach a child to read?

Preparing for school, developing tasks for children in writing

The greatest difficulties for all first-graders without exception arise when performing graphic tasks. This happens for three reasons:

lack of interest in the child
hand muscle immaturity
inexperience

To facilitate the process of mastering writing at school, parents should begin to engage with the child from an early age. Game developing tasks will help to interest a preschooler.

"Labyrinth". Invite your child to find a way out of the maze for a mouse running away from a cat, or for a hare that has lagged behind its mother. With a pen or pencil, you need to show the animal the right path.

"Draw a picture." Draw a bouquet of flowers and invite the child to draw a vase for the bouquet, let him put fish in an empty aquarium, and draw a door in the house. The more similar tasks the child completes, the more confidently he will hold a pencil in his hands.

"Drawing by dots". Ask the child to connect the dots together in such a way that a drawing is obtained. If your child has difficulty completing this task, tell him.

"Hatching". Ask your child to do any exercises where you need to shade the drawing. These tasks are required for practicing graphic movements. During execution, make sure that the lines are directed from top to bottom, from left to right.

IMPORTANT: The development of fine motor skills in children is facilitated by modeling, games with mosaics, constructor, beads, finger gymnastics.

When the child learns to confidently hold a pencil in his hands, invite him to trace along the dotted line. You can immediately circle funny children's pictures, then letters or their elements.

Preparing for school: developing tasks for the speech development of children

You can easily and naturally develop speech in a child with the help of fun tasks and exciting games.

"Impromptu". Prepare 5 - 7 cards with situations or actions familiar to the child depicted on them. Lay the cards face down in front of the child. Invite him to choose any card and ask him to come up with a story based on it. To make the child interested, you can involve other family members in the task and arrange a competition for the best story.

"Associations". Show the child a picture that shows some action familiar to him (birds fly south, a woman buys bread, children go to kindergarten, etc.). Ask the child to name the words that he associates with the image in the picture.

Adjective game. Ask the child to form adjectives from the provided words by answering the questions: “what”, “what”, “what”?

Light (light, light, light)
home (home, home, home)
Wood (wood, wood, wood)
Iron (iron, iron, iron)
Snow (snowy, snowy, snowy)
Sand (sandy, sandy, sandy)

Synonyms and antonyms. Ask the child to choose words similar and opposite in meaning to randomly taken adjectives.

Regular speech therapy exercises will help to achieve purity of pronunciation of sounds:

"Angry cat". The child's mouth is open, the tongue rests on the lower teeth, while arching the way a cat arches its back when angry.

"Pencil". Place the pencil in front of the child, at the level of his lips, on any hard flat surface. Ask the child to place the edge of the tongue on the lower lip and in this position blow hard on the pencil. The exercise is considered completed if the pencil rolls.

"Nut". The child rests the tongue on the right cheek, then on the left. At the same time, the mouth is closed, the muscles of the cheeks and tongue are tense.

"Snake". The mouth is open. The child puts forward and hides the tongue so that it does not touch either the lips or the teeth.

"Watch". The lips of the child are parted, smiling. The tip of the tongue touches either the right or the left corners of the lips.

"Toothbrush". Use the tip of your tongue to imitate the actions of a toothbrush. Thus, it is necessary to “clean” the lower and upper teeth, inside and out. It is important that the lower jaw remains motionless.

"Fence". The child shows a “fence” of teeth for 10-15 seconds, smiling as wide as possible for this.

IMPORTANT: If you cannot correct the pronunciation of some sounds on your own, parents should contact a speech therapist.

Home preparation of children for school: educational games

Home preparation for school involves systematic activities of parents with the child. It is important to give a preschooler at least a few hours a day, turning everyday activities and ordinary walks together into exciting games. Parents should show imagination, find an individual approach to their child, act according to his interests.

Here are just a few options for joint educational games with a preschooler:

"Give me a number." During the walk, ask the child to call the numbers of houses and passing vehicles indicated on the plates.

"How many trees?" Together, count all the trees that come across your path while walking. You can also count cars passing by, all or a certain color (size, brand).

"Who switched places?" Place 8 - 10 soft toys in front of the child, ask him to look at them carefully, and then turn away. Swap a few toys during this time. When the child turns around, let him try to guess who has changed places.

"Favorite cartoon" Watch your favorite cartoon with your child. Ask questions about its content, ask the child to tell what it is about.

