Symptoms and therapy of exacerbation of peptic ulcer. Exacerbation of duodenal ulcer and methods of treatment at home

The stomach gives patients a lot of trouble, but if it independently violates the diet, the disease worsens. During an exacerbation of the ulcerative process, the risk of complications increases to the maximum, therefore, in this condition, patients need to be urgently hospitalized in order to successfully stop the acute condition of the ulcer under stationary conditions.

Causes of exacerbation of stomach ulcers

Ulcerative pathology can proceed quite calmly for a long period of time, without disturbing patients. But under the influence of provoking factors, an exacerbation occurs. Usually this is facilitated by such situations:

Change of seasons, for example, autumn or spring;
The use of harmful and prohibited products by the doctor;
Frequent depression and stressful situations;
Eating too cold or hot food;
Unhealthy diet, frequent overeating;
Heavy physical loads;
Frequent consumption of carbonated drinks, etc.

An exacerbation can be triggered by taking certain medications, for example, anti-inflammatory drugs such as Aspirin, Ketoprofen, Diclofenac, drugs of hormonal origin. These medications irritate the mucous membranes and increase stomach acidity.

Exacerbation during the off-season is associated with sharp temperature changes, jumps in atmospheric pressure. The condition of patients against the background of these changes worsens, neuroendocrine functions are upset, and vascular disorders develop. And in the spring, patients also suffer from a lack of vitamins and micronutrients, which reduces the body's resistance and provokes an exacerbation of existing chronic pathologies, including ulcers.

Symptoms

The presence of one symptom or several will help to assess the degree of exacerbation of peptic ulcer and timely understand the need and importance of contacting a specialist. If timely assistance is provided, then the patient will be limited only to drug therapy, without the intervention of surgeons.

The characteristic signs of an ulcer exacerbation are:

Pain that is acute. Usually, the localization of the pain syndrome is associated with the area of the solar plexus;
Heartburn. Refers to the most common manifestations of exacerbation and manifests itself in the form of a nasty burning sensation that occurs due to the effect of acid on the walls of the stomach, usually occurs a few hours after eating;
, which is associated with fear of pain, usually occurring after eating. In other words, the patient is simply afraid of pain, so he does not want to eat;
accompanied by vomiting, which is associated with impaired gastric motility. It usually starts a couple of hours after eating, which brings relief to the ulcer. Therefore, many patients independently induce vomiting;
Frequent, especially when gastric secretion enters the oral cavity. There is bitterness and acid in the mouth, which clearly indicates an exacerbation;
Gas formation and increased flatulence, a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen that occurs after eating;
While eating, patients quickly achieve a feeling of fullness, even when eating very small portions;
Against the background of an exacerbated ulcerative process, patients often experience prolonged constipation.

Such symptoms require medical intervention, so when they appear, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Complications

If the exacerbation is not treated in a timely manner, then a complication of the pathology occurs.

The most common complication is (perforation). It is a through hole formed at the site of an ulcer, through which gastric contents enter the peritoneum, which can lead to. Therefore, perforation requires urgent surgical intervention.
Also, ulcerative pathology can be complicated, which opens due to corrosion of the vascular walls at the site of the ulcer. It is manifested by bloody vomiting and weakness, can cause a state of shock, requires urgent surgical treatment.
Another complication of untreated ulcerative exacerbation is. This condition is the penetration of an ulcer through the gastric wall into an adjacent organ. With this complication, an ulcer usually joins.
- also a fairly common complication of the ulcerative process. It usually develops when the inflammatory process penetrates deep into the tissues to the serous gastric membrane. As a result, they are launched with neighboring intraorganic structures (pancreas, liver, etc.), and the digestive organ itself is deformed.
Stenosis. If ulcerative deformity is localized in the pyloric zone of the stomach, then a similar complication may develop. Food with such an ulcer cannot enter the intestines, because the passage narrows greatly. An operation is needed to restore patency.
Malignancy is a process in which an ulcerative defect is converted into a cancerous formation that is deadly to the patient.

Timely relief of an acute process will help to avoid such complications.

Treatment

Drug antiulcer therapy is carried out in combination with a dietary nutrition program. For each patient, the necessary drugs with different effects are individually selected.