"A Tale for Grandma". Read the story to your child. Ask to tell your grandmother (dad, aunt, sister) what this fairy tale is about, describe the characters, their appearance and character.

Regular modeling, drawing, playing puzzles and mosaics will captivate the child and, at the same time, contribute to the development of fine motor skills of the fingers.

IMPORTANT: Do not rush the child, do not get angry if something does not work out for him right away. Educational games should not only educate the child, but also become entertainment for him.

Home preparation of children for school: developmental exercises

Developing exercises with preschoolers can be performed not only in a notebook, sitting at a desk, but also on the street. Outdoor lessons will please and be remembered for a long time by every child.

"Seasons".

Take a walk with your child autumn alley. Show the future student the colorful leaves of different trees. Tell us about the seasons and the changes in nature that occur with the onset of autumn, winter, spring and summer. Let the child choose some beautiful leaves and keep them at home, between the pages of a thick book. When the leaves are dry, have your child trace them on a piece of paper and color them in.
AT snowy winter days go out together to feed the sparrows and titmouse. Tell your child about wintering and migratory birds. At home, ask to draw those birds that you liked the most.
spring Show your child the first blooming flowers. Tell that flowers are field, forest, garden. Ask to perform a sound analysis of the words: “rose”, “snowdrop”, “buttercup”, “forget-me-not”.
During summer walks Draw your child's attention to rising temperatures outside. Explain what summer and winter clothes are. Let the child name the clothes to wear in summer, autumn, winter and spring. At home, ask your child to draw summer.

"Application of cereals and pasta". Invite your child to make an application using rice, buckwheat, pasta, semolina, peas and other cereals. Such exercises are good for developing fine motor skills. In the work, use PVA glue.

"Snowflakes". Teach your child how to cut snowflakes. On a piece of paper folded 4 and 8 times, ask him to cut out different geometric shapes. Expand the snowflakes and evaluate the result.

Fruits and vegetables from plasticine. Show your child how to easily mold fruits and vegetables from multi-colored plasticine. Immediately the child must roll the ball, and already turn it into the desired fruit or vegetable. The easiest way to make a bunch of grapes, beets or carrots is a little more difficult.

Developing lesson "Seasons"

Psychological and emotional preparation of children for school: tasks, games, exercises

The onset of school life implies that the preschool period is over. Children have to quickly adapt to new conditions, get used to the workload, get to know teachers and classmates.

To make the adaptation period as easy as possible, parents and teachers try to prepare the child for the upcoming changes in life. The most successful group games and exercises.

"One Color". Two groups of children need to find the largest number of objects of the same color in 10 seconds. The group that finds the most items wins.

"Magic Circle". Children are offered to trace a circle according to the pattern and draw any geometric shapes in such a way that a drawing is obtained. When everyone copes with the task, the teacher organizes a drawing competition.

"Repeats". In a group of children from 5 to 7 people, a leader is chosen. The leader comes forward and shows the children any position. Children try to copy this pose. The new leader becomes the one who managed to cope with the task better than the others.

"Well no". Instead of answering "yes" or "no" to the questions proposed by the teacher, a group of children clap or stomp. You need to agree in advance with the guys that “yes” means clapping, and “no” means stamping your feet. Questions can be chosen arbitrarily, for example:

"Flowers grow in the field?" and "Flowers fly in the sky?"
"Hedgehog carries an apple?" and “Does a hedgehog climb trees?”

"Meow, woof." Children sit on chairs. The leader, with his eyes closed, walks next to the children, then sits on the hands of one of the sitting children and tries to guess who it is. If the presenter guessed correctly, the child says "meow", if he made a mistake - "woof".

IMPORTANT: Such activities and games help to form communication skills in preschoolers, develop confidence in their own abilities and capabilities, adequate self-esteem, and independence.

You can independently determine whether a child is ready to enter school with the help of a few simple tests, the results of which can be trusted.

Test "Draw a school"

Give your child a sketchbook and colored pencils. Ask a future first grader to draw his school. Do not prompt the child, do not help, do not ask leading questions, do not rush. Let him independently draw on paper the school that seems to him.

plot
drawing lines
color spectrum

Plot:

2 points- the school is located in the center of the sheet, the picture also contains decorations and decor, trees, bushes, flowers around the school, students and (or) teachers going to school. At the same time, it is important that the figure depicts the warm season and daylight hours.