Firstly, it is necessary to destroy Helicobacter pylori, for which antibiotics from the group of macrolides, nitromidazoles and penicillin (Clarithromycin, Metronidazole and Amoxicillin) are prescribed.
Secondly, it is necessary to reduce gastric acidity, eliminate heartburn, pain, a proportion of which is shown taking Omeprazole, Ranitidine, antacids (Maalox, Almagel), De-nol.

Depending on the severity of the pathological exacerbation, patients are prescribed 3-4-component therapy with the above drugs.

Diet

It is less important in the treatment of ulcerative exacerbation and adherence to diet therapy. In the first few days (2-3), the patient needs to starve, you can only drink.

In the future, after the relief of an acute condition, patients must completely exclude coffee and alcohol from the diet, the stomach now needs sparing food that does not cause an increase in secretion. Need to exclude:

Cold and hot dishes;
Rough food;
Bitter or spicy food;
Fried and fatty;
Sausages and salinity;
Canned food;
Radishes, onions, garlic, which increase hydrochloric acid secretion.

You need to eat warm food in liquid or pureed form, boiled or steamed. You need to eat 5 r / d, a little bit.

It is recommended to drink at night and in the morning a glass of milk, it has an astringent effect, so it is extremely useful for ulcers. It is also recommended to drink hydrocarbonate mineral water, which alkalizes the contents of the stomach, for example, Essentuki (number 4), Borjomi, Burkut, Arshan, etc.

It is useful to drink soothing tea with mint, lemon balm and eat food rich in micronutrients, i.e. vegetables.

Useful milk like cream and kefir, low-fat sour cream and cottage cheese. You should also eat lean poultry and fish. To speed up the healing of the ulcer, vegetable oils from sea buckthorn or olive are included in the diet. For breakfast, it is useful to eat buckwheat, oatmeal or rice milk porridge. Bread is better to eat yesterday (white) or crackers.

To prevent exacerbation, it is necessary to exclude possible stresses, treat chronic conditions like gastritis in a timely manner, and give up unhealthy habits like smoking or alcohol. You need to eat right, often, a little bit, with equal intervals between meals. From the diet it is necessary to exclude food that irritates the stomach and causes increased secretion, which increases gastric acidity.

If you have even the slightest symptoms indicating an exacerbation of a stomach ulcer, then you do not need to postpone treatment measures, since serious complications are possible with an illness. It is important to remember that a stomach ulcer can occur suddenly, it is accompanied by severe pain and even bleeding.

The disease is in second place in the diagnosis after gastritis. With a stomach ulcer during an exacerbation, you should immediately contact a specialist and do not delay, because delay can seriously aggravate the situation and the ulcer will worsen more. Only doctors can determine the severity of the condition and prescribe the right diet. Dietary nutrition is an integral part of treatment.

Exacerbations of stomach ulcers are a dangerous disease, because it often develops into stomach cancer. How to understand that this is an ulcer, and not another ailment? What measures should be taken first? Is it possible to prevent an exacerbation and how is the disease treated?

Symptoms

Regardless of the characteristics of the organism, the symptoms of a stomach ulcer in all people are approximately the same. Pain and nausea are the primary symptoms of stomach ulcers. The disease is directly dependent on the time of day and meals. Painful sensations may fade a little after vomiting, but this does not happen abruptly, but gradually - within about 20 minutes. Most often, the pain of an ulcer is localized in one place, this is considered its hallmark symptom.

In accordance with the time of eating, the types of exacerbations can be:

early (occur within half an hour after eating);
late (begins in 2 hours);
nocturnal (with frequent exacerbations occurring at night).

Signs of exacerbation of the disease

In addition to pain, the period of exacerbation may be accompanied by other symptoms. There are various signs of exacerbation of the ulcer. It is usually accompanied by:

vomiting;
bleeding (due to excessive trauma to the ulcerative surface);
belching;
constipation;
severe nausea (occurs due to irritation of the gastric mucosa);
black feces (this color indicates);
heartburn (appears after taking large portions of food).

Most clearly, these all of the above symptoms are manifested in people who have encountered this problem for the first time. There are various forms of the disease. With mild attacks occur 2-3 times a year. With proper therapy, the exacerbation disappears within one week.