0 points- the drawing is asymmetrical (the school building is located close to one of the edges of the sheet), there are no people in the drawing or sad children leaving the school are depicted; outdoors autumn or winter, night or evening.

1 point

Drawing lines:

2 points– lines of objects without breaks, carefully drawn, even and confident, have different thicknesses.

0 points- the lines are fuzzy, weak or careless, the drawing is sketchy; double or broken lines are used.

1 point- the figure contains elements of both characteristics.

Color spectrum:

2 points- the predominance of bright and light colors.

0 points- drawing in gloomy colors.

1 point There are both dark and light colors in the picture.

The sum of the points indicates the readiness of the child for school:

5 to 6- the child is ready for school, he has a favorable attitude towards the learning process, will interact with teachers and classmates.

0 to 1- the child is not ready for school, a strong fear will prevent him from studying normally, communicating with classmates and the teacher.

It will help to determine whether the child is focused on attending school, the educational process, whether he imagines himself a schoolboy in the near future. Nezhenova test.

IMPORTANT: This test should only be administered to children who are already attending preparatory courses at school or who are familiar with the learning process.

For each of the questions presented, there are three possible answers: A, B, C.

BUT- orientation to study, estimated at 2 points

B- orientation to learning is superficial, not completely formed, attracted by the external bright attributes of school life - 1 point

AT- there is no orientation to school and learning, the child prefers extracurricular activities - 0 points

Ask your child the following questions, asking them to choose an answer from three options:

Do you want to go to school?

Ah yes, very

B - I'm not sure, I don't know, I doubt

B - no, I don't want to

Why do you want to go to school, what are you interested in there?

B - I want them to buy me a beautiful briefcase, notebooks and a uniform, I want new textbooks

B - school is fun, there are changes, I will have new friends, I'm tired of kindergarten

How are you getting ready for school?

A - I learn letters, read, write prescriptions, solve examples and problems

B - parents bought a uniform, briefcase or other school attributes

B - I draw, play, sculpt from plasticine

What do you like about school?

A - lessons, classes in the classroom

B - changes, teacher, new desks, type of school and other things that are not directly related to the process of learning and gaining knowledge

B - a lesson in physical education and (or) drawing

If you didn't go to school or kindergarten, what would you do at home?

A - read, wrote letters and numbers, solved problems

B - played constructor and drew

B - took care of a cat (or other pet), walked, helped mom

0 – 4 - the child does not realize that he will go to school, does not show interest in the upcoming education

5 – 8 - there is a superficial interest in the learning process, is the initial stage in the formation of the student's position

9 – 10 - the attitude towards school is positive, the child feels like a schoolboy.

Diagnostics of the general preparation of children for school: tests

Diagnostics of the general preparation of children for school is carried out by a psychologist using special tests. Here is some of them:

Test "Yes - No". The psychologist asks the child to answer questions in any way, the main thing is that he does not use the words “Yes” and “No”. The child tries to find the right words, is focused on not breaking the rules, so his answers will be as truthful as possible.

Do you want to go to school?
Do you love fairy tales?
Do you love cartoons?
Do you want to stay in the kindergarten?
Do you like to play?
Do you want to study?
Do you love to get sick?
You have friends?
Do you know what time of year it is?

When evaluating the results, the teacher determines whether the answer satisfies the rules of the task. Answers: “yes” or “no” are not a mistake. One mistake = 1 b. All answers are correct - 0 b.

0 – 2 - attention is well developed

3 -5 - moderately or poorly developed

5 – 10 - poor attention

Definition of motivational readiness. The psychologist asks a series of questions, gives the child time to think and reason, helps, in case of difficulties:

State your name and age
Name, patronymic and surname of mom and dad
Where do you live?
Name your family members
What are you interested in in your city?
What to do if you see a person who has fallen?
When do buds and leaves appear on trees?
Why is an army needed?
How and where do you cross the road? This is right?
How do you know if it has rained recently?
Why do you need ears and a nose?
Do you want to go to school? What will you do there?
How many days in a week?
How many seasons? Months? name them
Your favorite and least favorite professions
What do you like to watch on TV?
What country do you live in? What other countries do you know?
If you broke your knee and bled, what should you do?
What utensils do you have in the kitchen?
What products do you know?
Which animals are domestic and which are wild? What is the difference?
What is a day? Night?
If you borrowed a toy from a friend and lost it, what would you do?
Count from 1 to 10 and back, name the number that comes before 5 and after 8
What is greater than 2 or 3?
What's cool about school?
How do you behave when visiting?
Why are children not allowed to play with matches and fire?
What does it mean: “Do you like to ride, love to carry sleds”?
How are people different from animals?
What do they pay money for in the store, on the bus, at the cinema?
Who is Gagarin?
What will you do if you see the house burning?