In patients with a moderate form of severity, exacerbations occur more often - 4 times a year, sometimes even gastric bleeding may occur. It takes up to 1 month to treat these exacerbations.

In the severe stage, attacks occur from 5 times a year, the symptoms in this case manifest themselves especially strongly, the therapy takes place almost continuously.

In very rare cases, the symptoms may not be so pronounced, the patient may not notice them. For people with stomach ulcers, a feeling of rapid satiety and a certain heaviness, and sometimes sour belching after eating, are characteristic. But these symptoms are similar to other diseases. How to diagnose an ulcer?

Previously, when there were no modern instrumental methods, a very simple test was done - a person was given ordinary rice porridge with raisins at night, and in the morning they took the contents of his stomach with a special probe and looked at what was left in his stomach. If the patency was normal, then during the night all the food was evacuated from the stomach and there was nothing left there, except for a small portion of gastric juice. In patients with ulcers, rice also left the stomach overnight, but raisins remained. Now it can be checked much easier, since there is a gastroscopy procedure, with the help of an endoscope, the doctor can directly assess the condition of the gastric mucosa, duodenum and patency.

Causes of the disease

There are 2 main causes of stomach ulcers - this is an excess of the acidity of gastric juice and the appearance in the gastrointestinal tract of a special bacterium called Helicobacter pylori, which is a sign of the imminent onset of the disease. All this leads to a weakening of the protective properties of the mucous walls of the stomach, which completely envelop it from the inside, thus protecting tissues from hydrochloric acid and various food enzymes. When diagnosing a stomach ulcer, the symptoms are usually similar for everyone.

If you have problems with regular aggravation of stomach ulcers, then it is highly recommended not to drink alcohol in large quantities, as this is one of the main causes of aggravation. Still process of an aggravation is promoted by carbonated drinks and frequent stressful situations. There are a number of other reasons, although they are less provoking, but they also take place:

eating too hot food or drinks;
excessive tobacco use, especially on an empty stomach;
strong coffee or tea;
non-compliance with dietary nutrition;
injuries of a different nature;
taking aggressive drugs;
infections;
physical overload.

The biggest mistake of people with peptic ulcer disease is inaccurate adherence to the instructions of specialists and a frivolous attitude to treatment. Especially often this happens during the period of remission, at the moment when the pain begins to subside. The patient calms down, relaxes and ceases to fulfill the proper instructions and requirements of doctors.

Treatment of the disease

Treatment of an ulcer is often directly dependent on its stage. Surgical intervention remains the main method of treatment, but not all patients are subject to surgery, for example, in a mild (compensated stage), the patient does not disturb his general well-being and condition, he does not have overly pronounced clinical symptoms, so this person can do with conservative therapy .

In the subcompensated and decompensated stages, the patient will experience severe pain in the epigastric region, a feeling of fullness, everyday vomiting, weight loss, electrolyte imbalance can be expressed through convulsions. These patients are indicated for surgical treatment, such as (dissection of the anterior abdominal wall, removal of part of the stomach, after which the connection of the remainder of the stomach with the duodenum), or anastomotic surgery (attaching the stomach to the jejunum, thus making a bypass hole).

At the same time, all digestive functions of the duodenum are preserved. A stomach ulcer is one of those diseases that medicine is now successfully coping with. With a competent approach, the treatment of ulcers gives a positive result.

Prevention of exacerbation of peptic ulcer

At the diagnostic stage, during gastroscopy, it is necessary to take a biopsy to detect the manifestation of signs of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (bacteria that contribute to the formation of an ulcer). If it is found, then a special antibacterial course is prescribed.

There is a prevention that significantly complements the treatment - this is therapeutic physical culture. The fact is that it has long been noticed that physical exercises have a very positive effect on the evacuation of food from the stomach. For this reason, it is possible and necessary to use such exercises, regardless of the stage of the disease, so that pyloric stenosis does not occur.

If you have not been diagnosed with a stomach ulcer, but you are still afraid of this disease, then you should follow a few simple rules to protect yourself:

Include broccoli in your menu, many may think - and here it is, because the main reason is bacteria. Scientific studies show that it is enough to consume only 70 g of broccoli daily to suppress the activity of these most harmful bacteria.
Don't smoke, and if you do, quit as soon as possible. It has been established that those resins that are formed during smoking, along with saliva, enter the stomach and corrode its walls. Plus, it negatively affects the blood supply to the walls of the stomach. As a result, these same bacteria begin to infect the walls.

Diet for prevention

First of all, you need to eat food fractionally, that is, at short intervals. The less time the stomach is empty, the weaker the aggressive effect of hydrochloric acid on the walls. Watch your diet.

A diet for stomach ulcers should be followed. The list of foods prohibited for consumption with a stomach ulcer is quite large. Unfortunately, it includes many common and all of our favorite dishes.

The diet for an exacerbation of a stomach ulcer is relatively strict: first you need to give up everything fried in oil. As mentioned above, it is strictly forbidden to include very hot or cold food in the diet during an exacerbation of a stomach ulcer. Food temperature should not exceed 300 °C. The main prohibited products are:

lard, fat;
corn, barley;
all canned or fermented foods;
sour berries and fruits (raspberry, cherry, kiwi, currant, grapefruit, etc.);
spicy and sour vegetables (horseradish, garlic, onion, sorrel, rhubarb), and especially spicy ketchups;
primary broth, which is obtained after laying raw meat or fish in unboiled water;
vegetables and fruits containing fiber (cabbage, all types of beans and more).

In nutrition, show restraint and measuredness, remember about small portions. There are products that have a very favorable effect on the course of the disease. In the first place is honey, which significantly reduces inflammation. Milk is very useful, which is necessarily included in the menu of any person suffering from a stomach ulcer. Helps soda - a well-known remedy for combating heartburn. With this kind of disease, diets are extremely important, because the ulcer can worsen at any time.

Serious problems can be delivered to the patient by an exacerbation of gastric and duodenal ulcers, as well as seasonal exacerbations that repeat at certain periods of the year.

Not everyone can and wants to eat right, so various diseases of the digestive system have become the most common in the modern world. According to statistics, more than half of patients with similar diagnoses are senior schoolchildren, students, workers with irregular working hours and on-duty schedules.

Gastric and duodenal ulcers rarely occur immediately. As a rule, it is preceded by several years of gastritis with high acidity, while there is a violation of the treatment regimen or insufficiently effective treatment.

Like any chronic disease, peptic ulcer occurs cyclically, with alternating remission and exacerbation. More often, an exacerbation of an ulcer occurs in spring and autumn. During this period, the disease is most severe. You can cope with this if you follow the recommendations of the attending physician.

Exacerbation of gastric and duodenal ulcers can be mitigated, prevented and maintained in remission. Prevention requires the patient to make efforts to maintain health, since only in this case all measures will be effective. In addition, it is necessary to fight the disease in several ways at once:

consult a doctor in a timely manner, follow recommendations, take prescribed medications;
rejection of bad habits;
follow a diet, diet;
avoid stress as much as possible;
it is possible to use folk remedies and herbal medicine;
perform a therapeutic set of exercises (exercise therapy).

If there is any concomitant pathology, then it is necessary to treat both diseases at the same time. It is important to follow preventive measures, and it is necessary to maintain contact with the attending physician (or several specialists) in order to develop the most appropriate treatment regimen.

Video: Exacerbation of stomach ulcers

Consultation with a doctor, use of medications

Only a specialist can prescribe competent treatment and select preventive measures in order to maintain the health, well-being of the patient and avoid exacerbations. It is absolutely not necessary to engage in self-medication - this is harmful to health, does not contribute to maintaining a stable remission and can cause the development of concomitant diseases.

The main way to deal with peptic ulcer disease is to take medication. For the prevention and treatment of exacerbations, the following groups of drugs are prescribed:

antibacterial drugs (if the presence of helicobacter pylori is proven);
antisecretory agents;
gastroprotectors;
symptomatic remedies.

- the only bacterium that can live in the aggressive environment of the stomach. It is also the cause of gastritis and peptic ulcer. To identify it, a biopsy, analysis of gastric contents, a blood test for antibodies is used. If a microorganism is detected, then the treatment regimen necessarily includes antibiotics.