When evaluating the results, the child's ability to reason, conduct a conversation is assessed.

"Snake". Test to determine the level of development of fine motor skills. In 30 seconds, the child must draw dots in circles. The more he manages to leave points, the better. One point = 1 point. When calculating points, only those points that fall into the circle are taken into account. Points on the boundary are not counted.

34 or more- excellent development

18 – 33 - above average

12 – 17 - insufficient development

11 and under- low level, unsatisfactory result.

If the psychologist after the tests comes to the conclusion that the child needs to stay in the kindergarten for another year, parents should listen to the opinion of a specialist. Perhaps this year will change a lot in the life of the child, during this time he is aware of his role in school, will show interest in gaining knowledge.

Video: Preparing for school, preparing children for school, preparing a child for school

Preparation for school. Learning to read.

6-7 years old. According to modern physiologists, psychologists, speech therapists, teachers, this age for most children is the most favorable for the active development of perception, attention, memory, and thinking. A child at this age is physiologically ready for developmental learning, he has a desire to learn. An older preschooler is already able and willing to study, shows great interest in organized forms of classes related to the assimilation of knowledge, skills and abilities. It is the senior preschool age for most children that is the most effective for starting learning to read. This does not mean that all children will master reading skills to the same extent, but it is already necessary to start practicing with them.

Another important question. Can reading classes be harmful to a child? They can - in the event that the adult organizing these classes does not take into account the age and individual characteristics of the child, overloads him with educational tasks instead of the natural activity for a preschooler - games, sets the goal in itself to teach the child to read at any cost.

The first rules required for successful learning to read:

Play! The game is the natural state of the preschooler, the most active form of knowledge of the world, the most effective form of learning. The education of a preschooler should take place, as it were, by the way, in a game situation, in an atmosphere of exciting business.

Maintain interest in classes, use a variety of games and manuals.

Rather, it is not the duration of classes that matters, but their frequency. Be consistent in learning to read.

Your directions and instructions should be short but concise - a preschool child is not capable of taking long instructions.

Start learning to read only if the child's oral speech is sufficiently developed. If the child's speech is replete with errors in word coordination, in the syllabic structure of words, or defects in sound pronunciation, you should first contact a speech therapist.

Mastering reading requires a lot of mental and physical stress from the child. Therefore, at each lesson, be sure to combine training exercises with warm-ups (physical minutes, finger gymnastics, outdoor games, and everything that your fantasy tells you).

The unwillingness of the child to engage is a sign that the adult has exceeded the capabilities of the child. Stop and think what went wrong?

A child is not a smaller copy of an adult. The child has the right not to know and not to be able! Be patient!

Don't compare your child's progress to other children's. The pace of learning to read is individual for each child.

Every child has their own way of learning to read. Try to find exactly those techniques and methods of work that correspond to his individual characteristics.

Never start classes if you or your child are in a bad mood: such classes will not bring success!

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

"Preparing a child for school" test

Psychological and pedagogical aspects of the personal readiness of children of senior preschool age for school. The following questions were considered: preparing a child for school in the family; Pedagogical assistance to a kindergarten in preparing ...

Booklets "The benefits of drawing" and "Preparing a child for school"

In the booklets I have selected tips and advice for parents. Booklets can be handed out after the parent meeting on the relevant topic....

Does your kid absolutely not want to look at the letters in the alphabet?
The child will soon go to first grade, and you can force him to read only under the fear of "weaning" from the computer?
Do not know how to organize classes with a preschooler in such a way as to save your nerves and not completely discourage him from reading?

These and other problems in teaching preschoolers to read can be solved by organizing classes in a playful way. For preschool children, the game is the leading form of activity. Therefore, engaging with a preschooler by playing different games is the easiest and most effective way to teach him to read.

Before we talk about what games are best to play with a child when learning to read, we will give some general tips for organizing classes.