Antisecretory agents reduce the acid content in the digestive juice. As a result, irritation of the gastric mucosa and duodenum is reduced. The mechanism of action of these drugs is different. The most effective proton pump inhibitors (Omeprazole, Nexium). They reduce the flow of hydrogen ions into the glandular cells of the stomach wall, but have many side effects. In children and adolescents, other groups of drugs are used - M-anticholinergics (Gastroceptin) and H1-blockers (Ranitidine).

Special mention should be made of antacids. Like antisecretory, they reduce the level of hydrochloric acid, but their mechanisms of action are different. Antisecretics reduce the production of HCl, and antacids neutralize the already existing acid, so their effectiveness is lower. However, their action comes faster, so Rennie and other drugs can be used as an emergency drug.

Gastroprotectors- these are drugs that provide additional protection of the gastric mucosa, accelerate the restoration of the natural protective barrier and the healing of the ulcer. These include Maalox, Phosphalugel, De-nol and other means.

The classic treatment regimen for peptic ulcer includes the use of two antibiotics, an antisecretory drug (most often PPI) and a gastroprotector (De-nol). If necessary, it is supplemented with symptomatic agents - enzyme preparations, drugs that enhance the motility of the stomach and intestines, antispasmodics.

In addition, it is necessary to monitor the patient's condition, for which you need to visit a gastroenterologist at least 1-2 times a year.

Rejection of bad habits

The most common bad habits are alcohol abuse and smoking.

Frequent drinking of alcohol has a destructive effect on the entire body, and on the digestive system in particular. Alcohol abuse, in itself, can provoke an ulcer in the stomach and duodenum. Therefore, the refusal of alcohol is very important for the prevention of exacerbations and the treatment of ulcers.

Smoking provokes the release of digestive juice in the stomach - something that doctors are trying to minimize, since hydrochloric acid once again irritates the damaged mucosa. Smoking during an exacerbation, especially abuse, exacerbates the disease.

Compliance with diet and nutrition

Proper nutrition is the basis for the treatment and prevention of exacerbations of peptic ulcer. Compliance with it makes drug therapy much more effective, and non-compliance, on the contrary, can completely negate the effect of drugs. That is why, when prescribing treatment, the doctor pays special attention to diet and diet.

The first thing to remember is that you can't stay hungry. In the absence of food, hydrochloric acid damages the stomach wall, causing ulcers to develop. Therefore, the nutrition of patients with ulcers is carried out fractionally - in small portions with an interval of 2.5-3 hours, 5-6 times a day.

Another important principle in the prevention of exacerbations is the protection of the gastric mucosa from harmful mechanical, chemical and thermal effects. During remission, the chemical factor is especially important, so the amount of spices, onions, garlic and spicy foods is limited in the diet. At the same time, the use of fresh herbs is allowed. Preference is given to boiled, stewed and baked dishes, dairy products, fruit juices with pulp (not sour, for example, peach, sweet apple).

The calorie content of the diet is usually not limited, but the normalization of weight will benefit a patient with a stomach ulcer and duodenal ulcer. Therefore, it will be useful to calculate the daily energy expenditure and adjust the energy value of food in accordance with them.

During remission, small errors in the diet are acceptable, but it should be remembered that it is after the holidays, when people allow themselves not to follow the diet, that the greatest number of exacerbations occurs.

Video: Diet during an exacerbation

Stress avoidance

Constant stress is one of the factors that cause the disease and provoke an exacerbation. At the beginning of the 20th century, it was believed that peptic ulcer was a lot of mostly nervous people, a consequence of responsible work. But it turned out that this is not true, but there is a reasonable grain in this theory.

Avoiding stress greatly improves health. This goal can be achieved in different ways. If possible, it is necessary to change the mode of operation to a more gentle one. Psychotherapeutic work with the patient himself and his relatives is possible in order to reduce the frequency of stress in family life, the appointment of sedatives.

Folk methods, herbal medicine

Like all of the above methods, folk remedies can be used only after consulting a doctor. Since most herbal preparations do not pass clinical trials, their effectiveness and safety may be questionable.

By action, herbal remedies can complement drugs. For example, a popular recipe for relieving night pain - a glass of kefir or milk - is a natural antacid and gastroprotective agent. And another folk antacid - soda - doctors strongly do not recommend using, especially with an ulcer. Baking soda neutralizes excess acid, but carbon dioxide is produced, which creates pressure in the stomach and increases the risk of perforation of the ulcer.

The most important among folk remedies are soothing teas containing chamomile, mint, lemon balm. They improve the emotional state of a person and make it easier to endure stress.

Therapeutic physical culture (LFK)

Physical exercise contributes to healing. At the same time, it is important for patients to control the level of physical activity. Activity should be moderate. Hard work and heavy sports loads are harmful.

Of the therapeutic exercises, first of all, breathing exercises are used. It can be used regardless of the degree of fitness of the patient. Allowed the appointment of breathing exercises immediately after exacerbation. Then the muscles of the limbs and neck are involved in therapeutic exercises.

The first block of exercises is always performed lying on your back, then exercises on your side (right and left in turn), a sitting block, and standing exercises. Training for the abdominal muscles should be done with great care.

Conclusion

Following all of the above, in order to maintain stable remission and prevent exacerbation of gastric and duodenal ulcers, an integrated approach is used - taking medications, eliminating negative factors, general strengthening procedures. All this should take place with the obligatory agreement with the attending physician.

Peptic ulcer is the formation of scars or ulcers in the stomach or duodenum itself. This is a fairly common disease. According to medical data, approximately one in 10 people suffer from this disease. In a chronic disease, an ulcer has both periods of remission and periods of exacerbation. The aggravation often falls on the spring-autumn seasons.

The causes of an exacerbation of an ulcer can be very different. Basically, the aggravation of the disease occurs due to a violation of the diet. It is no secret that a patient suffering from an ulcer should exclude certain types of food from his diet.

Drinking alcohol can also provoke an exacerbation, which affect the gastric mucosa and thereby cause worsening of the scars. Do not smoke if you have peptic ulcer. Cigarette smoke is just as irritating to scars as alcohol.

An exacerbation can be affected by severe stress, which disrupts the nervous mechanisms of regulation of gastric secretion and motility. Excessive physical activity can also affect the condition of the ulcer.

An exacerbation can occur due to the use of medications.

In autumn and spring, ulcers are most often exacerbated. This is because the temperature of the weather is constantly changing, ranging from low to high. Also during these periods, the body, due to restructuring for the new season, becomes susceptible to various infections and which can provoke an exacerbation.

Thus, among the main causes of exacerbation of peptic ulcer are:

malnutrition;
alcohol;
smoking;
emotional state of a person;
medicinal preparations;
autumn and spring seasons.

A person who has been suffering for more than one year, according to the first symptoms of its exacerbation, will determine the onset of the disease. But for those who have an ulcer for the first time, its occurrence can be unexpectedly frightening.

More on the topic: How does inflammation of the stomach and duodenum occur? Is the diet worth it?

Exacerbation symptoms:

-ile pain;
vomit;
heartburn;
gas formation;
irritability;
worsening sleep;
weight loss.

Diet

When the disease is necessary in order to avoid exacerbation. Therefore, it is important for a patient with an ulcer to know which foods can be consumed and which are prohibited during an ulcer exacerbation.

You can eat the following:

Liquid cereals from semolina, oatmeal, rice, barley. You can add a little cream or butter to the porridge.
Lean meats such as beef, veal, rabbit, turkey, chicken. The meat is preferably steamed or boiled.
Low-fat varieties of fish. Also, preference should be given to steamed fish.
Milk, cream, low-fat cottage cheese.
Eggs or scrambled eggs, but not much.
Kissel, milk jelly.
Fruit jelly.
Sugar in small quantities.
Not strong tea with milk or low-fat cream.
Fresh juices.
Herbal decoctions, rosehip helps very well with an ulcer.
Butter. Recommended as an addition to a ready-made dish.
Liquid pureed soups from various cereals and lean meats.
Rusks from flour of the first grade.

You can not use the following products:

Fresh bread and various flour products, including sweet ones.
Sour-milk drinks such as ayran, koumiss, kefir, etc.
Sour cream.
Fat curd.
Vegetables.
Various snacks.
Fruit.
Candies, biscuits and similar products.
Sauces.
Seasonings.
Coffee and cocoa.
Carbonated drinks.
Fried and stewed dishes.