Practice regularly! Keep the classes short (5-10 minutes), but daily. This is much more effective for preschoolers than 45-minute lessons once a week.
Get busy everywhere. To learn to read, you do not have to sit the child at the table with books. You can learn letters in the park on a walk, drawing them with chalk on the pavement or looking at signs, helping your mother make cookies in the shape of letters, or studying the numbers of cars in the parking lot, etc.
Practice when your child feels good: he has had enough sleep, is active and ready for new games and activities.
Constantly create situations of success for your child, praise him more often, focus his attention on what he did, do not dwell on failures. Classes should be fun for the child!

And yet, what you definitely need to know when starting to learn to read - in an article on.

What games can be played at different stages of teaching preschoolers to read?

1. Learning letters.

If a child does not remember letters well, the best way to learn them is to “revive” them, to create a vivid association with each letter. You and your child can come up with what this or that letter looks like, or use a variety of materials from the Internet and modern alphabets.

For example, bright images of letters that are memorable for children can be found in Elena Bakhtina's primer (this book contains not only colorful pictures and recommendations on how to tell a child about each letter, but also colored templates - letters from this primer can be cut out and played with) .

On the Internet for children, you can find a lot of coloring pages with letters similar to a particular object.

It is also useful in the process of learning letters to repeat short verses that help memorize each letter:

You see the tail at the end
So this is the letter C.

The letter B is like a hippopotamus -
She has a big belly!

G looks like a goose -
The whole letter is bent.

D - a tall house with a roof!
We live in this house.

And the poor thing is the letter Y
Walks with a stick, alas!

In my work, I use various “reminders” that children associate with a particular letter. You can actively use them in home lessons or come up with your own.

It is very useful to have a special notebook or album in which the learned letter will “live” on each turn. In this album, you can also teach your child to write, stick pictures with him with words on the desired letter, put poems and coloring books, creating a selection of materials for each letter. Children are very interested in the process of joint creativity, so actively involve them in creating such an album.

Another option is to make a house for the letters. Choose any size: it can be very small, made from a couple of cardboard sheets, or huge, as high as a child. The main thing in it is special windows-pockets for letters. Set up a letter with your child in each “apartment” of the letter building. To do this, you will need cardboard letters, slightly smaller than each window. Mark in any way which apartments already have “residents”, and which are still empty.

Attach the already learned letters outside on the windows (using paper clips) and invite the child to arrange pictures with words into the studied letters in the windows. For example, “treat” the letters: give the child images of products that he must spread to the necessary “apartments”: put a watermelon / apricot in the box with the letter A, a long loaf, an eggplant in the box with the letter B, waffles \ grapes - with the letter C and etc.

Similarly, you can visit letters with fairy-tale characters (Pinocchio - to the letter B, Thumbelina - to the letter D, Mowgli - to the letter M, etc.), “put on” the letters (attribute the T-shirt to the letter F, jeans to the letter D, pants - the letter W, etc.).

The main goal in this game is to teach the child to identify the first letter in a word and easily recognize the letters already passed.

Various lottos and dominoes are also great for learning letters. Lotto is better to use without hint pictures, so learning will be much more effective. Such a loto can easily be done by yourself. To do this, prepare sheets with 6-8 pictures on each and cardboard cards with the necessary letters. Let the child draw cards, read the letters and show which of the players has a picture for the letter that has fallen out.

2. We add syllables.

Teaching a child to add syllables can take a little longer than learning letters. The child will have to repeat various syllables many, many times before he masters this skill. So that learning is not a burden for him, but a joy - we continue to play with him. Only now we play games with syllables. The main task of this stage is to teach the child to pronounce two letters together.

In addition to the syllabic bingo, which can be done in the same way as the letter bingo, you can use other homemade games for kids to teach them how to add syllables.

- Adventure games ("tracks").

Adventure games have been and remain one of the most exciting games for children. To make such a game with syllables, take the playing field from any board game. Write in the empty cells / circles various syllables (write in more than those that are difficult for the child). Then play according to the usual rules: roll the die and go through the cells, reading what is written on them. So the child will be able to read long enough tracks with syllables that he would “overcome” in an ordinary primer with great difficulty.