In order to get used to such a set of products and give up what was familiar easier, you need to make yourself a daily menu for a week. A sample menu during an exacerbation of an ulcer will allow you to eat up and not include prohibited foods in your diet.

Sample menu of the day:

First breakfast: steam omelette, milk.

Second breakfast: milk jelly.

Lunch: thin oatmeal soup, steamed chicken cutlet, rosehip broth, or weak tea.

Afternoon snack: Apple jelly, juice.

Dinner: milk, semolina porridge.

Second dinner: milk or rosehip broth.

As can be seen from the menu, nutrition during an exacerbation of peptic ulcer should be fractional. During this period, you need to eat small portions, but often from 6 to 8 times a day. After about a week of the diet, the ulcer will begin to heal quietly, and it will already be possible to gradually add new foods to your diet.

Sharp or diffuse pain, radiating to the back or localized, heartburn or vomiting - this may be an exacerbation of a stomach ulcer. What measures to take? How to distinguish from other diseases? What can you eat? Let's try to figure it out.

Exacerbation of the disease, its dependence on external factors, gender and age

An exacerbation of a gastric ulcer is a sharp increase in the symptoms of the disease after a period of "calm" (remission). It is characterized by periodicity. Symptoms are more common in autumn and spring. Their duration is from 2-3 to 6-8 weeks.

In men, exacerbation is observed much more often than in women. Period alternation can be erased. The pain syndrome is more pronounced, and the incidence of complications is 8–15 times higher.

A stomach ulcer in women can worsen during menopause, after an abortion, with dysmenorrhea. Pregnancy generally leads to remission.

Manifestations of an exacerbation of an ulcer in adolescents and in adolescence are erased or similar to the symptoms of a duodenal ulcer. Pain is mild, heartburn is present, and complications are rare. In old age, the pain is also not pronounced, it is diffuse in nature, often radiating to the back, shoulder, collarbone.

The risk group includes people whose work is associated with constant stress, abusing smoking, alcohol. Also, an exacerbation of an ulcer is more common in people who do not adhere to a diet: they eat dry food, with long breaks, and often drink carbonated drinks. Fans of spicy and fried foods are also included in this group.

Causes of an exacerbation of an ulcer

Most often, a stomach ulcer is aggravated by drinking large amounts of strong alcohol, carbonated drinks, and under severe stress. Other provoking reasons may be:

eating too hot food;
frequent smoking (on an empty stomach) while drinking coffee or strong tea;
non-compliance with the diet;
severe injuries;
taking medications such as: aspirin, reserpine, ibuprofen, indomethacin, etc.;
infections;
physical stress.

Symptoms

The main symptom of an exacerbation of an ulcer is pain. Its characteristic features are: dependence on the time of day and food intake. With peptic ulcer as a result of taking antacids and after vomiting, the pain disappears or decreases. The rise and fall of pain occurs slowly (~ 15 minutes) in contrast to cholelithiasis.

In accordance with the time of eating, pain symptoms can be:

early (30-60 minutes after eating);
late (appear after 2 hours);
"hungry" (occur after 6-7 hours and disappear after eating);
nocturnal (similar in character to "hungry").

"Hungry" and night pains are more characteristic of a duodenal ulcer. However, when the ulcer is located in the lower parts of the stomach, they can also be observed. The symptoms of the disease are all the more blurred, the higher the ulcer is located.

Pain during an exacerbation of a gastric ulcer usually has a localized character: to the left of the midline (unlike gastritis, where the pain is diffuse). Prolonged pain radiating to the back testifies to its perforation.

Immunity to drugs, changes in the rhythm of pain, manifestations of irradiation may indicate the occurrence of complications or the appearance of a concomitant disease.

In addition to pain, a stomach ulcer at the time of exacerbation can manifest itself with the following symptoms:

vomit;
belching;
constipation;
nausea;
black feces;
heartburn.

Dark-colored vomit and black stools may indicate internal bleeding.

First aid for an exacerbation of an ulcer

When symptoms of an exacerbation of an ulcer appear, the patient must be provided with a half-bed rest and psycho-emotional stability. Particular attention should be paid to the nature of the pain, its intensity and duration. Complications require hospitalization. Sharp pain with a rapid deterioration in the condition may be evidence of perforation of the ulcer. Vomiting blood - internal bleeding. You should urgently call a doctor.

Pharmacological agents

First aid is to quickly eliminate the symptoms of exacerbation and provide conditions for the healing of the ulcer. Bismuth preparations and antacids will help get rid of pain. It:

De-Nol;
Bismofalk;
Bismol;
Tribimol;
Vikalin;
Almagel;
Maalox;
Rennie and others

If these drugs do not help, you can take antispasmodics (Papaverine, No-Shpa) or anticholinergics (Gastroceptin, Metacin). The doctor will prescribe antibiotics, as well as other antiulcer drugs. After feeling better, you should definitely visit a doctor and undergo the necessary examination.

Folk remedies

In the absence of the necessary medicines at hand, an exacerbation attack can be removed with folk remedies. Soda is often used internally, but it is a strong antacid and leads to side effects.

Warm milk, honey solution, rose hips will help from pain. The latter is considered a very strong, radical remedy for exacerbation of gastric ulcer. It is used to eliminate the pain symptom, with internal bleeding, promoting healing.

Herbs also have an analgesic and enveloping effect: calamus, chamomile, cumin, sage, lemon balm, sweet clover, oats, orchis.

Diet choice

There are previously approved special anti-ulcer diets: 1a, 1b and 1. Despite foreign studies claiming that bans on certain foods can provoke additional stress, these diets are still used today. Russian scientists supplemented the diet by increasing the content of protein and fat. The principles of dietary nutrition remained unchanged.

Diet principles

The anti-ulcer diet is based on the principle of sparing the stomach. Thermal sparing involves eating with a temperature of 15 ̊ C to 60 ̊ C. Chemical exclusion of products that lead to increased secretion. Mechanical requires the use of food in pure and liquid form.

There are other dietary principles for exacerbation of gastric ulcers:

frequent meals;
small portions;
do not eat at night.

From products it is necessary to remove: sweet, fatty, spicy, salty, coffee, carbonated drinks, strong tea, all types of broths (including vegetable), alcohol, canned food.

sample menu

Based on the main principles of the diet, the menu will depend on the severity of symptoms, the presence of complications, and change as you recover. In the first week after the onset of attacks, diet No. 1a will be required, the next 10 days (approximately) - No. 1b. A week later, diet number 1 is introduced. Below are 3 menu options.

Diet number 1a

First breakfast: porridge with milk (semolina, rice, oats), you can steam omelet, rose hips (decoction);

Lunch: soft-boiled egg, jelly;

Dinner: slimy semolina soup, rice or oatmeal, steam soufflé (from low-fat fish, meat, poultry), milk;

Afternoon snack: steam soufflé from cottage cheese, jelly;

Dinner: chicken soufflé, rosehip;

For the night: milk.

The use of salt is limited to 5 g. You can add cream, a little butter.

Diet number 1b

White bread is added in the form of crackers (no more than 100 g). Meat, poultry and fish are prepared in the form of meatballs, steam cutlets. Milk soups are more varied.

First breakfast: oatmeal milk porridge, rosehip broth;

Lunch: cracker, jelly;

Dinner: milk soup with small noodles, meatballs, jelly;

Afternoon snack: cracker or mashed cottage cheese, jelly;

Dinner: fish (or poultry) soufflé, rosehip broth;

For the night: milk.

Diet number 1

Meat, poultry and fish can be boiled in pieces. Vegetable soups and vegetable purees are introduced, as well as dill and parsley. Allowed: yesterday's bread (white), mild cheese, sour cream, jam, apples, biscuits. The ban is subject to: broths, sauces (except fruit), spices, as well as fried and salty.

First breakfast: scrambled eggs, cookies, rosehip broth;

Lunch: cheese, jelly, apple;

Dinner: vegetable soup, meatballs, bread, compote;

Afternoon snack: berry soufflé, rosehip broth;

Dinner: boiled fish, wild rose;

For the night: milk.

Menu options shown are approximate. When compiling a diet, you need to adhere to your own preferences and characteristics of the body. For example, if you have intolerance to milk or fish.

It is advisable to adhere to the basic principles of the diet during remission, especially in early spring and autumn, in order to prevent an exacerbation of stomach ulcers. You just need to pay attention to your body, and it will respond with good health and excellent well-being.