By analogy with rpg games, you can make various tracks with syllables, on which various vehicles will compete: who will pass the track without errors and as soon as possible. To do this, you will need cardboard / drawing paper, on which the track with syllables will be drawn, and toy cars / trucks / trains / airplanes. Remember that it is very easy to captivate children by adding a competitive moment in the classroom.

- Games "Shop" and "Mail".

Prepare coins - circles with written syllables, as well as goods - pictures with products / things that begin with these syllables. You first play as a seller: offer your child to buy something from you on the condition that he will offer the correct coin for the selected product (for example, he can buy cabbage for a coin with the syllable KA, kiwi - for a coin with the syllable KI, corn - for a coin with the syllable KU, etc.).

Then you can switch roles: you are the buyer, the child is the seller. He must carefully monitor whether you are giving coins correctly for the selected product. Make mistakes sometimes, let the child correct you. The buyer can also be any toy, invite the child to teach her to correctly name coins with syllables.

A very similar game is "Mail", but instead of coins you prepare envelopes with syllables, and instead of goods - pictures with animals or fairy-tale characters. The child will be a postman, he must guess from the first syllable written on the envelope - to whom the letter needs to be delivered. In this game, it is best to read syllables that begin with the same consonant so that the child does not guess the addressee by the first letter.

- Houses with syllables.

Draw several houses, write one syllable on each. Lay out the houses in front of the child. Then take a few figurines of little men and, naming the name of each of them, invite the child to guess who lives in what house (Vasya needs to be settled in a house with the syllable VA, Natasha - with the syllable HA, Lisa - with the syllable LI, etc.) .

Another version of this task: let the child himself come up with names for the little men, settle them in houses and write the first syllable of the name on each of them.

Prepare cardboard cards with syllables, cut them into two equal halves horizontally. The child must put these “puzzles” together and name the resulting syllables.

Take some cards with two-syllable words (for example, FEATHER, VASE, CLOCK, FISH). To the left of the picture, put the first syllable of the word. You need to read it clearly, and the child must choose the correct last syllable. 3-4 possible endings are laid out in front of the child.

More games for learning to read by syllables - in the article on.

3. We read words and sentences.

Learning to read words (and then sentences) involves the already active work of preschoolers with books, but this does not mean that we stop playing in the classroom. On the contrary, “dilute” learning with games as often as possible, switch from one type of activity to another so that the child is less tired and learning is more efficient. Remember: it is not enough to teach a child to read, it is important to instill in him a love of reading.
What games can be offered to parents of preschoolers at this stage of learning to read.

Lay out a path of words in front of the child. Invite him to choose only “edible” words (or what is green / what is round / only “living” words, etc.). If the path is long, you can read the words in turn with the child.

Spread the cut out traces with words around the room (you can use ordinary sheets). Invite the child to follow these tracks from one end of the room to the other: you can move on only by reading the word on which you are standing. The child walks on them himself or with his favorite toy.

- The game "Airport" or "Parking".

In this game we train mindfulness of preschoolers. Prepare several cards with very similar words so that the child does not guess the words, but carefully read them to the end (for example, MOUTH, HORN, GROWTH, HORN, ROSE, MOTHA, ROSA). Spread the cards around the room. These will be different airports/parking spaces. The child picks up an airplane (if you play at airports) or a car (if you have parking), after which you loudly and clearly name where exactly he needs to land / park.

- Chains of words in which only one letter changes.

Prepare sheets of paper or an easel. Start writing a chain of words one at a time - for each subsequent word, change only one letter, this will train the child for attentive, “tenacious” reading.

Examples of such chains:

KIT - CAT - MOUTH - ROS - NOSE - NOS - DOG.
BOARD - DAUGHTER - NIGHT - KIDNEY - KIDNEYS - BARREL - BARREL - BUMP.

Ball games, with your favorite toys, to school, hospital or kindergarten - include all this in the process of learning to read. Come up with active games yourself. Consider what the child is interested in and use this when you sit down to read with your child. Does your daughter love princesses? Ride the carriage along the paths with letters/syllables/words. Does your son love superheroes? Make a tutorial track for his favorite character. Invite your child to play school and teach his teddy bear to make two letters into a syllable.

Change games, carefully follow what the child likes and what he quickly gets tired of, and then learning will be a joy to you and him! Remember that it is not difficult to get preschoolers interested, they love to play and will be happy to help you come up with new games in the learning process.

Philologist, teacher of Russian language and literature, teacher of preschool education
Svetlana Zyryanova